INSIDE: AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION VOL. 29 NO. 7 JULY 2006 PA TIMES SPECIAL SECTION PROTECTING PEOPLE AND PROPERTY IN THE 21ST CENTURY PA TIMES Are We Doing Enough, Fast A Powerful Voice for Public Service . . . Enough? 3 29 Years • 1977-2006

It has been 32 years since Christopher D. Stone wrote his work “Should Trees Have Standing?” As we continue to struggle with 22 States Join National environmental degradation and resource depletion, the ownership, management and rights of nature and natural resources continues to be a highly charged issue.–Deniz Health Information Collaboration Leuenberger Protecting People and Parks: Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design 4 Agreements Pending with Additional 12 States, U.S. Territories

Crimes like theft, assaults, graffiti and vandalism represent serious Research Triangle Park, NC–RTI expected to sign agreements soon. clinical health information exchange, threats to the safety and positive International announced today that 22 states develop best practices and propose solutions The privacy and security project is a perceptions of the community. The have signed agreements to join a national to address identified challenges, and subsequent fear of crime itself can component of the U.S. Department of collaborative effort to address privacy and increase expertise about health information restrict people’s freedom of Health and Human Services' (HHS) strategy security policy questions affecting interoper- privacy and security protection in communi- movement and deter them from fully to identify variations in privacy and security participating in the community. able health information exchange. Twelve See COLLABORATION, pg. 2 –Steven N. Waller, Sr. additional states and U.S. territories are practices and laws affecting electronic International News 5 Insights on Strategic Mgmt. 6 Solutions for Public Managers 7 Former PAR Editor Commentary 8 Fourth of July Letters to the Editor 9 Larry Terry Dies Frederickson Perspective 11 on the National Mall Ethics Moment 12 Larry Terry, former editor of Where Things Stand 13 ASPA’s journal Public Administration Review, passed away June 17. Terry ASPA TIMES presided over ASPA’s journal during one of its most President’s Column: innovative and financially Stewardship: The Attitude that lucrative periods. Unites Us in Public Service? 16 See pages 17-18 of this These last months, we note the issue to read ASPA passing of friends and colleagues members’ tributes to Terry. who have been important to us in many ways. And, given the cycle of life, we will say goodbye to many others as time goes on. But we also have the opportunity to welcome new comers to the field and to America’s Image explore concepts new and old that inspire us in the field we love. –Wendy A. Haynes Theory vs. Practice 19 Slips Globally I have been an elected city council member for five months now and public domain photo everything still seems new to me. I Once again Washington, DC, will host Fourth of July fireworks on the National According to International have always been much more focused Mall, launched from the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool and lighting up the on state, national and international politics. Local issues always seemed sky over the Washington Monument . One of the most popular events of the Survey by Pew Trust so mundane and uninteresting. While year, the day also brings the annual Fourth of July Parade on Constitution they may be mundane–they are far Avenue along with the traditional live concert by the National Symphony from uninteresting. Orchestra and several pop artists performing patriotic music on the West Lawn Washington, DC–As President Bush made a surprise ASPA Commentary: of the U.S. Capitol Building. Point/Counter-Point 20-21 visit to Iraq, a new global survey showed the continuing toll the war has taken on America’s global image. The Section News 22 Above: 4th of July fireworks on the National Mall, view from the Martin Building United States’ global image has slipped again, even as Chapter News 23 (Federal Reserve). Americans and publics of U.S. allies express common concerns over Iran’s nuclear program and the Hamas Career Center 24-25 Party’s victory in Palestinian elections. And despite Know Your Code 26 growing worries over Iran’s nuclear ambitions, America’s presence in Iraq is cited at least as often as Recruiter 27 Fun Facts: Did you know: 150 million hot dogs (all varieties) are Iran–and in many countries much more often–as a Calendar of Events 28 expected to be consumed by Americans on this danger to world peace. holiday. (That’s one frankfurter for every two people.) The 15-Nation Pew Global Attitudes Survey, by the Pew The value of fireworks imported from China in 2005 was $201.9 million, Global Attitudes Project, conducted among nearly For more information on how to be PA TIMES representing the bulk of all U.S. fireworks imported ($211 million). U.S. 17,000 people in the United States and 14 other nations published in , please contact Christine Jewett McCrehin at exports of fireworks, by comparison, came to just $14.9 million in 2005, from March 31-May 14, finds: [email protected]. with Australia purchasing more than any other country ($4.4 million) See AMERICA’S IMAGE, pg. 2 PAGE 2 PA TIMES • JULY 2006 American Society for Public Administration Several States Paricipate in Health Information Network

From COLLABORATION, pg. 1 Wisconsin, West Virginia and Wyoming. security and privacy of health care informa- analyze solutions by fall 2006, completing tion vary considerably nationwide,” said the project by March 2007. At that time, Twelve additional states and U.S. territories Linda Dimitropoulos, RTI's project director. representatives from each region will ties. also have been invited to join the project. “This collaborative effort among experts discuss implementation plans that will States and territories selected to partici- The project, being managed by RTI in will help us work through the myriad allow electronic sharing of health pate are charged with bringing together a cooperation with the National Governors security and privacy issues so that policy information across states and territories. makers at the state and federal levels can broad range of stakeholders to develop Association under contract to HHS, is a The governors of all 55 U.S. states and begin to address the concerns that will consensus-based solutions to problematic public-private collaboration that seeks to territories were invited to submit proposals allow Americans to benefit from improved variations in privacy and security business reduce variations in business policies and to participate in the privacy and security sharing of health care information.” policies, practices and state laws. state laws related to the privacy and project. The subcontracts were awarded as security of health information. RTI is To make it possible to fund all proposals part of a competitive process based on an The participating states include: Alaska, working with the Agency for Healthcare with technical merit, the ONC will add evaluation of proposals against technical Arkansas, Colorado, Iowa, Illinois, Research and Quality and the Office of $5.73 million to the existing contract, and cost criteria and the ability to meet the Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maine, the National Coordinator for Health IT at bringing its total value to $17.23 million. requirements of the project. Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, North HHS (ONC). Carolina, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, The participating states and territories will Rhode Island, Utah, Washington, “Current policies and laws governing the finish state-level interim assessments and Survey Measures Global Attitudes

From AMERICA’S IMAGE, pg. 1 • Divisions between the West and Muslim nations are even wider in opinions of the Hamas Party’s victory in Palestinian • Positive views of the United States have elections. On balance, Americans and declined sharply in Spain (from 41 Western Europeans–except for the percent to 23 percent), India (71 percent British–feel the Hamas victory is bad for Want to subscribe to to 56 percent), and Turkey (23 percent to the Palestinian people. Muslim publics 12 percent). Even in Indonesia, where generally disagree. PA TIMES? U.S. tsunami aid helped lift America’s image in 2005, favorable opinions of the • Majorities in 10 of 14 foreign countries U.S. have fallen (from 38 percent to 30 surveyed say the war in Iraq has made percent). the world a more dangerous place. In Great Britain, 60 percent say the war has • Support for the U.S.-led war on terror, made the world more dangerous, with few exceptions, is either flat or has compared with 30 percent who say it has declined; confidence in President Bush has made the world safer. fallen ever lower in Europe; and majorities in most countries believe that the U.S. will • The bird flu disease has attracted not achieve its objectives in Iraq. overwhelming interest in every country surveyed. But for the most part, concerns • Americans and Western publics are over the bird flu are limited to Asia. increasingly concerned over Iran. Click on PAR/PA TIMES Nearly half of Americans (46 percent) • Global warming concerns are widespread view the current government in Iran as in India and Japan–roughly two-thirds www.aspanet.org a “great danger” to stability in the in each country say they worry a great Middle East and to world peace, up deal about global warming. But in the U.S. from 26 percent in 2003. In Germany, and China, only about one-in-five say they Spain, France and Great Britain, the worry a great deal about global . percentage of people who see Iran as a great danger has roughly tripled For more information visit the Pew Global compared with three years ago. But Attitudes Project website at Muslim publics are far less alarmed by http://pewglobal.org/. Iran and its nuclear program. PA TIMES PA TIMES AdvertisePA TIMES in Advertising: features several advertising avenues: Display Advertising is available to announce conferences, educational programs, publications, products, etc. and The Recruiter lists employment Volume 29, Number 7 Editor-in-Chief: Antoinette Samuel, ASPA Executive Director opportunities. ASPA reserves the right to edit text to conform with the layout and design of this newspaper. 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Deniz Leuenberger changes we want to implement in public as public administrators. of importance. Because of the severity administration and are those changes of many of our environmental problems, The following suggestions are part of the coming quickly enough to make a differ- it is important to encourage small steps It has been 32 years since Christopher D. on-going dialogue on how to better ence? Certainly there is no shortage of as a precursor to bigger ones. Stone wrote his work “Should Trees Have address environmental issues within the Standing?” As we continue to struggle environmental issues to tackle in public administration. practice of public administration. • Include Public, Non-Profit and For-Profit with environmental degradation and Sustainable environmental planning needs Stakeholders in Decisionmaking–When resource depletion, the ownership, We struggle with global warming, to include–but move beyond–individual the problems we face become severe management and rights of nature and pollution, biodiversity depletion, oil and property rights. enough, we can’t afford to exclude natural resources continues to be a highly water shortages, deforestation, soil contributing players in environmental • charged issue. erosion, nuclear and solid waste, and food Integrate Sustainability into engagement. Planning–Many departmental and The current administration of environment scarcity all across the globe. We have tried to manage our resources and have agency plans add environmental and The long-run interest of private and is embedded in private property rights sustainability goals as part of a strategic public entities may be similar; it is the protection, market-based economic attempted technological, economic, and social intervention and have had many plan or create a separate plan for short-run we argue over. Certainly, long- correction for resource scarcities, legal sustainability. Viable sustainability term and complete depletion of environ- failures and some successes. standing based on human impacts, and planning needs to be integrated within mental resources, of biodiversity, and assignment of property rights based on Disasters such as Chernobyl and every objective and goal of the agency human quality of life is not preferable to regulation of externalities. Hurricane Katrina grab our attention, as plan. Resources allocated to each sustaining strong economic, social, and Current policies, plans, and action have not they should, but the large-scale disasters objective must consider long-run and environmental systems. we face are symptoms of slow moving short-run environmental impacts. done enough to protect the environment or • Invest in Public Sponsored environmental degradation. Salmon, blue Resource and sustainability planning people. They have protected individual Research–Because the cost of transform- property rights in the short-run, while fin tuna and thousands of other animals cannot occur in isolation of other slowly move toward extinction, the 2.5 planning functions. ing local plans into sustainable ones is placing right holders in greater jeopardy in very high, government can play a signifi- percent of the world’s water that is non- the long-run. Farm land without accessible • Involve the Citizens–Because time and cant role in reducing the transaction costs and affordable water, the logging industry salienated becomes increasingly undrink- able, agricultural seed increasingly loses place knowledge is so critical to more of environmental planning through public without trees, and the fishing industry efficient and effective management of sponsored research. Governments can without fish are examples. its diversity, fertile land becomes deserti- fied, air becomes harder to breathe, and resources, citizens must be engaged in assist in providing education and informa- The role of public administrators in resources for transportation and heating planning their own environmental tion and reducing the cost of translating knowledge to local environments. planning, managing, and allocating our homes disappear. solutions. Public administrators can assist citizens by providing the forums and the resources is increasingly promoted by Public administration and the global Even sustainable development and smart technical/scientific knowledge to make sustainability, smart growth, and sustain- community are increasingly focused on the growth planning may not be enough to turn better informed decisions. Public able development movements. Is the state of the environment and solutions for us in the right direction because they are administrators may also serve in the role increased emphasis on environment and improved resource management. Much of often implemented outside of the organiza- of mediator and help citizens to design ecology truly promoting the type of the history of environmentalism has been tion’s larger planning system and without creative solutions with the unique charac- focused on the protection of individual consideration of impact on external organi- teristics of the local environment in mind. property rights and human impact. zations, resources, peoples, animals, ecosystems, societies, and networks. • Consider Issues Using a Systems Approach–Many planning approaches do With continued emphasis on systems The In acknowledging all there is to do, it not consider the impact of resource approaches, inclusion of stakeholders, and is easy to feel helpless and apathetic. decisions on other systems. Viable comprehensive planning, perhaps we can AUGUST Many of us and many of our citizens do. sustainability planning requires consider- come to understand that our individual, The role of public administration, ation of the relationship social, economic, environmental, and community interests however, in helping resolve these issues is political, and environmental systems. do not need to be in conflict. These are PA TIMES significant and we can make a difference big problems we are facing, problems that • Encourage Small Steps as Well as Big may take all of us to solve. Ones–Often individual stakeholders are ASPA member Deniz Leuenberger is an special section discouraged from making positive assistant professor at Bridgewater State environmental impact because they feel College in Bridgewater, MA. that their contribution is too small to be is titled: E-mail: [email protected]

Emergency Would you like to Public performance starts here.* Management One submit an article to Performance and Productivity in PA TIMES? Public and Nonprofit Organizations Year After Katrina Second Edition Evan M. Berman “Should be required reading for everyone who demands or There is still space implements public sector performance. … This book is the best investment a public sector stakeholder can make. Public available for advertising performance starts here.” and articles. – Marc Holzer, Rutgers University, Newark Campus* E-mail “Students appreciate its comprehensive coverage, scholarly insights, Deadline for both is engaging styles and concrete examples. Practitioners praise the clear July 22, 2006 [email protected] and effective ways it tackles difficult change management issues.” – Jonathan P. West, University of Miami Contact: for submission 240 pages 0-7656-1607-6 Cloth $69.95 / 1608-4 Paper $29.95 [email protected] guidelines M.E. Sharpe Call: 800-541-6563 or 914-273-1800 Fax: 914-273-2106 Online at www.mesharpe.com AD612T PAGE 4 PA TIMES • JULY 2006 American Society for Public Administration Protecting People and Property in the 21st Century SPECIAL SECTION Protecting People and Parks: Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

Steven N. Waller, Sr. for one area may be completely inappropri- planners, design professionals and crime active streets can make users more ate in another area. For example raising the prevention practitioners that illustrates how observable by others. I recently viewed back-to-back episodes crown of a tree in one area may open up to incorporate planning, design and • If parks are used at night, provide good of NBC’s Law and Order: SVU in which the field of vision in a trail, but in another management practices into the community lighting for areas that can be safely used the crime scene was an urban park or area it could kill the tree. A remedy for the development process to reduce the at night. green spaces. A corpse found in a wooded latter area would involve diverting the trail opportunity for crimes and terrorism. The area adjacent to a paved running path; and instead of trimming the tree. Therefore, VCPA CPTED guidelines are endorsed by • Position benches in areas where detectives interviewing a victim of a CPTED is site and situation specific. the Virginia Chapter of the American intended users will be able to provide Planning Association and the Virginia Natural Surveillance and demonstrate brutal assault while on a leisurely evening Effective CPTED rests on the following run were the focal points of the episodes. Main Street Program. territoriality. Benches offer periodic foundational principles: resting for trail and open space users. Crime in urban parks is frequently Natural Surveillance: This is keeping the Toward the end of designing against crime, glamorized in the mass media to the environment maintained so that people the VCPA-CPTED guidelines suggest the Natural Access Control detriment of the local governmental unit. can be easily seen by other users, staff following design practices for municipally • Gate off vehicular entrances when parks Serious crimes against persons and and anyone who may pass by the park, operated parks, trails and open space: are closed. trail or playgrounds. Surveillance or the properties generate considerable fear Natural Surveillance • Provide clearly visible entries to park placing of “eyes on the street” increases within the community. buildings. Light them if used at night. the perceived risk to potential offenders. • Locate parking lots, picnic areas, Crimes like theft, assaults, graffiti and trailheads and facilities used at night • Provide a clear distance of at least 10 vandalism represent serious threats to the Natural Access Control: You want natural near streets and other activity centers so feet between the trails and wood-lines to safety and positive perceptions of the access ingress and egress controlled by they are easily observable by police offer sight lines and distance from community. The subsequent fear of crime some the means, such as a fence or a flower patrols and other park users. potential attacks. itself can restrict people’s freedom of bed. In other cases, a hedge or a path could movement and deter them from fully work. The important thing is that something • Locate children’s areas and public • Provide a clear separation between participating in the community. should signal “walk here” and “do not restrooms near staffed areas to make regional trails and private property. The walk” there. Therefore, a person in a observation of these areas easier. separation should permit leaving the trail Re-Thinking Crime Prevention in an emergency. and Parks walking area should not look out of place. • Positioning some bike trails and walking paths near areas of park activity or at • If a particularly attractive portion of the Meaningful crime prevention mandates Territoriality: Territorial reinforcement is places where parks meet commercial or new and creative ways of thinking. used to distinguish public and private See ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN, pg. 9 residential uses, or pairing them with Historically, the community has turned to spaces. This can be done by a number of park and recreation administrators, law means, including signage, flower beds and enforcement officials and the judicial mowing. The idea is to show that someone system to protect them by deterring owns and cares about this space. A space criminals and punishing offenders. that is not used for legitimate park The Graduate THE STATE UNIVERISTY OF NEW JERSEY Proponents of Crime Prevention Through entertainment can quickly be used for some Department of Environmental Design (CPTED) posit that illegitimate, illegal or unwanted activity. local government officials, working in Maintenance: Parks administrators and RUTGERSNEWARK tandem with the community, can play a residents should only build what they can greater role in protecting the community maintain. Without timely and proper UBLIC from crime by integrating CPTED design P maintenance, a public area is inviting principles and concepts into the design and criminal behavior. management of parks and green spaces. DMINISTRATION CPTED works best when it is not A pubadmin.newark.rutgers.edu Assessing the impact of crime in parks intrusive. A safety design strategy works and green spaces must be an on-going when it is convenient for the citizen. The Ph.D. Program - Newark Designed to train prospective faculty, researchers, and public leaders activity for government administrators Citizens establish territoriality over crime and researchers. Parks and green spaces by being present in an area and making Nationally recognized faculty * Highly diverse student body provide a number of design challenges for u their presence known. Crime takes over d 48 credits of course work beyond the Masters personal safety, as they are typically large e an area is when it gains territoriality . s

and used by a variety of people. Research r through graffiti or other means. The On-Campus MPA - Newark and anecdotal evidence suggest that “it e

g 42 credit hour program * General and specialized tracks takes more than police to police parks.” Through collaborative planning efforts, t u NASPAA accredited * Evening Classes at Newark campus r

several communities across the nation have .

Setting higher design and maintenance k Courses relevant for public, non-profit and health care sectors successfully implemented CPTED. r standards for parks and green spaces will a Rolling application process: apply for admission anytime Sarasota and Gainesville, FL; Tempe, AZ.; provide both regenerative, attractive, w Knoxville, TN; Houston, TX; Cincinnati, e natural-looking areas while maintaining n The Executive MPA - Trenton Area OH; Gainesville, FL.; and Henrico County, . n Prepares managers for executive leadership safety and peace of mind for the public. i Lynchburg, Richmond and Virginia Beach,

Implementation of CTPED is the m Two and one-half year program * One-week summer residency

VA., have documented the successful d appropriate point of departure to meet the Students study with other experienced professionals utilization CPTED principles in their a aforementioned objective. b Advanced standing for significant work experience

communities. CPTED principles have been u Principles of the CPTED Design Model put to use by parks and recreation, p Certificate Programs C. Ray Jeffreys in his book Crime planning, law enforcement and community Performance Measurement (on-line) * Non-Profit Management Prevention Through Environmental development professionals throughout Public Management * Urban Education Leadership Design defines CPTED as the “proper North America for years and are now design and effective use of the built utilized on a global basis. environment that can lead to a reduction Department Journals in the fear and the incidence of crime and Virginia CPTED Model for Parks, Nationally Ranked Public Performance and Management an improvement in the quality of life.” Trails and Open Space 11th Review (PPMR) Joel McCormick in his article “Designing The Virginia Crime Prevention Association Public Management/Administration Against Crime” contends, “CPTED CPTED Committee (VCPA-CPTED) is 16th Chinese Public Administration Review principles provide park users a comfort- one of the forerunners in enabling City Management and Urban Policy ing, safe feeling while discouraging communities to successfully implement 26th Public Voices potential criminals, therefore reducing CPTED for parks, trails and open space. Public Affairs crime proactively and unobtrusively.” Their award winning publication CPTED 28th Journal of Public Management and Guidelines–Safety by Design: Creating a Public Finance and Budgeting CPTED is not a checklist, nor is it a Safer Environment in Virginia is a useful Social Policy (Beginning 2006) panacea for all situations. Good CPTED tool for park and recreation administrators, American Society for Public Administration PA TIMES • JULY 2006 PAGE 5 International Commentary African Underdevelopment: From Policy Failure to We feel your pain. Policy Failure

Moye Godwin Bongyu systems that can withstand exploitation. The stagnation in Africa therefore is largely The African administrators have stumbled due to misgovernment or crisis of from crises to another and have become governance. As Hugh L. Keenleyside permanent crises managers. First by (H.L.), Director General of the United themselves and second with the help of the Nations Technical Assistance international community, with few Administration prophesized in 1952, “of all exceptions, there have been generalized the characteristics of national underdevelop- and regular policy failures. ment, administrative inadequacy is the most After independence, the African continent prevalent, the most difficult to overcome witnessed spectacular and unprecedented and the least likely to be recognized, to be rate of economic growth which was to admitted by government authorities.” And blindfold the African administrations of the this administration, determines the turn of task before them. events in the whole system. According to the World Bank Research Mismanagement can be demonstrated by Policy report (1994), paradoxically irrational policies, misinvestments, weak “economic growth shocks were just as private sector, misplacement of priorities, costly as stagnation.” This led to irrational misallocation of resources, exorbitant loan agreements, misinvestments and privileges of the elites, excessive corrup- rising expectations. Consequently, the tion, anarchical recruitment, capital flight, euphoria of “independence honeymoon” brain drain and generalized poverty. quickly dissipated with a gradual end to These underdeveloped administrations have the “eldorados.” also been inflexible and unresponsive, The development was not real, it was an consequently have become obsolete. The illusion. The truth is, nearly all African African administrators procrastinated economies are not progressing they have actions, resisted change and this led to the been regressing. One witnesses a situation aggravation of administrative problems. For generally known as “development of quite a long time, African administrations At CPS, we understand the underdevelopment". Africa has been have been pilling demands without attempt- challenges of public agencies. sinking, drowning and becoming less and ing to foresee or respond to them. The That’s because we’re a public less important to the global economy. opinion that Africans do not care to foresee agency, too. But we’re also During the 20th summit of the O.A.U. in a “breakdown”, but only attempt to repair a self-supporting, so we recognize 1984, it was concluded that Africa was in “machine” when it is difficult to repair or your need for innovative, yet an "all-round disaster." In contradiction, beyond repairs has some germs of truth. practical results. other developing continents especially Asia Because of these, the African administra- are presenting startling success. tions became plethoric, costly, and indeed We know your work environment Yet the problem of Africa is not the lack of ruinous. With generalized failure the and provide recommendations resources. If the information from "Institut ineffective and inefficient politico-adminis- and human resource services Universitaire de Haute Etudes de trative structures remained in place with that work in the real world. Our Geneve"(1986) is anything to go by, Africa continuous preaching of "independence" "national unity", "anti-imperialism "social- experienced professionals have possessed 70 percentof world cocoa, 50 percentof palm oil, 30 percentof coffee, 97 ism" "self-reliance" "social justice" "peace" the best mix of private and public percentof platinum, 65 percentof etc, but all these were/are strategies or sector knowledge. As a result, you manganese, 25 percenturanium, 13 percent- slogans which hide failure and ensure the get more effective resolutions copper, 60 percentgold etc. continuous exploitation of the masses. to the unique issues you face. But, due to bad policies, these resources are When the African public administrators not well managed. There is a vicious circle became entangled by a series of patholo- Simply put, no other human of stagnation of industry, growth of public gies, they were obliged to reform. This was resource provider can offer sector, rural exodus, debts etc which has due to internal crises and above all the this perspective and ease not transformed spontaneously to a World Bank Group intervention which your burden like CPS. virtuous circle as hoped. On the contrary, imposed reforms as condition for further new negative feedbacks appear notably aid. The independence of the African For more information on environmental degradation and over- countries was mortgaged as a price of or CPS Human Resource Services, exploitation of exhaustible resources. Giri sanction for more than thirty years of visit cps.ca.gov/pa or call Jaques comments and rightly too that the mismanagement. 1-800-822-4277. quasi-totality of Africa has "broken down". This led to the imposition of conditionali- There are three theories that attempt to ties by these international institutions under explain this turn of events: evolutionary, the structural adjustment programs (SAPs) dependency and policy failure. in the 1990s and later the introduction of the poverty reduction strategy papers The evolutionary theory states that (PRSP) and the Highly Indebted Poor development is a process and the states Countries (HIPC) Initiative. These reforms have to evolve gradually from tradition to have been focusing on the training of state modernity. But through policy, the employees, administrative decentralization, Japanese have demonstrated that there are political and public commitment, poverty possible shortcuts to development. alleviation, downsizing of public services HR Consulting and Management • Employment Testing and Assessment The dependency theory holds that the and anti-corruption. African problems were created by Executive Search • Certification and Licensing Programs But generally, the administrative reforms colonialism and accentuated by neo- Applicant Tracking Software colonialism. But it is the responsibility of have their own limitations and problems. In the policy makers to create self-reliant See AFRICA, pg. 8

PainAd_PATimes_BW_islnd.indd 1 4/21/06 5:01:36 PM PAGE 6 PA TIMES • JULY 2006 American Society for Public Administration

INSIGHTS ONSTRATEGIC MANAGEMENT by CHRISTINE GIBBS SPRINGER Strategic Reconstruction of Silos

The concept of “silos” has become These are called defining process need not take more a delicate balance between predicting synonymous with the red tape that objectives because they are than ten minutes. what is going to happen over the long separates work teams, departments and the building blocks that serve First, go around the table term and responding to unexpected divisions. Silos are nothing more than to clarify exactly what is and give every member of circumstances along the way. This call for barriers that surface between departments meant by the WEGETIT goal. the team thirty seconds to a planning approach provides the right within an organization and agencies Typically, objectives are report on his or her three amount of context without imposing within a governmental unit, causing composed of three elements. top priorities for the unnecessary restrictions. people who are supposed to be on the They are qualitative, shared coming period. Then, The WEGETIT goal provides that context same team to work against one another. and time bound. It is always review the team scorecard because it exists within the framework of Whether this phenomenon is called tempting for leaders to want to which is nothing more than six to twelve months which is a time departmental politics, divisional rivalry or over-quantify defining a to-be-graded list of items horizon that can be managed. turf warfare, it is one of the most frustrat- objectives or to define them in a way that that make up the defining object and the Organizations find that their plans become ing aspects of working in any sizable meets a funder’s expectations because that standard operating objectives rating the irrelevant or stale after twelve months and organization. In most situations, silos are provides the leaders with a sense of closure objectives by color–red, yellow or shorter-term goals don’t provide enough not created intentionally but rather due to and certainty. green–based upon the judgment of the time for people to address something leaders failing to provide themselves and leadership team. difficult and feel a sense of success. This However, assigning numbers and dates to their team with a compelling context for does not mean that weekly metrics are the objectives only serves to limit the Once the ratings are done, team members working together. completely abandoned but it does mean involvement of leadership team members decide where to spend their time and that those metrics are reported on within Without that context, employees at all who cannot see how they might directly energy. This is the time when someone on the context of the WEGETIT goal. levels loose their way. Even the most well- impact a numerical target. Even when the the team who is planning to spend time on meaning, intelligent people get distracted objective seems to be geared to one an unimportant issue to the WEGETIT When the WEGETIT goal is clearly and confused as they are pulled in different member of the team, it is critical that all goal or on an area that is already doing established and communicated, all directions without a compass. Over time team members assume a very real sense well is challenged by the team. This kind employees should be able to look up from this confusion turns into disappointment, of accountability and responsibility for of peer accountability about how team their work at any given time and see how resentment and resistance. achieving it by exploring every angle and members are prioritizing their precious they are contributing to an outcome that is Tearing down those silos and building a avoiding every distraction because often time and resources is key to an organiza- far enough away to give them the ability cohesive leadership team requires strate- the best approaches about how an issue tion’s ability to focus on the WEGETIT to succeed but not so far away that they gic management through the establish- can be dealt with come from people not goal and to strategically tear down silos cannot imagine ever being finished. More ment of WEGETIT goals, defining closely involved in that issue. so as to reconstruct strategically success- importantly, they GET IT as to how they ful organizations. fit and what success truly means. objectives, standard operating objectives It is critical to acknowledge the existence and then tracking success with metrics or of other key objectives that the leadership When a WEGETIT goal runs its course ASPA member Christine Gibbs completion dates. team must focus on and monitor. These and is largely accomplished, the organiza- Springer is principal with Red Tape A WEGETIT goal is not a long term are the regular, ongoing objectives that tion must come up with another and then Limited in Las Vegas, NV, and a former vision or a big, hairy, audacious goal but don’t go away from period to period. another. Successful organizations achieve ASPA president. Email: [email protected] it is a single, qualitative focus that is Standard operating objectives include shared by the entire leadership team and topics such as revenue and expenses as ultimately, by the entire organization well as other items such as community which applies to a specified period of involvement, client satisfaction, produc- time–usually six months to a year. tivity, quality processes. M.E. Sharpe While it is important that organizations The danger for an organization lies in Now published by have both a vision to motivate people and mistaking these operating objectives for a a set of tactical objectives to guide daily rallying cry because most employees activities, the WEGETIT goal lies struggle to rally around “making the somewhere in between and is more numbers” or “cutting costs” or “cutting Public Performance important because it bridges the two by red tape.” That’s not to say that the making the vision doable and by giving WEGETIT goal cannot involve one of & Management Review tactical objectives greater context. these categories. It is to say that leaders Key elements of a WEGETIT goal are should resist the temptation to only focus Editor-in-Chief: Marc Holzer that it be a single and compelling goal, on numbers because using operating Managing Editor: Evan Berman that it be qualitative not quantitative, that objectives as rallying cries too often provoke cynicism and lethargy among it be time bound and that it be shared by Public Performance & Management Review is a scholarly the entire leadership team, regardless of team members. Calling revenue a their expertise or interest. standard operating objective should forum that addresses a broad range of factors influencing diminish the importance of achieving it. the performance of public and non-profit organizations and As an example, a two-year-old nonprofit that provides social services in a growing Once the WEGETIT goal, defining agencies. Its objectives are to facilitate the development of community doubles its budget and service objectives and standard operating innovative techniques and encourage a wider application of load due to a government grant and objectives have been established, a leader- those already established; stimulate research and critical another agency in the community going ship team can now start talking about thinking about the relationship between public and private measurement. Without these three other out of business. Its WEGETIT goal management theories; present integrated analyses of theories, becomes: establish an infrastructure for areas, metrics have little or not context continued growth; defining objectives and team members, including executives, concepts, strategies and techniques dealing with productivity, become: install a more scalable and will not be nearly as motivated for hitting measurement and related questions of performance improvement; comprehensive accounting system, those metrics as they could be. and provide a forum for practitioner-scholar exchange. upgrade client tracking system, establish Metrics are not always quantifiable policies and procedures for human numbers. Often, they are dates by which a Published in association with ASPA’S Section on Public resource management and hiring, hire an given activity will be completed. Trying Performance and Management and the National Center for administrative assistant and a volunteer to artificially assign specific numbers to coordinator. Its timeframe becomes: six immeasurable activities is unwise because Public Productivity (Rutgers University-Newark Campus) months. Its standard operating objectives it encourages the achievement of arbitrary Available online to institutional subscribers! become: make revenue numbers, maintain outcomes that may or may not contribute cash flow, retain key stakeholders and to the WEGETIT goal. donors, develop and roll out a volunteer ISSN 1530-9576 • 4 issues per year Managing and organizing around the U.S. Individual Rate: $85.00 U.S. Institutional Rate: $399.00 support program, achieve positive assess- Foreign Individual Rate: $101.00 Foreign Institutional Rate: $431.00 ments from government analysts, and get WEGETIT goal requires keeping informa- positive public relations hits. tion about how it is going alive in the course of running the organization. The M.E. Sharpe Defining objectives provide the place where it is often reviewed and WEGETIT goal with actionable context discussed is during regular staff and team TO ORDER: Call 800-541-6563 or 914-273-1800 • Fax 914-273-2106 so that members of the team know what meetings. There are two steps that help to www.mesharpe.com must be done to accomplish the goal. establish a real-time agenda and the AJ513E American Society for Public Administration PA TIMES • JULY 2006 PAGE 7 Solutions for Public Managers 12 Tips For Collaborative Leaders

Seth Kahan conclusion the group of five had everyone involved in making success a Take the time to understand the world from established itself as the shepherds of the reality. Here are twelve tips I can offer to their perspective and show them how In 1996 five people in a large, multi- fledgling initiative. leaders who have made the commitment things really work. You will cultivate national organization, had a radical idea The effort made rapid progress over the to run a collaborative organization. loyalty and understanding as well as for refocusing the core business. As a first next two years, from an unfunded idea to a 1. Leverage Social Networks–When deepen their appreciation of your efforts. step they brought together the 60 people worldwide program with $60 million in people come together to learn they form 8. Make it easy for people to speak they considered critical to success. The annual resource allocation. Engendering communities. These social networks exist up–Leaders speak up, and they often goal: the group of five wanted to become collaboration throughout the organization both on and off the org-chart. They are forget that it can take great courage the de facto owners of the implied change played a pivotal role for the success of the dynamic, in constant flux, coalescing and simply for another person to open their initiative, garnering the support of initiative. I was a member of the group of dissipating based on interest, resources mouth and speak their mind. Yet, without everyone in attendance. The biggest five, and I learned first-hand how creating and need. Communities are learning in honest concerns being voiced, leaders lack obstacle: many of the 60 had competing, collaboration can work miracles, engaging action. Collaborative leaders seek them the feedback they need to be successful. even hostile, agendas and there was a people in the hard work of positive change. out, listen to their interests, work with Cheer people on when they make a move complete lack of unifying vision. After Leaders today are faced with a paradigm them face-to-face, and optimize their to contribute. Acknowledge their capacity everyone had filed in, the quiet, emotional capacity to contribute. to contribute, and appreciate their effort tension in the room was palpable. shift: moving from the old style of command-and-control leadership to the 2. Learn to tell stories–If you want people even if the views they bring seem counter Just after welcoming everyone and stating new, collaborative approach. Until to remember your ideas and be inspired to to what you are trying to do. Welcoming the topic at hand, each person was asked recently executives were solely responsi- act, tell them stories. I was speaking with people’s input can change minds, win tell the story of how they came to be in ble for crafting their organization's Harvard Business School expert on organi- support and open doors. the room. Any kind of story would do, as mission, strategy, and objectives. As zational change, John Kotter. He said to 9. Turn your staff members into long as it was true. People could play it directives they rolled down from on high, me, “I am often approached by former leaders–Provide them with the best safe and describe how they got up that throughout the organization where the students or people who have seen me opportunities to learn. Bring in thought- morning and made it from the metro to workers were expected only to execute. speak. When this happens I make a habit of leaders to challenge their thinking. When work, or they could put some of their asking, ‘What do you remember about that all people in the system are engaged, each cards on the table, drawing the connection Today a different type of leadership is being called for. This new leadership session?’ It’s amazing how often it is a staff member must be as skilled as between their career and this meeting’s story as opposed to anything that is possible. This means developing a leader- importance. Within minutes there was a requires a leadership skill set that can activate participation, releasing the conceptual or numerical.” ship culture in your organization which. dramatic change in the atmosphere the Use training, learning, reflection, and room. The tone became rambunctious and knowledge, experience and contribution 3. Express appreciation to all stakehold- of every person to inform and support ers–First know who your stakeholders provide regular opportunities for personal fun-filled as people took successive trips and collective excellence. down memory lane. Others chimed in to goals. To sum up this culture shift: it is are: everyone who is part of your future. add their two cents. By the time the the move from command-and-control to If you have a dream, it will take a myriad 10. Leverage your managers–Middle exercise was over, just 30 minutes later, connect-and-collaborate. of relationships to bring it into the world. management is often caught between the tone of the room had been It is a difficult transition. Many leaders Each of the people involved in bringing worlds, trying to appease their supervisors transformed, from tension and quiet to work hard to improve their collaborative your dream to life is a stakeholder, and align their subordinates. They are the enthusiasm and laughter. The hard work competencies. I have worked closely with whether or not they are a beneficiary, unsung heroes in today’s organization. had been done. CEOs and executives in world-class, client or member. Stakeholders can Invest in management, with both resources public-sector organizations and associa- include policy makers, researchers, and your time. Teach them how to engage Next each person was asked to describe students and faculty, families, vendors, staff members and business partners. their ideal future for the organization. The tions, helping them build the skills that produce increased engagement of their partners, even competitors. Know how 11. Give staff members the chance to details of these “future stories” were they will impact your future, and let them captured on flipcharts. At the meeting’s staff and key stakeholders. I help them get reflect together–Time can be set aside know you appreciate their contribution. during meetings in which people reflect 4. Use social activities effectively.–All through writing rather than thinking. Ask leaders benefit by interacting with people to meet in small groups and think stakeholders in gracious and accommodat- together. Reflection is a critical part of the LOOKING FOR USEFUL INFORMATION ing formats. Some of the most important learning process that is often overlooked. transactions take place over meals, coffee, Many leaders want to pack in as much and in the presence of entertainment. information as possible, so that people ON PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT When you meet with your partners in a will feel full with information. A short social environment, you set the stage for reflective experience provides the AND MANAGING FOR RESULTS? an added dimension of interaction. necessary leverage to turn information 5. Make business-casual your modus into useful applications, or “takeaways.” operandi–Of course, there are times that 12. Highlight magic moments–When a CAP HAS WHAT YOU NEED! mandate formal attire. But, they are far powerful moment transpires, be prepared to ASPA’s Center for Accountability and Performance fewer than they once were. In today’s draw everyone’s attention to it. If your world combining serious intentions project is well-programmed, it is easy to be Meeting the Challenges of Performance-Oriented Government (business) with informal rapport (casual) carried along by the pace and run right brings together the experience and insights of practitioners and is the magic combination for building over a noteworthy incident. Yet, this is a academics who are active participants in performance measure- rapport and getting wok done. golden opportunity for transformation to be ment initiatives at all levels of government and in the nonprofit 6. Consistently and repeatedly cultivated. It should not be overlooked. It sector. This volume addresses the opportunities and challenges communicate the context for major can be simple as a short word or two in a that managers, elected officials and citizens face as governments decisions–Help people understand where public setting, or an email devoted to and nonprofits focus more on performance measurement and you are coming from, why you are doing acknowledging a unique contribution, an reporting. what you are doing, and where you are exceptional act of teamwork, or an external going. Be infinitely patient with their achievement. Your attention means a great Ordering Information: questions, and work hard to make sense in deal to the people who are following you. Copies are $25 each and may be ordered on-line through the ASPA their world. Communication is the key Use it to bless their good intentions and store or by contacting [email protected] or www.aspanet.org. behind collaboration. When people are sincere efforts. You will be rewarded with Minimal shipping and handling charges also apply. provided with what they want and need to contribution and understanding. know, they will engage with you on the Executives, managers and change agents S PECIAL O FFER! terms of the change you propose. Then recognize collaboration and engagement their contributions will assist you in as powerful ways to demonstrate leader- First published in 1998, Performance Measurement Concepts and Techniques brings together creating success, even if they are detrac- ship, effective change management, and the experience of some of the country’s top performance measurement consultants and tors. Once people are speaking to you in quality communication. Use these twelve trainers in a workbook especially designed for MPA classroom instructors, workshop terms of your efforts, they are providing techniques to bring collaboration to life. trainers, and managers who manage for results. Copies are $15 each; orders of 12 or more valuable information which can be used to Seth Kahan is an executive collaboration are only $9 per copy. move things forward. specialist and speaker. He is the author of 7. Bring key stakeholders inside–Create Building Beehives: Creating Communities Order both Meeting the Challenges of Performance-Oriented Government and Performance opportunities for the people who matter the that Generate Returns. More information Measurement Concepts and Techniques for $37, a savings of $3 off the individual prices. most to meet you and the people of your can be found at www.SethKahan.com. organization. Make them feel welcome. E-mail: [email protected] PAGE 8 PA TIMES • JULY 2006 American Society for Public Administration Commentary Managing for Results: Neotaylorism Doesn’t Fit

Frederick Thayer for the award of pay increases or results) and its connections with the understood that SES members would “bonuses” to civilian superiors. historical concepts of mission perform- compete with each other to retain their I emphasize at the outset that this is not The two gigantic challenges of the recent ance that are almost exclusively linked status, some of them ultimately to be an attack on Frederick W. Taylor, but only moment are the management of the Iraq with pure efficiency. demoted or otherwise punished for the elaboration of a connection between War and the handling of the flooding TQM, for example, began on shop floors disagreeing with their political supervi- Taylorism and what members of the disasters in Louisiana and Mississippi, and assembly lines, and its transfer to sors. Over time, this practice has public administration community have especially New Orleans, a city last higher levels of management proved an increased again and again, and lists of the been led to believe that “Managing for flooded in 1927, an almost forgotten elusive target. This larger pattern is also victims often appear in the print media. Results,” or MR, is really about. historical event. exemplified by the long-term necessity to “Earmarked” Appropriations As a management creature turned loose in Such infrequent events simply do not lend link corporate programs in “organizational The enforced decline of professional the public sector by our brethren in the themselves to Taylorism, the “productiv- development and change” to precise influence has led to a huge expansion in private sector, MR promises something ity” fad of the late 1960s, “Zero Defects” measures of improved efficiency, a the use of comprehensive legislation that quite different from its use in the or “Total Quality Management.” No necessity for justifying the expenses of collects the favorite “projects” of legisla- corporate world. Financial results reported matter the explanation of any one of these such programs. tors that are not carefully reviewed by the to the SEC and IRS are the lifeblood of concepts, it ultimately depends upon These connections are seldom mentioned implementing agencies and have no easy corporations, but they are not the same as efforts to increase efficiency, and to because it is always desirable to insist that identification except “pure pork.” For the precise mission or output results that specify in advance precisely the quantita- the current “innovation” is entirely differ- legislators, these projects are the “spoils” public administrators have in mind. tive increase considered desirable, ent from all that have preceded it, a that ensure their continued support and re- Similarly, it turns out that “cost-benefit” possible and necessary. normal argument that in this case suggests election by home states and districts. analysis is subject to unusual distortions These “earmarks” often take precedence Some of the measures are linked with that public administrators have never ever and hidden agendas. been interested in “results” before now. over upgrading of the equipment provided improvements in both output and quality, military personnel in war, or so Senator MR, Mission Results and “Pay for MR is also buried in a number of other a form of “multi-tasking” in today’s John McCain has observed. Performance”: Disconnects Everywhere jargon. In sum, however, the concepts are agendas that many or its advocates may If “mission results” are to be a useful most useful when they relate to their not even know about. Contracting Procedures Discarded yardstick, they must be related to largely origins on automobile assembly lines, Civil Service Reform Since 1978 Given widespread political influences, and routinized tasks that have a body of histori- quotas for salespersons, requirements that President Carter’s 1978 reform was given the nature of current crises, it is cal knowledge associated with them. police officers issue prescribed numbers announced as necessary in order to make understandable that hasty contract awards, often with no bids and often to firms who If “quantifiable measures of performance” of traffic tickets or, as The Wall Street it easier to fire civil servants, the president never had done such work before, have are to serve as a yardstick for Pay for Journal once suggested, the number of very clearly asserting that far too many raised questions. A senior SES procure- Performance (POP), such a search inguinal hernia surgeries that a surgeon employees were rated “satisfactory.” This ment official in the Army Corps of requires measurable improvement over should be expected to perform each day. has been a continuing agenda of policy- Engineers protested such procedural specified time periods. MR, as a major aspect of New Public makers ever since, and it remains a wholly bipartisan and fast moving agenda. abandonment, adding that one major To suddenly insert something like “body Management (NPM) is usually discussed The creation of the Senior Executive contractor was permitted to design the count” as a first-time measure during the by experts in the “best practices” of Service, an elite cadre of experienced civil contract in advance. This senior African- Vietnam War does not provide evidence corporate America in ways that tend to servants, elevated careerists to new for promotion of military personnel, nor obscure its own origins (purely financial positions of prominence, but it was also See MANAGING FOR RESULTS, pg. 10 If Politics Aren’t Right, Development Won’t Help

From AFRICA, pg. 5 the cultural traits are not given due to be serious about the reforms and really analysis. Some countries just imitate or are involve the masses, the would-be benefici- imposed what has succeeded elsewhere. aries. If the masses do not know and are some cases, they can be rightly termed to Peter Fuseini Haruna comments that the not associated in the reform machine, there be window-dressing or deceitful. At times moral, cultural and political context of the will be great problems of implementation. the reform goals are not clearly defined administration is taken for granted and The problem is that many people have lost and consequently unattainable. socio-cultural difference, community role confidence in our existing institutions. Access and indigenous institutions are over-looked. The scope of administrative reforms in At times, reforms are counterproductive, 64 Volumes of many African countries has not been Not surprisingly, attempts are made to troublesome, disruptive or have adverse profound. The impact of the reforms largely tackle the problems not from the causes, effects. With the insufficiency or absence Public Administration fall on the masses, the superordinates are but from the consequences. The policy of precautionary or follow up measures, generally untouched or slightly affected. reform is seen as a magic tonic to cure all the social effects of adjustments have not These conservative and discriminatory countries in problems regardless of their been pleasing. Social problems have Review (PAR) approaches are simply because security is local realities. This has proven unworkable increased with the reforms. Some scholars valued more than growth or development. and some people have proposed "adjust- have called the attention of the policymak- online Consequently, many problems become ment with a human face". ers to the so-called "social dimensions of displaced rather than solved. It is surpris- Besides, the reform institutions generally structural adjustments" ing that the reform policies have done little emphasize on market-based policies such Positive management is one that is or nothing as regards electoral fraud, as trade liberalization and privatization. conscious of its problems, insufficiencies informal economy and capital flight. Some The African countries at their present level and makes timely reforms. It should not countries simply do cosmetic reforms in of development might not be ready for wait to be overtaken by challenges. African order to meet the conditionalities. such policies. Moreover, the private sector policymakers have to take time, study the The World Bank Group and other aid models may not necessarily be suitable realities, plan, take precautionary and donors are based in the developed counties. mindful of the distinctiveness and the follow up actions. Done or masterminded from abroad, the complexity of the public administration When an administration is sufficiently reforms should be costly and slow. and the role it has to play at the early flexible, it predicts and adapts to changes Because of rampant corruption and the stages of the country’s development. without any problem. Its functions, as is leakages in the systems, policies might Further, there is lack of political will as the the case with any healthy organism, are www.aspanet.org aggravate the situation by sinking these authorities at times obstruct action or the accomplished effectively. To avoid the poor countries into more debts. Further as implementation of the proposals by World vicious poverty cycle the policy makers many policy procedures are lengthy, this Bank Group. If politics are not right, no have to create self-reliant systems with can lead to the intervention of other amount of development aid can help any checks and balances and massive commit- variables. For example, under the HIPC country. Many of these problems arise ment. If not, sustainable development will initiative the country must go through the because the advisers simply give their be a nightmare in this era of globalization. decision and completion points. opinions, they are not decision-makers. ASPA member Moye Godwin Bongyu is a As the policies are remote-controlled from The technical rationale at times is not in graduate student at Jackson State abroad, generally the national realities and line with the political. The government has University. Email [email protected] American Society for Public Administration PA TIMES • JULY 2006 PAGE 9 Letters to the Editor

PA TIMES Article Exposes Respond” published in PA TIMES (April We are in the process of establishing a administrators are supposed to serve. Fallacy of Linear Thinking 2006). I want to thank [the author] for new section in ASPA that emphasizes Modest accommodations on a college [his] insight and courage. The article these points by shifting our thinking campus would create an entirely different exposed the fallacy of the linear thinking toward complexity analysis in public atmosphere, more in keeping with the I read with great interest [the] article, in public policy and is alarming us to the policy and administration. The proposed priorities public administrators’ should entitled “Oil for Food Program: complex nature of this policy and name of our section is The Complexity keep in mind. This article was indeed well International Public Administrators multiple dimensions. and Systems Studies Network (CSSN). placed in an issue that raises questions Thus far, we have 117 members and we about ethical behavior! submitted our proposal for recognition. One matter which Prof. Oldfield does not Sincerely, address, and which always bothers me, is Alexander Dawoody the practice of having some or many conference expenses underwritten by Author Puts Interesting Spin corporations in the area in which the on Walking the Social Equity conference is held. To me, this is also an ethical issue, in the same category, Walk perhaps, as questios about campaign funds for elected officials. I have to admit I agree with much of what I do disagree with Prof. Oldfield on one Prof. Oldfield says (“ASPA Should Walk point, however, his last, in which he urges the Social Equity Walk,” PA TIMES, June that ASPA headquarters should move out 2006). It would indeed be encouraging if of expensive Washington, DC, and into conference planners took to heart George some small community where rents are Frederickson's charge to close the gap cheap. Despite the ease of communication between social classes in America, from anywhere now that we have high although I question whether Frederickson tech access to each other, it is still had Oldfield’s interpretation in mind. important for an organization to have a Holding a conference in an expensive physical presence in DC for purposes of hotel and charging a large conference fee personal access (yes, lobbying) and being certainly limit the kinds of members who taken seriously by our national decision- can attend. Either they earn large salaries, makers. This may be unfortunate, but it is Have you visited ASPA’s web site lately? have few family obligations, or have a fact of life. www.aspanet.org generous travel accounts. Prof. Erika E. Pilver While it is pleasant to enjoy the luxurious Westfield, MA facilities of a first-class conference hotel, those surroundings are not condusive to thinking about the kinds of people public

3XEOLF3HUIRUPDQFH0HDVXUHPHQW3URJUDP Parks an Invaluable Asset in Every City 2QOLQH&RXUVHVIURPD3UHPLHU3URYLGHULQWKH From ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN, pg. 4 that closes at sunset may encourage )LHOGRI3HUIRUPDQFH0HDVXUHPHQW illegal and unintended use. trail is isolated, making its users vulner- Maintenance *UDGXDWH&RXUVHVDQG3URIHVVLRQDO&UHGLWV$YDLODEOH able, create and clearly mark an • Prune trees and shrubs to keep paths alternate, observable path that gives open and to eliminate the potential for 3XEOLF3HUIRUPDQFH0HDVXUHPHQWRQOLQHFODVVHVLQFOXGH users a choice for safer mobility. areas of entrapment and concealment. WHFKQLTXHVDQGVWUDWHJLHVWR • Clearly mark the hours the park or trail • Design parks to make maintenance ‡GHYHORSDSHUIRUPDQFHPHDVXUHPHQWV\VWHP is open to the public. Well-placed easier by locating an adequate number ‡FRQGXFWFLWL]HQVXUYH\V entrance signs or gates should be used to of trash receptacles in areas where ‡LQWHUSUHWDQGSUHVHQWUHVXOWV notify the public and to control access people congregate and by using durable, ‡VWUDWHJLFDOO\SODQVHUYLFHGHOLYHU\ into the park or area. vandal-resistant materials. ‡HQJDJHDQGFROODERUDWHZLWKFLWL]HQV Territoriality • Provide prompt removal of trash, graffiti •When people see certain facilities they and invasive landscaping species. receive certain cues as to which uses are • If park benches are planned, choose appropriate. Providing children’s play benches that have seat dividers to areas encourages family use of a park. discourage long term usage, such as sleeping or skateboarding. • Clearly define paths between parking lots and other facilities. Parks are an invaluable asset to every city. • Erect maps to provide a sense of where They serve as a catalyst for community one is and where one can go. These revitalization and tourism. The negative maps should clearly identify trail names, stigma of crime in public parks and green distances to facilities, emergency phones spaces threatens the “well being” of urban and the characteristics of trails,e.g., “this environments. If parks are not well is an isolated walking trail.” designed for safety and properly maintained, they become a haven for • Post park rules at access or gathering negative activities and a liability to the 1DWLRQDO &HQWHU IRU 3XEOLF 3URGXFWLYLW\ points in the park. Rules give the ability municipality. Despite the advances in to designate acceptable uses and discour- security technology available to protect age unacceptable uses of the park. people and parks, the least expensive and #5XWJHUV8QLYHUVLW\1HZDUN most effective security strategy is simply Activity Support the “built environment.” Preventing crime • Encourage planned activities in passive by designing a better space is a win-win D UHVHDUFK DQG SXEOLF VHUYLFH FHQWHU recreation areas and parks, i.e. senior situation for everyone. GHYRWHG WR LPSURYLQJ SHUIRUPDQFH LQ walking groups at specific times each WKHSXEOLFVHFWRU day; elementary school trips, etc. Add ASPA member Steven N. Waller, Sr., is an programs in areas and at times when the assistant professor in the recreation and space is not busy or typically used. leisure studies program, department of (QUROOQRZIRURQOLQHFRXUVHVZZZQFSSXV exercise, sport & leisure studies at The • Avoid conflicts in design and intended University of Tennessee, Knoxville. use. For example, illuminating a park E-mail: [email protected] PAGE 10 PA TIMES • JULY 2006 American Society for Public Administration Companies Need a Global, Holistic Approach to Prepare for Potential Avian Flu Epidemic

New York–An avian flu pandemic, which avian flu pandemic would be nearly the detailed crisis management and business to the continued health of their businesses. would unleash disaster across many areas opposite, impacting the workforce in continuity plans. While first tending to the Identifying key people and processes is of the world, requires global, holistic one’s own company and throughout the human needs of employees, their families necessary to sustain business in the face planning by companies, according to a supply chain.” and others, companies are now developing of a pandemic. Many companies are new report from The Conference Board, plans to deal with periodic and extended choosing to run scenarios of how to get The H5N1 avian flu virus first infected the global research and business member- business interruptions. work done with 20 percent to 30 percent humans in 1997 in Hong Kong. Since ship organization which is celebrating its of their workforce incapacitated–and even then, it has spread via the bird population “At the very least, companies ought to 90th anniversary this year. greater losses of workers in certain areas. throughout Asia and into parts of Europe consider how to continue when work Companies failing to create detailed crisis and Africa. Humans have contracted the practices must be altered to reflect the One global hotel chain is considering management and business continuity disease primarily through improper reality of a changed environment,” says closing its properties in locations where plans are likely to find themselves at peril. handling of infected birds. Hexter. “Meetings, travel, and even office the virus has spread. Other companies are environments can spread infection considering shutting down non-critical The avian flu virus, which has spread Managing Potential Disaster through an extensive population. Because processes or producing only key products. rapidly in wild-bird and fowl populations Pandemic crisis management requires a of this, companies can play major rules in Roche has determined that it will attempt through Asia, Europe and Africa, has range of tools, from scenario planning to containing the spread of the virus if they to continue to produce its anti-viral killed about half the people who have creating global, company-wide strategies to plan adequately.” medication along with other life-saving contracted the virus from birds. While the deal with potential disasters. The creation medications. timing and severity of a worldwide of crisis management and business continu- For example, in October 2005, the pandemic are difficult to predict, the ity planning can help transform risk mitiga- Netherlands-based global bank ABN Entire Supply Chains report warns that “to gamble that it won’t tion strategies into business processes to Amro set up a task force to plan Might be Affected happen or its impact will be minimal manage extraordinary events. company-wide strategy to deal with a “The interconnectedness of the global could prove catastrophic for businesses.” potential flu crisis. It created plans to economy suggests that a business The development of risk mitigation plans educate all employees about symptoms slowdown in one sector is likely to have Responding to a flu pandemic requires a are transferable to other risk management and appropriate responses; made the an impact across many sectors,” says different kind of business response than areas and functions. Because a real decision to not purchase anti-viral Hexter. “If travel comes to a standstill, natural disasters and other crises. “Unlike pandemic would likely cause high medication as a matter of principle; and airlines, hotels, restaurants, and conven- most business continuity planning efforts, employee absenteeism and damage a emphasized ethical considerations of tion businesses will start a ripple effect coping with a pandemic requires a more company’s ability to produce goods or stockpiling drugs in light of their current though local economies. Some companies holistic response,” says Ellen Hexter, services, an avian flu pandemic would have scarcity. The group also recommended may be hard pressed to make lease Director of The Conference Board a global rather than a single-area impact. setting up a task force team in each payments to their lenders, and financial Integrated Risk Management Program and country where the company operates to author of the report. “Most crisis manage- Balancing Human Needs monitor the health environment. institutions could face liquidity problems. ment and business continuity plans are with Corporate Needs Companies must consider the impact not built on the expectation of loss of The threat of a severe pandemic has After considering human needs, managers infrastructure or data, for example. An driven many companies to develop must face the challenge of assessing risks See AVIAN FLU, pg. 12 Civil Servants Need to Be Experts on “Mediated Corruption”

From MANAGING FOR RESULTS, pg. 8 not forthcoming, he would have to stop who can be terminated at any time and feeding hot meals to U.S. troops (a who have no prospects of a public nationally televised example of the slogan service career. American woman was demoted before an “support our troops”). investigation was completed. Her fate was Ethics? Who’s Kidding? and is not unusual. After the hurricanes, a firm in Mississippi The dominant bipartisan agenda since claimed that a FEMA contract for 1978, in my view, has been to remove the Fakery in Program Evaluation temporary school buildings had been influence of the federal civil service that and No Accountability awarded to the subsidiary of an Alaskan was created in 1883 to use ethical PAR Announces The Office of Management and Budget firm that never had done such work standards to counter the pervasive “spoils has been implementing since 2001 a new before. The local firm claimed it could systems” of that era. Given the increasing New Feature: evaluation system labeled PART (Program have performed the task for less than half financial demands of modern elections, it Assessment Review Tool) that is used on the cost of the contract. is no surprise that politicians would see some 1,300 federal programs. Union-busting and “At Will” civil servants as obstacles to what they, the Public Documents Despite the ever-increasing use of private Employment politicians, feel they must accomplish. The contractors since the late 1970s, only The major issue of the 2002 Congressional definition of “spoils” is the connection OMB and agency officials participate in elections turned out to be the creation of between politicians and contractors that these evaluations, and there is no review the Department of Homeland Security and requires the exclusion of civil servants of contractor performance. In the recent the increased authority of the president to from decision processes and the throwing New Orleans disaster, the Federal terminate government employees with few around of public funds in ways that simply Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) or no appeals. remove any real notion of accountability. sent a private mercenary force of security Ironically, Democrats first proposed a If civil servants (or “despised bureau- police (no uniforms, no license plates on DHS department, the president opposed it crats”) are to become members of a new cars) into the cities to help maintain order. but then adopted the proposal and “iron triangle” of politicians, contractors These police were highly armed connected it with reducing the influence and public administrators, they will have (Blackwater, Ltd.) and such forces take no of public unions and making it easier to to become in-house experts on the prisoners. In Iraq, this and other organiza- fire employees. While Democrats did not “mediated corruption” in which campaign tions provide security police for contrac- mount a furious response, a number of contributions become “kickbacks” tors, but they are not under the control or them criticized the president’s proposal, embedded in contract awards or, if you supervision of the American civilian and became electoral targets and lost their will, vice versa (with contracts including Contact Editor Nancy C. Roberts, military forces there. Congressional seats. the funds to be donated to campaigns). Naval Postgraduate School for ASPA member Frederick Thayer is profes- Is “Overcharging” Rampant? Since that election, DHS has produced submission information: The Department of Defense has stated new personnel regulations, unions have sor emeritus, Public and International that major contractors in Baghdad have taken the department to court, a judge has Affairs, University of Pittsburgh. E-mail: [email protected] overcharged the government, but there are decided that some of the regulations go [email protected] indications that the Department never will beyond the legislation authorizing DHS, The viewpoints expressed in the be able to establish the extent of the and the dispute will take some time to Commentary articles of PA TIMES are the overcharging. One subcontractor went on resolve. In the meantime, a number of individuals’ and are not necessarily the national television more than a year ago state governments have decided to end all viewpoints of ASPA or the organizations to claim that the contractor owed him $80 negotiations or discussions with public they represent. PA TIMES invites your million for food services already unions or to make all “new hire” govern- opinions regarding issues addressed in this provided. He said that if the funds were ment employees into “at will” employees space. E-mail: [email protected] American Society for Public Administration PA TIMES • JULY 2006 PAGE 11 Frederickson perspective A Column by H. George Frederickson PA TIMES invites your opinions regarding issues addressed in this space, or any public management issues. Please fax us at (202) 638-4952 or e-mail us at: [email protected] The viewpoints expressed in the Commentary section of PA TIMES are the individuals’ and are not necessarily the viewpoints of ASPA or the organizations they represent. The Public Administration Nation

Knute and Thor, the public administration Almost as important as the because it includes many the nectarine because the nectarine twins, wish to remind us of the distinc- national colors, is the ingredients, is efficient, suggests compromise (“half a peach, half tions between states and nations. The national bird. Because the inexpensive and nonthreaten- a plum, hell of a fruit”–Carl Reiner and United States, Canada and even France eagle has been taken, Knute ing, Knute and Thor have Mel Brooks, “2,000 Year Old Man”), as are states with borders, laws and suggests the owl, a symbol chosen meatloaf to be the the national fruit of the Public sovereignty. They are also nations with of wisdom and an efficient official food of the Public Administration Nation. shared languages and cultures. Administration Nation. means of rodent control. What would a nation be without a Thor suggests the turkey But, there are nations that are not states, One associates wine with national song? Canada may or may not be such as the EBay Nation, or the NFL because it can barely fly and France, beer with Germany, a great nation, but everyone agrees that Nation, nations without borders but with looks like it was put whisky with Scotland, and “Oh Canada” is a really terrific song. The strong cultures and shared languages. together by a committee. all alcoholic beverages with United States has an equally terrific song; But the turkey, like the chicken, duck and Ireland. Spirits, as everyone knows, are “America the Beautiful,” unfortunately it Thor is, for example, an actual citizen of pheasant, is edible and is, therefore, embraced by the Nation of Politics, but is not our national anthem. the United States, and also a proud probably inappropriate. because of our inclinations toward member of the Skin Illustration and Body The lesson is that the national song of the The pigeon is hardy, colorful, multiplies sobriety, spirits should not be associated Piercing Nation, the Harley Nation and with the Public Administration Nation. Public Administration Nation must be very the Coors Nation. Although Knute rapidly and has much to recommend it. carefully selected. Knute likes an adoption But, because the members of PAN from Thor, being from California, prefers subscribes to National Geographic, that orange juice, but Knute insists that the of “Mama Don’t Let Your Babies Grow commitment does not rise to the level of the United Kingdom think of the pigeon Up to be Cowboys,” substituting the word as a tasty dinner, it was dropped from official public administration drink must belonging to a nation. include caffeine because it helps fight Bureaucrats for the word Cowboys. Based consideration. Finally, because it is very on his knowledge of the politics-adminis- As long time city managers, Knute and fatigue, an important matter to public fast, requires virtually no nutrition, has no tration dichotomy, Thor suggested the Thor are passionate members of the administrators. Thor noted that caffeine visible means of propulsion, and is beauti- winner; “The Country's in the Very Best of Public Administration Nation (PAN). may be added to a drink, but is not itself a ful, the hummingbird was chosen as the Hands,” from the score of Lil' Abner. For Together they believe that PAN and those drink. Finally, because it is colorful, tangy national bird of Public Administration. those unfamiliar with Johnny Mercer’s of us who are members of PAN can and nutritious, they chose cranberry juice lyrics, here are three verses: strengthen our nation by agreeing on the Without discussion Knute and Thor agree with a just a dash of caffeine to be the right set of national symbols. Here is their that duct tape is the official tool of the official beverage of PAN. The Treasury says the national debt is list of suggested PAN symbols. Public Administration Nation. Although All self-respecting nations have an official climbin’ to the sky. duct tape ordinarily comes in silver, it is And government expenditures have never Colors are very important to all nations. tree. Willow and birches are attractive but available in red, a far more suitable color been so high. Knute suggests blue for the Public have shallow roots and a short life; indeed for the official tool of PAN. It makes a fella get a gleam of pride Administration Nation because blue is are not so much trees as tall weeds. within his eye, cool. Those who are cynical about public Selecting the national food for PAN was Evergreen trees are a Christmas favorite To see how our economy expands, administration and who use the word far more difficult because the doughnut and a primary source of wood for construc- The country’s in the very best of hands! bureaucracy a lot probably prefer gray. has been taken by the police and the hot tion, but in the interest of strict neutrality Those who are enemies of PAN (all dog by organized baseball. The bean, regarding holidays, pines are not suited to Them GOPs and Democrats, each hates nations have enemies) suggest either Thor suggests, is better suited to the represent PAN. Trees that flower in the the other one. yellow or pink. Of course environmental- Nation of Politics. Other staples such as spring may be decorative but draw They’s always criticizing how the country ist members of PAN advocate green. bread, rice and corn, while filling, do not attention to them selves, not a desirable should be run. Some favor red but red may suggest a capture the imagination. Like public public administration quality. But neither tells the public what the particular political ideology. Thor settled administration itself, reason suggests that Oak trees are noted for their long lives, other’s gone and done. the matter with the choice of white, for the official food of PAN be an amalgam but are not suited to represent public As long as no-one knows where no-one innocence and virtue, and tan because it is of ingredients, such as fruitcake, gumbo, administration because such a symbol stands, natural, unobtrusive and blends well. goulash and casseroles. In the end, suggests that bureaucracies too have long The country’s in the very best of hands! lives. One member of the laurel family is The money that they taxes us is known as noted for strength, resilience, longevity revenues, and for its remarkable capacity to repel They compounds the collateral, subtracts threats to its well being–the stinkwood, an the residues, ideal official tree for the Public Don’t worry ‘bout the principal, or Administration Nation. interest that accrues, THE MPA For its perfect reconciliation of order and They’re shippin’ all that stuff to foreign beauty, the chambered nautilus edged out lands. NOT JUST FOR PUBLIC EMPLOYEES ANYMORE the cuttlefish as the official PAN mollusk The country’s in the best of hands, as well as the subject of the official poem The best of haaaaands, of the Public Administration Nation, The best of hands. Oliver Wendell Holmes, The Chambered Nautilus (here is the last stanza): The Caine Mutiny is the official book of PAN and “Being There” is our Build thee more stately mansions, O my national movie. soul, Education Supplement As the swift seasons roll! Knute and Thor are confident that this October 2006 PA TIMES Leave the low-vaulted past! initial list of national symbols will Let each new temple, nobler than the last, quicken our collective sense of identity Shut thee from heaven with a dome more with the Public Administration Nation and vast, will add to the high levels of esteem in Till thou at length art free, which bureaucrats are held by others. Article Deadline: September 22 Leaving thine outgrown shell by life’s unresting sea! ASPA member H. George Frederickson is Advertising Deadline: September 25 Stene Professor of Public Administration Because it adapts effectively to changing at the University of Kansas and co-author environments, a highly desirable bureau- of both The Public Administration Theory cratic capability, the chameleon is the Primer and The Adapted City: More information official reptile of PAN. Institutional Dynamics and Structural [email protected] All fruits are desirable, but after much Change. E-mail: [email protected] deliberation Knute and Thor selected PAGE 12 PA TIMES • JULY 2006 American Society for Public Administration Sticks and Stones . . .

Do you recall the childhood saying that appreciated that his conduct was “sticks and stones may break my bones unacceptable, was a breach of the code but words will never hurt me?” Surely and did damage to the reputation of his you do. It is often used as a defense office” (New York Times, February 25, against unwanted name calling and 2006). The Mayor’s four week suspension taunting. But words of course can be was to begin on March 1, 2006, but was hurtful. Consider London Mayor Ken postponed pending an appeal for judicial Livingstone, who uttered a few words in review of the Panel’s decision. February 2005, that landed him a 30 day Questions: suspension from office. • Are “words” sufficient to call into Mayor Livingstone, in response to sharp question an elected official’s ethics? questioning by The Evening Standard reporter Oliver Finegold, asked him what • Should a non-elected body have the he did before he worked for newspa- authority to remove an elected official per–“Were you a German war criminal?” who has not committed a crime but may Finegold replied: “No, I’m Jewish. I have behaved in a manner that “brought wasn’t a German war criminal.” Then the disrepute to his or her office?” Mayor retorted, “Well you might be, but • Are the ethics of local elected officials in actually you are just like a concentration Great Britain different than their camp guard. You’re just doing it ‘cause counterparts in the U.S.? you’re paid to,’ aren’t you?” ASPA member Donald C. Menzel is ASPA’s Three days later the Board of Deputies of immediate past president and professor British Jews filed a complaint with the emeritus of Northern Illinois University. Standards Board of England setting in E-mail: [email protected] motion an investigation of whether the Mayor had breached the code of conduct of the Greater London Authority. The Standards Board was formally established in 2001 by the Local Government Act of 2000. The Board's main task is to ensure that standards of ethical conduct are maintained across local government authorities and to deal with complaints of misconduct against individual members. After a year-long investigation that cost British taxpayers more than $83,000, the AAnn findings were handed over to the independent, non-elected Adjudication Panel for England that ruled the Mayor had broken the Local Government Code EEthicsthics of Conduct. The Chairman of the panel said that the mayor “does seem to have failed, from the outset of this case, to have MMomentoment Companies Need Holistic Approach to Avian Flu Prep

From AVIAN FLU, pg. 10 alternatives for employees and their families. Companies also must engage their suppliers and customers to ensure only on their business, but on their entire the viability of their supply chains, partic- supply chain.” ularly for critical goods and services. A Global Cash Squeeze Human resources functions must remain and Liquidity Crisis? intact in the event of an avian flu When developing scenarios and possible pandemic. Policies for continuing to pay mitigation plans, companies must think employees, for adequate sick leave, and about extra costs, loss of production or for when infected employees can return to service delivery capabilities, and impacts work all need to be considered. to their cash flow and income. Companies are likely to continue to pay people as Establishing teams and plans to develop long as they are able–even when not educational materials and policies for a producing or selling goods–contributing potential pandemic is a way to help to a potentially significant cash squeeze ensure the continuity of a business. The and possibly a global liquidity crisis. first line of communications may be to point employees looking for information “Realistically, companies are unable to to the World Health Organization’s mitigate every potential risk because the website. Local emergency management costs are simply too high,” says Hexter. teams should be the communications “But understanding the possible implica- conduit to employees in specific areas. tions is important, and building enough Protocols for interfacing with local health financial flexibility in the form of officials to accurately track infection and additional liquid assets or access to offer guidance should be developed. increased lines of credit can cushion a temporary disruption of a normal “This kind of business continuity planning business environment.” effort will lay the foundation for companies to begin thinking about Employee engagement is important when expanding these policies into enterprise developing action plans. Besides ethical risk management,” concludes Hexter. concerns, companies need to consider a vast range of issues, from increased For more information on avian flu security for IT systems, to supporting preparedness visit: http://www.confer- those working from home, to designing enceboard.org/knowledge/resources/resou communications plans and back-up rce_avianFlu.cfm American Society for Public Administration PA TIMES • JULY 2006 PAGE 13 Reports on the Web W h e r e T h i n g s Featured Report: “Taxing Problems: Municipalities and America's Flawed System of Public Finance”–Our nation's system of public finance is woefully out of date. It is time Stand for a public discussion of the need for far- reaching changes in how we pay for Survey of State and Local approved the legislation, in a near- children doing harder work than they did essential government activities at all levels. Government IT Officials Finds unanimous vote last month. when they were in school, the problem of These are the conclusions of a multiyear 'low standards' began to lose its edge.” process of research and deliberation led by The following can be attributed to the National League of Cities. With this Avian Flu Preparation Caroline Fredrickson, Director of the For the full report go to: report, NLC is calling on public officials at Underfunded ACLU Washington Legislative Office: http://www.publicagenda.org/research/res all levels of government–as well as earch_reports_details.cfm?list=100. citizens, community and business leaders, “The Voting Rights Act has helped and others–to initiate a wider dialogue Fort Lauderdale, FL–Citrix Systems, Inc. transform the dream of democracy into Pro Bono Assistance focusing on ways to reform America's recently announced the findings of its reality for millions of U.S. citizens. H.R. 19th- and 20th century fiscal system for the survey of state and local government 9 represents a tremendous bipartisan Available to Support State & realities of the 21st century economy. The Information Technology (IT) officials on commitment to the continuation of that report provides three windows into these Local Governments with issues– understanding the problem by preparedness for an avian flu pandemic. goal. The House Judiciary Committee analyzing key trends and challenges affect- The survey reveals that just 40 percent of sent this measure to the floor with only Clean Energy Purchasing ing the system, identifying a set of princi- officials said they had disaster recovery one dissenting vote–a clear sign of the ples that can be used as pathways to and business continuity plans in place to commitment to protecting this fundamen- Initiative Helps Jurisdictions Combat solutions, and key questions that need to be address a potential avian flu pandemic, tal American right. Climate Change by Using Clean Energy asked about potential reforms. while 24 percent were unsure if their “We urge Congress to support the www.nlc.org agencies had such plans. reauthorization of the Voting Rights Act Takoma Park, MD–State and local govern- Sixty-five percent of respondents said and reject any attempts to weaken one of ments have an excellent opportunity to GAO Reports: budget constraints represented the biggest the most important pieces of civil rights help steer America toward clean, • “Data Quality: Expanded Use of Key hurdle to implementing effective agency legislation in history. Indeed, at a time renewable energy by applying for purchas- Dissemination Practices Would Further continuity of operations. Technology when Americans are witness to the ing assistance through the Responsible Safeguard the Integrity of Federal Statistical Data” infrastructure, management focus, and growing promise of democratic freedoms Purchasing Network. This initiative, remote access to data and applications around the world, we must ensure launched by the non-profit Center for a • “Elections: 2005 Survey of State Election also represented significant hurdles for nothing less for all American citizens.” New American Dream, has teamed up Officials” state and local agency IT officials. with Think Energy, Inc, to provide three To read more about the ACLU's • “Elections: The Nation's Evolving jurisdictions with professional advice and The White House estimates that a severe campaign to renew the Voting Rights Act, Election System as Reflected in the assistance in making a large purchase of November 2004 General Election” avian flu pandemic could last 18 months, go to:http://www.votingrights.org clean, renewable energy. • “Government Auditing Standards, 2006 rolling across the country in multiple Revision” waves and actively infecting communities Parents, Students, Teachers “By establishing programs that reduce the • “Internal Revenue Service: Status of for six to eight weeks at a time. and Administrators Say use of energy generated with fossil fuels, Recommendations from Financial Audits Approximately 40 percent of U.S. jurisdictions are leading by example to and Related Financial Management workers could be kept off the job for a Standards Not Enough, influence larger markets and other institu- Reports” few weeks. An outbreak could shut down tions. We’re looking for a few govern- • “U.S. Tsunami Preparedness: Federal and any government facility where even one School Environment and ments willing to take the lead by shifting State Partners Collaborate to Help case of the flu has occurred. To increase 25% of their portfolio to clean, renewable Communities Reduce Potential Impacts, social distance, employees could be Funding Bigger Priorities energy supplies. New technologies and but Significant Challenges Remain” restricted to their homes or temporary existing incentives now make this practi- • “Puerto Rico: Fiscal Relations with the shelters indefinitely. New York–In a sign of the success, but cal,” says Chris O’Brien, director of the Federal Government and Economic Trends also the limits, of the standards and Responsible Purchasing Network. During the Phaseout of the Possessions Tax Despite increasing concern in the public testing movement in public education Credit” and private sectors about an avian flu reform, new research released today by Selected state and local governments will pandemic in the United States, just 27 receive a detailed evaluation of clean • “H-1B Visa Program: Labor Could Public Agenda concludes that key Improve Its Oversight and Increase percent of survey respondents said they elements of the public believe high energy products available, including a Information Sharing with Homeland were concerned about the impact of an standards and testing are necessary but review of costs and benefits, a look at Security” avian flu outbreak on their daily agency not enough by themselves to lead to case studies from other jurisdictions, and operations. Sixty-seven percent said they a practical timeline for concluding a www.gao.gov further progress. were not very concerned about the effects purchase. Participating jurisdictions will of an outbreak on agency operations. In “Reality Check 2006: Is Support for Other Reports: also engage in direct consultations with Standards and Testing Fading?” (the third the Responsible Purchasing Network and At the same time, however, more than • “An Assessment of Balance in NASA's report issued this year in the Reality Think Energy. Science Programs” (National Academies half of the survey respondents said their Check 2006 series), Public Agenda found Press) www.nap.edu agency business continuity plans provide that, five years into the implementation of Jurisdictions can apply by visiting • Bob Behn's Public Management Report - for secure, anytime, anywhere access to the No Child Left Behind Act and over a http://www.newdream.org/procure/energy June 2006 critical business applications over any dozen years into the so-called standards app/index.php. To qualify, applicants www.ksg.harvard.edu/TheBehnReport/June computing device and over any network - movement in American education, the must be a state or local government and 2006.pdf a critical capability to enable ongoing public now sees these reforms as represent a minimum of 1,000,000 • “Designing for Results: Integrating agency operations in the event that “necessary, but not sufficient.” kilowatt-hours of electrical energy use Monitoring and Evaluation in Conflict agency offices are closed in response to annually. Furthermore, they must have Transformation Programs” (Search for an avian flu outbreak. This is consistent across a number of political support and an appropriate level Common Ground) www.sfcg.org indicators among all groups surveyed by of funding for purchasing clean energy. • “Enhancing Competitiveness: A Review ACLU Urges House to Pass Public Agenda–parents, students, teachers Qualified candidates will be chosen that of Recent State Economic Development Clean Reauthorization of and administrators. represent a diversity of geographic Initiatives--2005” (NGA Center for Best locations, jurisdiction sizes, scales of Practices) www.nga.org Reality Check 2006 shows that relatively Voting Rights Act few parents, teachers, principals or purchase (total MWh), and desired types • Global Development Finance 2006 of renewable energy products. (World Bank) http://econ.worldbank.org/ superintendents see more of the same as Washington, DC–The American Civil the best course for the future. Jean • “Keys to Collaboration: Building Liberties Union urged the House to pass Johnson, executive director of Public Effective Public-Private Partnerships” legislation to renew and restore the Agenda's new initiative Education If you have a press release for”Where (National Association of State Chief Things Stand,” contact Christine Information Officers) www.nascio.org Voting Rights Act and to oppose Insights and an author of the report said, amendments that would weaken the law. “It is important to remember that much of McCrehin at [email protected]. • “Older Adults Engaged as Volunteers” the public's initial support for raising (Urban Institute) www.urban.org Tomorrow, the House is expected to consider the bipartisan and bicameral standards grew out of anxiety over basics • “From Campaigning to Governing: measure, “Fannie Lou Hamer, Rosa Parks and the fear that too many youngsters Leadership in Transition” (The Rockefeller were floating through the system without Institute) www.rockinst.org. and Coretta Scott King Voting Rights Act Reauthorization and Amendments Act of mastering even fundamental reading and If you have a press release for this 2006” (H.R. 9). The act renews three key math skills. But as promotion standards column, contact Christine McCrehin at provisions that are set to expire in 2007. toughened, as graduation standards were [email protected]. The House Judiciary Committee raised, as parents began to see their own PAGE 14 PA TIMES • JULY 2006 American Society for Public Administration New ASPA Members ASPA welcomes the following new members in the month of May 2006. Please note: members rejoining ASPA are not included on this list.

Brian Ashton Alaska Loretha McIntyre Gold Coast Michael Magnant Massachusetts Karen Thomas Research Triangle Robyne Clark Arizona Charlotte Presensky Gold Coast Neal Piersol Metro Louisville Kimberly Angarella Rhode Island Madeline Clemann Arizona Vinola Rada Gold Coast Lance R. Cook Michigan Capital T. Ross Clayton Sacramento CA James Timney Arizona Kelly L. Whittles Gold Coast Shelia Hutchinson Michigan Capital Jerri L. Dale Sacramento CA Jimmy Woods Arkansas Anne P. Williamson Gold Coast Laura K. Murphy Michigan Capital Sue Johnsrud Sacramento CA George Ackerman At Large Member Jaunae Carter Greater Akron Laurie Guilbault Milwaukee Denise Malvetti Sacramento CA Reta Alphin At Large Member Issac Ejila Greater Birmingham Brett E. Klein Milwaukee Brenton Stevens Sacramento CA Dondra Cook At Large Member Angielina Stewart Greater Birmingham Stella Hegg Minnesota Christopher Burrell San Diego Wesley Powell At Large Member Pamela Goines Greater Cincinnati Leonia Johnson Mississippi Karen Gordon-Brown SF Bay Area Terri Melinda Sumner At Large Member Monica Keenon Greater Cincinnati Jayson Scaccia Mississippi Chana Pederson SF Bay Area Shurong S. Zhao At Large Member Howard Foard, Jr. Greater Kansas City Rebahka Scaccia Mississippi Colleen Sepulveda SF Bay Area Xiaoning X. Zhu At Large Member Erin K. Nelson Greater Kansas City Sheata Southern Mississippi Frances Almazan Santa Clara Valley Clovia English Centex Terry Probst Greater Rochester Rozlyn Zuber Mississippi Mark A. Curfman South Carolina Candace Ferguson Centex William Sheahan, III Greater Rochester Jasper Cummings Nat. Cap. Area Margaret Moore South Carolina Julie L. Martin Centex Heather Stewart Greater Rochester Michelle Haywood Nat. Cap. Area Leah K. Still South Carolina Christine MacEwing Central CA Wanda Barnard-Bailey Hampton Roads Carlos E. Hazera Nat. Cap. Area Keisha A. Dunn-Pettis South Florida Jason Ansley Central Florida Marcieeila Mcdougall Hampton Roads Eugene Hopkins Nat. Cap. Area Tanika Williams South Florida Alfred B. Rosin Central Florida Jennifer Davis Hawaii Christian Okonkwo Nat. Cap. Area Eric Edwards Southern Arizona Katherine Coyle Central Illinois Judy Caldwell Houston Area Scott Pool Nat. Cap. Area Heather Kramer Southern Nevada Jeanie Cury Central Illinois Joan Thomas Houston Area Lister Smith Nat. Cap. Area Dorothy Oriondo Southern Nevada Lea Walker Central Illinois Rose Udeh-Nwosuocha Houston Area Joseph R. Sturm Nat. Cap. Area Kimberly Payne Southwest Georgia Yuping Li Central New York Miriam Williams Houston Area Michael Williams, Jr. Nat. Cap. Area Donna Wall Southwest Georgia Rise Respes Central Ohio Elizabeth Autumn Hudson Valley Kimberly Blue New Jersey Pierre Williams Southwest Georgia Matthew Brouillette Central Pennsylvania Daniel Bender Indiana Stephen C. Michel New Jersey Laurieann Grenier Southwest Virginia Marci Fureman Central Pennsylvania Michael Keller Indiana Jodi Myrick-Clyburn New Jersey Muriel Loney St. Louis Metropolitan Thurman Howell Central Piedmont Jamie Shockley Indiana Thomas McLeod New Mexico Gregory Myles St. Louis Metropolitan Roderick King Central Piedmont Heberto Sanchez Inland Empire Michael Graziano NY Metropolitan Jarrish Jones Suncoast Emily M. Lineberger Central Piedmont Jack Cook Inland Northwest Sarah B. Klee NY Metropolitan Jaye Lovelace Tennessee Nykole Wyatt Central Piedmont Desmond C. Blake Kansas Eugene Pursoso NY Metropolitan Rhode Kirkpatrick Tennessee Valley Necie Edwards Chicago Illinois Claudette Johns Kansas Kristen Rouse NY Metropolitan Ford Eloge Treasure Coast Michael McAfee Chicago Illinois Michael Moody Kansas James Murdaugh North Florida Maureen Francois Treasure Coast Marilyn Morales Chicago Illinois Clyde Smith Kansas Diane Napier North Florida Stephanie Stevens Upstate South Carolina Natalie Chrastil Colorado Salvador Ferro Kentucky Maria Santos North Florida Adetayo Agboke USC LA Affiliate Scott Collins Colorado Kelli Frakes Kentucky Janet Hurley North Texas Robinson Mata USC LA Affiliate Samuel Delp Colorado Dana Patton Kentucky Steven Price North Texas Kevin Greer Utah Robert Kammerzell Colorado Brandi Rhoades Kentucky Steve Brandt NE Florida Kenton Mattingley Utah Donald Venneberg Colorado Phillip P. Bazan LA Metro Area Mark Carman NE Florida Michelle Candler Virginia Anita White Colorado Negest Legesse LA Metro Area Stephen Cole NE Florida Earl Mathers, Jr. Virginia Doreen Coburn Connecticut Heberto Sanchez LA Metro Area Stuart Hitchcock NE Florida Stacy Peerbolte Virginia Erica Coleman Connecticut Cheryl Chambers Brown Louisiana Terri Maxey NE Florida William Poston Virginia Matthew Smith Connecticut Letitia Clark Louisiana Daniel Nagy NE Florida Tanya Reid Virginia Lynda Crowell Detroit Metro Area Frankline C. Kimbeng Louisiana David Obrien NE Florida Aaron Smith-Walter Virginia Sylvester Jones Detroit Metro Area Edward McLaughlin Lowcountry Jeffrey Stuart NE Florida Robert J. Vilcheck Virginia Yvettia Smith Detroit Metro Area Jeffrey Ketchum Maine Erica Arnold NE Ohio Regional Avn Sturm Walden Univ. Affiliate Sarah Francisco Eastern North Carolina Robin T. Moore Maine Lawrence Grizzell NE Ohio Regional Florence Jones West Virginia Christopher Trina N. Tubman Maine Nisha Ali-Kash Northern New Jersey James L Christensen Wisconsin Capital Coman Empire State Cap. Area Jong Soon Won Maine Christian Paul Northern New Jersey Constance Graf Wisconsin Capital Gregory Monte Empire State Cap. Area Stacie Austin Maryland Johnny Couch Northern Virginia Gerald Huber Wisconsin Capital Christian Paul Empire State Cap. Area Kwasi Bosompem Maryland Richard Kelly Northern Virginia David Rancer Empire State Cap. Area Gwendolyn Clerkley Maryland Kenneth McMaster Northern Virginia Marisa Greear Evergreen Tiphanie J. Cole Maryland Charles Scott Northern Virginia Lynda Jeffries Evergreen Warren Deschenaux Maryland Michael Toland Northern Virginia Cynthia Scanlon Evergreen Daniel Faakye Maryland Christopher Cordell Hodan Oklahoma Toni Barnes Georgia Erin Grady Maryland Scott Avery Oregon/SW Washington Jeffrey Bright Georgia Rick Humphress Maryland David Jarvis Oregon/SW Washington Alicia Brown Georgia Alpha-Banu Huq Maryland Barbara Bole Philadelphia Area Juan Gordon, Sr. Georgia Roopan Jeyaruthan Maryland Alexis Brown Philadelphia Area Deatrice Haney Georgia Justice Mbuh Maryland Cecil Butler, III Philadelphia Area Yolanda Marshall Georgia Teresa Mixon Maryland Jeffrey Kinsky Philadelphia Area Mutinta Mazoka Georgia Revelie Niles Maryland Julianna Van Harskamp Philadelphia Area Natalie McClean Georgia Colleen Tomlinson Maryland Sharon Christopher Nations Georgia Chukunnonso B. Umunna Maryland Wofford-Singletary Piedmont Triad Carolyn Verser Georgia Chukwebuka Umunna Maryland Susan Hockenberry Pittsburgh Area Cassandra Wade Georgia Cecelia Walton Maryland Amanda Knopic Pittsburgh Area Franciso A. Steven Zwillinger Maryland Veronique Brooks Research Triangle Castillo-Fernandez Gold Coast Zachary Blake Massachusetts Janelle Jackson Research Triangle Matthue E. Goldstein Gold Coast Angela Fair Massachusetts Tijuana Locus Research Triangle Linda S. Hamilton Gold Coast Leon Gaumond, Jr. Massachusetts Shoshannah Tara Y. Harper Gold Coast Carole Johnson Massachusetts Seighman-Smith Research Triangle INSIDE:

President 16 Theory vs. Practice 19 ASPA TIMES Recruiter 27 Conferences Calendar 28 Advancing excellence in public service. . . Evergreen Chapter Members Travel to Japan’s Hyogo Prefecture, Speak at Seminar

David Broom and the University of Hyogo. Governor Ido praised efforts toward meeting those In early March 2006, a delegation goals. He spoke of ASPA and thanked the from Washington State visited the Hyogo Evergreen Chapter for fostering the Prefecture of Japan at the invitation of relationship that has developed with the University of Hyogo and the HAPSA. Hyogo Administrative Policy Studies Additional meetings were arranged for Association (HAPSA). members of the delegation. Van Verst met The delegation included Mary Van Verst, with HAPSA staff; Archibald met with immediate past president of the ASPA administrators from higher education Evergreen Chapter, and program develop- institutions; and Stevens met with ment and evaluation coordinator, directors of nonprofit organizations. Washington Commission for National and The delegation also visited the Human Community Service; ASPA member Renovation Museum, dedicated to the Sandra Archibald, dean and professor, victims of the Kobe earthquake and to Evans School of Public Affairs, University The Washington State delegation meets with Hyogo Prefecture's Governor and Professors from the disaster reduction in the future. The of Washington; and Chantal Stevens, exhibits were powerful reminders of the executive director, Sustainable Seattle. University of Hyogo's Center for International Relations. From L to R: Chantal Stevens; Mary Van Verst; Sandra Archibald; Governor Toshizo Ido; Yasuo Sakamoto, Vice President and Director; and vulnerabilities that are similarly shared by Western Washington and other portions of The delegates spoke at a seminar titled, Matsuyo Makino, Vice Director. “Public Policy Research and Education the United States. While in Kobe, the for Communities in the Era of delegation agreed to begin planing a Globalization,” hosted by the University The seminar was well attended by faculty, support following the Great Hanshin- conference, most likely on emergency of Hyogo, HAPSA and other partners students and government employees. Awaji earthquake that devastated Kobe in preparedness that could further develop from the Hyogo Prefecture. Masatomi Funaba and Matsuyo Makino, 1995. He recalled his visit to Washington the relationship between members of ASPA and HAPSA. Van Verst gave an overview of ASPA primary organizers of the seminar, State in 2003 and meeting Van Verst, at followed by a presentation titled, provided strong statements supporting the which time a commitment was made to Washington and the Hyogo Prefecture “AmeriCorps and Civic Engagement: collaboration between ASPA and HAPSA form a relationship between ASPA and a have had a sister-state agreement for over Sustaining and Creating Habits of the during a panel discussion. A reception for similar organization in the Hyogo 40 years. In October 2003, the Evergreen Heart.” Sandra Archibald’s presentation all attendees was hosted by HAPSA Prefecture. Chapter entered into a formal collabora- following the seminar. The delegation was tion with HAPSA. was “Public Policy Research and Governor Ido mentioned agreements that Education in a Networked World,” which later treated to a dinner cruise–a gift from were made during Governor Christine ASPA member David Broom is the District included innovative directions taken by Vice President Sakamoto of the University Gregoire’s trade mission to Japan in V representative to ASPA’s National the Evans School. Chantal Stevens spoke of Hyogo. September 2005. Sandra Archibald was Council and a program supervisor at the about indicators of a sustainable The delegation had an extended visit with Energy & Utility Assistance Programs in community in her presentation part of that delegation when a formal Hyogo Prefecture’s Governor Toshizo Ido, agreement was made to move forward on the Seattle Mayor’s Office for Seniors. “Sustainable Seattle: From Measuring E-mail: [email protected] Progress to Changing the Future.” who thanked Washington State for its a partnership between the Evans School Pride SG Calls for Active Volunteers

Audrey Mathews visible and gains participation of ASPA’s • Cover Rubin’s paper and ASPA’s major New e-mail or sections, chapters, other associations “drumbeats”: social equity; ethical The Pride Steering Group seeks ASPA and government organizations. What is administration, performance and mailing address? members who are eager and willing to that? How can we insure the plans we accountability; and professionalism develop are carried to fruition? That is assume leadership roles in executing the • Focus on the issues of the day Pride Steering Group’s work during the our challenge. • Use as a marketing theme to other year 2006-07. We wish to note that recommendations on organizations, sections, chapters, Update your membership activities that will assist the Steering Group Our mission is outlined in the ASPA government agencies. record online. Strategic Plan 2004-2008, which is in executing its mission are welcome. The available to all members on the ASPA Group’s actual activities will be decided at • Create “District Reach-Out” by asking website www.aspanet.org. our July meeting. local government and universities to participate in the debate The first telephone conference meeting for The suggested activities below are broad this group will be in July, the date to be in nature, yet may allow us to accomplish • Involve more members in action teams determined based on response to this call our mission in the short term, ie. by March 2007. • Use ASPA’s website and electronic for participants. Most of our work will be communications effectively and done via email and teleconferencing. Suggested Activities efficiently. There will be a physical meeting of this Build on the Donald Stone lecture from last year by establishing Rubin’s paper as a Academy Awards Night or Afternoon. Find group in September at ASPA’s Leadership an auditorium or hall that is set up in www.aspanet.org mid-year meetings and also at the 2007 national theme to be discussed at chapter and section meetings, as well as other theatre style with a foyer for a reception. conference, March 23-March 27. Both Awards are presented and photographs or meetings will be held in Washington, DC. associations and government agencies, with the results of those discussions to be videos are taken during the ceremony. For the remainder of 2006-07, we wish to presented at the national conference. This Highlights of the Academy awards would focus on what can be accomplished that is initiative could incorporate these strategies: See PRIDE SG, pg. 16 PAGE 16 PA TIMES • JULY 2006 American Society for Public Administration

PRESIDENT’S COLUMN Wemdy A. Haynes

Stewardship: The Attitude that Unites Us in Public Service?

These last months, we note the passing of marvelous undertaking. Fortunately, our the banner of economic development.” I urge you to read the impassioned friends and colleagues who have been compatriots in the field provide a wealth message delivered by Professor Emeritus We might also read of the recently important to us in many ways. And, given of material on the topic and the journey Irene Sharp Rubin on the occasion of the disclosed tale of the theft of Veterans’ the cycle of life, we will say goodbye to requires more harvesting than planting. 2006 Donald C. Stone Lecture at our Administration (VA) data. According to many others as time goes on. But we also national conference this year in Denver, This month, PA TIMES features a special AP reports, nearly all active-duty military, have the opportunity to welcome new Colorado (access full text at section on protecting people and property Guard, and Reserve members–about 2.2 comers to the field and to explore www.aspanet.org). She speaks to “the in the 21st century. At this writing, I do million–may be at risk for identity theft concepts new and old that inspire us in the eroding components of democratic not know what will ultimately be included because their personal information was field we love. In doing so, we celebrate governance” and urges public administra- in this July edition. Nonetheless, I’m among the data stolen from a Virginia the memory of those who have lighted our tors to take steps to repair the damage: confident that the articles reflect what employee in May. We do not know how way before and the rich potential of those “Academics can help, but how career Fredrickson and Hart identified as the the story will play out, but it should serve bright lights yet to come. officials respond to this crumbling primary duty of public servants: “[T]o be as a wake-up call to the vulnerabilities infrastructure is key because the process Elsewhere in PA TIMES you will find a the guardians and guarantors of the created by what may be a lag between by which they carry out their daily tasks column that honors my earlier commit- regime values for the American technological advancements and our gives substance to or denies democracy. ment to keep you apprised of initiatives public….[that is,] the absolute values exercise of stewardship duties to Democratic governance comes not just we’re pursuing under ASPA’s 2004-2008 which all elected officials and public safeguard sensitive information. from the top down, but also from the strategic plan. That’s important informa- servants are sworn to protect.” Note, however, that the problem crosses bottom up.” tion, to be sure. But I cannot pass up this Fredrickson and others, echoing the sectoral lines, as evidenced by Atlanta- fine opportunity to muse with you about Rubin’s words also go to the heart of our Minnowbrook dialogues and before, note based ChoicePoint’s 2005 disclosure that the importance of public administration stewardship role in public service. Her that the ideal of American democracy criminals posing as legitimate business “with an attitude” of stewardship. (Thank passionate admonition–and the concerns embodies the notion of a special relation- gained access to their databases, which you, H. George Frederickson.) Bear with expressed by others–moved the National ship between public servants and reportedly contained a “treasure trove” of me. I’m out of my comfort zone, but Council to question whether ASPA is citizens–“that all public administration social security numbers and other willingly go there in fulfillment of my fulfilling its mission, which includes being must rest upon, and be guided by, the consumer information. role as your president. a recognized voice on important policy moral truths embodied in the enabling The Supreme Court’s May 30, 2006 ruling issues. To that end, I will this summer be Throughout a multi-decade career in what documents of our national foundation.” to limit whistle-blower rights certainly convening a group of public service leaders Comptroller General David Walker refers to Surely, this patriotism of benevolence merits inclusion in a discussion about to explore ways and means for creating as the “accountability profession,” I’ve had guides and constrains us in our public protecting people and their individual ever-better arenas for lively dialogue on the the privilege of examining how effectively, stewardship roles. And, perhaps, marks a rights. The majority opinion evoked a issues of the day and the ideals we promise efficiently, and equitably publicly funded significant difference between public dissent from Justice Souter, who wrote: to protect and defend as citizens and public programs do what they were charged to do. stewards and private actors. “Private and public interest in addressing service professionals. Please step forward My newer role as a full-time faculty The topics could easily encompass the official wrongdoing and threats to health with your thoughts and assistance. (See member, however, requires that I imbue my disturbing implications for exercise of and safety can outweigh the government’s related article on Pride Steering Group graduate students with an appreciation for eminent domain powers in the 2005 U.S. stake in the efficient implementation of plans for the coming year.) the obligations of public administrators to Supreme Court case Kelo v. City of New policy, and when they do, public employ- promote and pursue the values that we as a Warm wishes for an adventurous and London, whereby private property was ees who speak on these matters in the profession hold dear. restorative summer. “taken” and transferred to another private course of their duties should be eligible to And now, as your president, part of my party. In the view of many, including the claim First Amendment protection.” His ASPA member Wendy A. Haynes is ASPA’s duty entails inspirational observations stinging dissenting opinion of Justice deceptively simple declaration goes to the president and an associate professor and about the state and future of public O’Connor, no property is now safe from heart of our stewardship obligations as we MPA coordinator at Bridgewater State administration and ASPA’s voice in that transfer to another private owner “under pursue excellence in public service. College. E-mail: [email protected]

Pride SG Seeks Volunteers ASPA Contributors

From PRIDE SG, pg. 15 range of members Supporting Contributors Sustaining Contributors • Focus on ASPA’s accomplishments by William T. Tyrrell David S. Arnold be posted on ASPA’s website. Recipients, recognizing the contributions of our Voorheesville, NY Falls Church, VA families and organizations could purchase members to the field a copy of the video or photos for a reason- Richard E. Hill Francis T. Kain able price as a remembrance. The strategies for executing our contribu- Sacramento, CA Ormond Beach, FL tion to ASPA’s mission will be decided by Jennifer Alexander Endowment Contributors Consistent with the 2004-2008 Strategic the appointed action team members and Cleveland, OH Plan, we could: leaders of the Pride Steering Group. Richard T. Moore Frank McKenna • Use as a marketing theme to other Boston, MA To participate in Pride activities, please Bowling Green, OH organizations, sections, chapters, contact Audrey L. Mathews, Steering Anita White government agencies, members and Stephen C. Benowitz Group Chair, at [email protected] or Denver, CO families and friends 909-881-8618. Vashon, WA Individual Contributors • Involve more members in action teams If our mission and strategies do not push James L. Christensen your “volunteer button” then look into Madison, WI • Make effective and efficient use of Sandford Blitz joining Performance SG or Capacity SG. ASPA’s website and electronic Hudson, ME Contact ASPA President Wendy Haynes communications with questions or comments, Patrick R. Brannigan • Be creative with conferences and other [email protected]. Pennington, NJ programs to meet the needs of a broad American Society for Public Administration PA TIMES • JULY 2006 PAGE 17 In Memory ASPA Remembers Larry Terry, PAR Editor 1999-2005

achieved those goals. In either case he let one who could be counted on to make a you know that he was proud of you. In difference. Steve Ott wrote to me recently the end you worked that much harder to that he knew Larry was too busy to accept ensure that his pride was not misplaced. I a position on the board of Pi Alpha Alpha, think that for myself and for all of Larry’s but he was not surprised when Larry students, we will continue to work hard to cheerfully accepted because he knew the be worthy of his pride and to ensure that value of Pi Alpha Alpha to our profession. his legacy–the one he cared so deeply about–is secure. I have known Larry for many years both as a friend and a colleague. From service Shelly L. Peffer on the PAR board for many years, I Past PAR Managing Editor admired his ability to get things done. The University of Texas at Dallas When he recruited me to join him at UT- Dallas, he conveyed excitement about Larry Terry positively touched an incredi- building a special program in public ble number of lives. Professionally, he Larry Terry (second from left) poses with a few of his PAR team members (Shelly Peffer, Camilla affairs. Once I arrived here, he was the was many things to many people–stellar greatest supporter of the program from his Stivers and Jae Moon) as well as former PAR editor Chester Newland during the the 2005 ASPA contributor to the field of public adminis- national Conference. position in the Provost’s Office. He made tration, superb teacher, leader, exceptional sure that the president, provost and dean mentor and role model, generator of understood how important our field is to opportunities for students and colleagues producing leaders for our democracy. Larry and I got to know each other 20 intellectual plans to fruition. Yet his at home and abroad and much more. years ago at the Center for Public intellectual legacy is rich. Not long ago, Larry left his position as Administration and Policy at Virginia Tech. Socially, he was a close friend to many of executive vice provost to become the vice It happened that we took our prelim exams Larry was always larger than life. His us. We will all fill our great sense of loss death has torn a hole in the fabric of the president of business affairs. We joked at the same time. I’m not sure why we hit with different memories and aspirations to that he was the “city manager of the it off the way we did. We were at opposite field and a hole in the hearts of his friends fulfill Larry’s expectations of us. My own and colleagues. We treasure what he gave university” now and he liked the title. ends of the political spectrum and I was memories will be mostly wrapped up in Following his death, the University more than half a generation older. Larry us and mourn, beyond words, what we Public Administration Review (PAR). Mel have lost. president held a meeting to celebrate told me he was a Black Republican and Dubnick’s and my decision to ask Larry Larry’s life. Approximately 100 seats they met in a phone booth. (How times Cam Stivers to be book review editor was surely were set up for the meeting. To no one’s change.) We valued each other’s perspec- Past PAR Associate Editor among our very best. Larry treated the surprise who knew Larry well, 400 people tive on the subtleties of making it through Cleveland State University book review editorship as an apprentice- from the University alone were present, doctoral education successfully, and it just ship for potentially becoming PAR’s Larry wrote a significant number of all very sad because he had touched all of grew from there, especially after we were editor-in-chief–a position in which he them in different ways. Present were both at Cleveland State. We listened to one articles that were published in prestigious later excelled, bring the journal to its journals, one book, which is in its second distinguished scholars, members of the another a lot over the years. I believe Larry highest level to date. While editor-in- upper administration and hundreds of was savvy about academic politics printing, and another that will be chief, Larry often called to discuss published posthumously. The volume of secretaries, maintenance workers and beginning in his crib. editorial problems, including those with others who Larry knew by name. his writings, however, is smaller than that authors and reviewers, and opportunities In the mid-80s I asked Larry to participate of some of his peers. I once asked him to ratchet PAR up a notch or two. While listening to stories about the love in an ASPA panel I was organizing on why he didn’t write more. His response and affection that people of all levels held gender and leadership. Always game, was simple. He did not write just for the The calls that best captured Larry’s essence for him, I realized what a great administra- Larry said yes. His presentation was the sake of writing, because he did not for me, though, came earlier. During one of tor he was. When Larry went to the offices highlight of the panel. As an exemplar of believe that his writings would be his the years when he was book review editor, of the various deans on campus, he always masculine leadership, Larry offered legacy; instead, he believed that his I stayed home in the mornings with my spoke to each person in the office and he Harriet Tubman; of feminine leadership, legacy would be his students. youngest daughter before taking her to knew their names. He inspired the people Martin Luther King. half-day, afternoon kindergarten. She loved I was privileged enough to know Larry as who worked for him to feel that they were to play a board game called “Stop Light.” doing something very important in the life Working with Larry on PAR was a professor, a boss and a friend for over Larry often called on PAR business during somewhat like holding onto a jet plane as 13 years. In all of that time and in all of of the university, something that they had those mornings. The conversation went not felt before. He was a distinguished it soared into the air. He had endless good those roles he never stopped teaching. He like this: ideas: the Building Bridges tour, the taught me to be a better student, a better scholar, but he was just as comfortable special issue on September 11, the Rapid scholar and a better teacher. LDT: Is this an ok time? giving high fives to the maintenance Response system of manuscript reviews, DR: Yes. workers who worked for him as he was the editors’ choice awards, the affiliation I remember the first class that I was LDT: What are you doing? presenting his scholarly research. assigned to teach and the terror I felt at with Blackwell. His vision of what PAR DR: Stop Light. We have lost a wonderful and true friend. could do was completely clear to him the prospect. Larry coached me and gave LDT: Is she winning or losing? me several of his patent motivational talks The field has lost one of its giants. UTD almost from the day he took over. His has lost its best administrator. political savvy made him a master at to help me prepare. After the fist class, I If I responded, “winning,” he’d say, “Ok, negotiating the various minefields that are went to his office almost in tears and I’ll call later.” If she was losing, he’d Douglas Watson the special challenge of a journal editor. proceeded to tell him that he was wrong talk–often long enough to ensure that Univeristy of Texas, Dallas about me–I was not up to the task of we’d be unable to finish the game. That He made PAR a great many friends and I facing 40 undergraduate students who just was pure Larry–neither he nor PAR would I have been thinking of nothing but Larry believe virtually no lasting enemies. His stared blankly at me. He grilled me–not interfere with a child’s victory, but if he Terry in the past few days. If I had to sum center of gravity was his sense of the field about what I taught–but about how I could legitimately and productively use up my impression of him overall, it would and its significance. He was the kind of approached the class. I said that I did it PAR to prevent her loss, he would. Larry’s be as a serious scholar, with equal emphasis leader he wrote about: a conservator, one just like he did. He immediately started positive outlook and balance permeated on serious and scholar. He sought intellec- who preserves and protects the core laughing and said that was the problem. I his writing, editing, teaching, collegiality tual legitimacy for himself and the field as values of the enterprise so that it can was trying to be him and it wasn’t natural. and friendships. They are what I will a whole, thoroughly researching and deeply develop coherently. He was someone who remember and treasure most about him. considering every project he touched. He took traditions seriously and at the same Of course the class saw right through that. had a respect for the founders of our field time was never afraid of new ideas. Larry taught me to embrace and use my David H. Rosenbloom and its major intellectual contributors that own strengths (and quirks, as Larry put it) Past PAR Editor showed in everything he did. Larry was intrigued by the historical roots to engage the class and get them on my American University of the field. The last time I talked with side. After the second class I went to his He took every assignment seriously. When him, he spoke enthusiastically about his Larry Terry was one of the giants in I was editor of PAR and asked him if he office with a smile on my face and said public administration. His impact on our work on a re-discovered document those dreaded words: “You were right.” would edit the book review section, he connected to the Brownlow Committee. He field through his highly-acclaimed book, accepted with the hope that it would lead talked about getting back to the work on Larry had a true love for his students. He Leadership of Public Bureaucracies: The to an editorship of the journal in the future. Lorenz von Stein he had set aside in order felt a pride in his students’ accomplish- Administrator as Conservator, and The job was perhaps less than he wanted at to become editor of PAR. He had a lot left ments that was greater than that of his through his six years as editor of Public that time, but he did a stellar job of it, and to write. The quality of the work Larry did own accomplishments. He was constantly Administration Review earned a place for he did later become editor of the journal. produce hints at what public administration encouraging his students to reach for him as one of the leading scholars of this scholarship has lost because he didn’t get a goals that they had never before thought era. His death created a void not only in Nothing stopped him. He had allergies and possible. He was there for students when scholarship but in leadership in our chance to bring the rest of his ideas and See LARRY TERRY, pg. 18 they faltered and when they eventually societies and journals. Larry was always PAGE 18 PA TIMES • JULY 2006 American Society for Public Administration In Memory ASPA Remembers Larry Terry, PAR Editor 1999-2005

From LARRY TERRY, pg. 17 thoroughly digital-era publication. inspiration to so many in so many different feel part of a supportive family; a long line Editorial, production, distribution, and walks of life. Yes, with a lot of tears we of equally passionate people struggling marketing processes were all revised to fit bid farewell to Larry Terry….. with the meaning of public work. He asthma, and travel was especially difficult electronic publishing requirements. assured us that our voices count in our because he never knew what he might Richard Stillman academic field, just like the voices of encounter that would make breathing Reviews of manuscripts were targeted at Current PAR Editor citizens make a difference in our practice. difficult. But he kept on traveling, taking 30 days, and an average of 33 days was University of Colorado, Denver his administrative responsibilities as achieved (a major contrast to less respon- His leadership and guidance will resonate sible standards of most journals). PAR Larry believed in the power of “big ideas.” in our minds and hearts as we grow seriously as his intellectual ones. Maybe Big ideas, according to Larry, engaged a because he never knew exactly when his became electronically archived by within our careers. We all hope to live up JSTOR, reaching back to 1940 and broad range of intellectual minds; they to his expectations, and hope that we will breath might give out, he lived with sparked debate, conversation, but most intensity and an awareness of consequence. through all issues. Enhanced resources be a part of his living legacy. Larry Terry facilitated an increase in PAR’s pages per importantly, they served to broaden human was not only what he created, but what he I am stunned by his early death, and keep volume from 96 to 128 and then to 160 understanding and provide a more thought- enabled to happen. Because his support of remembering that he insisted on calling me beginning in 2006. ful, constitutionally grounded foundation our effort is so exemplary of his ethos, "chief," short for editor in chief, on the one for the ways in which the Administrative several of us are starting a conversation hand a tongue in cheek reference to a title In November/December 2005, in his State should be conserved. about establishing a doctoral student that was perhaps over the top, but on the outgoing editorial report in PAR, Larry scholarship to the annual ASPA confer- Terry wrote what may serve as a Larry’s work, as well as his role as editor- other, a recognition of rank and hierarchy in-chief of Public Administration Review, ence in Dr. Terry’s name. that structured his view of the world. tragically early but splendidly fitting epitaph: “I linked the journal [in 2000] to focused largely on ways to improve Margaret Stout Deeply conservative in the best sense of the democracy and democratic institutions word, Larry Terry always gave people their larger aims and aspirations. I made the Doctoral Student case that, since its inception, PAR has within the American Constitutional Arizona State University due respect. And he will always have ours Republic. His work changed–and vastly in return. I know that meant a lot to him. participated in the ongoing process of strengthening democracy at home and improved– our theoretical and practical I knew Larry Terry as the editor who Irene Rubin abroad. …Good administration is inextri- understanding of public administration. stopped a young scholar in the hallway at Past PAR Editor cably linked to the preservation of a a conference. As I watched, Larry smiled The field has lost one of its brightest stars; and asked her, “Are we still friends, even Northern Illinois University political regime. I strongly believed this I have lost the most important person in then, and I believe it even more so now as though we didn’t accept your paper?” As Larry Terry’s memorable professional life my life; but Larry’s work lives on and will the faculty member smiled and the was that of an exemplary bridge builder. I end my tenure as editor in chief. be read, admired, and cited for years to Farewell–it has been an honor to serve.– distance melted, I saw one of Larry’s He practiced deep and sustained faith in come–and in the darkest hours of the night, great qualities, not only as an editor, but shared discipline of constitutional LDT.” Larry’s words are, genuinely, a when the rest of the world sleeps, I find personal epitaph of his exemplary life as a also as a leader in public administration democracy: an authoritative rule of law in extraordinary comfort in the legacy and nationally. He brought a great humanity to support of human dignity. As a thought- bridge builder who advanced the contribution Larry left behind. discipline of constitutional democracy as the research and practice of public fully informed builder, he vigorously Stephanie Newbold administration. encouraged practices and scholarship to a shared blessing for humanity. Virginia Tech & The core value I saw expressed in each advance responsible governance ideals Farewell indeed, sadly. But treasured University of Texas at Dallas within and among varied communities blessings live on from Larry Terry’s meeting or conversation I had with Larry locally, regionally, nationally, and globally. sustained professionalism and expertise, I am writing on behalf of a group of was his great love of people. He had the emergent scholars who met in Texas last wonderful quality of bringing out the best Distinguished leadership as editor in chief devoted to responsible governance to facilitate human dignity. December at a symposium. As might be in each person, whether as a scholar, of the Public Administration Review for guessed, Dr. Terry figured prominently in researcher, teacher, editorial board two three-year terms and exceptional Chester Newlasd our experience. I will not elaborate on Dr. member, or practitioner. service as PAR’s book review editor Past PAR Editor Terry’s importance as a leader in our field, As Larry started his term as editor in chief during five earlier years demonstrated University of Southern California as one of the theorists to best capture the Larry’s unswerving devotion to responsi- of Public Administration Review, his With a lot of tears we bid farewell to Larry ethical and principled agent perspective on nation-wide set of meetings with the ble practices of politics and public the role of the public administrator, and as administration and to connectedness of Terry at his funeral, Friday afternoon, June public administration community in 23, 2006, at the Full Gospel Family living proof that people of color can rise to various cities demonstrated one of his academic inquiry in their support. In his prominence so deserved in the academy. first PAR editorial in January/February Ministries in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The large notable leadership values of inclusion. church, decked with flowers, was packed To us, Dr. Terry was also a generous and 2000, he identified the inception of the supportive mentor. In editorial board meetings, he moved the journal with the challenging 20th Century with his many family, friends, and colleagues whom he had touched through- discussions along with high effectiveness. struggles against totalitarianism. He Larry Terry welcomed 20 emergent Significantly, the leadership distinction I headlined PAR’s “Sixty Years of out his much too short life. There were scholars to a conference dedicated to the moving tributes from his 1972 classmate at experienced was one of his embrace of Strengthening and Preserving exploration of our community and what it accountability for the quality of Public Democracy,” and he pledged to sustain Booker T. Washington High School., Doris means to be public administration. In co- McKnight; from a relative who was the Administration Review and for the timeli- that large purpose throughout his service. sponsoring the Emergent Scholars ness for responding to writers. Church Elder, Kenshun Davis; from the symposium, Dr. Terry demonstrated his Facilitative leadership through broadly President of the University of Texas at never-ending dedication to the empower- I remember Larry Terry as a man of shared, high-involvement processes Dallas, David Daniels; and from each of ment of students, the inspiration of action, leading with integrity, embracing became the hallmark of Larry Terry’s his sons: Larry II, Feliz, Jacob, and Gavin. intellectual exploration, the perpetuation accountability, and connecting with style during the Fall 1999 Building The music throughout the service was of the field, and the trust and confidence splendid humanity. I feel his loss deeply Bridges Tour, as he, Cam Stivers, Larry deeply moving: a petite, young vocalist, he felt toward those who share a vision and embrace deep responsibility to Luton, and what became hundreds of Theresa McHenry, awed us by singing a and mission to create meaning and a sense advancing his life work by building others engaged in shared searches for powerful, old-time gospel spiritual; a of purpose in public administration. communities of public administration ways to enhance the field of public combo playing an electronic keyboard, through connectedness of humanity and a administration through PAR and ASPA. trumpet, and drums performed several During the planning of the symposium, commitment to inclusion and integrity. musical tributes that mixed jazz, blues, Dr. Terry fully empowered the student From those initial efforts and throughout conveners (Trish Nickel and Larry Terry Rich Callahan the next six years, two themes predomi- with traditional hymns. Even Bishop Harold Jones’s eulogy was delivered by a II) to explore whatever format would be University of Southern California nated in the journal’s work and in much most fruitful without question. Almost to else in Larry’s professional life: needed blend of modern, street hip-hop and syncopated, ragtime, vocal rhythms but a fault–his response to most queries was, connectedness among practitioners and “It’s your conference.” He really For those who might wish to recognize academicians (an endeavor that earlier with a clear, potent, Protestant Message: Larry’s life was lived with passionate love. understood the meaning of our effort and Dr. Terry, the Terry family suggests that characterized editorial efforts of Dwight helped us to live into it—never doubting Waldo, among others) and attentiveness to We should fashion our own lives according donations be made to the following fund: to his example because in the Bishop’s our abilities to pull it off. Yet, he was an past and current lessons and on-going energetic champion to bring the necessary aspirations of responsible civilization. singsong refrain, “You don’t ever see hearses with u-hauls attached!” Within our resources to host up to 25 graduate Larry D. Terry Emerging Leaders Publishing was undergoing epochal own public administration community, we students for a three-day stay. He firmly Scholarship Endowment believed in fostering a new generation of changes when Larry Terry became PAR’s tend to forget that Larry’s life played not Office of Development, The University of editor in chief, and, with assembled just one melody but rather many. We were passionate scholars. Texas at Dallas, P.O. Box 830688, MP13, colleagues, he devoted enormous intellect privileged to hear one line of Larry’s rich At the welcoming reception, he was inspir- and informed efforts not simply to transi- music, or rather his life’s magnificent ing and effervescent, yet unassuming, Richardson, TX 75083-0688 tion but to transform the Review into a symphony, that brought love, joy, and warm and caring in nature. He made us American Society for Public Administration PA TIMES • JULY 2006 PAGE 19 Theory vs. Practice Mad Professor on Local Issues

Icarus* just moved forward. At this level, elected that exemption. It was proposed by the certain number of gallons? Not reps (including me) really respond to Finance Tax Policy Subcommittee, really–anyone would get the tax waiver *Please note that the author has requested citizens’ complaints. postponed, and now the mayor has for their home fill-up regardless of anonymity in order that he may write freely When we sell land it goes into something appointed a task force to hold hearings on number of gallons. We just want to ensure about his experience serving on his local called our “Lands Fund” which is used to the issue. That was a surprise to me. It it is used for home heating and not for city council. purchase other land or properties. So now was announced out of the blue–a mayoral some other purpose. I suggested we might fiat–and I vented some frustration in our ask people to sign an affidavit affirming it I have been an elected city council certain groups are salivating over a new last public meeting. Afterwards, the was for home heating. member for five months now and pot of money. I met with Betty Nelson, mayor apologized and otherwise stroked everything still seems new to me. I have chair of the ad hoc committee for a If we did decided to change the policy me. He also followed up the next day with always been much more focused on state, proposed new Performing Arts Center. how would we let citizens know about it? an apology to the whole Council about national and international politics. Local Which citizens? We can call up the guy Betty wants to use the Big Box money to doing this without notifying us. issues always seemed so mundane and buy the old Gannett building and designate who complained–but what about others uninteresting. While they may be it as the site for a new Performing Arts Bicycle Helmets who are affected? We could get a list of mundane–they are far from uninteresting. Center. A string of arts people lined up to Last Council Meeting I held the short end everyone living on Goose Island (maybe They have their own complexities and advocate this use. The Council (myself of the stick on several votes. One of them 13 houses) and notify them by mail. political dynamics. included) is interested in acquiring the was an ordinance requiring bicycle What about others who live off the helmets for riders under the age of 18. I Each week there are more issues and more Gannett building–which is right next to our mainland? There are a number of scattered was opposed for several reasons. While of constituencies to deal with. I am also the convention center–but we are not ready to houses at the south of George Island. And course we should try to protect our kids, I only person on the Council who hasn’t dedicate it to a particular use. what about those who live off the road have libertarian tendencies and resist lived here at least several decades. I am system, but still on the mainland? And I immediately started thinking about government usurping parental authority or definitely NOT part of the good-old-boy what about people who live on boats? competing demands for money and for protecting us from ourselves. network, and I do not know the traditional space. The new high school still needs All of a sudden, I realize there are a lot of cast of characters. Sometimes my money. The airport wants money for I also had a concern about implementa- people who aren’t getting the benefit. How colleagues take positions and only later do remodeling. The advocates of a water park tion. How do you actually enforce this? could we find them and how could we I discover there was some long term politi- want their proposal advanced. But since What happens when the police pull a kid notify them? Should we just give the cal or personality issue going on. there is no need for the Council to decide over? Do they ask the kid where their benefit to complainers? Should we take out house is and drive there? Do they haul the Big Box Land Dollars anything immediately, the whole issue just a big ad in the paper? All of a sudden, the kid into the station? What if the kid is Woo Hoo! Another Big Box is coming to sort of slips into the background. We mechanics of implementation are much riding miles from his house? A kid doesn’t town and they are going to buy a chunk of address things that are “urgent.” more complex than I originally thought have a drivers license and a bike has no city land for some $4 million bucks. There –shades of Wildavsky! I back off, telling Senior Citizen’s Tax Exemption license plates to check ID. hasn’t been opposition as there was Senior citizens have been exempted from the city manager I will trust his judgment. towards Wal Mart–even though it certainly sales tax for years, but now with the I suppose it just gives police the opportu- No-Smoking Ordinance will force out some small businesses. And percentage of seniors rising–and seniors nity to stop kids and lecture them. They Last Monday was about the quickest since nobody has complained, the sale has living longer–there is a move to rescind probably will never write a ticket. But meeting we have had–not much more than implementation is not the Council’s an hour. No controversial hearings and no concern, it seems. Is that the way it public participation. Last month we passed should be? Should legislators not concern a resolution 8-1 (me opposing) to table a themselves with issues of implementation, protest about several bar/restaurants who but simply leave that to public managers? were not abiding by the current no-smoking Since we don’t have anything similar for ordinance. The motion was to table until the roller blades, skateboards, or even four city manager could consult with the wheelers (ATVs), I moved to have the establishments to “work out a compliance ordinance sent back to the Committee of plan,” and the city attorney could report on the Whole to amend and revise. That interpretation of the ordinance. motion was defeated 5-4 with the mayor So tonight I asked staff to give me a status providing the deciding no vote. Then the report on their progress. The city attorney whole ordinance was voted on and it was said he had been out of town- but would passed 7-2. “get at it.” And the city manager said he What was interesting was that my individ- “forgot about it.” Lesson? To “table” ual rights argument did not resonate with really means “forget about” unless the supposed conservatives on the someone makes an issue of it. Council. The only no votes were from two The no-smoking ordinance provides more supposed liberals!! That puzzled me. lessons for me–both in implementation Heating Oil Sales Tax and in politics. The current ordinance Exemption–Implementation bans smoking immediately for restaurants A few months back, with fuel prices and other establishments, but delays climbing, the Council approved waiving enforcement for bars until January 1, sales tax for heating fuel for the winter. 2008. However, there is a disagreement Residents on several islands are about the definition of “bar.” A number of effectively excluded because of difficul- dining establishments that have liquor ties in implementation. With residents on licenses are calling themselves bars and the mainland, you implement the tax relief say they do not have to comply until through the bulk fuel delivery retailers. 2008. I complained that the city is But there is no bulk delivery to island allowing this loophole. residents. Those individuals collect their But how would the police enforce it? fuel, however they can, and boat it over to Would they only respond to complaints? their residence. Because of implementa- Would they “patrol?” Would they send out tion problems, they are deprived of undercover agents? If they responded to equality under the law. Our tax people are another call in a bar would they ignore reluctant to give the waiver to anybody someone who was smoking? filling up five gallon jugs in their boat. Because of the confusion I tell the city Let’s say we want to extend the sales tax attorney I may propose to move up the date waiver to folks on Goose Island. The of total compliance. Shortly thereafter, I ordinance says it will waive sales tax on received several calls from irate bar owners “bulk fuel used for home heating”–How accusing me of revising a compromise that do public managers in charge of adminis- was negotiated by all parties several years tering the program define bulk fuel when ago. I also get a call from the anti-smoking island residents come to the dock and leader, Sarah, pushing me to move up the want to fill fuel containers. What does “bulk” mean? Is it above a See MAD PROFESSOR, pg. 21 PAGE 20 PA TIMES • JULY 2006 American Society for Public Administration ASPA Commentary–Point ASPA Should Take a Stand Regarding Policy Issues

Reuben Leslie For decades, through the mid-nineties, needed. I am grateful to the National tion ASPA issued many policy statements. Council for responding appropriately to • To encourage the improvement of Since the elimination of the policy issues the immediate issue and for reassessing I take the "yes" position on this issue public service because I believe ASPA cannot, in good committee and national assembly as a the policy resolutions process. forum for consideration of policy resolu- To advance generally the science, conscience, do otherwise. Currently, our There is no better way to be recognized as • tions at national conferences, ASPA has processes, and art of public administra- top strategic goal is to be a recognized the voice for our profession than to speak issued none. Critical issues did not stop tion voice for issues and values in public up when the circumstances demand. policy, management and practice. arising; ASPA’s facility in addressing them did. That’s what ASPA is for. Just read the Consistent with those purposes, the The ASPA that I know and love aspires to Bylaws, Article I, quoted below: Society undertakes its professional and In March 2003 at ASPA’s national confer- lead the profession in new theory and ASPA BYLAWS, Article I: Purposes (see educational activities to advance and practice and to be the voice for public ence in Washington, DC, Marc Holzer advocate excellence in public service by: disturbed the annual membership highlighted portion) administration values addressing the • Upholding and promoting integrity, issues important to our profession. In (business) meeting by introducing a The American Society for Public resolution for U.S. reliance on the U.N. Administration ("Society") is a corpora- ethics, and professionalism in the public other words, ASPA strives to be the service conscience and inspiration for democratic and against the pre-emptive rush to war tion under the general not for profit governance as well as the trailblazer for on Iraq. That example came to mind when corporation act of the State of Illinois, • Promoting the equality of opportunity of efficiency in government. I heard Irene Sharp Rubin’s lecture and incorporated September 13, 1945. From all persons through public administration Q&A that included the “We can do this!” 1939 to 1945, there existed an unincorpo- To be silent, as ASPA has for too long, on message on what individuals and ASPA as rated association known as ASPA. Upon • Taking positions on (1) policy issues public policy issues and actions that an organization can and must do to correct incorporation of ASPA in 1945, members dealing with professional standards and threaten ethical public administration is to widespread unethical and unconstitutional of the unincorporated association became the image of the public service, (2) fail to fulfill our organization’s purpose: practices. members of the ASPA corporation. policy issues with implications for the upholding the integrity, ethics, and profes- management of public organizations and sionalism of public service. That’s why with apologies to colleagues The Society is organized for the following the workplace environment, and (3) who believe ASPA should not take on educational and scientific purposes, as policy issues relating to major program This part of ASPA’s mission can cause the controversial issues, I proposed a resolu- stated in its articles of incorporation: areas of public agencies. discomfort of role conflict for individual tion at the business meeting in Denver to members who may need to be silent on address allegations by credible sources • To facilitate the exchange of knowledge ASPA member Reuben Leslie has been a some issues in some forums, even ASPA, and the President’s own assertion of and results of experience among persons member since 1990. E-mail: [email protected] for many reasons. Some question whether interested or engaged in the field of powers not provided for in the U.S. The opinions stated in this article do not ASPA should take on any controversial public administration Constitution by asking the U.S. Congress reflect the official position of ASPA or the issue lest it alienate any current or to begin impeachment proceedings against • To encourage the collection, compila- or the organizations they represent. If you potential members. President Bush for abuse of power. The tion, and dissemination of information wish to respond to this article or submit Many members attend national confer- debate that resulted, while inconvenient on matters relating to public administra- questions email [email protected]. ences while working for governments that because of a tight schedule, was collegial, prohibit employees’ political activities passionate and participatory. The result, while on duty. Many travel at their own after friendly amendment, was a near expense on personal time to ASPA confer- consensus vote to “ask the National M.E. Sharpe ences and are not so constrained, offset- Council to consider public expression of Now available from ting the burden on personal finances with concern about possible violation of the freedom to express opinions. But such an U.S. Constitution by the President individual finds ASPA’s current organiza- tomorrow.” Public Integrity tional policies, procedures and practices The next item of business was another hostile to considering, much less issuing, near consensus vote, after noting that Editor: James S. Bowman position statements. Consider the current ASPA’s steepest decline in membership Managing Editor: Jonathan P. West theoretical process, if you can find and has coincided with its failure to speak out follow it through. Or consider its output. on issues, to revisit how ASPA taps its Public Integrity is the foremost journal on ethics and conscience and finds its voice when leadership in all aspects of modern public service. Written for both scholars and practitioners as well as concerned citizens, its driving force is the notion of integrity that is so basic a part of democratic life. The journal features refereed articles, case studies, exemplar profiles, field reports, commentaries, and book reviews on a broad Would you like to respond spectrum of ethical concerns in local, state, national, and international affairs. to the ASPA Commentary articles “Each volume of Public Integrity is a delight to read for scholars and practitioners who presented in this issue? want to stay current on ethical issues and research so vital to all aspects of modern public administration.” – Richard Stillman, University of Colorado

A journal of the American Society for Public Administration, published in association with the International City/County Management Association, Ethics Resource Center, Council of State Governments, and the Council on Governmental Ethics Laws The PA TIMES would like to know what ISSN 1099-9922 • 4 issues per year ASPA members think about the issues raised Available to all ASPA members at a special price! Individual Subscription Rates (print only): U.S. Member: $50.00 U.S. Non-member: $76.00 in this month’s ASPA Commentary. Foreign Member: $60.00 Foreign Non-member: $94.00

Available online at no extra charge to institutional subscribers! U.S. Institutional Rate: $219.00 Foreign Institutional Rate: $251.00 Email: [email protected] M.E. Sharpe with your comments TO ORDER: Call Sorina Kyriazis at 800-541-6563 or 914-273-1800 • Fax 914-273-2106 Email [email protected] AJ612I American Society for Public Administration PA TIMES • JULY 2006 PAGE 21 ASPA Commentary–Counter Point ASPA Should Not Take a Stand Regarding Policy Issues

Ken Matwiczak • Advances the art, science, teaching, and unprofessional in its tone, and not a So, should ASPA request that Congress practice of public and non-profit question that should be raised by a call for an investigation to determine Since becoming a member in 1998, I have administration. “professional” public service organization. whether or not President Bush committed considered ASPA to be a “professional” There are other avenues for that debate. impeachable offenses during his term? • Promotes the value of joining and My answer would be a resounding “NO!” organization, dedicated to advancement of elevating the public service profession. the public service “profession,” in Yes, ASPA does have a Code of Ethics that ASPA should maintain its “professional- whatever form that takes. • Builds bridges among all who pursue it expects its membership to abide by, not ism” and avoid “politically charged” public purposes. only in letter, but also in spirit. According debate of any type. As a professional organization, ASPA to one section of the ASPA Code of Ethics, • Provides networking and professional ASPA member Ken Matwiczak is a former has an obligation to its membership, its “ASPA members are committed to… development opportunities to those National Council member and ASPA vice- constituents, and its stakeholders to be Encourage and facilitate legitimate dissent a leading proponent for the profession. committed to public service values. presidential candiate, past-president of In this role, it cannot afford to take sides activities in government….” CenTex ASPA Chapter, and current • Achieves innovative solutions to the or assume potentially controversial CenTex ASPA Board member. challenges of governance. That does not mean that ASPA should be, positions in what some might consider or become, a “watch dog” of all public E-mail: [email protected] “political” debate. There is nothing in ASPA’s mission employees, (to include, for example, the The opinions stated in this article do not statement that calls for the organization In fact, the ASPA mission, (copied President, Congress, etc). That’s not its reflect the official position of ASPA or the to “take a stand” in public debate. below), says nothing about representing job! ASPA has a responsibility to facilitate or the organizations they represent. If you Calling for a congressional investigation the public service or the profession in the debate, through processes, etc., not to wish to respond to this article or submit of the president, to me, is not “elevating national debate or on issues of national questions email [email protected]. the public service profession”. It is initiate the debate. Facilitating a debate concern, (e.g., how the President of the “taking a position.” implies neutrality in that debate. The United States conducts his business, etc.) call for an investigation of a sitting ASPA’s Mission Just raising the question of potentially president wreaks of political motivation, ASPA is the leading public service organi- improper conduct by a sitting president regardless of the intent. It is simply not a zation that: appears to be politically motivated, is “neutral” position. Mad Professor Gets a Reputation Have you visited ASPA’s web site lately? www.aspanet.org From MAD PROFESSOR, pg. 19 folks would be ticked off because I didn’t propose a change. Surprise surprise!!!–it was the other way around! date for total enforcement. At the end of the meeting a string of bar How did the bar people know I was owners castigated the Council–(implicitly Now Available: thinking about this? I don’t think I me) for re-opening this issue and talking mentioned this to more than Sarah and the about changes. They kept talking about city attorney. The word got out REAL “those damn politicians.” I was taken quickly, and I received a number of long, aback because I thought they would be ranting phone calls. happy I had not proposed changes. Later RESEARCH AND INFORMATION The bar people said they agreed to the in the week I received an e-mail from RESOURCES FOR anti-smoking ordinance with the caveat Sarah thanking me for my stands. So PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION that it would not go into effect for several people evidently heard me differently than years. If I revised that, it would violate I intended. Edited by that compromise. While the bar owners Marc Holzer ***** Audrey Redding-Raines ranted about how terrible the ordinance Wenxuan Yu was–they also agreed to go along with the David, chair of Finance (of which I am 2008 date, but I was betraying the vice-chair) announced he had appointed a compromise. That was convincing to me. sub-committee to review and revise the Controversial issues require compromises, annual League of Women Voters survey. I and this was one of them. got frustrated because #1 I had not been consulted and #2 Survey research is Sarah calls me and says if we don’t move something I know something about–I teach the date up people are going to die! She Research Methods for heaven’s sake. talks about all the horrible things that are going to happen to people because of two After the meeting I mentioned this to more years of smoke. She is right! BUT, David and asked to be kept in the loop. there still was a process that I need to He sort of brushed me off. But later that respect. I think she heard the reluctance in week the manager called–and said David my voice. did not mean anything bad, and that I was also appointed to the committee. Very Dealing with Anger interesting–another role for the city Now I have to deal with people who are manager–smoothing feathers between ticked off with me. I have always read that Assembly members. UNPAN politicians need to be able to accept that ASPA people will be angry with them–regardless ****** of whether that anger is justified. People Postscript A compendium of information and research resources in public ad- are now agitated with me and I am sure I continue to feel I have a lack of real ministration and public affairs, including “Bibliographies,” “Case Stud- there will be more. Can I let it go? power. So much goes on without my ies,” “Dictionaries,” “Directories of Government Agencies,” “Ency- More on smoking!! knowing about it. The City does things and clopedias,” “Funding Sources,” “Government Documents,” “Hand- The city attorney and the city manager makes recommendations and the Council often just approves. The Planning books of Public Administration and Public Affairs,” “Indexing and Ab- made their reports on the ordinance. The attorney waffled about the legal defini- Commission makes zoning decisions that stracting Services,” “Job and Career Assistance,” “Journals,” “Text- tions. One of my colleagues talked about never come to us. And then many issues books,” “Website Portals,” and “Writing Assistance.” Users can easily “respecting the political process.” I said I that do come before City Council get dealt identify and locate relevant information online or in a library with de- agreed with him and was not proposing to with in the two committees from which I was left off–Lands and Public Works. tailed annotations and hyperlink. change anything–only to clarify the definitions in the ordinance. I thought I am getting a reputation as one who To download your FREE online copy: visit www.aspanet.org figured the bar owners would be pleased squawks and wants inclusion. I am an To order a hardcopy, email : [email protected] that I came around to their perspective. I annoyance! also thought Sarah and the anti-smoking Good for me! PAGE 22 PA TIMES • JULY 2006 American Society for Public Administration PAR Adds Public Documents Feature ASPA Staff

What is the Purpose PAR and adheres to its blind peer-review gic management in the Graduate School of Public Documents? standards and criteria for quality and of Business and Public Policy and profes- The purpose of Public Documents is to publication. In addition, while the sor of national security affairs in the Contact List call attention to seminal public associate editor recommends publication, Graduate School of International Studies documents, executive orders, legislative PAR editor-in-chief Richard Stillman at the Naval Postgraduate School in initiatives and statutes, court opinions, makes the final determination about Monterey, CA. governmental web sites and think tank publication in the journal based on his reports that are expected to have a signifi- own reading of the manuscript, the Julia Beckett is an associate professor in cant impact upon public administration. recommendations of the associate editor the department of public administration Antoinette Samuel and the manuscript reviews. and Urban Studies at The University of This new feature of PAR serves as a focal Akron. Executive Director point for description and analysis of The style guidelines for Public Susan Page Hocevar is an associate critical documents that inform dialogue Documents are the same as those listed on [email protected] and debate over matters of public concern. the PAR website for all articles. professor in the Graduate School of Business and Public Policy at the Naval (202) 585-4307 What is the Format How do I Submit a Review to Postgraduate School in Monterey, CA. for Public Documents? Public Documents? ey A standard review is approximately three Public Documents has its own submission David McCaffr is distinguished to six pages in published length (or 8-15 processes, procedures and formats. We teaching professor of public administra- manuscript pages). At the minimum it encourage submissions from faculty, tion and policy and organization studies at the Nelson A. Rockefeller College of Matt Rankin includes three basic components: students and practitioners of public ublic Affairs and Policy, University at administration and affiliated disciplines. P Senior Director of Program and • A short summary identifying the Our interests are interdisciplinary and all Albany-SUNY. document under review and its major Service Development topics and areas of interest pertinent to reta Marlatt is he information services themes, issues or points of interest. G t public administration will be considered. manager for the Naval Postgraduate [email protected] School’s Dudley Knox Library. • The reviewer’s assessment of the The associate editor invites inquiries from document’s strengths and weaknesses. 202-585-4312 potential contributors if they are uncertain Jeroen Maesschalck is lecturer in the • The implications for public administra- whether the document in question fits department of criminology (Faculty of tion that, from the reviewer’s perspec- within the overall framework of the Law) at the University of Leuven. tive, derive from the document. Public Documents Section. Paul L. Posner is the director of the Heidi Salati We also encourage non-standard formats Whom Do I Contact public administration program at George in terms of size and scope: about Public Documents? Mason University. Senior Director of Professional All inquiries, submissions, concerns, or Development • Book-length documents requiring more commentary should be emailed to: Ken Smith is assistant professor of extensive reviews. accounting and information science at the [email protected] Nancy C. Roberts Atkinson Graduate School of • Multi-document reviews pulling Editor, Public Documents Management at Willamette University. (202) 585-4306 together a series of related documents. Public Administration Review James R. Thompson is associate professor • Debates between and among reviewers Naval Postgraduate School in the Graduate Program in Public on a document’s interpretation and [email protected] Administration at the University of implication for public administration. Editorial Team Illinois, Chicago. How Academically Rigorous is the Nancy Roberts is a professor of defense Patricia Yearwood Review Process for Public Documents? analysis in the School of Operational and Senior Director of Public Documents is a regular feature of Information Sciences, professor of strate- Member Services Section News [email protected] (202) 585-4309 Strides Made in Formation of Section on Native American Governance Duanne Crawley Administration Manager

Nels Lindahl on Native American Governance, then governments; Tribal governments [email protected] please take the time to visit working with local, state, or federal 202-585-4308 Thanks to a groundswell of support at the www.nativeamericangovernance.org or government; and collaborative combina- 67th Annual ASPA Conference in Denver, contact Nels directly at nels@nelslin- tions that include NGOs. dahl.net. ASPA members have the power CO, the dream of developing a Section on Developing a Section on Native American Native American Governance is quickly to make a positive contribution to the Governance will allow academic dialogue becoming reality. During the last year, developing Section on Native American and discussion in the form of journals, recruiting enough members to move the Governance by joining the section, conferences, and newsletters. Stephen Dunphy encouraging other people to join the section from provisional status to a Communications and permanent section has been the primary section, or engaging in active dialogue. After preparing a letter of application section goal. with the names of over one hundred Marketing Manager A permanent Section on Native American ASPA members, the attention of the Now is the time for ASPA members to get Governance will help establish a forum developing Section on Native American [email protected] involved and help build on the current for the free and open exchange of ideas Governance will shift to building consen- momentum. The number of members in ensuring discussion of this very important sus and encouraging participation. 202-393-7878 attendance at the 67th Annual ASPA issue. The long-term section goal involves Conference in Denver, Colorado, helped focusing the attention of scholars on During the course of the next year accomplish the necessary short-term goal Native American Governance to build a members of the Section on Native American Governance will need to of gathering the signatures necessary to strong research community. develop a program plan, draft a budget, move from a provisional section to an A strong research community will help elect officers, and create section bylaws. Jeannie Jeffries official section. enhance education, increase understand- At any point in the process, ideas about Membership Associate The next step in the process toward ing, and raise awareness of important how to generate awareness, promote issues within the field of public adminis- creating a permanent section involves understanding, and facilitate discussion of [email protected] tration. Understanding Native American preparing a letter of application with the this important issue are always welcome. Governance within the context of public names of over one hundred ASPA (202) 585-4310 administration requires bringing together ASPA member Nels Lindahl is an enrolled members. If you are interested in partici- at least three perspectives: local, state, or Member of the Choctaw Nation of pating in the development of the Section federal government working with Tribal Oklahoma. E-mail: [email protected] American Society for Public Administration PA TIMES • JULY 2006 PAGE 23 Chapter News ASPA Network Connects the Dots to Get Information for Newly Elected Local Government Officials

Lyn Holley As professionals, they knew that persons growing. The strategic process designed officials, and re-drafting, the finished elected to Village Boards and Municipal for Weston is described in a booklet that booklet was introduced at the 2006 ASPA The ASPA/NE and Pi Alpha Alpha Annual Commissions in communities with has been used with similar success by Nebraska Chapter/ Pi Alpha Alpha annual Awards Luncheon at the University of populations under 5000 typically do not other small communities in Nebraska. A awards luncheon. Nebraska at Omaha was the occasion for have the information they need. booklet of information targeted specifi- cally to small communities. ASPA provided the network that permit- the launching of a guide to local governing Existing local governance information ted concerned individuals to “connect the for newly elected local government materials are more relevant for larger In 2002, the project leaders (an MPA dots” that led to a little booklet that could officials in very small municipalities. communities. Larger communities also are Economic Development Specialist, and a help small communities in Nebraska more likely to have professional managers Community Development Specialist) survive and prosper. While providing technical assistance to or administrators able to provide a wealth revisited their ASPA connections to recruit small local governments, leaders of the of information to elected officials. In two other professionals (a PhD in PA Contacts for the Nebraska Local Governing Information Program: multidisciplinary team that developed the smaller communities, many elected college professor and an MPA Small guide had seen first-hand how communities officials must piece information together Business Development Assistance Rick Noyes, Economic Development missed economic development opportuni- through a trial and error approach. Specialist), and the project to develop a (402) 499-9074, [email protected] ties due to the lack of basic, readily accessi- booklet of information about governing for The approach to meeting the need grew ble information about governing. newly elected local officials was begun. Terry Meier, Community Development from a successful experience with The multidisciplinary team is incorporated (402) 475-2560, customized and accessible information. In This, as small rural communities face a as The Nebraska Local Government [email protected]; variety of escalating challenges that 1997, the Nebraska Chapter of ASPA, the Information Program (NELGIP). Marjorie Miskec, Small Business include aging public infrastructure Community Development Society and the University of Nebraska at Omaha had At the 2004 ASPA Midwest Regional Development, (402) 554-4939, systems, budget constraints, levy lids, [email protected]; economic transition, out-migration, helped the Village of Weston (pop. 300) Conference, NELGIP conducted an declining property values and changing initiate a strategic planning process. interactive session to discuss the outline Lyn Holley, (402) 554-4814, demographic characteristics. How to Weston has moved from a history of $0 of the booklet. After a year and a half of [email protected] help? What to do? grant funding in 1997 to $3.5 million and drafting, review by experts and local Greater Cincinnati Chapter Orlando Hosts Second Annual Honors Public Servants Florida ASPA Conference

John Topinka speaks to attendees. He served on the panel on “alternative Directions in Public Service” with (seated at table L to R) Ralph Brower, Craig Donovan and Kim Loutzenhiser.

Steven Bobes, Bill Solomon the opportunity to network and tour the history center. Sponsors for the conference The second Florida ASPA Conference was included the University of Central Florida, held on Friday, May 5, 2006, in Orlando, Miami Transfer Company, Orange County Florida. In honor of Public Service Clerk of Courts and the Central Florida L to R: Support Services, Small Organization: Susan Hamm, City of Montgomery; Early Careerist, Recognition Week, 77 practitioners, Chapter of ASPA. National ASPA donated Small Organization: Matthew Vanderhorst, City of Montgomery; Early Careerist, Large academics and students from around the ASPA Ceramic coffee mugs, ASPA travel Organization: Dawn Rothe, Hamilton County Board of MR/DD; Innovator, Small Organization: State of Florida participated in a full day mugs, an ASPA polo shirt and ASPA Christian Moeller, Hamilton County Probate Court; Innovator, Large Organization: Timothy of panel sessions. publications which were raffled off at the conclusion of the conference. Koenig, City of Erlanger; Career Achievement, Small: Robert L. Obermeyer, Hamilton County The conference committee, Claire Mostel Community Mental Health Board; Career Achievement, Large Organization: Paul Brehm, City of and Steven Bobes, put together a well- After the conference, participants had the Forest Park rounded program containing panels on opportunity to celebrate Cinco de Mayo at emergency management, e-governance, a block party adjacent to the history nonprofit management, ethical issues and center in downtown Orlando. Planning for Each year the Greater Cincinnati Service Recognition Week. We had emerging trends in public administration, next year’s conference is already in the Chapter of ASPA honors outstanding about 125 individuals at the banquet performance measurement, Florida’s early stages. Be on the look out for individuals for their work in the field this year. higher education system and alternative additional information as it develops. of public administration in a number of directions in public service. Two profes- ASPA member Steve Bobes is the for hire organizations including government, Many thanks to the Seasongood Good sional development workshops were also Government Foundation which inspection manager, Miami-Dade County, educational institutions, and non- conducted by Steve Liebowitz, managing FL, and a current member of ASPA’s profits. Winners of the 2006 Public supports the banquet and the chapter partner of Wisdom at Work. through grants. David Altman National Council. Administrator of the Year Awards for Registered conference attendees were E-mail: [email protected] 2006 were recognized during GCC- represented the Foundation at the banquet once again this year. treated to a bountiful continental breakfast, ASPA member Bill Solomon is chief of the ASPA’s annual lunch banquet and on enormous sandwiches at lunch and Centennial Plaza as part of Public procurement & warehouse management spectacular desserts for coffee break in the division, Miami-Dade Park & Recreation. afternoon. During lunch, participants had E-mail: [email protected] PAGE 24 PA TIMES • JULY 2006 American Society for Public Administration CAREERCENTER Shrink Student Loans with Public Service

Elizabeth Kountze assistance plans in return for a commit- three years he has also earned $85,000 and will also give her $14,500 in ment of at least a year or two. Funding toward student-loan repayment through assistance this year to help pay off her New grads who want to change the world can change, so the number of awards the National Health Service Corps. student loans. As a bonus, says Rodney, fluctuates from year to year. To put your "I've gotten more litigation experience often find that fighting poverty begins at Each year the NHSC pays 4,000 health- best foot forward, you'll need to send in than I would have in a large firm." About home, as they contemplate their first care professionals to work in underserved measly paycheck and Kilimanjaro-size your application early, be flexible about 90 law schools give loan-repayment relocating and be committed. To qualify communities. Health-care professionals awards to graduates who work in public student loans. One solution:With ualify for loan-repayment assistance of for full loan-repayment assistance, you q service or other low-paying fields. assistance programs that repay student up to $50,000 for a two-year commitment. must fulfill your entire service period. loans in return for work in underserved But as in Petrovich's case, the agency may Teachers areas, you can do good and still make a The biggest and most diverse program is encourage practitioners to stick around by Once you have taught full-time for five big dent in that debt. AmeriCorps, which offers more than continuing financial support even after the consecutive years in an elementary or Brian McDonald's first job out of college, 75,000 positions each year, including the initial service period ends. high school that's been designated as highly competitive Teach for America serving children from low-income with a bank in Rochester, N.Y., followed a In return for a two-year stint in areas where traditional career path in corporate finance. program. As a corps member, you can families, the Department of Education defer your student loans and receive a there's a shortage of nurses, RNs can wipe will let you cancel up to $5,000 (and in a But when he was laid off several months out 60 percent of their student-loan taxable grant of $4,725 per year for up to few cases up to $17,500) in federal later, he made a radical switch and became balances with awards from the Nursing an AmeriCorps volunteer in Albuquerque. two years toward repaying them. Stafford or direct loans. You may also Education Loan Repayment Program. In qualify to have 100 percent of your addition, 38 states offer loan-repayment McDonald, 24, worked for a nonprofit The Peace Corps, AmeriCorps' interna- Perkins loans forgiven if you're a full-time programs to retain primary-care personnel. organization that makes microloans to tional cousin, has more than 7,000 teacher of low-income students or are in a And some private hospitals use loan low-income entrepreneurs, primarily volunteers working around the world in field where teachers are scarce. minorities and women. During his fields such as business development, repayment as a recruiting tool. For yearlong stint, he earned a stipend of less health, agriculture and education. In information on health-related programs, go Government than $10,000. But thanks to AmeriCorps' return for a two-year commitment, you to the Bureau of Health Professions. To recruit and retain highly skilled loan-repayment education awards, he still can defer your federal student loans. employees, some federal agencies, includ- Perkins loan borrowers may have 15 The National Institutes of Health offers up ing the departments of State and Justice managed to pay off 25 percent of his to $35,000 per year in loan-repayment aid $19,000 in student loans. Afterward, he percent of their loans forgiven for each and the Securities and Exchange year of service. to researchers with doctoral-level degrees Commission, offer employees a maximum began a career in community-develop- who study clinical, pediatric, infertility of $10,000 per year (up to a total of ment finance with the federal government. Health care and health-disparities topics. $60,000) in student-loan repayment. Brian Petrovich, 34, is a psychologist in Less pay, more payback Lawyers Enlisting in the Army National Guard Aurora, MO, where 80 percent of his Public-interest jobs in underserved areas As a lawyer with the Legal Assistance qualifies you for $3,000 a year in student- patients receive Medicaid. He earns about generally pay lower salaries than Foundation of Metropolitan Chicago, 28- loan forgiveness, up to a total of $20,000. $25,000 a year less than he could be comparable private work in more compet- year-old Renai Rodney gives free legal making in a practice in Minneapolis, his This article was reprinted with the permis- itive locations. To recruit qualified advice to low-income-housing tenants hometown, where he would have fewer sion of the Partnership for Public Service, workers, a number of programs–mostly facing relocation. Equal Justice Works patients on public assistance. But over www.ourpublicservice.org. governmental–offer loan-repayment pays $37,500 of her $42,000 annual salary

FYI... Internship News Inflation Index Used By extremely important measure of inflation found that nearly three of five newly hired Partnership for Public Colleges and Universities Will for colleges and universities for their under-represented minority faculty are current operations, for budget hearings, simply replacing minority faculty Service Fellows Program Jump 5.0 % in Fiscal 2006 and as a guideline for trends on other members who had moved on. areas of expense, such as faculty salaries.” Copyright (c) 1995-2006, the Foundation Each semester, The Partnership for Wilton, CT–The official calculation of the Colleges and Universities Are Center. All rights reserved. Public Service offers a unique Higher Education Price Index (HEPI) opportunity for public-service shows that inflation for colleges and Struggling to Diversify CampaignTalent.com minded students and graduates to join universities will jump 5.0 percent in fiscal Introduces National Political our fellowship program. Fellows are year 2006 ending June 30 according to Faculties, Report Finds assigned to one of the Partnership's Commonfund Institute. This compares Jobboard Site “teams” based on skills and interests. with a HEPI increase of 3.5 percent in Colleges and universities are struggling to During their tenure, fellows are fully 2005, and average annual increases of 3.8 diversify their faculties, in part because Los Angeles–Campaign Talent recently integrated into these teams' projects percent in fiscal years 2002-2005. By under-represented minority faculty launched the first ever “all political” and meetings. Each student that comparison, the Consumer Price Index members are leaving almost as fast as jobboard site that is designed to address enters our program is eligible to rose an average 2.3 percent in fiscal years they can be hired, a new report from the campaign staffing needs. Never before receive a monthly stipend. 2002-2005. For the past ten years, annual James Irvine Foundation finds. has a dedicated service existed where HEPI inflation increases have been an Visit www.ourpublicservice.org to The report, “The Revolving Door for political candidates are able to post jobs average 3.6 percent vs. CPI annual download the fellows program Underrepresented Minority Faculty in and then pre-qualify campaign jobseekers average increases of 2.5 percent. guidelines. Higher Education,” part of the foundation's and volunteers online. HEPI 2006 reports that colleges and Campus Diversity Initiative, analyzed Summer Intern Event Campaign Talent solves one of the most universities experienced the steepest price faculty hiring and retention data at twenty- difficult challenges in running for political increase in the utilities category–which seven private colleges and universities in Do you have students interning in office by delivering staff to the candidate. rose 27.1 percent over the price increase California between 2000 and 2004. Washington, DC this summer? The The site showcases thousands of talented for 2005, and was nearly triple the Partnership is hosting the fourth Coordinated by the Association of political science, pre-law, social science, average annual increase of the preceding annual intern event July 26, featuring American Colleges and Universities and and business students from over 4,168 four years. The other sharp increase for Tim Russert of NBC’s “Meet the Claremont Graduate University, the report colleges and universities in the United 2006 was in materials and supplies, which Press” and Senator Barack Obama found that under-represented minority States, while maintaining a database rose 8.2 percent compared with a 4.8 (D-IL). Students will also have a faculty–particularly those who are African stocked with seasoned political staffers percent rise in 2005. chance to network with federal American, Latino, or Native American/ with prior campaign competencies. recruiters from a variety of agencies “HEPI shows that the strong rise in the Alaska Native–increased from 7 percent For additional information on Campaign before and after the program. costs for higher education in 2006 to 9 percent during the period. But Talent, please visit resulted largely from the spike in energy according to researchers, the increase was Visit www.ourpublicservice.org for www.campaigntalent.com. costs” said Verne Sedlacek, President & limited by the high turnover rate among more information. CEO, Commonfund. “HEPI is an minority faculty. In addition, the report American Society for Public Administration PA TIMES • JULY 2006 PAGE 25 CAREERCENTER University of North Texas Prof. Offers Innovative Teaching on the Impact of State Government on Local Municipalities

Abraham David Benavides, assistant officials, debates, tours, formal and professor at the University of North Texas, informal conversations with elected and uses an innovative teaching approach that appointed officials, lectures by Benavides, takes his students out of the academy and and other experiential learning activities. into the offices of administrators and state One of the highlights of the course is a and local policy makers in Texas. formal dinner with UNT program alumni and friends of the university. The “Austin Seminar”–State Government and Local Management–is an MPA course Students’ responses to the course have offered by the department of public been universally positive. “The sessions administration at the University of North with the Texas Municipal League, the Texas. The course is designed to expose Austin City Manager and both the public students to the relationships and policy and private meetings with Texas making processes that occur among Department of Transportation really officials at the state and local level. captured for me how state and local Students learn to appreciate the impact governments interact and how their that state governments have on local actions affect one another.” Said municipalities and how that impact another,“I chose the Comptroller’s Office influences policy. for my final project. I work with the agency almost daily on tax issues, etc. The course is conducted in a conference However, I had no idea they provided so room at the Texas State Capitol in Austin many other services to cities. Also, being Texas. The environment helps set the in the gallery during legislative sessions is stage for the students to acquire informa- Abraham David Benavides, North Texas Chapter ASPA president (back row left), is shown in the 1,000 times better than reading about tion about Texas state government, debate in the morning newspaper.” legislative quarters of the State of Texas Capitol Building in Austin Texas with UNT MPA students in lobbying, intergovernmental relations, and May 2006. Benavides designed and teaches an innovative “on the road” course on State an in depth knowledge of a number of For more information about this course Government and Local Management that introduces students to elected officials, state level state government agencies. or the UNT MPA program contact the administrators and the formal and informal processes of policy making a the state and local levels. program coordinator at 940-565-2165 or Learning takes place through seminars, Benavides at [email protected]. readings, presentations by government U. of Tennessee Introduces Masters Course on Managing Small Towns Students Receive Practical Knowledge and Advice from UT’s Municipal Technical Advisory Service

Queena Jones are “in-service,” meaning they already Richard Stokes, Rex Barton, Sharon leaders in local government, Folz said. serve as an employee of local government Rollins, Gary West and Melissa Ashburn. “It’s the responsibility of a land-grant and they usually prefer to stay in institution to offer this training.” The University of Tennessee has Based on the students’ class evaluations, Tennessee, Folz said. UT’s public adminis- implemented the State of Tennessee’s first every MTAS instructor earned a B+ Rogers agreed, saying “MTAS is a tration program reduces the need for city master’s level course designed specifi- average grade. The students rated each great resource for UT. No other school governments to recruit employees from out cally to address the needs of managing lecture for the effectiveness of the would have that resource with that level of state and equips UT students for career small towns. teaching, relevance and usefulness of the of expertise.” opportunities in Tennessee, Folz explained. Consultants of UT’s Municipal Technical presentation materials and handouts, and Bob Schwartz, executive director of Advisory Service (MTAS) are teaching One of the program’s graduates, Honna helpfulness of the assigned readings. MTAS, also sees the class as a great Rogers, received her MPA last fall after students in the master of public adminis- “It took me years to learn what they opportunity for UT students and faculty, tration program how to become skilled, completing the 562 course. “This class learned in a matter of 15 weeks. It was MTAS and city governments to work ethical and professional public managers. sparked a lot of interest in city govern- gratifying to see students appreciate the together. “The course is an example of The curriculum of the 562 Public ment and management,” she said. “It value of the expertise and experience of increased cooperation between the public Management course mirrors the informa- brought new light to the services offered the MTAS consultants,” said Folz. service agencies and the academic depart- tion MTAS consultants provide to by cities, such as police and fire protec- ments of the University of Tennessee. It Tennessee’s city leaders in the Elected tion. We learned a lot about city services, Required course readings included: the gave the students a chance to hear from Officials Academy. in addition to the business management American Society for Public practitioners, and it gave our consultants a aspects of city government.” “It’s a wonderful way to combine practi- Administration Code of Ethics; the chance to talk with people who could end International City/County Management cal and academic experience–to have a Rogers said the class was pretty up working for city government in Association Code of Ethics; and Managing really strong foundation for service in intense, condensing a normal eight-hour Tennessee in the future,” Schwartz said. America’s Small Communities: People, public administration,” said David Folz, professional course into a two-hour class Politics, and Performance, co-authored by Based on her class experience and under UT political science professor. Folz period. Despite the intensity, she enjoyed Folz and P. Edward French. The book the advice of one of her UT professors, offered the Fall 2005 class and expects learning from the MTAS’ consultants examines communities with populations Honna Rogers plans to pursue career the course to become a core requirement “real-life experiences.” opportunities in city management. She in UT’s MPA program. under 25,000, a field that had not been Using the Elected Officials Academy studied in particular before, Folz said. recently accepted a post-graduate manage- ment internship with the Tennessee cities “Public management training is viewed curriculum as a guide, Folz worked with The dynamics of the decision-making of Cleveland, Athens, East Ridge and Red now as a particular area of expertise in the Sally Thierbach of MTAS to prepare the process, differences between forms of Bank. She will work in every department MPA program,” Folz said. “After classes. Ten of the class sessions were led government, and the measurable impact of city government, rotating every four completing the course, students can by an MTAS consultant who has expertise of decision making in small communities months among the cities. The two-year market their skills in this area and be in: charters, codes, finance, risk manage- are addressed, with research indicating assignment is being coordinated and better qualified for career opportunities in ment, personnel, planning and zoning, professional managers can offer a better sponsored by MTAS. city management.” police and fire protection services, public level of service to their cities. Students receiving their MPA often take works, legislative issues, or grant proposal Queena Jones is an information specialist administrative jobs in state, federal and writing. MTAS consultants who lectured In Tennessee, no other program in higher for the Institute for Public Service. local government. Typically, the students for the class were: Al Major, Mike Tallent, education focuses on training future E-mail: [email protected] PAGE 26 PA TIMES • JULY 2006 American Society for Public Administration Know Your Code

This column is a continuation of a semi-regular feature in PA Times. Under the auspices of ASPA’s Section on Ethics, readers will be given the opportunity to consider how ASPA’s Code of Ethics might be applied to “real world” scenarios of interest, hence the name “Know Your Code.” The goal is to make all ASPA members more aware of our code of ethics and how it can be interpreted and utilized. Reponses to this specific column are encouraged. Readers are also invited to submit questions about specific situations for possible consideration in future columns. Respect the Constitution and the Law

Jack D. Kem Officers in the Iraqi military take an protecting citizens' rights. ment of public funds; and protecting oath to uphold the Iraqi Constitution; the privileged information. Each of these How to Use What the Code Says image of millions of Iraqi citizens areas highlights responsibilities for Two Illustrative Situations There are four general themes that are courageously voting and pointing in the maintaining the public trust that public The first week of class at the Army included in the ASPA Code of Ethics air with ink-stained fingers is a powerful administrators enjoy. Command and General Staff College is concerning Respect for the Constitution incentive for Iraqi military officers to always an interesting time; many of the and the Law. The first theme is to “study” The fourth theme is to promote constitu- uphold their new Constitution. officer is the class have just returned from governmental constitutions and the law. tional principles of “equality, fairness, deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan. All What the Code Says Public Administrators should have a solid representativeness, responsiveness and of the officers have been in the military Both of these situations point to the working understanding of the Constitution due process in protecting citizens' rights.” for 10-12 years, and have made a serious importance of public servants understand- and applicable legislation and regulations. The Constitution provides not only commitment to serve a career of service to ing and adhering to government constitu- As professional public administrators, specific rights for citizens, but also princi- their country. All of the officers, as well as tions and laws. The ASPA Code of Ethics there is a continuous obligation to stay ples that help to guide the “Spirit of the civilian instructors have taken an oath provides guidance on how ASPA members abreast of current legislation and regula- Public Administration.” Public administra- of office to “support and defend the should also respect and support govern- tions. Senator Harry Byrd is famous for tors should not only follow the “letter of Constitution of the United States.” ment constitutions and laws. The second having a copy of the US Constitution in the law,” but should also promote the During the first week of class I ask all of major section of the ASPA Code of his breast pocket at all times; public “spirit of the law” as public servants. Ethics is to “Respect the Constitution and administrators should also have a solid the officers in the class to take out a blank Military officers have an obligation to the Law.” The code states that ASPA working knowledge of the Constitution in piece of paper and to mark the paper one remain well-grounded in the Constitutions members should: their heart. through ten. I then ask each of the officers that have taken an oath to uphold. Public to write down a basic description of each Respect, support, and study government The second theme is to work diligently to Administrators also have a similar obliga- of the first ten amendments to the consti- constitutions and laws that define respon- ensure that laws and policies remain tion to respect, support, and study the tution – the Bill of Rights. This last year, sibilities of public agencies, employees, relevant and productive. Public Constitution and the Laws. Knowing and after about ten minutes, one of the officers and all citizens. ASPA members are Administrators, as public servants, also applying the ASPA Code of Ethics provides told me that “I had made my point.” Most committed to: have an obligation to change those laws excellent guidelines for “Respecting the could come up with a few of the ten, but and regulations that need change – within Constitution and the Law.” • Understand and apply legislation and only one officer (out of 16) knew all ten. the system. Legitimate dissent is not only regulations relevant to their professional ASPA Member Jack D. Kem is an tolerated, it should be encouraged and The Iraqi Center for Values, Principles, role. Associate Professor at the U.S. Army facilitated by public administrators. and Leadership is a new initiative to Command and General Staff College and • Work to improve and change laws and Whistleblowing rights should be change the culture of the Iraqi military as a member of the ASPA Ethics Section. E- policies that are counterproductive or vigorously protected to encourage legiti- it works to become a part of a democratic mail: [email protected]. country. The Iraqi military–working with obsolete. mate dissent with counterproductive or obsolete laws and policies. The opinions stated in this article do not coalition representatives–is in the process • Eliminate unlawful discrimination. reflect the official position of ASPA or the of defining the core values of the Iraqi The third theme is to faithfully apply the ASPA Ethics Section. If you wish to military and then write doctrine and • Prevent all forms of mismanagement of laws and regulations that are in effect. The respond to this article or submit questions design training to reinforce those values. public funds by establishing and ASPA Code of Ethics identifies three about specific situations for possible maintaining strong fiscal and manage- specific areas relating to applying laws The proper role of a military in a consideration in future columns, please ment controls, and by supporting audits and regulations: eliminating unlawful democracy and civilian-military relations and investigative activities. email [email protected]. are two of the immediate areas that are discrimination; preventing mismanage- being addressed by the Center for Values, • Respect and protect privileged informa- Principles, and Leadership. The new Iraqi tion. Constitution provides an excellent values • Encourage and facilitate legitimate framework, by stating that the Iraqi dissent activities in government and Military “shall be subject to the control of Announcing... Public Administration with an protect the whistleblowing rights of Attitude brings together some the civilian authority, shall defend Iraq, public employees. shall not be used as an instrument to of H. George Frederickson’s • Promote constitutional principles of a new publication from ASPA most penetrating and thought- oppress the Iraqi people, shall not provoking columns from the interfere in the political affairs, and shall equality, fairness, representativeness, pages of PA TIMES. In the have no role in the transfer of authority”. responsiveness and due process in book, Frederickson takes on the issues facing today’s public administrators with the intellectual integrity that established him as a Public leader in the field. If there is something wrong or right with the way public policy is Administration being administered, Frederickson lets you know. Like his column, Public with an Administration with an Attitude is easy to What do you think about the ideas/situations read and jargon-free, and, of course, it is discussed in the column Know Your Code? often witty. Students preparing for public service careers will benefit not only from the wisdom and insight in Public Administration with an Attitude, but from the pervading theme of the Tell us. honor and dignity of public service. by H. George Frederickson Practicing public servants will enjoy the rich use of examples, the telling of great public administration stories, and especially the Available for adoption in Fall 2006 classes. descriptions of public administration heroes To order your review copy, call 202-585-4313. Order now. Review copes are limited. and heroic moments. This book is a lot more interesting than a E-mail: spreadsheet (...and more accurate)! Public Administration with an Attitude approx. 220 pages — $14.95 softcover [email protected] © 2005 American Society for Public Administration American Society for Public Administration PA TIMES • JULY 2006 PAGE 27 The Recruiter WHERE EMPLOYERS AND JOB SEEKERS MEET.

GOVERNMENT POSITIONS UNIVERSITY POSITIONS

Valley Metro RPTA Assistant Professor (Environmental Law and Policy) Deputy Executive Director of Operations Political Science Department $102,489 - $138,340 Bridgewater State College Deputy Executive Director of Operations, who reports to the Executive Director, is resp for planning, develop- www.bridgew.edu ment, organization, coordination & direction of Valley Metro (RPTA) fixed route & dial-a-ride operations, Job Description: Customer Service & ADA certification functions. Position responsible also for development of operational The Political Science Department invites applications for a tenure track position beginning spring 2007 or fall standards, specifications & performance of contracts &/or employees who will support & perform operational & semester 2007. Candidates will be expected to teach graduate courses in the core curriculum of the department's maintenance requirements of fixed route & dial-a-ride system. Deputy Executive Director of Operations is not growing Master of Public Administration program and some undergraduate political science courses. Research responsible for light rail transit operations. Bachelor's degree in Business, Public Administration, Transportation, and teaching interests in environmental law and policy are desirable. Candidates will be expected to work closely or related field is required. Equiv combination of formal educ & appro related exper may be considered. Master’s with graduate students. degree is desirable. Do not send resumes w/o a completed application. Download app & job description from www.valleymetro.org. Email to [email protected]; or mail to Valley Metro RPTA, Attn: HR Minimum Qualifications: Dept., 302 N. First Ave., Ste. 700, Phoenix, AZ 85003 or Fax 602.495.0411. First review of apps June 30, 2006. Requires earned Ph.D., commitment to teaching excellence, and evidence of scholarly activity. EOE/AA Preferred Qualifications: Candidates with strong methodological skills and some practitioner experience preferred. Applicants should be strongly committed to excellence in teaching and advising, and to working in a multicul- tural environment that fosters diversity. They should also have an ability to use technology effectively in teaching and learning, the ability to work collaboratively, evidence of scholarly activity, and a commitment to public higher education. Special Instructions to Applicants: Applicants should submit three letters of recommendation directly to the Department of Political Science. Direct 1 Job Ad, 3 Options: letters to Chair, Environmental Law and Policy Search Committee, Department of Political Science, Bridgewater State College, 180 Summer Street, Bridgewater, MA 02325. For complete description of this position and to view new positions as they are posted, please visit: Print Only • Web Only • Print and Web http://www.bridgew.edu/HR/JobList/ TO APPLY: Please apply on-line at: https://jobs.bridgew.edu/applicants/Central?quickFind=50872 Bridgewater State College is an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer which actively seeks to increase the diversity of its workforce. Contact: Christine McCrehin Assistant Professor Political Science Department [email protected] Bridgewater State College www.bridgew.edu Job Description: The Political Science Department invites applications for a tenure track position in public administration beginning fall semester 2007. Candidates will be expected to teach graduate courses in the core curriculum of the department's growing Master of Public Administration program and some undergraduate political science courses. Research and teaching interests in human resource management (including leadership and public personnel) and intergovernmental and intersectoral relations are desirable. Candidates will be expected to work closely with graduate students. Looking for a Minimum Qualifications: job in public service? Requires earned Ph.D., commitment to teaching excellence, and evidence of scholarly activity. Preferred Qualifications: Candidates with strong methodological skills and some practitioner experience preferred. Applicants should be strongly committed to excellence in teaching and advising, and to working in a multicul- tural environment that fosters diversity. They should also have an ability to use technology effectively in teaching and learning, the ability to work collaboratively, evidence of scholarly activity, and a commitment to public higher education. Special Instructions to Applicants: Applicants should submit three letters of recommendation directly to the Department of Political Science. Direct letters to Chair, Search Committee, Department of Political Science, Bridgewater State College, 180 Summer Street, Bridgewater, MA 02325. For complete description of this position and to view new positions as they are posted, please visit: http://www.bridgew.edu/HR/JobList/ TO APPLY: Please apply on-line at: https://jobs.bridgew.edu/applicants/Central?quickFind=50871 Bridgewater State College is an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer which actively seeks to increase the diversity of its workforce.

www.aspanet.org onference for more information. ional C ashington, DC ww.aspanet.org mni Shoreham Hotel uatamala City, Guatamala uatamala City, nd Public Administration Reformnd Public Administration a G on “Monumental Possibilities: Capitalizing Collaboration” W O w More Info.: www.clad.org.ve DC • March 24-27, 2007 link to ‘Conferences’ on the ASPA home page on the ‘Conferences’ ASPA link to www.aspanet.org For more detail on any of these events, click more the detail of these on any events, For November November 7-10 XI International CLAD on State Congress of March 2007 24-27 Conference 68th National ASPA’s A Powerful Voice for Public Service . . . Voice A Powerful .aspanet.org ton, A’s Conference will be held at the A’s Monumental Possibilities: Monumental Possibilities: www s 68th Nat

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27-30 2006 Southeastern Conference of Public October 5-6 2006 International Conference on Public 22-24 Community is a Contact Sport, symposium September September 15-17 Meetings Leadership Mid-Year ASPA’s 21-24 Building High-Performance Organizations A TIMES s • 1977-2006 ear

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City: Toronto, Canada City: Toronto, Sheraton Centre Hotel M C T Governor of Nuevo Leon Province, Mr. is Gonzalez Paras, and the main theme for Better Governance. Transparency More Info.: www.iiasiisa.be/iias/aiconf/ monterrey/aimexico.htm Mexico Location: Monterey, Public Sector Executives: Building Your Public Sector Executives: Building Your and Organization's Capabilities for Creating Executing Its Strategic Plan More Info.: www.leadership.opm.gov DC Location: Washington, W W M son Perspective 11 s. Practice k N N ic y v

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July 2006 PA TIMES 6-20 International 2006 Third Regional eder r 1 28-30 Future Society Conference World 19-20 Planning and Organizational Strategy for August 10-11 in Government Excellence 2006 Recruiter 27 F Ethics Moment ColumnPresident’s Theor 16 12