DOCSLIB.ORG

Narrative Immunities: the Logic of Infection and Defense in American Speculative Fiction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Narrative Immunities: the Logic of Infection and Defense in American Speculative Fiction Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 1-9-2018 11:30 AM Narrative Immunities: The Logic of Infection and Defense in American Speculative Fiction Riley R. McDonald The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Schuster, Joshua The University of Western Ontario Joint Supervisor Carmichael, Thomas The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in English A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Riley R. McDonald 2018 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the American Literature Commons Recommended Citation McDonald, Riley R., "Narrative Immunities: The Logic of Infection and Defense in American Speculative Fiction" (2018). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 5174. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5174 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract In this project I analyze the roles that notions of viruses and immunities and their figurations play within the narrative discourse of speculative fiction. Focusing on a series of texts from twentieth- and twenty-first century American fiction, I seek to examine the ways in which the dialectical confrontation between infection and immunity is explored, reified, or challenged on a narrative level. The terms “virus” and “immunity,” so intrinsic to life sciences, have come into use to describe specific micro-organisms and biological processes only within the last 150 years. Yet these terms possess a significantly longer history in political, legalistic, and philosophical discourses. As such, their use in describing biological activities is always, at some level, a cultivated form of narrative. Central to my discussion is what I call “narrative immunity,” the sense that the narrative perspective within a text acts as an immunizing factor against the threat of viral contamination. Narrative immunity is a way of constructing, within a literary world undergoing a cataclysmic structural event (as is often the case in the plots of viral outbreak), a space and identity of familiarity and recognition for the reader. As such, looking at how immunity and infection are narrated within fiction, I posit, allows us to gain an understanding of how discourses of biopolitics germinate and develop along narrative lines. Through a reading of Jack London, William S. Burroughs, Samuel R. Delany, and Colson Whitehead, I argue that narrative immunity may be deployed in a variety of ideological ways, and that it can support both reactionary impulses and radical liberatory projects. What I argue throughout is that an understanding of how viral infection and immune defense are encoded within the narrative logic of a text allows us a means of grasping the biopolitical constructivism that frequently informs cultural production. ii Keywords Virus; immunity; speculative fiction; Jack London; Colson Whitehead; zombies; plague; Samuel R. Delany; HIV/AIDS; Cold War; American literature; William S. Burroughs; genre study; narratology; materialism; Roberto Esposito; biopolitics; narrative immunity iii Acknowledgments A dissertation makes clear, day in, day out, the necessity of collaboration and support in fostering any kind of intellectual project. Without the constant feedback, encouragement, and much-needed distraction, this project would never have made it out of its tentative initial steps. I would like, first and foremost, to thank my two supervisors, Dr. Joshua Schuster and Dr. Thomas Carmichael, for their enthusiastic and unwavering support from the very beginning. Dr. Schuster always pushed me to think as expansively—and as generously—as I possibly could, and made sure I never left his office without a comprehensive list of books and thinkers with which to engage. He directed my development as a thinker, reader, and writer with a confidence that never wavered, no matter how many times I’d come to doubt myself. Likewise, I have benefitted tremendously from Dr. Carmichael’s warmth and confidence as a mentor. His ability to be able to see the fullness of this project while I was lost in its weeds, and guide me toward those ends was a constant boon. It has been a privilege to train as a scholar under their complementary styles. Likewise, I would like to thank Dr. Thy Phu for her guidance and support as soon as I arrived in London. Indeed, it was Dr. Phu who first suggested thinking about viruses and pointed me to the critical literature that formed the nucleus of this project. It is safe to say that, without Dr. Phu’s generosity, this project would not have existed in the first place. Additionally, I would like to thank my examining committee of Dr. Phu, Dr. Jan Plug, Dr. Wendy Gay Pearson, and Dr. Jason Haslam for their generous feedback and engagement with the project. I would also like to thank Dr. Steven Bruhm, Dr. Alison Lee, Dr. Jonathan Boulter, Dr. Joel Faflak, and Dr. Donna Pennee for their continued support and advice throughout this iv long process, from my initial, befuddled questions on how to write a SSHRC proposal to their assurances that the end was indeed in sight. I have bothered them far more than could be considered polite, but they have always been gregarious in offering their time and advice. The particularly exhilarating stresses of graduate school make for a peculiarly intense and fast-developing bonds of friendship. It is this persistent camaraderie (whether celebratory or commiserating) that made this experience feel both possible and worthwhile. My thanks to Emily Kring, Thomas Stuart, Nahmi Lee, Adam Bowes, Kevin Shaw, Logan Rohde, Fred King, Jason Sunder, Jeremy Colangelo, Diana Samu-Visser, Philip Glennie, Stephanie Oliver, and Donald Calabrese for being there no matter the circumstance. This project would not have been possible without financial support from the Western University Department of English and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. I would like to acknowledge my gratitude for these funding opportunities. Last but not least, to my family: my mother Cindy, my father Graham, and my sister Maggie. Your love and support has been inexhaustible, and your faith in my abilities (despite my insistence that I had none) unshakeable. It has been your presence, more than anything, that pushed me to keep working away and to complete this process. v Table of Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. iv Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................... vi Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 1—The Thinning of the West: Jack London’s Microbial Sublime ............................ 67 1.1 The Frontier and the Border .................................................................................. 71 1.2 The Microbial Sublime ......................................................................................... 81 1.3 After the Outbreak: Contingency and Immunity in The Scarlet Plague ............... 85 1.4 Weaponizing the Microbial in “The Unparalleled Invasion” ................................ 99 1.5 Narrating Backwards: The Romance of Futurity ................................................. 118 Chapter 2—The Voice of the Flesh: Traversing the Immuniverse with William S. Burroughs .......................................... 120 2.1 Mutually Assured Exclusion—The Shape of Cold War Biopolitics .................... 128 2.2 Additional Capacities—The Persistence of the Flesh .......................................... 132 2.3 Atrophied Preface: Naked Lunch and the Biopolitical Flesh ............................... 137 2.4 The Nova Trilogy: The Flesh Made Word ........................................................... 143 2.5 “Dial police”—Scripting Nova ........................................................................... 146 2.6 Rewrite Department: The Immunizing Power of the Cut-Up .............................. 157 2.7 Enfleshing the Word ........................................................................................... 162 2.8 “Shift Linguals”—The Voice and Cut-Up Narration .......................................... 171 2.9 The Qualified Flesh ............................................................................................. 177 Chapter 3—( )topia: Queer Topologies and Topographies in the AIDS Writing of Samuel R. Delany ................................................................ 183 3.1 Discourse and the AIDS Epidemic in America .................................................... 183 3.2 Sick Spaces: How Environment Informs AIDS Thinking ................................... 195 3.3 Communal Ground .............................................................................................. 204 3.4 The Tale of Plagues and Carnivals: Crossing the Bridge of Lost Desire ............ 213 3.5 The Mad Man and the Ecology of Queer Space ................................................... 227 Chapter 4—The Apocalyptic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • DESCRIPTORS Other Testimony Is Included from Several People Who
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 219 711 CG 016 135 TITLE Exploitation of Children. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice of the Committee on the Judiciary. United States Senate, Ninety-Seventh Congress, First Session on Problems of Exploited Children. INSTITUTION Congress of the U.S., Washington, D.C. Senate Committee on the Judiciary. REPORT NO Senate-J-97-78 PUB DATE 5 Nov 81 NOTE 168p.; Paper copy not available due to small print size. EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Adolescents; Child Abuse; *Children; *Child Welfare; *Delinquent Rehabilitation; Drug Addiction; Family Problems; Hearings; Juvenile Courts; *Runaways; Sexuality; Violence; *Youth Problems IDENTIFIERS *Juvenile Justice System ABSTRACT The proceedings of this hearing on the exploitation of children deal with the problems of children and adolescents who run away from home. Family problems and abuse that cause these children to leave home are described by former runaway witnesses. Other testimony is included from several people who work with runaway youths and describe programs to help adolescents who are on the street facing such problems as child pornography and child prostitution. Current laws dealing with the runaway problem are discussed and the need for improvement in the juvenile justice system is emphasized. The appendix contains a letter to the Attorney General and his response about the Justice Department's involvement in the exploitation of children as well as a statement by the Department of Health and Human Services on this problem. (JAC) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN HARD COPY NOT AVAILABLE HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON JUVENILE JUSTICE OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY (NJ UNITED STATES SENATE NINETY-SEVENTH CONGRESS L4.1 FIRST SESSION ON PROBLEMS OF EXPLOITED CHILDREN NOVEMBER 5, 1981 Serial No.
    [Show full text]
  • Corrupted Youth
    COURIER-JOURNAL Wednesday, June 13,1984 13 ^*^^^^p~m*~^K*nm Mercy Graduation third cmtficfitve &ip and ter of the late Frank and ready fe*4Mtirfban«hi|R. Vi Cuddy Both are Scheduled June 20 AmancanaiidlrWi Aobarnians Our Lady of Mercy High study liberal arts at the Uni­ School's 53rd annual gradua­ versity of Notre Dame. She tatty CavfiV-of St Of Bcnadetfe Fisher tion exercises will take place has been an editor of Ambrose,* whose father Holy Ghost Rochester, I at 8 p.m., Wednesday, June Mercedes, the school's liter­ was the Jate fir Clanmse have no line excepting that 20, at the Eastman Theatre ary magazine, and a reporter the aura knows how to with Bishop Matthew H. for the school newspaper, ajsjoy HmVBl That local Clark delivering the com­ Quill. She also is a member {hpaMKtftt ASM! dniin mencement address. of the National Honor Soci­ jnrgg^g ttfihod bgrrutcx of The bishop also will cele­ ety and co-captain of the BttemHc, INBM Pratt brate the graduates' Rose varsity track and field team. was an her ihirtf *np with Mass Wednesday, June 19, in Paradies of Pittsford plans the Mercy Motherhouse, to major in English and of St ioaeph't, Rush just according to Sister Judith communications at LeMoyne Tiros* SL John Heberle, principal. College. She also is on the as, la a "Let's Seniors Maria Gerace and Mercedes staff amd was news evarymjag'' person Karen Paradies are editor of Quill. She was a S took enough girls' valedictorian and member of this year's •;.: -<A ?.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Viruses
    Western Plant Diagnostic Network1 First Detector News A Quarterly Pest Update for WPDN First Detectors Spring 2015 edition, volume 8, number 2 In this Issue Page 1: Editor’s Note Dear First Detectors, Pages 2 – 3: Intro to Plant Plant viruses cause many important plant diseases and are Viruses responsible for huge losses in crop production and quality in Page 4: Virus nomenclature all parts of the world. Plant viruses can spread very quickly because many are vectored by insects such as aphids and Page 5 – Most Serious World Plant Viruses & Symptoms whitefly. They are a major pest of crop production as well as major pests of home gardens. By mid-summer many fields, Pages 6 – 7: Plant Virus vineyards, orchards, and gardens will see the effects of plant Vectors viruses. The focus of this edition is the origin, discovery, taxonomy, vectors, and the effects of virus infection in Pages 7 - 10: Grapevine plants. There is also a feature article on grapevine viruses. Viruses And, as usual, there are some pest updates from the West. Page 10: Pest Alerts On June 16 – 18, the WPDN is sponsoring the second Invasive Snail and Slug workshop at UC Davis. The workshop Contact us at the WPDN Regional will be recorded and will be posted on the WPDN and NPDN Center at UC Davis: home pages. Have a great summer and here’s hoping for Phone: 530 754 2255 rain! Email: [email protected] Web: https://wpdn.org Please find the NPDN family of newsletters at: Editor: Richard W. Hoenisch @Copyright Regents of the Newsletters University of California All Rights Reserved Western Plant Diagnostic Network News Plant Viruses 2 Ag, Manitoba Photo courtesy Photo Food, and Rural Initiatives and Food, of APS Photo by Giovanni Martelli, U of byBari Giovanni Photo Grapevine Fanleaf Virus Peanut leaf with Squash Mosaic Virus tomato spotted wilt virus Viruses are infectious pathogens that are too small to be seen with a light microscope, but despite their small size they can cause chaos.
    [Show full text]
  • British Poetry of the Long Nineteenth Century
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Zea E-Books Zea E-Books 12-1-2019 British Poetry of the Long Nineteenth Century Beverley Rilett University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/zeabook Part of the Literature in English, British Isles Commons Recommended Citation Rilett, Beverley, "British Poetry of the Long Nineteenth Century" (2019). Zea E-Books. 81. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/zeabook/81 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Zea E-Books at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Zea E-Books by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. British Poetry of the Long Nineteenth Century A Selection for College Students Edited by Beverley Park Rilett, PhD. CHARLOTTE SMITH WILLIAM BLAKE WILLIAM WORDSWORTH SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE GEORGE GORDON BYRON PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY JOHN KEATS ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING ALFRED TENNYSON ROBERT BROWNING EMILY BRONTË GEORGE ELIOT MATTHEW ARNOLD GEORGE MEREDITH DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI CHRISTINA ROSSETTI OSCAR WILDE MARY ELIZABETH COLERIDGE ZEA BOOKS LINCOLN, NEBRASKA ISBN 978-1-60962-163-6 DOI 10.32873/UNL.DC.ZEA.1096 British Poetry of the Long Nineteenth Century A Selection for College Students Edited by Beverley Park Rilett, PhD. University of Nebraska —Lincoln Zea Books Lincoln, Nebraska Collection, notes, preface, and biographical sketches copyright © 2017 by Beverly Park Rilett. All poetry and images reproduced in this volume are in the public domain. ISBN: 978-1-60962-163-6 doi 10.32873/unl.dc.zea.1096 Cover image: The Lady of Shalott by John William Waterhouse, 1888 Zea Books are published by the University of Nebraska–Lincoln Libraries.
    [Show full text]
  • Transverse02.Pdf
    The April 2004 Centre for Comparative Literature’s Graduate Student Colloquium was a great success in that it was able to synthesize divergent fields of study into a forum which not only encouraged dialogue, but encouraged a deeper understanding of various literary disciplines, as well. I am honoured to present several of those papers given at this recent colloquium in the second issue of Transverse. Stay tuned for a third isse of Transverse this coming winter which will focus on the visual interpretations of various artists (photographers, graphic designers, illustrators, painters...) in and around the University of To- ronto campus, and various other campuses in the city. Thank you for your continued support. Sincerely, Annarita Primier CONTENTS 1 Myth as Metaphor: The Reflection of the Sacred in the Secular in A River Sutra julie mehta 9 2 Hypertextual Jealousy –The Option of Non-linearity in Robbe-Grillet’s Novel martin zeilinger 19 3 The Sterility of the Individual Ontological Search Versus the Fecundity of the Relational Ontological Search in Saramago’s The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis irene marques 31 4 The Afterlife of the Berlin Wall: Monika Maron’s Life-writing on the Hyphen alma christova 44 5 COINCIDENTIA OPPOSITORUM in Der Steppenwolf pouneeh saeedi 54 6 The Zero Soul: Godot’s Waiting Selves in Dante’s Waiting Rooms ioana sion 63 7 A Synthetic Mind at Work: Eriugena’ Reinterpretation of Dionysius the Ps.-Areopagite in the 9th Century timothy budde 81 MYTH AS METAPHOR: THE REFLECTION OF THE SACRED IN THE SECULAR IN A RIVER SUTRA julie mehta (A River Sutra was on the list for the Booker Prize the same year Roddy Doyle got the booker for Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha and Salman Rushdie received the Booker of Bookers.
    [Show full text]
  • Myeloid and Tubular Epithelial Cells Shape Renal Innate Immunity
    Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 304: F1243–F1251, 2013. First published March 20, 2013; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00101.2013. Review Sisters in arms: myeloid and tubular epithelial cells shape renal innate immunity Takashi Hato, Tarek M. El-Achkar, and Pierre C. Dagher Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana Submitted 19 February 2013; accepted in final form 13 March 2013 Hato T, El-Achkar TM, Dagher PC. Sisters in arms: myeloid and tubular epithelial cells shape renal innate immunity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 304: F1243– F1251, 2013. First published March 20, 2013; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00101.2013.—The importance of innate immunity for survival is underscored by its presence at almost every level of the evolutionary tree of life. The task of “danger” recognition by the Downloaded from innate immune system is carried out by a broad class of pattern recognition receptors. These receptors are expressed in both hematopoietic and nonhematopoi- etic cells such as renal epithelial cells. Upon activation, pattern recognition receptors induce essentially two types of defensive responses: inflammation and phagocytosis. In this review, we highlight evidence that renal epithelial cells are endowed with such defensive capabilities and as such fully participate in renal innate immune responses. http://ajprenal.physiology.org/ epithelial cells; innate immunity; pattern recognition receptors; Toll-like receptor; endotoxin THE FUNDAMENTAL ROLE OF THE innate immune system is to primarily focus on the less explored “innate immune cells”, initiate a quick response immediately after detecting “danger i.e., renal epithelial cells. signals” in the setting of infection (nonself) or tissue injury (self).
    [Show full text]
  • Theory Revolution? Doubts About The
    Cutting Edge Commentary: A Copernican Revolution? Doubts About the Danger Theory This information is current as Russell E. Vance of September 29, 2021. J Immunol 2000; 165:1725-1728; ; doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.4.1725 http://www.jimmunol.org/content/165/4/1725 Downloaded from References This article cites 42 articles, 11 of which you can access for free at: http://www.jimmunol.org/content/165/4/1725.full#ref-list-1 Why The JI? Submit online. http://www.jimmunol.org/ • Rapid Reviews! 30 days* from submission to initial decision • No Triage! Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists • Fast Publication! 4 weeks from acceptance to publication *average by guest on September 29, 2021 Subscription Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription Permissions Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Email Alerts Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts The Journal of Immunology is published twice each month by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2000 by The American Association of Immunologists All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. ● Cutting Edge Commentary: A Copernican Revolution? Doubts About the Danger Theory1 Russell E. Vance2 What Is the Danger Theory? The immune system is often said to function by “self-nonself” Although the notion that the immune system has evolved to rec- discrimination. Recently, some have argued that it actually de- ognize (dangerous) pathogens is not new (15), recent discussions tects “danger” or “strangers.” There are problems with all of of “danger” have revolved around one particular characterization these points of view.
    [Show full text]
  • Excerpts from Popular Books by Jack London the Call of the Wild Chapter I
    Excerpts from Popular Books by Jack London The Call of the Wild Chapter I. Into the Primitive “Old longings nomadic leap, Chafing at custom’s chain; Again from its brumal sleep Wakens the ferine strain.” Buck did not read the newspapers, or he would have known that trouble was brewing, not alone for himself, but for every tide-water dog, strong of muscle and with warm, long hair, from Puget Sound to San Diego. Because men, groping in the Arctic darkness, had found a yellow metal, and because steamship and transportation companies were booming the find, thousands of men were rushing into the Northland. These men wanted dogs, and the dogs they wanted were heavy dogs, with strong muscles by which to toil, and furry coats to protect them from the frost. Figure 1: Jack London, 1905. Photo: Public White Fang Domain Chapter I—The Trail of the Meat Dark spruce forest frowned on either side the frozen waterway. The trees had been stripped by a recent wind of their white covering of frost, and they seemed to lean towards each other, black and ominous, in the fading light. A vast silence reigned over the land. The land itself was a desolation, lifeless, without movement, so lone and cold that the spirit of it was not even that of sadness. There was a hint in it of laughter, but of a laughter more terrible than any sadness—a laughter that was mirthless as the smile of the sphinx, a laughter cold as the frost and partaking of the grimness of infallibility.
    [Show full text]
  • The Emergence and Development of the Sentient Zombie: Zombie
    The Emergence and Development of the Sentient Zombie: Zombie Monstrosity in Postmodern and Posthuman Gothic Kelly Gardner Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy Division of Literature and Languages University of Stirling 31st October 2015 1 Abstract “If you’ve never woken up from a car accident to discover that your wife is dead and you’re an animated rotting corpse, then you probably won’t understand.” (S. G. Browne, Breathers: A Zombie’s Lament) The zombie narrative has seen an increasing trend towards the emergence of a zombie sentience. The intention of this thesis is to examine the cultural framework that has informed the contemporary figure of the zombie, with specific attention directed towards the role of the thinking, conscious or sentient zombie. This examination will include an exploration of the zombie’s folkloric origin, prior to the naming of the figure in 1819, as well as the Haitian appropriation and reproduction of the figure as a representation of Haitian identity. The destructive nature of the zombie, this thesis argues, sees itself intrinsically linked to the notion of apocalypse; however, through a consideration of Frank Kermode’s A Sense of an Ending, the second chapter of this thesis will propose that the zombie need not represent an apocalypse that brings devastation upon humanity, but rather one that functions to alter perceptions of ‘humanity’ itself. The third chapter of this thesis explores the use of the term “braaaaiiinnss” as the epitomised zombie voice in the figure’s development as an effective threat within zombie-themed videogames.
    [Show full text]
  • Thematic Connections Between Western and Zombie Fiction
    Hang 'Em High and Bury 'Em Deep: Thematic Connections between Western and Zombie Fiction MICHAEL NGUYEN Produced in Melissa Ringfield’s Spring 2012 ENC1102 Zombies first shambled onto the scene with the release of Night of the Living Dead, a low- budget Romero film about a group of people attempting to survive mysterious flesh-eating husks; from this archetypical work, Night ushered in an era of the zombie, which continues to expand into more mediums and works to this day. Romero's own Living Dead franchise saw a revival as recently as 2004, more than doubling its filmography by the release of 2009's Survival of the Dead. As a testament to the pervasiveness of the genre, Max Brooks' zombie preparedness satire The Zombie Survival Guide alone has spawned the graphic novel The Zombie Survival Guide: Recorded Attacks and the spinoff novel World War Z, the latter of which has led to a film adaptation. There have been numerous articles that capitalize on the popularity of zombies in order to use them as a nuanced metaphor; for example, the graduate thesis Zombies at Work: The Undead Face of Organizational Subjectivity used the post-colonial Haitian zombie mythos as the backdrop of its sociological analysis of the workplace. However, few, if any, have attempted to define the zombie-fiction genre in terms of its own conceptual prototype: the Western. While most would prefer to interpret zombie fiction from its horror/supernatural fiction roots, I believe that by viewing zombie fiction through the analytical lens of the Western, zombie works can be more holistically described, such that a series like The Walking Dead might not only be described as a “show about zombies,” but also as a show that is distinctly American dealing with distinctly American cultural artifacts.
    [Show full text]
  • Home Based Internship Certificate
    HOME BASED INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Dhanush R, Reg. No. AME 19012 of B.E - Marine Engineering, AMET University, Chennai has undergone with a Home Based Internship, titled “Influenza Virus” from 1st April 2020 to 28th April 2020 during the academic year 2019-2020 and has successfully completed his internship programme. Faculty In-charge Principal – DGS Courses INTERNSHIP AT HOME A Report On Internship In DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING By Name : Dhanush R Registration Number : AME19012 Year : 1ST Year Batch : BE(ME)-19 Group : 1 1 Influenza Virus SARS-CoV-2, a member of the family Coronaviridae A virus is a sub microscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants, and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898, more than 6,000 virus species have been described in detail, of the millions of types of viruses in the environment. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. The study of viruses is known as virology, a subspeciality of microbiology. When infected, a host cell is forced to rapidly produce thousands of identical copies of the original virus. When not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent particles, or virions, consisting of: (i) the genetic material, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • ENG 351 Lecture 8 1 Let's Look at Jack London. a Moose Didn't Fall On
    ENG 351 Lecture 8 1 Let’s look at Jack London. A moose didn’t fall on Jack London; he OD’d on morphine. Now, let’s talk about that, okay? ‘Cause they don’t tell you that in this book. He was 40 years old when he died and he wrote a lot. Shelves of Jack London. A friend of mine collects Jack London books and he has got one whole bookshelf practically full of it. I think the man wrote around 52 books in his short life, shortish life. In fact, a survey back in the early ‘90s of world readers, turns out that Jack London was the most popular American writer of them all. More popular than Mark Twain or Ernest Hemingway, or people that you would assume would be the most popular. And there are reasons for it. From the comments I heard in the hall when I came in here, it seemed like most everybody enjoyed these stories. I mean, they’re pretty gruesome and it’s man against nature and man against beast and man against himself, all the typical conflicts that we’re taught about when we learn to write. But it’s done in such a way that it’s very arresting. He was a Californian, born in San Francisco. His father was an itinerant astrologer. Now, you tell me what that is. I guess the guy goes from town to town, telling people’s charts. He left his mother when he found out she was pregnant with London. She married a man named London who legally adopted him, but London was never sure his entire life whether perhaps this man might’ve been his biological father, too.
    [Show full text]