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R. Wilczek a Suitable Crop for Lindane Contaminated Soil?

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R. Wilczek a Suitable Crop for Lindane Contaminated Soil? Title Is Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek a suitable crop for Lindane contaminated soil? Author Name Vishal Tripathi, Rama Kant Dubey, H.B. Singh, Nandita Singh, P.C. Abhilash Journal Name Ecological Engineering Year 2014 Volume and Volume 73 Issuue Pages 219 - 223 Abstracts Lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) is an organochlorine pesticide recently included in the Stockholm list of persistent organic pollutants for global elimination. However, India is still allowed to use Lindane for combating vector borne diseases. Because of its large scale utilization during the last few decades, Lindane residue is reported from almost all agricultural soils of India. So there is an immediate need to monitor the accumulation of Lindane residue in crop plants growing in contaminated systems and suitable strategies should be taken to prevent the possible entry of Lindane in food chain. Therefore, in the present study, we studied the accumulation and translocation of Lindane in Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek (Mung bean), a widely grown legume in India as a cheap source of protein. The test plant was grown in four different concentrations of Lindane viz. 5, 10, 15 and 20 μg g−1 soils and harvested at 15 and 45 days and at maturity. The experimental results showed that irrespective of the exposure days, the accumulation of Lindane in plant parts were linearly correlated (r2 = 0.915) with the Lindane concentration in soil. However, the Lindane concentration in soil significantly reduced the growth and yield (number of pods, pod length, number of seeds and seed weight) of the test plants at 95% confidence level (α = 5). At maturity, the concentration of Lindane in whole plant (root + shoot + leaf + seed) growing at four different concentrations were reached up to 3.8, 9.4, 13.5 and 17.79 μg g−1 dry matter, respectively. Worryingly, Lindane residue was found in the seeds of test plants grown at 10, 15 and 20 μg g−1 soils and the concentrations were detected as 0.2, 0.4 and 0.89 μg g−1 dry seed, respectively. Most importantly, the residue level detected in the edible part was higher than the maximum residue limit set by WHO and Codex Alimentarious Commission (0.1 μg g−1). Thus our study suggests that Mung bean is not a suitable crop for medium to high level Lindane contaminated soil. Keywords Persistent organic pollutants, Organochlorine pesticide, Lindane, Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek, Phytoaccumulation, Maximum residue limit Title Phytoextraction and dissipation of Lindane by Spinacia oleracea L. Author Name Rama Kant Dubey, Vishal Tripathi, Nandita Singh, P.C. Abhilash Journal Name Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Year 2014 Volume and Issue Volume 109 Pages 22 - 26 Abstracts Remediation and management of organochlorine pesticide (OCPs) contaminated soil is becoming a global priority as they are listed in the Stockholm list of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) for global elimination. Lindane is a OCPs candidate recently included in the Stockholm list. However, India has an exemption to produce Lindane for malaria control. Because of its widespread use during the last few decades, Lindane contaminated soils are found in almost all parts of India. Since phytoremediation is widely acknowledged as an innovative strategy for the clean-up of contaminated soils; the present study was aimed to evaluate the phytoextraction and dissipation of Lindane by a leafy vegetable Spinacia oleracea L (Spinach). The test plant was grown in different concentrations of Lindane (5, 10, 15 and 20 mg kg−1) and harvested at 10, 30 and 45 days. At 45 days, the concentrations of Lindane in root and leaf of Spinach growing in four different concentrations were reached up to 3.5, 5.4, 7.6 and 12.3 mg kg−1 and 1.8, 2.2, 3 and 4.9 mg kg−1, respectively. There was a significant difference (p<0.01) in the dissipation of Lindane in vegetated and non-vegetated soil. Moreover, the residual Lindane in four experiments was reduced to 81, 76, 69 and 61 percent, respectively. The experimental results indicate that Spinach can be used for the phytoremediation of Lindane. However, more studies are required to prevent the toxicity of harvested parts. Keywords Persistent organic pollutants, Organochlorine pesticide, Lindane, Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek, Phytoaccumulation, Maximum residue limit Title Enhanced Lindane removal from soil slurry by immobilized Streptomyces consortium Author Name Juliana M. Saez, Analía Álvarez, Claudia S. Benimeli, María J. Amoroso Journal Name International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation Year 2014 Volume and Issue Volume 93 Pages 63 - 69 Abstracts The aim of this work was to assess lindane removal from soil slurry by a Streptomyces consortium immobilized in cloth sachets, at different inoculum, lindane and slurry concentrations. In concentrated slurry (soil/water ratio of 2:3), the higher lindane removal (35.3 mg Kg−1) was obtained with the medium inoculum (107 CFU g−1) and the highest lindane concentration tested, at 7 days of incubation. Although, lindane removal was also detected in abiotic controls, probably caused by pesticide adsorption to soil particles. Thus, these parameters were selected for evaluating the pesticide removal in diluted slurry (soil/water ratio of 1:4). After 14 days of incubation, 28.7 mg Kg−1 of lindane were removed. Also, a phytotoxicity assay demonstrated that seeds growing on diluted slurries bioremediated during 7 and 14 days, showed an improvement in biological parameters, compared to those growing on non- bioremediated slurries. Thus, bioremediated slurries would not have toxic effects on lettuce seeds. Keywords Lindane, Soil slurry, Streptomyces, Consortium, Immobilization Title Remediation of lindane by Jatropha curcas L: Utilization of multipurpose species for rhizoremediation Author Name P.C. Abhilash , Bindu Singh, Pankaj Srivastava, Andreas Schaeffer, Nandita Singh Journal Name Biomass and Bioenergy Year 2013 Volume and Volume 51 Issue Pages 189 - 193 Abstracts In the present study we demonstrate the rhizoremediation potential of a biodiesel plant Jatropha curcas L. against lindane and discuss the field applicability of Jatropha based remediation techniques and future research prospects. Six different experimental approaches were conducted to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of Jatropha under glasshouse conditions. For this, Jatropha plants were grown in garden soil spiked with four increasing concentration of lindane (5, 10, 15 and 20 mg kg−1) and harvested after 45, 180 and 300 d. One set of control plants were grown in lindane free soil and another set of spiked soils were kept without Jatropha plants. At every harvesting, plant growth, lindane accumulation in plant parts, residual lindane concentration in soil as well as percentage lindane dissipation from soil were calculated. After 300 d, the accumulation of lindane in Jatropha grown in four simulated soils reached up to 5.42, 10.83, 15.95 and 20.85 μg g−1 plant dry matter, respectively. Correspondingly, the residual lindane soil concentrations in the above four treatments were reduced to 89, 82, 77 and 72% with respect to the applied lindane amounts, respectively. We conclude that Jatropha enhances the dissipation of lindane in simulated soil and is useful for onsite remediation. Keywords Multipurpose species, Rhizoremediation, Jatropha curcas L., Biodiesel plant, Lindane Title Maize plants (Zea mays) root exudates enhance lindane removal by native Streptomyces strains Author Name A. Álvarez, M.L. Yañez , C.S. Benimeli,M.J. Amoroso Journal Name International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation Year 2012 Volume and Issue Volume 66, Issue 1 Pages 14 - 18 Abstracts The organochlorine pesticide (OP) lindane was removed from minimal medium (MM) by two Streptomyces native strains, while growing on maize root exudates (REs) as a primary carbon and energy source. REs supported 55 and 35% of lindane removal by Streptomyces sp. strains A5 and M7, respectively, corroborating the hypothesis that co-metabolism may be a plant/microbe interaction important to bioremediation. In addition, residual lindane concentration was more than half of the amount in MM supplemented with glucose compared to MM supplemented with REs, suggesting that exudates could be more appropriate carbon source to support aerobic dehalogenation of the pesticide. Lindane-degrading activity was detected in REs, which could explain 42% of lindane removal in REs-lindane assay, without microorganisms. Because Streptomyces sp. A5 showed maximum biomass and the highest pesticide removal in REs-lindane assay, it was found to be the most promising strain regarding their future application. These results showed that phytostimulation of OP-degrading actinobacteria by maize REs are therefore likely to be a successful strategy for the remediation of lindane-contaminated environments. Keywords Bioremediation, Lindane, Root exudates, Maize, Actinobacteria, Phytostimulation Title Influence of rhizospheric microbial inoculation and tolerant plant species on the rhizoremediation of lindane Author Name P.C. Abhilash, Shubhi Srivastava, Pankaj Srivastava, Bindu Singh, Amina Jafri, Nandita Singh Journal Name Environmental and Experimental Botany Year 2011 Volume and Issue Volume 74 Pages 127 - 130 Abstracts Application of rhizospheric microbes to enhance the phytoremediation of organic pollutants has gained considerable attention recently due to their beneficial effects on the survival and growth of plants in contaminated soil sites. The present study was demonstrated to test the combined rhizoremediation potential
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