A Book of Old Ballads

Home , Edward (ballad), Francis James Child, Hind Horn, King Estmere, Lord Lovel, Sir Patrick Spens

ECLECTIC ENGLISH CLASSICS

A BOOK OF O LD BALLAD S

EDITED BY O R A /l O RTO N M A C {t , . . NORWOOD HIGH SCHOOL

NOR O W OD, OHIO

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY NEW YO RK

PRE FACE £ 9 T h rs a reed o a eac e of English are generally g that the—l gic l t im e t o use ballads is in the early adolescent period in the l n of ﬁrst years of the high school , or perhaps the last year the { — grammar grades yet the st andard ballad anthologies are t oo f m l o full and too unsifted or such use . Fro these larger col ecti ns not only the best known and the most typical examples have

been chosen but also the best version of each . As the ballads were unwritten in the beginning and were m for m o n orally trans itted any generati ns , the spelli g of the ﬁf f early manuscripts is the spelling of the transcriber. The t eent h and sixteenth century ballad lovers knew the sounds Of wo nl o m the rds o y, and the written f r s in which they have been preserved are merely makeshift devices for visualizing m n t he m o . th se sounds The ore u obtrusive akeshift, the less is o m the attenti n distracted fro the sound and the sense, and the nearer are we to receiving the story as the early listeners m r in received it . For this reason fa iliar wo ds the ballads in this book are printed in the familiar spelling of to- day except where rhyme or rhythm demanded the retention of an older m of a for . After a student knows the content a ballad , and p reciat es om - p it as a piece of good literature , if s e quaint appearing w s i i t s o i ma ord rou es his nterest in philol g cal side, he y readily ﬁnd the older spelling of the same text in Francis James Childis ottish l r B s E nglish and Sc Popu a allad . Unfamiliar words and phrases are explained m the glossary h o of il omm o at the end of t e bo k . Many these are st l in c n use

in England and Scotland , but are deﬁned for the convenience of younger pupils who have not yet discovered them in the m writings of Scott, Burns or other asters of English who used m dialectal for —s . No one to day can edit a ballad book without acknowledging o m t o O - hi verwhel ing indebtedness Professor Child . S far reac ng were his researches and so indisputable were the most of hi s decisions that all subsequent students in his ﬁeld have grown m his m lm i t r accusto ed to consult volu es a ost as a d c iona y . B IBL IOGRAPHY

ENGLISH AND SCOTTISH POPULAR BALLAD S : edited by Francis — m . 1 2 o u 88 1 8 8 . James Child . 5 v l es 9 RELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH POETRY : edited by Thomas

m : 1 . of Percy . 3 volu es 765 (Edition I C I D : d M NSTRELSY OF THE S OTT SH—BOR ER e ited by Sir Walter 80 2 0 o m . 1 1 8 . o Sc tt . 3 volu es 3 (Editi n prepared by o T . F . Henders n , THE LEGENDARY AND ROMANTIC BALLADS OF SCOTLAND : ed it ed o n by Charles Mackay and c ntaini g , slightly ’ M ot herwell s on The Ori in and Hist or o abridged , essay g y f t h B ad Lit erat ure Scat is all .

umm re . 1 . THE BEGINNINGS OF POETRY . Francis B . G e 90 1

D . ummere . 1 0 . THE POPULAR BALLA . Francis B G 9 7 I C TTI I THE H STORY OF S O SH VERNACULAR L TERATURE . T . F .

1 00 . Henderson . 9 m 2 . . ROBIN HOOD : edited by Joseph Ritson . volu es 1 795

THE GREAT HERO OF THE ANCIENT MINSTRE LSY OF ENGLAND . 2 Joseph Hunter . 1 85 . THE HISTORY OF THE LIVES AND ACTIONS OF THE MOST FAMOUS 8 1 s o . 1 . HIGHWAYMEN . Charle J hnson 4 s The Twa Sist er . The Cruel Brot her Hind Horn Young Beichan E dward K ing E st mere Sir Pat rick Spence The Gay Goshawk

The Wee Wee M an .

F r Ann Lord Thomas and ai e t . Lizie Lindsay (Donald of t he Isles) ’ Barbara Allen s Cruelt y Lord Lovel Thomas Rhymer Fa M a ir rgret . The Jovial Hunt er of Bromsgrove (Sir Lionel) K ing John and t he Abbot Of Cant erbury

R D BALL THE OBIN HOO AD S .

Robin Hood and Lit t le John Robin Hood and t he Golden Arrow Robin Hood and t he Curt al Friar

! R n H an All n a D ale obi ood d i . ’ Robin Hood s Deat h and Burial

THE BORDE R BALLADS

’ Johnny Armst rong s Last Good- Night Bewick and Grahame The Bat t le of Ot t erburn The Hunt ing of t he Cheviot (Chevy Chase) be rdee n

BALL AD C O UNT RY SCALE O F MILES INTRODUCTION

’ Any one who has been privile ged to listen t o children s tales oo m mm or t o o of cr ned by a southern a y, st ries adventure told om old m m now by s e grizzled lu ber an in Canada , k s that the — art of story telling unlike most other arts is not wholly dependent man who nor w upon educat ion . Many a can neither read rite can enliven a long evenmg about a camp ﬁre with stories of the woods and thrilling accounts of hi s own hairbreadth escapes r r from the dangers of storm o ﬂood o wild beast . The m en who m e m but m hear the r peat the to others perhaps , very few of the w w . are ever ritten do n — LITERATURE OF THE FOLK In medieval England there were few men who w wh ul o o o . c uld read , fe er still c d write Even men of c ul om im do no mo S m rank o d s et es re than ign their na es , and the common people often lived and died without seeing a n m r book except in the ha ds of so e priest o monk . Under such

m o - w circu stances st ry riting was practically unknown . Story m i w was . o w telling , ho ever, popular The inds the people ere o an was ﬁlled with belief in gh sts d elves and giants, and rarely there a gathering where some sort of a story was no t part of the

m - r - n . o o o o r e tertain ent Professi nal st ry tellers , st ry singers , we e t o be found in the houses of the nobles . Returned crusaders m o f had arvel us tales o adventure t o relate . o Of o o om m M st these st ries are l st , but s e have co e down o o t o own m thr ugh the l ng centuries our ti e , taught by fathers t o o mo for m their s ns , and by thers to their daughters , any o o o wa generati ns bef re they f und their into print . All such — y om o — survivals fr an earlier age legends , s ngs , and tales are

- w ni un called folk literature , for, un ritten in the begin ng , and w for m m owe o ritten any, any years , they their preservati n m m f olk o o . entirely to the e ry the f , or people o o has it s own o Every nati n of Eur pe f lk tales . In many 8 INTROD UCTION m instances these stories are prose , as in the fa iliar German m fairy tales which are unsurpassed exa ples of folk literature .

we t . w n and But have old poe ry as well Every here , in E gland : o o f among the continental peoples , there devel ped early a l ve o rhythm and the ability to make verses . When this rhythmi c ’ was e w t - was sense coupl d i h the story teller s art, the result naturally a story cast in poetic form : a story that could be sung

s w s - or chanted quite as easily a it a recited . Folk literature is

- full Of these combined song stories . Ballads we call them ; old

‘ t o dis m om ms ballads , or traditional ballads , tinguish the fr poe f r o the same general style that are written in ou own day . D — THE HISTORY OF THE BALLA S . The very earliest English t o im o o m o t c ballads date back a t e bef re the N r an invasi n ,

- e Anglo Saxon England . We do not know what they were lik for they were all forgotten long ago ; but there is no doubt that f — they existed . Those o a slightly later period from 1 200 t o — o 1 00 for mo o o few ab ut 4 have the st part been l st als , and the t m fﬁ now so our hat re ain are di cult reading , greatly has lan guage changed . The the introduction of d w . o England Fifteenth century balla s , ith th se that t m collec in the sixteen h and seventeenth centuries, ake up a of m hr r o we ore than t ee hund ed , and t day call these the

Ballads of England . There is no record of the making of the ﬁrst English yet no other form of our literature had so int eres ballad The word , 1 w u estern E rope, party) and ballet (a i ds o In the beginn ng , then , balla had a cl se dancing . Sometimes the dancers themselves was of onloo who em ha that the part the kers , p ha m as we d m by clapping their nds, uch accent ance usic

- f o beat of a drum t o day . The poorest o villagers c uld and the music of their own voices cost them nothing .

1 Fr r P . . n l n lat a a d . all a It al Ge a d . b lada S . a o b ad b . , p rt , INTRODUCTION 9

A for m ballad could never be very long , the singing ust last m An only as long as people cared to dance at one ti e . epic (a poem telling in detail the deeds of some great hero) might con m m o n r . tain a thousand lines or re, but a ballad seldo had a hu d ed o m of On the ther hand , it had not the extre e brevity a sonnet for w o t o w (fourteen lines) , hen pe ple began dance they anted to keep it up till they were weary or out of breath . Exclusive of t he of m the refrain , average length the oldest re aining English

- i o n . o of ballads is th rty f ur li es They are sh rt lines , usually o m for on v eight syllables (f ur ia bic feet) , dances the illage green w m nio ff m ere not stately , cere o us a airs , but gay asse blages of untaught folk possessed of a few simple steps which they re f eat ed o n . o o w ew p over and ver agai M re ver, ballad tunes ere w one was o new m o and hen nce learned , any verses that ca e int i a community must be adapted to it . There is therefore l ttle m f t he variety in the eter o ballads . . — D I INS No one ow who m BALLA OR G kn s ade the ballads , than we can tell just who made t he story of Cinderella f Boot s . In all the five large volumes o English ballads — Francis James Child t he most complete there is but one that is of one man hi one any , and t s is not of 1 the best nor one of the oldest . Our gnorance of the authorship t ly t o their age and partly t o the manner A piece of gossip in our own time passes o t o om m o pers n another , and quickly bec es i p ssible e wh ack to the on o originated it . It IS vain to t ry t o find a definite author for a story that has been told for hundreds f f o years and by thousands o people . Though we cannot hope t o find out who made any certain we ma om of how w ballad, y at least learn s ething ballads ere m A ade and what kind of people made them . century and a half ago Bishop Percy thought he had solved the question by m t o m m who w ascribing the the edieval instrels , d elt in the castles of the nobles but mingled with the simpler folk on public ’ holidays . For more than a hundred years Bishop Percy s ex 1 0 INTROD UCTION

was d w o mo planation accepte ith ut dispute, but re recent in vest i at ors ow m so ff o m on am g have sh n the di erent in f r , in t e ,

- m om w wo of m in subject atter, fr the kno n rk the instrels, tha f not o the same type o mind could have pr duced both . Student were then compelled t o look for a more satisfactory explanat i01 m of the origin of the ballads . Both their ethods and their dis coveries are interesting . P — COMMUNAL AUTHORSHI . Several localities have been foun< where the custom of community dancing to choral accompam m ment is still continued . Of these co munities the people neares o mo t o m of kin to the English, and theref re st likely have custo similar t o those of our own ancestors of eight or nine hundre< n of o s n of n rt l years ago, are the i habitants the Far e I la ds the o ut . o o o S Atlantic These pe ple, in their ﬁshing b ats all umm e

m- w o i ] and stor bound all inter, have had little interc urse w t the mainland of Europe and have changed very little in mam m om generations . They still reta—in pri itive cust s carried fron Norway in the ninth century customs that were once prevalen m n of o o w in a y the Eur pean nati ns, but hich have f m before the march o progress in ost places . What Islanders do tod ay the custom of our ancestors about the time when these were colonized . Community dancing is still a popular m o n w ent in their villages , and the pe ple si g hile they ew m om m t o m N ballads are ade fr ti e ti e, and growth of these we gain a possible insight into the

of our own . m A ballad always tells a story . But in the aking it

new m t o n . o a story , unfa iliar the da cers It is ften a m count Of so ething that actually happened . It has b and retold around the evening ﬁres f detail o it . Then the community At S t o the dance , one inger begins INTROD UCTION I I

not one or m of If the subject is an interesting , if the anner telling e w o prov s dull , it ill pr bably never be repeated , but if it is a suc cess it will be sung over and over again until every one in the

village knows it and it has become a genuine traditionary ballad . The earliest English ballads were made in the same way m an one man m eﬁort s not co posed by y , but by the asse bled o of practically every one in the community . Unquesti nably

they must have been very rough and crude in structure . After a good stanza improvised by a man with a natural sense of t m o of o of melody and rhy h , an ther one full all s rts faulty accents n m and lines too short or t oo lo g ight follow . The short lines o ur were dragged out or the long nes h ried along , under cover n of the music t o which they were sung . When every o e knew of om was difﬁ w the story this kind c position not cult , and ith all their crudity these songs were the basis for the next type of

ballad . l ” —F — ? BAL LAD REFRAINS . or after a while t wo or three cen — i s t ur e s m o m . , perhap there ca e a sec nd stage in ballad aking o t o hi m m Dancing c ntinued be the c ef holiday a use ent, and

ballads were still sung at all such festivities . But gradually now n w m o the participants , k o ing any ballads and theref re mor m om mo m e critical , ca e to realize that s e a ng the

others . When repeating an old man took hi s part vociferously ; when making a m oo m mo e e people ca e to l k, ore and re , to thes m i m were the ore g fted a ong their number . They i m not in . any case professional instrels Perhaps , after the of m w of om o lapse onths, the ne s s e nati nal event found its wa m m o t o mm y, uch garbled in the trans issi n , the co unity ; perhaps a sudden death awakened some old superstition ; what was o man ever the story to be told, it now t ld by one , and not

The change left the crowd unsatisﬁed . Accustomed to have w not o t o a part in the singing , they ere c ntent keep silent, and SO they began t o insert a musical phrase between the lines or As w of m . w bet een the stanzas the poe a rule , the ords sung 1 2 INTROD UCTION t o these additional notes were as meaningless as the t ra la la of om of our m o s e odern ch ruses , but they gave every one a chance t o take part . Even the little children dancing on the outskirts of the crowd could come in strongly on

Hey down down and a down

With a hey ho and a lillie gay — DIFFERENT VERSIONS When a ballad was once made it

was not e hi . o was w a ﬁxed , unchang able t ng The st ry al ays so o w m of n so n straightf r ard, and its anner telli g direct, that o very great alterations were possible ; and the people were like little children of t o- day in that they expected t o hear it exactly m wa im or w l not m m the sa e y every t e, it ou d see the sa e story .

But many variations were sure t o creep in . The singer himself i might vary it the second t me he sang it . He could neither read nor w and on m of o o rite, the ly eans preservati n lay in ral trans His wn n o om hi s mission . o ge erati n learned it fr lips and taught ’ om m mo mi it t o the next . But s e one s e ry ght play him false and,

o of by his children . Or in the c urse phrases might grow old- fashioned or newer singers ; and fresher ones were ’ ’ So t oo o or o n m , , if the her s her i e s na e

n was n . next ce tury, it cha ged Or if

n - off om on happe ed in far Brittany, s e of action t o a cliff or a cavern or a castle i and every one liked it so much the better . —I m omm LATER HISTORY . n ti e c unity dancing died om of —n n on n and l but the cust ballad si gi g c ti ued, the bal no o om t o o o s w d l nger c pelled share h n r ith the ancing , m n in m and d an entertain e t the selves increase in length . printed books began t o bring education t o the poorer n om of m printers bega publishing s e these fa iliar songs , INTROD UCTION 13

on of (that is , single sheets paper, usually printed one m hl w cha books side) , and later in pa p ets kno n as p

books) . The broadsides that are left t o us are mostly l of h latter ha f the seventeent century ; the chapbooks ,

m . w ul w in nu ber, of the eighteenth Both ere pop ar ith mm of m o the co on people, but literary critics the ti e ign red 1 1 1 w m . the Addison ( 7 ) tried to a aken an interest in ballads , “ declaring that it is impossible that anything should be uni versally tasted and approved by a multitude that hath some peculiar aptness t o please and gratify the mind s but hi praises fell on deaf ears . Fifty years more 5 3 1 6 o om , and then , in 7 5 , Bish p Th as Percy published m of Reli nes o Ancient E n lish Poet r volu es his q f g y, in

m f - w included a nu ber o these old folk ballads . It as (1v ouched for as good litera ﬁne paper and an expensive licat ion can hardly be over in folk literature t o f iastic presentation o its excellence . D — THE BALLA S . Originally the ballad stanza t wo m of ur t unri ed lines fo feet each, but it m soon developed into the ri ed couplet . The introduction of the refrain after each line apparently increased the stanza Th r l Broth r . e C ue e length to four lines (cf ) , but the second and fourth lines were nonsense syllables or a series of words absof l m ut ely unrelated to the story . Eventually these eaningless wa t o w o m r whi syllables gave y a ne er f r , a real quat ain in ch t o t he the ﬁrst and hird lines contained f ur, and second and

- o m m . f urth (the chief ri e bearing lines) three , ia bic feet This m favorite ballad eter, and such a quatrain

accepted as the standard ballad stanza . Of the

llads in o w - t wo of a this c llection , t enty are this m easiest English verse to write, and al ost sings

also are the wording and plots of the ballads . o o o m acti n nly , and therefore f r excellent 4 INTROD UCTION

m r - the es for tableau o pantomime . The ballad singer tel o not omm the tale, but he d es c ent on it in any way ; his ow o o hi s own no pini ns , preferences, have place in it . In all oth< ’ types of literature much of the reader s interest comes from t i ’ glimpses he gains from time to time of the author s personalit 1 no hi but a ballad has author . T s is doubtless one of the reasor why it is so hard t o imitate ; a modern author has rarely learne hi s om t o de himself o c pletely . — WHAT IS A BALLADP Many people have tried to formula1 o of o 11 a short, expressive definiti n a ballad, and have f und it ffi l in easy task . The di culty ies the fact that a short definit io t oo m t s invariably includes uch rather than oo little . To a m on t o m o sun erely that a ballad is a s g dance usic, or a s ng whil t o who his a e dancing , gives little aid a reader finds ball w no m no . To in print, ith usic and dancers near define it as short narrative poem might easily lead one t o think of poen ’ ow The Pied Pi er o Hamelin w m like Br ning s p f , hich has a the m o for not w m si ple en ugh a ballad, but is ritten in ballad ete o m t o m t oo o o w With ut atte pting ake sh rt a definiti n , safely say that a ballad is a short narrative poem with a o in z of o o pl t , usually stan as f ur sh rt lines , en in m of the anner its telling , and easily fitted priat e for dancing . To these characteristics the case of the old held by the great majority of students of medieval that they were not the work of professedly literary the product of an unlettered class whose native love and rhythm Showed itself in this way. A jus f li of t he m en who o the native abi ty untaught , f m w n t o poetry o such real grace and char , ill te d superiority with which we are t oo apt t o look back early centuries as crude and inartistic . A B OOK OF OLD BALLAD S

THE TWA SISTERS

t wa ow I . There was sisters in a b er, u in Edinb rgh , Ed burgh was t wa ow There sisters in a b er , Stirling for ay t wa w There was sisters in a bo er,

There came a knight t o be their wooer . Bonny Saint Johnston stands upon Tay

’ 2 t h . o e wi He c urted eldest glove and ring , u Edinb rgh , Edinburgh ’ o wi and He c urted the eldest glove ring , Stirling for ay ’ t he wi and He courted eldest glove ring , ’ ’ l n But he ov d the youngest above a thi g . Bonny Saint Johnston stands upon Tay

’

. wi r 3 He courted the eldest b ooch and knife , l ’ But ov d the youngest as his life .

. d 4 The eldest she was vexe sair ,

And much envied her Sister fair .

5 . Into her bower she could not rest , ’ Wi grief and spite she almost burst .

6 . m Upon a orning fair and clear, She cried unto her sister dear : I S 1 6 THE TWA SIS TE RS

‘ om t o on n 7 . O sister, c e y sea stra d , ’ ’ And our s om t o see father s hips c e land .

’ ’ 8 m l - . w She s ta en her by the i k hite hand , And led dow t o on n her n y sea stra d .

o n oo u on 9 . The y u gest st d p a stane , m and w in The eldest ca e thre her .

’ 1 0 mi dl m . oo s a She t k her by the d e , ’ And dash d onn t o a her b y back the j w .

‘ 1 1 m . O sister, sister , take y hand , ’ ’ And m ou t o m n I se ake y heir a y la d .

‘ m m 1 2 . O sister, sister, take y iddle , ’ An m n m d ye se get y goud a d y gouden girdle .

‘ m 1 . 3 O sister, sister , save y life , ’ ’ ’ n n m n And I swear I se ever be ae a s wife .

‘ ’

1 . o o 4 F ul fa the hand that I sh uld take, m m rl m It twined e and y wa des ake .

‘ o and llow I 5 . Y ur cherry cheeks ye hair ’ Gars m e gae maiden for evermair.

m m n n om m S w m 1 6 . o a d S eti es she sa k , s eti es he s a , m ll—m Till she came down yon bonny i da .

’ m mill son 1 . 0 out 7 it ca e the er s , m ’ And saw the fair maid swi min in .

‘ w o dam 1 8 . O father, father , dra y ur , ’ ’ n Here s either a mermaid or a swa .

1 8 THE CRUE L BROTHE R

2 w . s The eldest a both tall and fair, With a hey ho and a lillie gay o n was o m But the y u gest bey nd co pare. As the primrose spreads so sweetly

m m m 3 . The id ost had a graceful ien , l k ’ ’ But the youngest oo d like Beauty s queen .

’ ’ h w ow . l 4 The knight o d to a the three , hi But t o the youngest he bent s knee .

’ . t urn d 5 The lady her head aside, ’ o t o e The knight he wo d her be his brid .

’

6 . The lady blush d a rosy red , ’ ’ And kn I m t o we d. said , Sir ight, too young

‘ me o 7 . O lady fair, give y ur hand , ’ ’ ’ m ou of m And I ll ake y lady a y land .

m 8 . n win Sir k ight , ere ye y favor , m ’ m ’ You aun get consent frae a y kin .

’ e s H got consent frae her parents dear,

And likewise frae her sisters fair .

’

IO . o He s got c nsent frae her kin each one, o o o o But f rg t t o speak t o her br ther J hn .

Now m . w we was I I , hen the dding day co e , ni w his o m The k ght ould take b nny bride ho e .

2 And m m 1 . any a lord and any a knight m t o o Ca e beh ld that lady bright . THE CRUE L BROTHE R I 9

And was man 1 3 . there nae that did her see , i ’ m m But w sh d hi self bridegroo t o be .

ow 1 . 4 Her father dear led her d n the stair, A nd her sisters twain they kissed her there .

1 m o o 5 . Her other dear led her thr ugh the cl se ,

And her brother John set her on her horse .

’ ’ u t he - bow 1 6 . She lea d her o er saddle him - o To give a kiss ere she did g .

’

1 . o 7 He has ta en a knife , b th long and sharp , ’ And st abb d that bonny bride t o the heart .

ow 1 8 . She hadna ridden half through the t n , ’ ’ Until her heart s blood stain d her gown .

‘ ’ m n 1 . o o a 9 Ride s ftly on , says the best y ung , ‘ ’ n For I think our bonny bride looks pale and wa .

‘ m n 20 . e o O lead gently up y hill , ’ ’

And Sit w m m w . I ll there do n , and ake y ill

‘ ? ’ 2 1 . O what will you leave t o your father dear ‘ ’ - The silver shod steed that brought me here .

‘ ’ 2 2 a m ? . Wh t will you leave to your other dear m ’ My velvet pall and y silken gear .

‘ ’ 2 3 . What will you leave t o your sister Anne? ‘ m ’ My silken scarf and y gowden fan .

‘ ’ 2 4 . What will you leave to your sister Grace? ‘ ’ My bloody clothes to wash and dress . 2 0 HIND HORN

‘ ’ 2 a t o o ot 5 . Wh t will you leave y ur br her John? ‘ ’ - him n The gallows tree to hang o .

‘ ’ ’ 2 o 6 . What will you leave to your br ther John s wife? ‘ f ’ The Wilderness to end her li e .

2 s . wa 7 This lady fair in her grave laid , ’ And many a mass was o er her said .

2 8 wo m . But it uld have ade your heart right sair om To see t he bridegro rive his hair .

HIND HORN

was 1 . o In Sc tland there a baby born , ’ And his m was call d o H o na e it y ung ind H rn .

2 . He sent a letter to our king o That he was in l ve with his daught er Jean .

’ ’ He s r w 3 . gi en to her a silve and , n With seven living lavrocks sitting thereo .

’ ’ t o i m . h m 4 She s gi en a dia ond ring , With seven bright diamonds set therein

‘

. h w wan 5 When t is ring gro s pale and , Y ’ ou may know by it my love is gone .

6 . his One day as he looked ring upon ,

He saw the diamonds pale and wan .

. sea c m 7 He left the and a e to land , An n d the ﬁrst that he met was an old beggar ma . HIND HORN 2 1

‘ ’ w w ? o 8 . . What ne s , what ne s said young Hind H rn ‘ ’ w m n 0 w no a . N ne s , ne s , said the old beggar

‘ ’ ‘ ’ 0 w 9. N ne s , said the beggar, no news at a , ’ ’ But t here is a wedding in the king s ha .

‘ ’ ’ 0 w n 1 . But there is a eddi g in the king s ha t ’ That has halden these forty days and wa.

‘ 1 1 me ? . Will ye lend your begging coat ’ An d I ll lend you my scarlet cloak .

‘ ’ 1 2 me r ? . Will you lend you beggar s rung ’ And m o I ll give you y steed to ride up n .

‘ ll me I3 . Wi you lend your wig of hair , ’ To cover mine because it is fair?

1 old m m 4 . The beggar an was bound for the ill , ’ But young Hind Horn for the king s hall .

m o for t o . an I 5 The old beggar was b und ride ,

But young Hind Horn was bound for the bride .

’ 1 6 m t o t n . When he ca e he ki g s gate, ’ om He sought a drink for Hind H s sake .

1 w w . m o 7 The bride ca e d wn ith a glass of ine ,

o . When he drank out the glass , and dr pt in the ring

‘ 1 8 . 0 got ye this by sea or land? ’ ’ Or got ye it off a dead man s hand?

‘

1 . ot not ot 9 I g it by sea , I g it by land , ’ An f d ot m m O o own . I g it , ada , out y ur hand 2 2 YOUNG BE ICHAN

‘ ’ 20 off m o of ow . O I ll cast y g wns br n , ’ And w1 w beg you frae town to to n .

‘ ’ ff m f 2 1 . 0 a o o I ll c st y gowns red , ’ ’ ’ An wi o in m d I ll beg y u to w y bread .

‘ 2 2 dna off ow of o . nee w Ye cast your g ns br n , ’ ’ m ou 0 m o For I ll ake y lady any a t wn .

‘ 2 needn a off o ow of 3 . Ye cast y ur g ns red , ’ ’ ’ m n o m It s only a sha , the beggi g y bread .

YOUNG BEICHAN

was n o 1 . In London city Beicha b rn , ’ He long d strange countries for t o ’ was oo But he ta en by a savage M r, h h ’ him ll W o andl d right crue y .

For o o 2 . e thr ugh his shoulder he put a b r , And o o has thr ugh the b re pitten a tree, ’ ’ him w 0 w n And he s gard dra the carts i e, o wo t o Where h rse and oxen had nt be .

’ s him o 3 . He s ca ten in a dunge n deep , Where he could neither hear nor see ; ’ him on o He s shut up In a pris str ng , ’ h l’ And he s and d him right cruelly .

oo ae 4 . O this M r he had but daughter, wot m was I her na e Susie Pye , ’ o t o o o She s d en her the pris n h use , ’ ’ And she s call d Young Beichan one word by

‘

. d s 5 O hae ye any lan s or rent , in o o n Or cities y ur ain c u try, o ou out of o o C uld free y pris n str ng, ’ And could maintain a lady f ree? YOUNG BE ICHAN 23

‘ 6 o o m own . 0 L nd n city is y , t t wa or And o her cities three , ’ o me 0 o Could lo se out prison str ng, m ’ And could aintain a lady free .

’ men 7 . 0 she has bribed her father s ’ i m o w m W ickle g ld and hite oney , ’ ’ 0 o oo She s gotten the key the pris n d rs ,

And she has set Young Beichan free .

’ ’ ’ him 0 8 . She s gi n a loaf good white bread , ’ 0 w But an a ﬂask Spanish ine , ’ And she bade him mind on the lady s love ’ That sae kindly freed him out o pine .

Go o oo i - set your f ot on g d sh p board , And ou t o o o haste y back y ur ain c untry , And o bef re that seven years has an end , ’

m m me . Co e back again , love , and arry

It was long or seven years had an end ’ ’ She long d fu sair her love t o see ; ’ oo hi - o She s set her f t on good s p b ard , ’ And t urn d her back on her ain country .

’ ow She s sailed up , so has she d n , Till she came t o the other side ; ’ ’ Beichan s She s landed at Young gates , hi Ha And I hope t s y she shall be his bride .

‘ ’ ’ Beichan s ? Is this Young gates says she , ‘ Or is that noble prince within? ’ ‘ ’ ’ wi hi s o n He s up the stairs b n y bride , ’ ’ And m i any a lord and lady w him .

‘ ’ 0 bon has he ta en a y bride , ’ And has he clean forgotten me 1

And sighing said that gay lady , ‘ ’ I wish I were in my ain country ! 24 YOUNG BE ICHAN

’ But she s pitten her hand in her pocket , ’ And gi n the porter guineas three ; ‘ o Says , Take ye that, ye proud p rter, ’ And m t o me bid the bridegroo speak .

0 m when the porter ca e up the stair, ’ ’ He s fa n low down upon his knee : ‘ won o o Won up , up , ye pr ud p rter, ’ And what makes all this courtesy?

‘ ’ o o 1 6 . 0 I ve been p rter at y ur gates m nor and This air seven years three , But there is a lady at them now lik of w om The e h I never did see .

For on every ﬁnger she has a ring ,

And on mid- ﬁn er S the g he has three , ’ An d there s as mickle goud aboon her brow ’ ’ As w m 0 m ould buy an earldo land to e .

Then up it started Young Beichan , And w so o b s are l ud y Our Lady, ‘ It can be none but Susie Pye , ’ ’ m s That has co e o er the ea to me .

l w O quick y ran he do n the stair, ’ O ﬁfteen steps he has made but three ; ’ ’ He s ta en his bonny love in his arms . ’ n And I wot he kiss d her te derly . ‘ O hae you ta ’ en a bonny bride? And hae you quite forsaken me? And hae you quite forgotten her ’ That gave you life and liberty?

’ ’ She s lookit o er her left shoulder To hide the tears stood in her ee ; ‘ ’ ow w o she s N fare thee ell , Y ung Beichan , say , ‘ ’ ’ m on I ll strive t o think nae air thee.

26 E DWARD

‘ w w for And hatten penance ill ye dree that, w w Ed ard , Ed ard, And whatten penance will ye dree for that? ’ son now me My dear , tell O . ’ m o I ll set y, feet in y nder boat, m Mither, ither, ’ I ll set my feet in yonder boat ’ And o I ll fare ver the sea 0 .

’ ’ And w do wi o ow o what ill ye y ur t ers and y ur ha , w w Ed ard , Ed ard , ’ ’ w w do wi o ow o And hat ill ye y ur t ers and y ur ha , ’ That were sae fair t o see O? ‘ ’ ’ m ow I ll let the stand till d n they fa , m Mither, ither , ’ ’ m ow I ll let the stand till d n they fa , ’ F r o here never mair maun I be O .

‘ And w w t o wi 6 . hat ill ye leave your bairns and your w w Ed ard , Ed ard , And what will ye leave t o your bairns and your WI ’ When ye gang over the sea O? warldis oom m o The r , let the beg thr ugh life, m Mither, ither, warldis oom m o The r , let the beg thr ugh life, ’ For them never man will I see O .

‘ w w t o o m And hat ill ye leave y ur ain ither dear, w w Ed ard , Ed ard , And what will ye leave t o your am mIt her dear? ’

son now me O . My dear , tell ‘ of m e The curse hell frae shall ye bear, m Mither, ither, of eme S e The curse hell fra hall y bear , ’ e Sic counsels ye gave t o m O . K ING ES TME RE

KING E STME RE

1 t o me m . Hearken , gentle en , Come and you shall hear ; ’ I ll tell you of t wo of the boldest brothers é That ever born were .

2 o m was . The t ne of the Adler Younge, The tother was King E st mere ; They were as bold m en in their deeds

w a . As any ere, far and ne r

3 . As they were drinking ale and wine ’ hi s Within brother s hall , ‘ w m When ill ye arry a wife, brother, A wife to glad us all? ’

The b es ake him E st mere 4 . n p King , ’ And w ( I him ans er heartily, ‘ ow not I kn that lady in any land, ’ ’ r me That s able to mar y with .

. dl 5 King A and hath a daughter, brother, Men call her bright and sheen ; w o If I ere king here in y ur stead, ’ That lady should be my queen .

‘

6 . me me Says, Read , read , dear brother, ro o m r Th ugh ut er y England, we mi m Where ght ﬁnd a essenger, ’ Betwixt us two to send .

‘

. o 7 Says , You shall ride yourself , br ther, ’ I ll bear you company ; ’ m an o m deceiv d Many a thr ugh false essengers is , ’ And we I fear lest so should . 28 K ING E STME RE

8 t renisht m t . o Thus hey the ride , t wo oo renisht Of g d steeds, ’ And w m t o Adl hen they ca e King and s hall , w Of red gold shone their eeds .

w m A ’ 9 . And hen they ca e to King dland s hall , o o Bef re the g odly gat e, There they found good King Adland m Rearing hi self thereat .

‘ w h n A 1 0 . No o Christ t ee save, g od Ki g dland ; ’ Now Christ you save and see . ‘ You w om n E st mere Said, be elc e, Ki g , ’ t me Right heartily o .

‘ d ’ A 1 1 . o You have a aughter, said dler Y unge , ‘ Men call her bright and sheen ; o wo m t o w My br ther uld arry her his ife , ’ t n Of England o be quee .

‘ 1 2 was m r . Yesterday at y dear daughte son of The king his Spain , And she n him of then icked nay, ’ And I doubt she ll do you the same

‘ f i irn 1 . o s o a n 3 The king Spain a f ul p y , ’ And liev et h on o n Mah u d , And pity it were that fair lady ’ m o Should arry a heathen h und .

‘ ’ E t mere 1 . t o me n s 4 But grant , says Ki g , For m o ou y l ve I y pray , That I may see your daughter dear ’ Before I go hence away . K ING E STME RE 2 9

‘ 1 o mo 5 . Alth ugh it is seven years and re m was Since y daughter in hall , S om w She hall c e once do n for your sake , ’ To glad my guest es all .

w m h m Do n then ca e t at aiden fair , di ’ With la es lac d in pall , of o And half a hundred b ld knights , om ow To bring her fr b er to hall , m ui And as any gentle sq res ,

To tend upon them all .

f 1 7 . The talents o gold were on her head set ’ Han d low w t o g do n her knee, And every ring on her small ﬁnger f Shone o the crystal free .

’

1 8 . m m m Says, God you save, y dear ada , ’ God ou : Says , y save and see ‘ You w om E st mere Said , be elc e , King , e Right welcome unto m .

‘

1 . And ou o m e sa 9 if y l ve , as you y, So w ell and heartily, All that ever you are comen about w ’ Soon sped no it shall be .

20 . Then bespake her father dear ‘ a My d ughter, I say nay ; m m w Re e ber ell the king of Spain , What he said yesterday

‘

2 1 . w l ul ow m and He ou d p l d n y halls castles , And reave me of my life ; a o m him do I c nn t bla e if he , f ’ If I reave him o his wife . 3 0 K ING E STME RE

‘

2 2 . o and o ow Y ur castles y ur t ers , father , o o Are str ngly built ab ut, And therefore of the king his son of Spain n t a We need o st nd in doubt .

‘ 2 w . me o no E st mere 3 Plight your tr th , King , n o By heave and y ur right hand , ou w m me o w That y ill arry to y ur ife, ’ An m me f d ake queen o your land .

2 . E st mere o 4 Then King he plight his tr th , and his n By heaven right ha d , woul m t o his w That he d arry her ife, And m f his ake her queen o land .

f 2 . oo o 5 And he t k leave that lady fair , To o t o his own o g c untree, To him u s o and fetch d ke and l rds knights,

That married they might be .

2 6 not m . They had ridden scant a ile, A m o of own ile f rth the t , in om n of But did c e the ki g Spain , m m ne With ke pes any o .

f 2 . did om t e o 7 But in c e h king Spain , m o o With any a b ld bar ne, ’ o t o m A n T ne day arry King dla d s daughter , o m T ther day t o carry her ho e .

2 8 one E st mere . She sent after King , m In all the speed ight be, m s n and That he u t either turn agai ﬁght , l Or go home and lose his adye . K ING E STME RE 3 1

2 w w 9 . One hile then the page he ent , Another while he ran ; ’ o ert aken n E st mere Till he had Ki g , I- wis he never blan

‘ ’ i in n E st mere ! 0 . 3 Tid ngs , tid gs , Ki g ‘ ’ now m ? What tidings , y boy ‘ 0 l t o ou tidings I can tel y ,

That will you sore annoy .

‘ 1 You not m 3 . had ridden scant a ile , A m out of own ile the t , in om n of But did c e the ki g Spain ,

With kempes many a one .

‘ 2 m n of 3 . But in did co e the ki g Spain , m o on With any a b ld bar e , ’ t o m Adl Tone day arry King and s daughter, m Tother day to carry her ho e .

‘ she ou w 33 . My lady fair greets y ell , And evermore well by me ; You m i ust either turn aga n and ﬁght , ’ l e Or go home and lose your ady .

‘ me me o 34 . Says , Read , read , dear br ther,

My reade shall rise at thee, is t o and Whether it better turn ﬁght, ’ m l e Or go home and lose y ady .

‘ ’ Now t o me A o 3 5 . hearken , says dler Y unge , ‘ And your reade must rise at me ; I quickly will devise a way

T0 set thy lady free . 3 2 K ING E S TME RE

‘ 6 m was w . o wom 3 My ther a estern an , ’ And learn d m in gra arye, And w n he I learned at the school , om me S ething she taught it .

‘ w w t n . hi 3 7 There gro s an herb i hi t s ﬁeld , And w ow if it ere _ but kn n , o o w c is w i red His c l r , hi h h te and , w m ow It ill ake black and br n .

‘ His w is 8 . o ow 3 c lor, hich br n and black, It will make red and white ; That sword is not in all England w ll Upon his coat i bite .

‘ And u e . o 39 y shall be a harp r, brother, of no o Out the rth c untree, ’ And I ll o bo so of be y ur y, fain ﬁght , And o o bear y ur harp by y ur knee .

‘ And u s 40 . yo shall be the be t harper oo That ever t k harp in hand , And I will be the best singer

That ever sung in this land .

‘ 1 w o d 4 . It shall be ritten in our f rehea s, All m and in gra arye, That we t wo are the boldest men ’ That are in all Christ ent ye .

2 i h m . ren s t 4 And thus they the to ride , t wo renisht Of good steeds, ’ And w m t o A l hen they ca e King dland s ha l ,

Of red gold shone their weeds .

34 K ING E STME RE

‘ 0 o o d 5 . Says , Stable thy steed , th u pr u harper ‘ him Says , Stable in the stall ; It doth not beseem a proud harper ’ ’ To stable his steed in a king s hall .

’ 1 is . so 5 My ; lad he lither, he said , ‘ ’ He will do nought that s meet ; And is there any m an in this hall ’ Were able him t o beat?

‘ ’ 2 w s f . o o o n o r 5 Th u speakest pr ud rd , says the ki g Spai ‘ o t o me Th u harper , here ; There is a man withi n this hall ’ Will beat thy lad and thee .

‘ ’ O man om ow s 53 . let that c e d n , he aid, ‘ A Sight of him would I see ; And w n n w m he he hath beate ell y lad , ’ f e Then he shall beat o m .

w kem er an . o m m 54 D n then ca e the p y , ’ And look d him in the ear ; For o was n all the g ld that under heave , r He durst not neigh him nea .

’ And how now m n of n , ke pe, said the ki g Spai , ‘ And how w ? , hat aileth thee ‘ is w o He says, It rit in his f rehead , All and m in gra arye, for o is n n That all the g ld that u der heave , hi ’ I dare not neigh m nigh .

’ E r l o hi s 6 . st me e ul d 5 Then King p f rth harp , ’ And play d a pretty thing ; om o d The lady upstart fr the b ar , An w n d ould have gone from the ki g . K ING E STME RE 3 5

‘ o o 5 7 . Stay thy harp , th u pr ud harper, ’ For God s love I pray thee ; F r o o o an th u plays as th u begins, ’ ’ m o e Thou lt till y bride fr m m .

his 8 . 5 He struck upon harp again , ’ And play d a pretty thing ; ’ lau h d o The lady g a l ud laughter,

As she sat by the king .

me o 59. Says , Sell thy harp , thou pr ud harper, And thy st ringes all ; m n o o o For as a y g ld n bles th u shalt have, ’ As here be rings in the hall .

‘ ’ w do w m 60 . What ould ye ith y harp , he said , ‘ If I did sell it ye? ’ ‘ To m w me ﬁt t play y ife and a , ’ When alone together we be .

‘ ’ ‘ w me s 6 1 . No o o sell , qu th he , thy bride gay, As she sits by thy knee ; And as many gold nobles I will give ’ s A leaves be on a tree .

‘ 2 w w d w m 6 . o o d And hat uld ye ith y bri e so gay , If I did sell her thee? More seemly it is for this fair ladye ’ w me To abide ith than thee .

l ’ 6 . a d o o 3 He p y again b th l ud and shrill , And A dler he did sing , ‘ own O lady , this is thy true love , No harper, but a king . SIR PATRICK SPE NCE

‘

6 . is own 4 O lady, this thy true love, ’ As o m plainly th u ay st see, ’ And I ll rid thee of that foul paynim ’ Who parts thy love and thee .

l k’ d bl h’ d 6 . oo us 5 The lady , the lady , ’ ’ And blush d look d and again , Adl t w his While er he ha h dra n brand , And t he s w an hath o d slain .

t kem er me 66 . o n Up hen r se the p y , ’ And loud they gan t o cry ‘ ! o n our Ah trait rs , ye have slai king, ’ And therefore ye shall die .

6 E st mere w 7 . King thre the harp aside, And w w n s ith he dre his bra d , And E st mere he and Adler Younge f Right sti f in stour can stand .

8 wo so o 6 . And aye their s rds s re can bite, o of m Thr ugh help gra arye , kem er men That soon they have slain the p y , ’ Or forc d them forth to ﬂee .

E st ere la e 6 . m oo d 9 King t k that fair y , m r t o his w And a ried her ife, om t o m And brought her h e erry England ,

With her t o lead his life .

SIR PATRICK SPENCE

f rli e ow 1 . Dum e n The king sits in t n , Drinking the blood- red wine : ‘ O where will I get a good sailor ’ To sail this ship of mine? SIR PATRICK SPE NCE 3 7

2 . Up and spake an eldern knight , ’ Sat at the king s right knee ; ‘ Sir Patrick Spence is the best sailor ’ o That sails up n the sea .

h . as o 3 The king written a br ad letter, ’ ’ si n d wi And g it his hand ,

And sent it to Sir Patrick Spence,

Was walking on the sand .

. t 4 The ﬁrst line hat Sir Patrick read , A loud laugh laughed he ;

The next line that Sir Patrick read, ee The tear blinded his .

‘ wha o hi 5 . O is this has d ne t s deed , o t o me This ill deed d ne , ’ To me out m 0 send this ti e the year, To sail upon the sea !

‘ ! m m m 6 . m Make haste , ake haste , y erry en all , ’ Our goo d ship sails the mom . ‘ 0 sa m m y na sae , y aster dear, F r m o I fear a deadly stor .

‘ saw new m 7 . Late, late yestreen I the oon ’ Wi m arm the auld oon in her , m m And I fear , I fear, y dear aster, m ’ That we will come to har .

ur w 8 . 0 o Scots nobles ere right loath ’ To wet their cork- heel d shoon ; ’ ’ or w la d But lang a the play ere p y , w o Their hats they s am ab on . SIR PATRICK SPE NS

ma 9 . O lang , lang y their ladies sit, ’ Wi n o n their fa s int their ha d , Or e ’ er they see Sir Patrick Spence o Come sailing t the land .

m 1 0 . a O lang , lang y the ladies stand, ’ Wi o m their g ld ke bs in their hair, for ain o Waiting their dear l rds, ’ m m For they ll see the na air .

w w t 1 1 . o o o o Half re, half re Aberd ur, ’ om It s ﬁfty fath deep , And oo there lies g d Sir Patrick Spence, ’ i his W the Scots lords at feet .

SCOTT ’ S VERSION OF SIR PATRICK SPENS

n m 1 . The ki g sits in Dunfer line town, — Drinking the blude red wine ; O where will I get a skeely skipper ’ To sail this new ship of mine?

2 . 0 n up and spake an eldern k ight, ’ Sat at the king s right knee : Sir Patrick Spens is the best sailor ’ ’ sail That ever d the sea .

has w 3 . Our king ritten a braid letter, ’ And seal d w his it ith hand , And sent it t o Sir Patrick Spens s Wa walking on the strand .

T r . o No owa t o Norowa 4 y, y, ’ To Norowa o er faem y the , ’ of orowa The king s daughter N y, m m ’ T is thou aun bring her ha e . SIR PATRICK SPE NS 39 w 5 . The ﬁrst ord that Sir Patrick read, o o Sae l ud , l ud laughed he ; wo Sir P at rick The neist rd that read, his ee The tear blinded .

‘ hi 6 . o O wha is this has d ne t s deed , ’ 0 me And tauld the king , T0 send us out at this time of the year To sail upon the sea?

‘ w s . w 7 Be it ind , be it eet , be it hail , be it leet , Our ship must sail the faem ; ’ of orowa The king s daughter N y, m ’ T is we must fetch her ha e .

’ 8 ho s d Monenda mo . They y their sails on y rn , ’ ’ Wi a the speed that they may ; They hae landed in Noroway s Upon a Woden day .

dn w k 9. They ha a been a eek , a wee orowa w In N y but t ae , ’ When that the lords O Noroway ' Began aloud to s ay

‘ ’ ’

10 . o men o Ye Sc ttish spend a our king s g ud , ’ ’ And a our q uee nis fee ! ‘ o Ye lie , ye lie , ye liars l ud, ’ Fu loud I hear ye lie !

‘ 1 1 s w . For I brought a much hite money As m men and me gain y , ’ And I brought a half- fou o gude red goud ’ ’ o er wi e Out the sea m . 40 SIR PATRICK SPE NS

‘ ’ 1 2 m m m m . Make ready , ake ready, y erry en a , ’ Our gude ship sails the morn . ‘ ow ! m m N ever alack y aster dear,

I fear a deadly storm .

‘ w m 1 . saw ne oo 3 I the n late yestreen , ’ Wi the auld moon in her arm ; And we t o sea m if gang , aster, ’ m ’ I fear we ll co e t o harm .

il’ d I . sa a 4 They—hadna league , a league , A league but barely three , f w w w o When the li t gre dark , and the ind ble l ud, 5 5 And gurly grew the sea

1 o o m 5 . The anch rs brake , and the t p asts lap , was o m It sic a deadly st r , ’ And the waves came o er the broken ship ’ w n Till a her sides ere tor .

1 6 0 w w o . here ill I get a gude sail r, To m m take y hel in hand , u 't o o m s Till I get p the tall t p a t , ’ To see if I can spy land?

‘ m o 1 . 0 a 7 here I , a sail r gude , 0 t he m T take hel in hand , Till you go up t o the tall topmast ° ’ ’ But I fear you ll ne er spy land .

S 1 8 . He hadna gane a tep , a step , A but step barely ane , o ﬂew out of our o s When a b lt g odly hip ,

And the salt sea it came in .

4 2 THE GAY GOSHAWK

2 ff 6 . O forty miles o Aberdeen is om T ﬁfty fath s deep , And there lies gude Sir Pat rick Spens ’ i o W the Sc ts lords at his feet .

THE GAY GOSHAWK

‘ ’ ’ 1 w s me 0 m s . O ell y gay go hawk That he can speak and ﬂee ; ’ m o He ll carry a letter to y l ve, ’ Bring back another t o me .

‘ 2 h w . 0 o o can I your truel ve ken , Or how can I her know? When frae her mouth I never heard ’ ’ r i m s w No w y eyes her a .

‘ m . 0 w o 3 ell shall ye y truel ve ken , As soon as you her see ; ’ ’ For of ﬂow rs in nd a the fair Engla , ’ ﬂ w r The fairest o is she .

‘ ’ ’ At m ow —oo 4 . even at y love s b r d r ows ow n There gr a b i g birk , An d sit ye down and sing thereon s As she gang t o the kirk .

‘ - - w 5 . And four and t enty ladies fair w and o t o Will ash g kirk , w m o ken But ell shall ye y truel ve , n For she wears goud o her skirt .

‘ And w 6 . four and t enty gay ladies t o m s Will the as repair, w m u o But ell shall ye y tr el ve ken , ’ For she wears goud on her hair . THE GAY GOSHAWK 43

’ ’ bow r- 7 . O even at that lady s door w ow There gro s a b ing birk, And w n he sat do n and sa g thereon,

As she gaed to the kirk .

‘ m m ’ 8 . 0 eat and drink , y arys a The wine ﬂows you among Till I gang t o my shot- window ’ And on o hear y b nny bird s song .

‘ m . d 9 Sing on , sing on , y bonny bir ,

The song ye sang the streen , For I ken by your swee t singing ’ m ’ You re frae y truelove sen .

1 0 . m r O ﬁrst he sang a er y song , And then he sang a grave , ’ And ick d then he p his feathers gray ,

T0 her the letter gave .

‘ ’

1 1 . o Ha , there s a letter frae y ur love , He says he sent you three : w o 10ve He canna ait y ur langer, ’ f r But o your sake he ll dee .

‘ 2 w 1 . ou t o him He bids y rite a letter , ’ He says he s sent you ﬁve ; w o o n He canna ait y ur l ve la ger, ’ ’ wom Tho you re the fairest an alive .

‘ - 1 . him 3 Ye bid bake his bridal bread , w And bre his bridal ale , ’ And I ll meet him in fair Sco tland ’ or Lang , lang it be stale . 44 THE GAY GOSHAWK

’

1 . t o 4 She s doen her her father dear, ’ Fa n low down on her knee : ‘ A oo oo m d b n , a b n , y father ear ’ me I pray you, grant it .

! Ask n m 1 . o on 5 , ask , y daughter, And granted it shall be ; ae in o Except squire fair Sc tland, ’ An him ou d y shall never see .

‘ m 1 6 . onl oo The y b n , y father dear, do of That I crave thee , Is die o n , gin I in s uthern la ds , t me In Scotland o bury .

‘ And ﬁrst in 1 . om 7 the kirk that ye c e till , Ye t h s gar e bell be rung , And next in om the kirk that ye c e till ,

Ye gar the mass be sung .

‘ r i m ll 1 8 . And t hi d n o the kirk that ye c e ti , You o for m deal g ld y sake , And the fourt hin kirk that ye come till ’ You tarry there till night .

w’ 1 . e t o o 9 She is do n her her bigly b r, As as S o l fast he c u d fare, ’ And has she ta en a sleepy draught, ’ wi’ That she had mix d care .

’ 2 w o 0 . o She s laid her d n up n her bed , ’ ’ And oo s n she s fa n asleep , ’ And soon o er every tender limb

Cauld death began t o creep . THE GAY GOSHAWK

was ow was om 2 1 . n When ight ﬂ n , and day c e, Nae one that did her see

‘ But thought she was as surely dead

As any lady could be .

2 ot 2 . Her father and her br hers dear Gard make t o her a bier ; ’ was 0 o The tae half guid red g ld , ’ The tither 0 silver clear .

2 mit 3 . Her her and her sisters fair Gard work for her a sark ; ’ was 0 m The tae half ca bric ﬁne, ’ w Tither o needle ark .

2 ﬁrst in m . l 4 The kirk that they ca e til ,

They gard the bells be rung , And nex t in m the kirk that they ca e till ,

They gard t he mass be sung .

2 . t hirdin m 5 The kirk that they ca e till , for They dealt gold her sake , fourt hin m And the kirk that they ca e till , met m ! Lo, there they her ake

‘ 2 w 6 . o la Lay d n , y down , the bigly bier, ’ me Let the dead look on . Wi’ cherry cheeks and ruby lips ’ smil She lay and d on him .

‘ ’

2 . 0 ae 0 7 sheave your bread , truelove , ae of o w And glass y ur ine , For I hae fasted for your sake 46 THE WE E WE E MAN

2 8 . m m m o d o Gang ha e , gang ha e, y seven b l br thers, Gang hame and sound your horn ; And ye may boast in southern lands ’ ’ ’ la Your sister s p y d you scorn .

THE WEE WEE MAN

As w s w n al 1 . a o I alki g all ne, ’ w w wa Bet een a ater and a , ’ And s d wee wee man there I py a , ’ And was s he the least that e er I aw .

’ 2 Hi sh t hm n . s w a o t s n legs ere scarce a le gth , And thick and thimber was his thigh ; w n ow was Bet ee his br s there a span , And w hi s o was hr bet een sh ulders there t ee .

oo m n 3 . He t k up a ickle sta e , ’ And he ﬂang t as faras I could see ; o had Th ugh I been a Wallace Wight, ’ n I couldna lifte t t o my knee .

‘ wee wee man o n ! 4 . O , but th u be stra g ’ 0 tell me where thy dwelling be? ’ My dwelling s down at yon bonny bower ; ’ 0 will you go with me and see?

we awa we 5 . On lap , and rade, Till we came t o yon bonny green ; d down for t o our o We lighte bait h rse,

And out there came a lady ﬁne .

6 o w . F ur and t enty at her back , ’ And they were a clad out in green ; o n of o n e Th ugh the ki g Sc tla d had been ther , ’ hi The warst o them might hae been s queen . LORD THOMAS AND FAIR ANNE T

we awa we 7 . On lap , and rade, ’ we m t o o Till ca e yon b nny ha , ’ was o - Where the roof the beaten gold , ’ ’ n A d the ﬂoor was 0 the crystal a .

we m t - 8 . o oo When ca e the stair f t , di w m sma La es ere dancing , ji p and w of But in the t inkling an eye, wee wee man was w My clean a a.

LORD THOMAS AND FAIR ANNET

1 o om A . L rd Th as and Fair nnet ’ Sat a day on a hill ; ni was om was When ght c e, and sun set , ’ They had not talk d their ﬁll .

m w 2 . o o Lord Th as said a rd in jest , Fair Annet took it ill ; ‘ A w l wed w , I i l never a ife ’ ’ A n m w gai st y ain friends ill .

‘ w wed w f 3 . If ye ill never a i e , ’ ’ w w e A ife ill ne er w d ye . m t o m Sae he is ha e tell his ither,

And knelt upon his knee .

‘ m ’ 4 . O rede, O rede , ither , he says , ‘ ’ A good rede gi e t o m e :

a - ow O shall I t ke the nut br n bride, And let Fair Annet be? ’

‘ - . ow o 5 The nut br n bride has g ud and gear, Fair Annet she has got none ; i A And the little beauty Fa r nnet has , ’ O it will soo n be gone . LORD THOMAS AND FAIR ANNE T

6 And has t o o o . he his br ther g ne ‘ ow o me N , br ther, rede ye ;

A m - ow , shall I arry the nut br n bride, ’ And let Fair Annet be?

‘ - o o o 7 . The nut br wn bride has xen , br ther, The nut- brown bride has kye ;

wad m - ow I hae ye arry the nut br n bride, ’ And cast Fair Annet by .

‘ ’ 8 o ma die o s . Her xen y i the h u e, billie , And o her kye int the byre , ’ And I shall hae nothing t o mysel ’ But a fat fadge by the ﬁre .

And has t o his o 9 . he sister g ne ‘ NOW m e , sister, rede ye ;

0 m - ow shall I arry the nut br n bride, ’ And set Fair Annet free?

‘ ’ ’ A m 10 . o I se rede ye tak Fair nnet , Th as , And let the brown bride alane ; “ o A Lest ye sh uld sigh , and say, las , Who is this we brought hame?

‘ ’ ’ 1 1 O I w m mi o . N , ill tak y ther s c unsel , ’ And marry m e out 0 hand ; ’ And w nut - own I ill tak the br bride, ’ Fair Annet may leave the land .

’ 1 2 o rAnnet s t . Up then r se Fai fa her, wa o or w T h urs it ere day , And he is gone into the bower

Wherein Fair Annet lay .

LORD THOMAS AND FAIR ANNE T

’ And w cam 20 . o hen she int the kirk,

' ’ She shimmer d like the sun ; was The belt that about her waist, ’ ’ wi e ne Was a pearls b do .

b - 2 1 . sat ow She her y the nut br n bride, _ And w her een they ere sae clear, o om o o L rd Th as he clean f rg t the bride, A When Fair nnet drew near .

2 2 o o hi s . He had a r se int hand, ’ He ga e it kisses three,

And - ow reaching by the nut br n bride, ’ on Annet s Laid it Fair knee .

’ - 2 . 3 Up then spak the nut brown bride, ’ ’ She spak wi mickle spite : ‘ And where got ye that rose- water ’ ’ That does mak ye so white?

‘ o - w 24 . O I did get that r se ater ’ w n n Where ye ill e er get ane, For I got that very rose- water ’ on m Aneath y arble stane .

2 she w o 5 . The bride dre a long b dkin

out - Frae her gay head gear, And A o strake Fair nnet unt the heart, w ’ m That ord she spak never air .

m saw 26 . o L rd Tho as he Fair Annet wax pale, And marvelled what mote be ; ’ w saw her But hen he dear heart s blude, ’ - h A wood wroth waxed e . LIZIE LINDSAY

w hi s was 2 . 7 He dre dagger that sae sharp , was m That sae sharp and eet ,

And o nut - ow drave it int the br n bride,

That fell dead at his feet .

‘ ’ 2 8 Now me A . stay for , Fair nnet , he said, ‘ ’ Now m stay , y dear, he cried ; i Then strake the dagger unt l his heart ,

And fell dead by her side .

’ 2 o m was w wa 9. L rd Tho as buried ithout kirk , A w hi uier Fair nnet it n the q , ’ And 0 t atn w the e there gre a birk ,

The other a bonny brier .

0 a w a w 3 . And y they gre , and y they gre , As they wad fain be near ; And ma w by this ye y ken right ell , o They were t wa l vers dear .

LIZIE LINDSAY (DONALD OF THE ISLES)

’ f ’ 1 . o o o It s a y ung lord the Hielands , A o n w b n ie bra castle had he , And s t o m he ays his lady ither, ‘ My boon ye will grant t o m e t o Shall I gae Edinburgh city , ’ ’ And fetch hame a lady wi me ?

‘ 2 m . a Ye y gae to Edinburgh city , ’ And m a lad wi t fetch ha e y hee , r ﬂat t rie But see that ye b ing her but , ’ And u h r overt i co rt e in great p e . 5 2 LIZIE LINDSAY ‘ m ’ . o 0 laiden 3 My c at , ither, shall be the p , A o m tartan kilt ver y knee , ’ Wi hosen and brogues and the bonnet ; ’ ’ ’ wi ﬂ eri I ll court her nae at t e .

’ cam 4 . When he to Edinburgh city, ’ ’ la d at n ba He p y the ri g and the , And saw mo o o ny a b nnie y ung lady, ’ ’ Lizie 0 m But Lindsay was ﬁrst the a .

’ dress d his laiden 5 . Syne, in hieland grey p ,

o oo ee - His b nnet ab n his bree, ’ call d on 1 He fair Liz e Lindsay, ‘ Lizie w me? Says, , ill ye fancy

‘ m 6 . And gae to the Hielands , y lassie, ’ wi m e ? And gae , gae t o Lizie L O gae the Hielands , indsay , ’ n I ll feed ye o curds and green whey .

‘ ’ ’ And 0 7 . ye se get a bed green bracken, My plaidie will hap thee and me ; ’ m m o Lizie Ye se lie in y ar s , b nnie , ’ t wi’ ’ If ye ll gae o the Hielands me .

‘

8 . 0 how can I gae to the Hielands, ’ how wi Or can I gae thee , w am When I dinna ken here I gaing, ’ Nor wha I hae to gae wi ?

‘ 9. My father, he is an auld shepherd, m she is My ither, an auld dey ; m is o o My na e it D nald Macd nald, ’ ’ My name I ll never deny . LIZIE LINDSAY 53

‘ ’ ’ 0 o 1 . 0 D nald , I ll gi e ye ﬁve guineas To ae m o m sit hour in y r o , Till I tak aﬂ your ruddy picture ; ’ ’ When I hae it , I ll never think lang .

‘ I I i o . I d nna care for y ur ﬁve guineas ; ’ ’ It s ye that s the jewel t o m e ; ’ ’ o s I ve plenty kye in the Hieland , ’ To feed ye wi curds and green whey .

‘ ’ 1 2 . And ye se get a bonnie blue plaidie, ’ ’ Wi red and green stripes thro it a ; ’ ’ o 0 o w And I ll be the l rd y ur d elling , ’ And that s the best picture ava .

‘ ’ ’ am i o m 13 . And I la rd a y possessions ; ’ The king canna boast 0 na mare ; ’ And ye se hae my true heart in keeping ; ’ ’ here ll T be na ither e en has a share .

‘ t m 1 1 . o 4 Sae gae the Hielands , y lass e , ’ ’ O gae awa happy wi m e ; t o t he Lizie O gae Hielands , Lindsay , ’ ’ m e And herd the wee la bies wi m .

‘ ’ 1 h . ow wi 5 O can I gae a stranger , ’ Ower hills and o er glens frae my hame? ‘ ’ I tell ye I m D onald Macdonald ; ’ ’ ’ I ll ever be proud o my name .

’ ’ 1 6 ow cam Lizie r . D n Lindsay s ain fathe , ’ A knight o a noble degree ; ‘ do m Says , If ye steal y dear daughter , ’ ’ It s han it g ye quickly shall be . LIZIE LINDSAY

’ ’ 1 hi s - t urn d o wi boun ie . c 7 On heel he r und a , ’ And a light laugh he did gi e ‘ ’ There s nae law in Edinburgh city ’ i : can d t o n e Th s day that are ha g m .

’ ’ bes ak Lizie s m n 18 . wo Then up p best a , And a bonnie young lassie was she ; ‘ m m ouchie Had I but a ark in y p , ’ It s D onald that I wad gae

‘ wad e o ff 1 . 0 o 9 Helen, y leave y ur c er, _ ’ And o s w a y ur silk kirtle sae bra , ’ ’ n wi - hou h d oo And ga g a bare g p r laddie, And mi leave father , ther , and

‘ ’ 2 w r w 0 . o o But I think he s a itch a arl ck , ’ om hi n 0 Or s et g that fell degree , ’ ’ ’ For awa wi o n o I ll gae y u g D nald, ’ Whatever my fortune m ay be .

Lizie w m n 2 1 . o Then laid d n her silk a tle, ’ And on w n - m d ow put her aiti g ai s g n , c And aﬁ and awa t o the hielands ’ ’ n wi She s go e this young shepherd lown .

’ ’ Through glens and o er mountains they wander Till Lizie had scant lie a shoe ; ‘ ’ A and o on ! Lizie las h e says fair , Sad was the ﬁrst day I saw you ! I wish I were in Edinburgh city ; ’ ’ s m Fu air, sair this pasti e I rue .

‘ 2 O u n now onni Lizie . o o 3 ha d y ur t gue , b e , ’ For on s n m m y der the shieli g , y ha e ; ’ And s m d o m there y guid aul h nest ither , ’ ’ min t m That s co g o eet ye her lane . BARBARA ALLE N’S CRUE L TY 5 5

‘ ’ ’ w om w om o O ye re elc e , ye re elc e , Sir D nald , ’ ’ Ye re welcome back hame t o your ain . ‘ ’ m e o D o O ca na y ung Sir nald , ’ ’ But ca m e D onald my son ; o in And this they hae sp ken Erse , Lizie n t That might o understand .

weet ie and da ie The day being gg , ’ ’ They lay till t was lang o the day ‘ win on Lizie Win up , up , b nie , ’ And help at the milking the kye .

’ O slowly rais d up Lizie Lindsay The saut tear blindi t her ee ‘ w di O , ere I in E nburgh city , The Hielands should never see me !

2 t o m o n 7 . He led her up a hie untai And bade her loo k out far and wide ‘ ’ ’ I m o o mo n l rd thae isles and thae u tains , ’ w And ye re no my beautiful bride .

’ m 28 . t o Sae rue na ye ve co e the Hielands , ’ ’ na om oﬂ wi m e Sae rue ye ve c e , ’ ’ For o w ye re great Macd nald s bra lady , ’ An w d ill be t o the day that ye dee .

BARBARA ALLEN ’ S CRUELTY

w w was o 1 . o In Scarlet T n , here I b rn , ’ was m dwellin There a fair aid , ‘ ’ o w ! Made every y uth cry , Wella ay

Her name was Barbara Allen .

2 All mo of . m in the erry nth May , ’ n s swellin Whe green bud they are ,

o mm o on - Y ung Je y Gr ve his death bed lay , F r f o love o Barbara Allen . BARBARA ALLE N’S CRUE L TY

n man o n 3 . He se t his unt her the , ’ To the town where she was dwellin ; ‘ You m om t o m m ust c e y aster dear, m If your na e be Barbara Allen .

‘ F r on . o t 4 dea h is printed his face, ’ ’ And o er his heart is stealin ; n w t o om o him The haste a ay c f rt , ’ 0 lovely Barbara Allen .

‘ hi . o n on s 5 Th ugh death be pri ted face , ’ ’ And o er is his heart stealin , Yet little better shall he be ’ r Fo bonny Barbara Allen .

w w m 6 . So o o sl ly, sl ly, she ca e up , And slowly she came nigh him ; And S w n m all he said , he there she ca e, ‘ ’ ’

o man o . Y ung , I think y u re dying

’ rn d o . t u 7 He his face unt her straight , With deadly sorrow sighing ; o m om m e O l vely aid , c e pity ’ - b I m on my death ed lying .

- do 8 . on o ou If y ur death bed y lie, ’ What needs the tale you are tellin ; I cannot keep you from your death ; ’ A w . Fare ell , said Barbara llen

’ u o w 9 . He tur d his face unt the all , As deadly pangs he fell in : ‘ A i ! ! di t o d eu adieu a eu you all , ’ Adieu t o Barbara Allen !

LORD LOVE L

LORD LOVEL

‘ And w Ouncebell I fare you ell , Lady , For m o I ust needs be g ne, ’ And t m t wo m ou his ti e year I ll eet y again , ’ e To ﬁnish the loves w begun .

‘ ’ 2 m . o o o she That is a l ng ti e , L rd L vel , said , ‘ ’ T in o live fair Scotland . ‘ And so is Ouncebell it , Lady , ’ To leave a fair lady alone .

n 3 . He had ot been in fair Scotland Not o half ab ve half a year, o m n m n o his But a l nging i d ca e i t head, uncebell w see Lady O he ould go her .

his —oom 4 . He called up stable gr , To saddle his milk- white steed ; own own ow w Dey d , dey d , dey d n dery do n,

I wish Lord Lovel good speed .

not in on 5 . He had been fair Lond Not o half ab ve half a day , of h But he heard the bells the high c apel ring, s rer They rang with a ce e a.

f m 6 . o He asked a gentle an , o That sat there all al ne, W m of hat ade the bells the high chapel ring,

The ladies make all their m oan .

‘ ’ ’ of is 7. One the king s daughters dead , said he, ‘ Lady Ouncebell was her name ; for ove of o o o She died l a c urte us y ung knight, m ’ Lord Lovel he was the sa e . THOMAS RHYME R 59

8 o ow . He caused her c rpse to be set d n , And w o her inding sheet und ne, And he made a vow before them all ’ w m He d never kiss o an again .

Ouncebell on 9. Lady died the yesterday , Lord Lovel on the m orrow ; Ouncebell for o Lady died pure true l ve , f Lord Lovel died or sorrow .

bell was 1 0 . Ounce Lady buried in the high chancel , Lord Lovel in the choir ; ’ Ouncebell s out w Lady breast sprung a s eet rose , ’ o of w L rd Lovel s a bunch s eet brier .

1 1 . w w t o They gre till they gre to the p of the church , And then they could grow no higher ; ’ w w t o t ruelover s o They gre till they gre a kn t , And o then they tied b th together .

1 2 An Old wom m wa . an co ing by that y, And n a blessi g she did crave , ’ To off of t t ruelover s o cut a bunch hat kn t , And m o one buried the b th in grave .

THOMAS RHYMER

’ m er 1 . o o o True Th as lay y nd grassy bank , And he beheld a lady gay , A was o lady that brisk and b ld , ’ m n o er Co e ridi g the ferny brae .

2 w s f - . a o Her skirt the grass green silk, m of t he Her antle velvet ﬁne , ’ At ilka t et t of her horse s mane

Hung ﬁfty silver bells and nine . 6 0 THOMAS RHYME R

m ff . o 3 True Tho as he took his hat, ’ And bow d him low down till hi s knee ‘ All o m n of n ! hail , th u ighty Quee Heave ’ o on For y ur peer earth I never did see .

‘ ’ m she . 0 no o 4 , O no, True Th as , says , ‘ That name does not belong t o me ; am n of E lﬂand I but the quee fair , ’ And I m m for t o co e here visit thee .

‘ ’ m o wi m e now om 5 . But ye aun g , Th as , ’ om m o wi me True Th as , ye aun g , m m e n But ye aun serve seve years , ’ o w or woe m a t o Thr ugh eal as y chance be .

’ t r m - whi t 6 . u n d o She ab ut her ilk e steed , And oo u om n t k Tr e Th as up behi d , ’ And w n l aye he e er her brid e rang , ﬂew w n w The steed s ifter tha the ind .

For o n 7 . forty days and f rty ights w o oo t o n He ade thr red bl d the k ee, And saw n nor moon he either sun , n f But heard the roari g o the sea .

8 . 0 o on on they r de , and further , Until they came t o garden green ‘ ow own e Light d n , light d , ye lady fr e , ’ m f m e t o So e o that fruit let pull thee .

‘ ’ 0 no 0 no hom 9 . , , True T as , she says , ‘ ’ m n not t ouch d That fruit au be by thee , ’ For a the plagues that are in hell on of s o Light the fruit thi c untrie . THOMAS RHYME R 6 1

‘ 1 0 o m . But I have a l af here in y lap , w of w Like ise a bottle claret ine, now o And ere we g farther on , ’ ’ ma We ll rest a while , and ye y dine .

1 1 . r n When he had eaten and d u k his ﬁll , m ’ Lay down your head upon y knee , ‘ we m The lady said , ere cli b yon hill , w h And I ill Show you fairlies t ree .

1 2 see . O ye not yon narrow road , So thick beset wi’ thorns and briers? o That is the path of righte usness , af r it bu res Though te t few enqui .

1 . see h 3 And ye not t at broad broad road , That lies across yon lily leven? a t he of w Th t is path ickedness , Th m al a ough so e c l it the ro d to heaven .

‘

1 . see o o 4 And ye not that b nny r ad , Which winds about the ferny brae? t o E lﬂand That is the road fair ,

Where you and I t his night maun gae .

‘ 1 m u . m 5 But , Tho as , ye aun hold yo r tongue , ou ma or se e Whatever y y hear , ae wo ea For gin rd you should chance to sp k , ’ ’ 0 You will ne er get back t o your ain countrie . 6

1 e 6 . He has gotten a coat of the ven cloth o of And a pair of sh es velvet green , And till seven years were past and gone True Thomas on earth was never seen 6 2 FAIR MARGRE T

FAIR MARGRET

w s l 1 . a o ad e Fair Margret a y ung y , And come of high degree ; M was o lad e Fair argret a y ung y , d o An pr ud as proud could be .

2 was lad e . Fair Margret a rich y , ’ The king s cousin was she ; was lad e Fair Margret a rich y ,

And vain as vain could be .

’ w w on cleedin 3 . She ar d her ealth the gay om o sea That c es frae y nt the , She spent her time frae morning till night

Adorning her fair bodye .

’ Ae her 4 . night she sate in stately ha , ’ K aimin ow her yell hair, in m i When there ca e like a gentle kn ght,

And a white scarf he did wear .

‘ ’ ’ w o rw wi me sir 5 . O hat s y u ill , knight, ’ ’ O what s your will wi me ? ’ You re the likest t o my ae brother

That ever I did see .

‘ ’ o m ae o 6 . Y u re the likest to y br ther y ee That e er I hae s n, ’ he s nf m But buried in Du er line kirk, ’ A month and mair bygane .

‘ ’ I m our' ae ot 7 . the likest to y br her did see That ever ye , For n o m I canna get rest i t y grave, ’ f r f A o the pride o thee . THE JOVIAL HUNTE R OF BROMSGROVE 63 8 ‘ . Leave pride , Margret, leave pride, Margret, Leave pride and vanity ; t seen Ere ye see the sights tha I hae ,

Sair altered ye maun be .

‘ m 9 . O ye co e in at the kirk door ’ Wi the gowd plaits in your hair; w But wad ye see hat I hae seen , m ’ Ye maun the a forbear .

‘ m 10 . O ye co e in at the kirk door ’ ’ Wi the gowd prins i your sleeve ; wad wh But ye see at I hae seen , ’ Ye maun gie them a their leave .

‘

1 1 . Leave pride, Margret, leave pride, Margret , Leave pride and vanity ;

Ere ye see the sights that I hae seen , ’ ’ alt er d m Sair ye aun be .

’

1 2 . ot He g her in her stately ha , ’ K aimin w her yello hair, on He left her her sick sick bed ,

Shedding the saut saut tear .

THE JOVIAL HUNTER OF BROMSGROVE (VE RSION OF SIR LIONEL)

1 . Sir Robert Bolton had three sons,

Wind well thy horn , good hunter ’ And one Of them was call d Sir Ryalas; s For he wa a jovial hunter .

’

2 . ran d He g all round by the woodside, Wind well thy horn good hunter Till up in the top of a tree a gay lady he spied ; i For he was a jov al hunter. 6 4 THE JOVIAL HUNTE R OF BROMSGROVE

‘ ’ w o ho m ? 3 . O hat d st t u ean , fair lady said he ; ’ w o kill d m o men 1 0 O the ild b ar has y l rd and his thirty, ’ As thou beest a j ovial hunter .

‘ ’ w I do w o t o see? 4 . O hat shall this ild b ar . ‘ ’ 0 t ow b om o hee bl a last , and he ll c e unt thee, ' ’ beés As thou t a j ovial hunter .

o hi s mo 5 . Then he put his horn unt uth ’ blow d o w Then he a blast full n rth , east , est and south, As he was a jovial hunter

t he w him l hi 6 . o o s And ild b ar heard fu l int den , m t he of o him Then he ade best his speed unt , R al s TO a o . Sir y , the j vial hunter

he w o so o and o 7 . Then t ild b ar, being st ut so str ng , ’ He t hrash d down the trees as he came along R l s To a a o . Sir y , the j vial hunter

i ‘ ’ w o o want of me ? o 8 . 0 hat d st th u the wild b ar said he ; ‘ 0 m do for I think in y heart I can enough thee, ’ For I am a j ovial hunter .

’ o o o o mm 9 . Then they f ught f ur h urs in a l ng su er s day, Till the wild boar fain would have gotten away R las om a o . Fr Sir y , the j vial hunter

’ 1 0 R las draw d o wo w . a m Then Sir y his br ads rd ith ight , And he fairly cut his head oﬂ quite ;

For he was a jovial hunter .

1 1 ut f w w wom ﬂew . Then o o the ood the ild an ‘ ’ Oh thou hast kill d my pretty spotted pig ! e' As thou be st a jovial hunter .

66 K ING JOHN AND THE ABBOT OF CANTE RBURY

r . o m ou ovi e me no 4 I h pe , y liege , that y grudge ’ nd of m - o For spe ing y true g tten goods . o os not n w me o If th u d t a s er questi ns three, om Thy head shall be taken fr thy body .

m . W a so on m 5 hen I set high y steed , m ow of o o m With y cr n g ld up n y head , Amo all m o wit o and m m ngst y n bility, h j y uch irth , o m m e one w am wo Th u ust tell to penny hat I rth .

‘ And s on ou m not o the next que ti y ust ﬂ ut , How long I shall be riding the world ab out ; And on o m s not the third questi th u u t shrink . ’ m e w do But tell truly hat I think ,

‘ 0 o for m ow wit these are hard questi ns y shall , For I cannot answer your grace as yet ; ou w m e t But if y ill give but hree days space, ’ ’ I ll do my endeavor t o answer your grace .

‘ w O three days space I ill thee give , r t Fo that is the longest day thou hast o live . A d o o not w on n if th u d st ans er these questi s right, m ’ Thy head shall be taken fro thy body quite .

And was o n t o hi s o as the shepherd g i g f ld , ’ He spy d the old abbot come riding along ; ‘ ’ How now m o ? o w om om , aster abb t Y u re elc e h e ; What news have you brought from good King John

‘ w w t o lve I o . sad Sad ne s , ne s I have thee g ; ’ For I have but three days space for t o live ; do not n w him e on If I a s er qu sti s three, w m My head ill be taken from y body . K ING JOHN AND THE ABBOT OF CANTE RBURY 6 7

‘ 1 1 i on d . When he is set so h gh his stee , w o With his cro n of gold up n his head , Amo o w - “ m m ngst all his n bility , ith joy and uch irth , him w I must tell to one penny hat he is worth .

‘ 1 2 And o m o . the next questi n I ust not ﬂ ut , How long he shall be riding the world about ; And o m not the third questi n I ust shrink , ’ l hi w n But te l m truly hat he does t hi k .

‘ m did o 1 . u 3 O aster, y never hear it yet , That a fool may learn a wise man wit ? me o o o Lend but y ur h rse and y ur apparel , ’ ’ t o o w I ll ride fair Lond n and ans er the quarrel .

‘ w m s hi m 1 . No a o 4 I set gh on y steed , m ow of o o m With y cr n g ld up n y head , Am m o w o m m ongst all y n bility , ith j y and uch irth , ’ e w am w Now tell m to one penny hat I orth .

‘ 1 or hi our o was 5 . F t rty pence Savi ur sold , Amo w ou o ngst the false Je s , as y have been t ld , ’ And w wo of nine and t enty s the rth thee , ’ F r ne w o I think thou art o penny orser than He .

‘ And the next question thou mayst not ﬂout ; ’ How long shall I be riding the world about? ‘ m w w t he m You ust rise ith the sun , and ride ith sa e m Until the next orning he rises again , And then I am sure you will make no doubt ’ ’ - But in twenty four hours you ll ride it about .

‘

1 . t he t ou m 7 And hird question y ust not shrink , ’ e But tell m truly what I do think . 6 8 K ING JOHN AND THE ABBOT OF CANTE RBURY

‘ ’ All can do t w m ou m that I , and ill ake y erry ; ’ For I m A o you think the bb t of Canterbury , ’ I m his oo as ou ma see But p r shepherd , y y , ’ am om t o o for me And c e beg pard n he and for .

’ n t urn d him o nd mi 1 8 . a The ki g he ab ut did s le, ‘ ’ o be o o w Saying , Th u shalt the abb t the ther hile . ‘ no m no O , y grace , there is such need, ’ r For I can neither write no read .

‘ n o o w w o 1 9. The f ur p unds a eek ill I give unt thee For this merry jest thou hast told unto me ; And old o w ou om om 8e tell the abb t, hen th c est h e, ’ him o m Thou hast brought a pard n fro good King John . THE ROBIN HOOD BALLADS — THE ROBIN HOOD LEGENDS While it is impossible to ac o cept as true all the tales that are told of R bin Hood , it is quite l o m Two as diﬂi cu t t o prove that his story is alt gether a yth . o woo o o m w l calities , Sher d F rest in N ttingha shire and a ooded di - n o m him strict in the West ridi g of Y rkshire , lay clai to as t o w l w o . ma an actual , hist ric personage Reference the p i l sho that these sections are not so far apart as t o force us t o decide

A - w upon either one to the exclusion of the other . forest d eller m t o him . had nothing hold in one place In truth , after so e particularly aggressive act on his part he might find it neces t o his or m mo sary shift abode , and a thirty forty ile re val at a m w mm was o diflicult w effec ti e hen co unication sl w and , ould ll ff t ua y cut o pursuit and capture . Legend says that Robin Hood was born in Not t inghamshire at or om m di Locksley , , as it is s eti es spelled , Loxley, and ed in f Yorkshire in the nunnery o Kirklees . As there were vast ’ forests in both districts not more than a t wo- days journey o m apart, it is quite p ssible that he haunted each by turn , oving from one to the other as necessity or preference determined . When we find references t o other places in the Robin Hood mo om o of ballads , places re te fr these regi ns , they are instances transferring a popular hero from a distant place to one more m l fa i iar t o the ballad singer or his audience . English history written in England at the time when Robin t o o m men Hood is supposed have lived , unf rtunately akes no f hi o m . w tion Nevertheless , the belief has been gro ing steadily m o for the last hundred years or ore , that the f lk tales are at

. o o least partly true The disc very that an early Sc tch historian , 1 of Fordun of w John , speaks the outla hero in no uncertain

1 A o he 1 0 b ut t year 39 .

69 70 THE ROBIN HOOD BALLADS

m m t o t ter s , did uch streng hen this belief ; so also did t he testi m of o o of ony J seph Rits n and Robert Southey , John w ob o Mathe Gut , Augustin Thierry, and ther eminent scholars

of the nineteenth century . Those who know and love the legend may feel assured of excellent company should they choose t o . believe t hat Robin Hood really headed a band of forest- dwellers and robbed the rich and helped the poor somewhere in the o n rth of England seven or eight hundred years ago . — THE IM OF BIN D . As ﬁn T E RO HOO to his exact date, we d a great difference Of opinion even among those who have the him ' I o . o vanhoe m str ngest faith in Sir Walter Sc tt, in , akes him out om of m of o o a Saxon ye an the ti e Richard C eur de Li n, and describes him as practically driven into the forest and t o his thieving mode of life by the oppression and injustice of the I hoe o m . oan o o w N r ans is , it is true, nly ﬁcti n , but Scott as of w ut o oo very careful details in his ork , and if he p R bin H d into ’ a story of King Richard s reign it was because he believed that f was w on . o o ordun on o that here he bel ged J hn F , the ther w of him of o hand, rites as being at the height his activity ab ut we we o o 1 2 6 . t o 5 If accept this later date, cann t be c ntent him m o o hi m consider erely a disp ssessed Sax n , for by t s ti e the Saxons and the Normans were beginning t o be pretty well

m . o o w inter ingled A very p ssible story, quite rec ncilable ith o him t o his English hist ry, declares have been attached in early m oo t o om o mo o o anh d s e bar n (perhaps Si n de M ntf rt , perhaps of who t o o the Earl Lancaster) tried, but failed, bring ab ut

certain reforms in the English government . On the downfall of m was o m of his fol the leader, punish ent inﬂicted up n any ow om t o of w w e l ers , but s e escaped the depths the oods and er was o o d proclaimed outlaws . Outlawry the sentence pr n unce upon any man who failed t o appear when summ oned t o court man d t o defend himself against a charge . Many a preferre outlawry and a ﬁghting chance for freedom t o an unfair trial before a judge who was almost sure t o condemn him to death m m n or t o long i prison e t . — B N D Few o RELICS OF RO I HOO . travelers can pass thr ugh THE ROBIN HOOD BALLADS 7 1

the wooded regions of Yorkshire and Not t inghamshire without ’ imagining the glades and thickets peopled with bold Robin s ” To hi rw band . t s day, visitors to She ood Forest are shown ’ mm old w an i ense oak, centuries , kno n as Robin Hood s larder ,

' and in another part of the forest a great rock called Robin ’ - di f W s o . o t o o Hood s het t ne Farther n r h , in the West ri ng Y rk ir K irkless m o n sh e , in a place now called Park , but for erly kn w l ’ ir K rkese or Birck ies . as K klees , y y even , is Robin Hood s grave ’ The ballad on Robin Hood s Death and Burial tells how the me di e but outlaw ca to there , the prose account in an old

manuscript is also full of interest . The writer of this says that :

n d st em ered w could and had n bei g y p ith age, he great pay e in his l mmes his bloude e n co u ed he o t o be eased y , b i g rr pt ; t ref re , of his n le in bloude he re a red t o t he o es of pay e by tt g , p y pri r K rkese w h som sa was his aun a woman e sk lful y y , hic e y t , v ry y in i u and u e who erce vin him t o be Ro n phys q e s rg ry ; , p y g bi Hood and wa n 1 how fel an nem he was t o el ous e sons , yi g e y r igi p r , toke reveng of him for her owne howse and all others by letting ” eed t o d h him bl eat .

The same manuscript goe s on to say that after letting him

” “ him t he bleed to death , she buried under a great stone by ” A o w Hywayes side . n ther riter says that

us wh she bur ed him e was for t he com the ca e y y th re , that mon ss n e s and t ravailers know n and see n him he pa e g r , y g y g t re

’ bur ed m h mo e s el and wit hout e ea e ak he ou ne y , ig t r af y f r t e t ir j r ys ” wa whi du s not do in t he l f of t he sa de ou l w that y, ch they r t i e y t a .

’ The grave that is now shown as Robin Hood s cannot be said “ ” H wa es o to be strictly by the y y side , but perhaps the c urse f of w o m . A the high ay has changed in the lapse ti e ﬂat stone , w w o m o . ithout an inscripti n , but arked ith a cr ss , is over it If o o the grave is genuine , and if the st ne is the riginal one , —it bears no trace of the epitaphs said to have been carved on it either of t he E nglish (some say Latin) verse telling how he robbed

1 n realizi g , perceiving . 7 2 THE ROBIN HOOD BALLADS

oo or of one < the rich to feed the p r, the that ended with t h pious hope that England might never again know such 211

Robin Hood enthusiasts ﬁnd other relics scattered over t hc

north of England . In Sherwood Forest there is a spring callec ’ w o o Robin Hood s ell , and in Y rkshire there is an ther . Th< o o o was mo f rest well is inc nspicuous, but the ther fa us in stage

for was o t o - o coach days it cl se the post r ad, and the coach be twee n York and Doncaster frequently stopped there t o let “ the passengers drink of the fair water . At Fountains Abbe) w bow t o b o o n they sho a said have been used y R bin H od , a c in the park the stream where the curtal friar gave him his fa t mous ducking . Farther o the east there is an indentation or ’ - the sea coast known as Robin Hood s Bay . Returning to Sher oo o we o ul o not om w w d F rest, find als a pec iar r ck , far fr the ell w is Chi was om here , it said, the robber eftain accust ed to sit when deciding how much toll was t o be exacted from the coflers w or w oo mo of un ary travelers, hen distributing b ty a ng hi of m en . All these places i h mshire stay in Yorkshire and Not t ng a . D— THE CHARACTER OF ROBIN HOO . The most jovial was o m o o eo of laws R bin , and the kindliest and st c urt us committing his robberies upon the fixed principle that h om who afi ord t o o take only fr those could l se, and that h f give t o the poor a share o all that he took . The m him of feared and conde ned , but in the eyes the great of the English poor of the Middle Ages he stood for an To appreciate him properly we must see him through

m him . eyes, easure by their standards o o m of us do this unc nsci usly, carried by the char the into the atmosphere and spirit of medieval England . o om ul we ﬁnd Robin H od the perfect ye an , as tr y a Arthur was the ideal knight in an was mat chle rank of society . He a greenwood . He

74 ROBIN HOOD AND LITTLE JOHN w m m 6 . Then did he shake hands ith his erry en all, ’ ’ And bid them at present good b w ye ;

Then, as near a brook his journey he took, ’ A stranger he chanc d to espy .

’

. m w 7 They happen d to eet on a long narro bridge, And neither of them would give way ; o o o ur Qu th b ld R bin Hood , and st dily stood , ‘ I’ ’ ll Show you right Nottingham play .

m hi ui w 8 . s d w With that fro q ver an arro he re , A broad arrow with a goose-wmg ’ i o The stranger repl ed , I ll liqu r thy hide, ’ ﬂers If thou o t to touch the string .

‘ o 9. Quoth bold R bin Hood , Thou dost prate like an ass, For w t o m ow ere I bend but y b , ’ oul o o I c d send a dart quite thr thy pr ud heart , ’ o me Bef re thou couldst strike one blow .

‘ ’ ’ lks 10 . t a t re l Thou like a coward , the stranger p y d; ‘ m w o bow ou Well ar ed ith a l ng y stand, To m w o Shoot at y breast, hile I, I pr test, f ’ Have nought but a sta f in my hand .

‘ m w ’ ‘ 1 1 . o o o The na e of a co ard , qu th R bin, I sc rn , ’ Wherefore my long bow I ll lay by ; And now for ff w , thy sake , a sta ill I take, ’ The truth of thy manhood to try .

’

1 2 . t e Then Robin Hood s p d to a thicket of trees , And chose him a staff of ground- oak ; Now o w this being d ne, a ay he did run To m s : the stranger, and errily poke ROBIN HOOD AND LITTLE JOHN 75

‘ L ! m ff o 1 . o 3 see y sta , it is lusty and t ugh , Now here on the bridge we will play ; o al Wh ever falls in , the other sh l win ’ ’ The battle, and so we ll away .

‘ ’ ’ m re l d 14 . With all y whole heart , the stranger p y ; I scorn in the least to give out ; ’ t w o mo di This said, they fell to ith ut re spute, ff o And their sta s they did ﬂ urish about .

1 5 . And ﬁrst Robin he gave the stranger a bang , So hard that it made hi s bones ring ; ‘ m The stranger he said , This ust be repaid, ’ o ou I ll give you as g od as y bring .

‘ I’m dl m ff 1 6 . So long as able to han e y sta , ’

To die o o . in y ur debt , friend , I sc rn ’ o follow d o Then to it each g es, and their bl ws, if of As they had been threshing corn .

1 o wn 7 . The stranger gave R bin a crack on the cro , hi t he blood t o W ch caused _ _ appear ; ’ ’ o n enra d mo en a d Then R bi , g , re ﬁercely g g , ’ foll w w And o d his blo s more severe .

di n 1 8 . SO so d o him thick and fast he lay it ,

With a passionate fury and ire , o m him t o mo At every str ke , he ade s ke, on As if he had been all ﬁre .

1 . 0 o w 9 then int fury the stranger he gre , And him oo gave a terrible l k , And w ow him low ith it a bl that laid full , ’ And t umbl d him o oo int the br k . ROBIN HOOD AND LITTLE J OHN

‘ ’ 20. o ow 0 w o now? I prithee, go d fell , here art th u

The stranger, in laughter, he cried ; fiOt h o o oo Q b ld R bin Hood, G d faith, in the flood, w And floating along ith the tide .

2 m w 1 . I needs ust ackno ledge thou art a brave soul ; ’ With thee I ll no longer contend ; For n m o ot eeds ust I say, th u hast g the day, ’ Our battle shall be at an end .

2 did 2 . o w Then unt the bank he presently ade , ’ And pull d himself out by a thorn ; on w o la Which d e, at the last , he ble a l ud b st

w his - Straight ay on ﬁne bugle horn .

2 o of w o 3 . The ech hich thr ugh the valley did ﬂy , ’ At w his o owm n a ear d hich st ut b e pp , All o mo t o cl thed in green, st gay be seen ; ’ s eer So up t o their master they t d.

‘ ’ ’ 2 w m ? m St ut el 4 . O hat s the atter quoth Willia y ; o m ou wet t o n : G od aster, y are the ski ‘ ’ o m o w ou see N atter, qu th he ; the lad hich y , ’ mbl me t u d . In ﬁghting , hath in

‘ ’ 2 not o o — o li 5 . He shall g sc t free, the thers rep ed ; o w n him S straight they ere seizi g there, To him w s o o duck like i e ; but R bin Ho d cries , ‘

is o ow o . He a st ut fell , f rbear

’ 2 no one o not 6 . There s shall wr ng thee , friend, be These bowmen upon me do wait ; ’ There s threescore and nine ; if thou wilt be

Thou shalt have my livery straight . ROBIN HOOD AND LITTLE JOHN 77

‘ 2 An m 7 . d other accouter ents ﬁt for a man ; o Speak up , j lly blade , never fear ; ’ ou o of bow I ll teach y als the use the , ’ o w To sh ot at the fat fallo deer .

‘ ’ 2 m 8 . 0 here is y hand , the stranger replied , ‘ ’ I ll serve you with all my whole heart ; My name is John Little a man of good mettle ; ’ m ’ o me . Ne er d ubt , for I ll play y part

‘ ’ ’ 2 l . m a t er d m St ut el 9 His na e shall be , quoth Willia y , ‘ And I will his godfather be ; o of Prepare then a feast , and n ne the least , ’ F r we w m o o . ill be erry , qu th he

’

0 . fet ch d 3 They presently in a brace of fat does , With humming strong liquor likewise ° ’ lov d w was oo so w 1 20 They hat g d ; , in the green ood , hi w T s pretty s eet babe they baptize .

1 . was m ou o hi 3 He , I ust tell y , but seven f ot gh , And m an in w , aybe , ell the aist ; A pretty sweet lad ; much feasting they had ; ’ o rac d Bold R bin the christening g ,

2 . t hi s owm w 3 Wi h all b en , hich stood in a ring , And were of the Nottingham breed ; St ut el om w m Brave y c es then , ith seven yeo en , And did in this manner proceed

‘ ’ . was o 33 This infant called John Little , qu th he , ‘ Which name shall be changed anon ; ’ wo w o so w The rds e ll transp se , herever he goes , ’ ’ m cal His na e shall be l d Little John . 78 ROBIN HOOD AND THE GOLDE N ARROW

. oo w e 34 Then Robin he t k the pretty s eet bab , ’ And clot h d him from t op t o the t oe m of m t o n In gar ents green , ost gay be see , An him b d gave a curious long ow .

‘ o an 3 5 . Th u shalt be archer as well as the best, And range in the greenwood with us ; ’ w not w o d nor o Where e ll ant g l silver, beh ld, i Wh le bishops have ought in their purse .

‘ f 6 . ui or o o ow 3 We live here like sq res , l rds ren n , Without ere a foo t of free land ; on oo w w n We feast g d cheer , ith i e , ale and beer, ’ ’ And ev ryt hing at our command .

di 3 7 . Then music and dancing d ﬁnish the day ; At w n sun w low length , he the axed , w o o did Then all the h le train the gr ve refrain , nd n o did A u t their caves they go .

’ And so o liv d 8 . 3 ever after, as l ng as he , A o was o e and lth ugh he pr p r tall , t o Yet nevertheless , the truth express, did him ll Still Little John they ca .

ROBIN HOOD AND THE GOLDEN ARROW

s he f 1 . When a the s riﬁ o Nottingham om w m Was c e , ith ickle grief, ’ no oo of o He talk d g d R bin Hood ,

T hat strong and sturdy thief . Fal lal dal de

- 2 . SO o o on o unt L nd r ad he past, His losses t o unfold To n who did Ki g Richard , regard

The tale that he had told . ROBIN HOOD AND THE GOLDE N ARROW 79 ‘ ’ ‘ w ? 3 . Why , quoth the king , hat shall I do Art thou not sheriff forme ? law o The is in force, g take thy course

Of them that injure thee .

‘ f 4 . Go get thee gone, and by thysel Devise some tricking game For to ent hral yon rebels all ; w ’ GO take thy course ith them .

’ ff ret urn d 5 . So away the sheri he , And by the way he thought wo of how Of the rds the king , and

To pass might well be brought .

’ w hi s ima in d 6 . For ithin mind he g w m w That hen such atches ere, o w o w o Those utla s st ut , ith ut all doubt,

Would be the bowmen there .

w w 7 . So an arro ith a golden head And whi shaft of silver te, Who won the day should bear away

For his own proper right .

i 8 . s m t o Tid ng ca e brave Robin Hood , Under the greenwood tree : m ou m m Co e prepare y then , y errymen , ’ ’ We ll go yon sport t o see .

’ st e d man 9. With that p forth a brave young , David of D oncaster : ‘ ’ ‘ ’ rul d me Master , said he , be by , ’ o t he o w not Fr m greenwo d e ll stir. 80 ROBIN HOOD AND THE GOLDE N ARROW

‘ I’ f ’ 1 0 . TO m w in orm tell the truth, ell d Yon match is a wile ;

f I- w hi The sheri f , iss , devises t s ’ Us archers t o beguile .

‘ ’ m f ow 1 1 . o o O thou s ells a c ard , said R bin Hood , ‘ Thy words does not please me ; ’ ’ om on t w w m C e hat ill , I ll try y skill ’ At yon brave archery .

2 o l 1 . 0 then besp ke brave Litt e John ‘ om n C e, let us thither ga g ; om t o me how C e listen , it shall be t That we need no be kend .

‘ f 1 . m o o e 3 Our antles , all Linc ln gre n , Behind us we will leave ; ’ We ll dress us all so several n t They shall o us perceive .

‘ w w r I . o ed 4 One shall ear hite, an ther , ow o One yell , an ther blue ; t o c Thus in disguise, the exer ise ’ ’ ’

w . We ll gang, hate er ensue

w I . om oo o 5 Forth fr the green d they are g ne, s ﬁrm and o With heart all st ut , ’ Resolving then with the sheriff s men

To have a hearty bout .

m 1 6 . So m d the selves they ixe with the rest, To prevent all suspicion ; For if they should together hold

They thought it no discretion .

8 2 ROBIN HOOD AND THE GOLDE N ARROW

2 w 4 . These outla s there, that very day , of o To shun all kind d ubt, o no no mo By three or f ur , less re, As w m they ent in ca e out .

’ 2 assembl d w 5 . Until they all ere w Under the green ood shade , o n o Where they rep rt, in pleasa t sp rt , a m e Wh t brave pasti e th y made .

‘ All m 26 . o Says R bin Hood , y care is, How that yon sheriff may ow n was Kn certai ly , that it I w w ’ That bore his arro a ay .

‘ 2 o o 7 . Says Little J hn , My c unsel good Did take effect before o now ou ow So theref re , if y ll all , ’ I will advise once m ore .

’

2 8 . on o n oo Speak , speak on , said R bi H d , ‘ ’ Thy wit s both quick and sound ; I know no man am ongst us can ’ For wit like thee be found .

‘ 2 o n 9 . This I said Little J h , ‘ ’ That a letter shall be pen d , w on t o o n m And hen it is d e, N tti gha ’ You t o the sheriff shall send .

‘ ’ ’ w dvis d o n oo 0 . a 3 That is ell , said R bi H d, ‘ ’ But how must it be sent? ‘ ’ ! w ou on w t Pugh hen y please , it s d e i h ease,

ou on . Master, be y c tent ROBIN HOOD AND THE CURTAL FRIAR

‘ ’ ’

1 . m w 3 I ll stick it on y arro s head, And shoot it into the town ; m m o The ark shall show where it ust g , ’ When ever it lights down .

’ 2 was erform d 3 . The project it full p ; The sheriff that letter had ; ’ w scrat ch d his Which hen he read , he head, ’ ’ And rav d like one that s mad.

ROBIN HOOD AND THE CURTAL FRIAR

m w ow e 1 . umm In s er ti e , hen leaves gr gre n, o And ﬂ wers are fresh and gay, Robin Hood and his merrymen ’ Were dispos d to play .

2 . m om wo run Then so e would leap , and s e uld , And some would use artillery : hi bow a W ch of you can a good dr w, A good archer to be?

‘ ? 3 . Which of you can kill a buck Or who can kill a doe? who Or can kill a hart of grece, Five hundred fee t him

’

. dl kill d 4 Will Sca ock he a buck, kill’ d And Midge he a doe , ’ And kill - e Little John d a hart of grec , ’ Five hundred feet him fro .

’ ’ 5 . God s blessing on thy heart , said Robin Hood , ‘ That hath shot such a shot for me ; wo l m m I u d ride y horse an hundred iles , ’ TO ﬁnd one could match with thee . 84 ROBIN HOOD AND THE CURTAL FRIAR

6 . o t o That caused Will Scadl ck laugh, ’ He laugh d full heartily ' ‘ There lives a curtal friar in Fountains Abbey hi Will beat bo th m and thee .

‘ o 7 . That curtal friar in F untains Abbey Well can a strong bow draw ; w ou o r e m He ill beat y and y u y o en, ’ n r w Set them all o a o .

m 8 . o Robin Hood took a sole n ath, was It by Mary free , That he would neither eat nor drink

o his o 9 . R bin Hood put on harness go d , And on hi s of head a cap steel , wo Broads rd and buckler by his side, hi w And they became m eel .

his bow o hi s 10 . He took int hand , was m of It ade a trusty tree , s of ows hi s With a heaf arr at belt,

To t he Fountains Dale went he .

1 . c o s 1 And oming unt Fountain Dale, No furt her would he ride ; was w There he a are of a curtal friar,

Walking by the waterside .

2 . on 1 The friar had a harness good , And on his of e head a cap st el , w his s Broads ord and buckler by ide,

And they became him weel . ROBIN HOOD AND THE CURTAL FRIAR 85

1 ofI 3 . Robin Hood lighted his horse, And tied him t o a thorn : me o w o r a r Carry ver the ater, th u cu t l f iar, if ’ ’ Or else thy l e s forlorn .

1 r his 4 . The fria took Robin Hood on back , w Deep ater he did bestride , w And spake neither good ord nor bad ,

Till he came at the other side .

’ ’ lea d R i o 1 5 . Lightly p ob n H od off t he friar s back ; t o him The friar said again , me o hi w w Carry ver t s ater, ﬁne fello , ’ e i Or it shall bre d thy pa n .

’ 1 6 on s k . Robin Hood took the friar bac , w did Deep ater he bestride, wo And spake neither good rd nor bad, m t o Till he ca e the other side .

’ ’ lea d f off 6 1 1 7 . Lightly p the riar Robin Hood s back ; 5 o t o him R bin Hood said , again , me w l Carry over the ater, thou curta friar, ’ Or it shall breed thy pain .

’ 1 8 . The friar took Robin Hood on s back again , ’ And st ep d up to the knee ; m m of m Till he ca e at the iddle the strea , k Neither good nor bad spa e he .

m 1 . om m 9 And c ing to the iddle strea , There he threw Robin in : ‘ And oo ﬁne w ch se thee , choose thee , fello , ’ n or m Whether thou wilt si k swi . 86 ROBIN HOOD AND THE CURTAL FRIAR

2 w m f 0 . o oo t o o oom R bin H d s a a bush br , The friar t o a wicker wand ; o o oo is t o o B ld R bin H d gone sh re,

And took his bow in hand .

i i 2 1 . One of h s best arrows under h s belt To the friar he let ﬂy ; w his The curtal friar, ith steel buckler,

He put that arrow by .

oo o l w Sh t on , shoot on , th u ﬁne fe lo , Shoot on as thou hast begun ; ’ o mm If th u shoot here a su er s day, ’ Thy mark I will not shun .

2 o o w 3 . R bin Hood sh t passing ell , Till his arrows were all gone ; o wo and They t ok their s rds steel bucklers , n w A d fought ith might and main .

’ ’ 2 om 0 t h o 4 . Fr ten cl ck that day ’ ’ l o t h oon Ti l f ur i aftern , o oo m t o n Then R bin H d ca e his k ees ,

Of the friar t o beg a boon .

‘ 2 A n oo o 5 . boo , a b n , th u curtal friar, I beg it on my knee ; me t o set m o t o m mo Give leave y h rn y uth , ’ And to blow blasts three .

‘ w ’ 26 . do That ill I , said the curtal friar, ‘ Of thy blasts I have no doubt ; ’ I hope thou lt blow so passing well ’ o s o t Till b th thy eye fall u . ROBIN HOOD AND THE CURTAL FRIAR 8 7

2 o t o m 7 . Robin Hood set his h rn his outh , He blew but blasts three ; m w ow Half a hundred yeo en , ith b s bent,

Came raking over the lee .

‘ ’ 2 men 8 . o Wh se are these , said the friar , ‘ ’ That come so hastily? ’ men m These are ine , said Robin Hood ; ‘ ’ w t o t ? Friar, hat is that hee

‘ A ’ 2 . 9 boon , a boon , said the curtal friar, ‘ The like I gave t o thee ; me set m st t o m m Give leave to y ﬁ y outh, ’ And t o whute whut es three .

‘ ’

0 . w 3 That ill I do , said Robin Hood , ‘ Or else I were to blM e ; ’ Three whut es on a friar s ﬁst ’ m m e n Would ake glad and fai .

t m 1 . ﬁst o o 3 The friar he set his his uth , And whut ed whut es three ; Half a hundred good bandogs

Came running the friar unto .

‘ ’ 2 f r man f d . o o o 3 Here s every thine a g, ’ And I myself for thee . ‘ ’ m ot o Nay , by y faith , qu h R bin Hood , ‘ ’

ha ma not be . Friar, t t y

Two t o o o 33 . dogs at once R bin Ho d did go ,

one o . o The behind , the ther bef re ; ’ Robin Hood s mantle of Lincoln green ff hi O from s back they tore . 88 ROBIN HOOD AND THE CURTAL FRIAR

w hi s men . o or w 34 And hether sh t east est ,

“ o o or o Or they sh t n rth s uth , o so w The curtal d gs , taught they ere , w m They kept their arro s in their outh .

‘ ’

. o 35 Take up thy dogs , said Little J hn, ‘ i ’ m d . Friar, at y bid ng be ‘ ’ man o Whose art th u , said the curtal friar, ’ Comes here to prate t o me ?

‘ ’ 6 am oo man 3 . I Little John , Robin H d s , w not lie Friar, I ill ; o o oon If th u take not up thy d gs s , ’ ’ n I ll take up them a d thee .

o bow hi s n 3 7 . Little J hn had a in ha d, He shot with might and main ; ’ Soon half a score of the friar s dogs

Lay dead upon the plain .

‘ w ’ 8 . o o a 3 H ld thy hand , good fell , said the curtal fri r ‘ Thy master and I will agree ; we w new o n And ill have rders take , ’ Wit h all the haste that may be .

‘ w o 39 . If thou ilt forsake fair F untains Dale, And o i A F unta ns bbey free , o o Every Sunday thr ugh ut the year,

A noble shall be thy fee .

‘

0 . An r o o 4 d eve y holy day thr ugh ut the year, m Changed shall thy gar ent be , o w o t o o m If th u ilt g fair N ttingha , ’ And w me there remain ith .

90 ROBIN HOOD AND ALLIN A DALE ff ’ . o off o man 7 Stand , stand , the y ung said , ‘ ’ What is your will with me ? ‘ You must come before our master straight ’ oo Under yon greenw d tree .

A w 8 . nd m o o hen he ca e b ld R bin before, ’ Robin ask d him courteously ‘ O hast thou any money t o spare ’ For my merrymen and me?

‘ m ’ m . no o o an 9 I have ney , the y ung said, ‘ But ﬁve shillings and a ring ; And e on that I have kept this sev n l g years , T m o have it at y wedding .

‘ 10 o marrl ed m . Yesterday I sh uld have a aid, ’ she is now om m e But fr ta en, ’ And o t o old n ch sen be an k ight s delight, ’ Whereby my poor heart is slain .

‘ i m ? ’ 1 1 . s o What thy na e then said R bin Hood, Come tell m e without any fail : ‘ ’ Of m o o ma By the faith y b dy , then said the y ung ’ My name it is Allin a Dale .

‘ ’ w me o o 1 2 . What ilt thou give , said R bin H od , ‘ o or In ready g ld fee, T t o o o help thee thy truel ve again , ’ And deliver her unto thee?

‘ ’ m o t he oun man 1 . no o 3 I have ney , then qu th y g , ‘ No o nor ready g ld fee , But I will swear upon a book ’ Thy true servant for to be . ROBIN HOOD AND ALLIN A DALE

‘ 1 How m m t o o ? 4 . any iles is it thy truel ve Come tell me wi t hout any guile ‘ ’ of m man By the faith y body , then said the young , ‘ m ’ It is but ﬁve little ile .

. o o I 5 Then R bin he hasted ver the plain , did nor He neither stint lin , Until he came unto the church A oul w di Where llin sh d keep his ed ng .

‘ ’

1 6 . Wh o o do ? o at d st th u here the bish p he said , ‘ I prithee now tell t o m e ’ am o r o o n oo I a b ld ha per, qu th R bi H d , ‘ ’ And the best in the north countree .

‘ ’ 1 w m . m 0 w 7 O elco e , elco e , the bishop he said , ‘ That music best pleaseth me ; ‘ ’ You no m o o oo shall have usic , qu th R bin H d , ‘ ’ r m see Till the bride and the b idegroo I .

8 1 . m w With that ca e in a ealthy knight , hi was e old W ch both grav and , And him ﬁnikin after a lass ,

Did shine like glistering gold .

‘ ’

1 . no m o o o oo 9 This is ﬁt atch , qu th b ld R bin H d , ‘ That you do seem t o make here ; For we om o since are c e unt the church , ’ own The bride she shall choose her dear .

20 . obi oo o t o mo Then R n H d put his h rn his uth , And blew blasts t wo or three ; When four and twenty bowmen bold m Ca e leaping over the lee . ‘ 92 ROBIN HOOD AND ALLIN A DALE

2 And w m 1 . o hen they ca e int the churchyard, on row Marching all a , m an was A The ﬁrst llin a Dale, To o o his b w give b ld R bin o .

‘ ’

2 2 . o o This is thy truel ve , R bin he said , ‘ o A n r Y ung lli , as I hea say ; ou be m m m And y shall arried , at this sa e ti e , ’ we w Before depart a ay .

‘ ’ 2 t . no o 3 That shall be , the bish p he said , ‘ For thy word shall not stand ; ’ t m ask d They shall be hree ti es in the church , ’ r As the law is of ou land .

’ ’ 2 n ll d off . oo u o o 4 Robi H d p the bish p s c at , And put it upon Little John ; ‘ ’ of m od o By the faith y b y , then R bin said, ‘ ’ hi m m n T s cloth doth ake thee a a .

2 o w o 5 . When Little J hn ent int the quire , The people began for t o laugh ; ’ ask d m n m He the seve ti es in the church, n Lest three times should ot be enough .

‘ ’ 2 ho me m ? o n 6 . W gives this aid then said Little J h ; ‘ o o do Qu th R bin , That I , And he that doth take her from Allin a Dale ’ Full dearly he shall her buy .

2 And m w di 7 . thus having ended this erry ed ng , ’ look d The bride as fresh as a queen , ’ And so ret urn t o m w they d the erry green ood, Am so ongst the leaves green . ROBIN HOOD ’S DE ATH AND B URIAL

ROBIN HOOD ’ S DEATH ’ AND BURIAL

When Robin Hood and Little John

’ m Went o er yon bank of broo , o o n Said R bin Hood bold to Little J h , ‘ m We have shot for any a po und . Hey down a down a down a down

‘

2 . am one o m But I not able to shoot sh t ore, My broad arrows will not ﬂee ; But o o ow I have a c usin lives d wn bel , ’ w me Please God, she ill bleed .

is rkl . ow K i 3 N Robin he to fair y gone, As fast as he can win ; m as do But before he ca e there, we hear,

w m K irkl - . l 4 And hen he ca e to fair y hal ,

He knocked all at the ring, But none was so ready as hi s cousin herself

For to let bold Robin in .

‘ ’ ll s sit . o 5 Wi you plea e to down , c usin Robin , ‘ ’ And drink some beer with me ? ‘ NO wil t nor , I l nei her eat drink ,

‘ ’ 6 . e a m u i she Well , I hav roo , co sin Rob n , said, see Which you did never , t And if you please to walk herein , ’ me You blooded by shall be .

him - whi ha She took by the lily te nd , him t o oom And led a private r , And t o o here she blooded b ld R bin Hood , ul While one drop of blood wo d run down. ROBIN HOOD ’S DE ATH AND B URIAL

8 him . oo arm She bl ded in a vein of the , ’ And lock d him up in the room ; did d o ( Then he blee all the livel ng lay,

Unt il the next day at noon .

him f . o o m 9 He then beth ught a case ent there,

was w o not But he so eak he c uld leap , him He could not get down .

him f his 10 . o o o He then beth ught bugle h rn,

set his o o hi s mo He h rn unt uth , And blew out weak blasts three .

1 1 o w him . Then Little J hn , hen hearing , As sat e he under a tre , ‘ m ma now n I fear y ster is ear dead,

1 2 o t o K irkl is o . Then Little J hn fair y g ne, As fast as he can dree ; w m t o K irkl - But hen he ca e y hall, He broke locks t wo or three :

c m o see 13 . Until he a e bold R bin to Then he fell on his knee ; ‘ ’ ohn A boon, a boon , cries Little J , ’

of . Master, I beg thee

‘ ’

1 . o 4 What is that boon , said R bin Hood, ‘ ’ o o of me ? Little J hn, th u begs ‘ is t o K irkl - ll It burn fair y ha , ’ And all their nunnery . ROBIN HOOD ’S DE ATH AND B URIAL

‘ ’ w n now 1 . o a o 5 N y , nay , quoth Robin Ho d , ‘ ’ That boo n I ll not grant thee ; w m m I never hurt o an in all y life, ’ Nor men in woman s company .

‘ m m m I never hurt fair aid in all y ti e , Nor at mine end shall it be ; m e m bow m But give y bent in y hand , ’ And a broad arrow I ll let ﬂee And w w here this arro is taken up , m There let y grave digged be .

me m Lay a green sod under y head , And another at my feet ; And m bow m lay y bent by y side, Which was my music sweet ; And m m of ake y grave gravel and green , i Wh ch is most right and meet .

‘

1 8 . o Let have length and breadth en ugh , With a green sod under my head ; t m a w am That hey y say , hen I dead , ’ Here lies bold Robin Hood .

1 . o him 9 These w rds they readily granted , Which did bold Robin please o o And there they buried b ld Robin H od , irkle s Within the fair K y . THE BORDER BALLADS

B D —A BORDER F U s. nother favorite theme of the ballad singers was the story of the long centuries of st ruggle between t he E ng on w lish and the Scotch . The fr tier bet een the t wo countries was the scene of more than a score of recorded battles and of o m m S I unc unted petty skir ishes , and fro these there prang a ser es of m ballads, partly historical , partly i aginative, but wholly

sturdy and valiant . The b oundary line betwee n the t wo countries was shifted — im and o Berw1ckshi r several t es , the disputed territ ry parts of e — , ort humberland o m now N , R xburgh and Cu berland subject t o ul of o and now t o of m the r e the Sc tch that the English, beca e at last an almost lawless district s Even in the intervals when was w l war w t wo o there no out ardly dec ared bet een the nati ns , n ﬁghting did not cease e tirely on the B order . The great barons on n o r m t o either side had personal i juries, real i aginary, be o n o avenged , and the Sc ts raided the E glish territ ry and the F r English made incursions upon the Scotch . o three hun dred r years the st uggle lasted , blazing up ﬁercely w s n dying down almost t o extinction . It a o the t wo kingdoms under James Stuart ( 1 603) vestiges of the trouble were crushed and order was

d . establishe — THE LAW OF THE BORDER Yet it must not be imagined the kings of the t wo countries made no efforts t o curb their n w subjects and t o check the invasions . E glish la s o o w t o o o regulate the English B rder, Sc tch la s c ntr l n o was m ofI Scottish Chieftai s . The B rder arked 1 and w n or Middle and West Marches , arde s , keepers , t o on either side t o enforce the laws and keep order . But

1 d r h Pronounce ma s es. 96

98 K INMONT WILLIE

He could call upon them for aid and they were bound t o obey his was no and call , but in actual fact he often richer than they, the plunder brought home from a sally was as welcome at the m o ne . o for peel as in the hu blest c ttage No tilled the land, a ’ field of ripened grain was only an invitation t o the enemy s o m m of w torch . Cattle f r ed the chief ite ealth, and cattle , as i n w ma . y read ly be see , ere an easy prey Bodily strength, his ’ ’ own clansmen s was m un and his , a March an s sole reliance ; w was of hi s ceasing atchfulness the price security . — BALLADS OF THE BORDER The B order ballads reflect the of m o o w life and ideals a ti e and a pe ple l ng passed a ay, but they rank among the finest specimens of ballad literature in the w not w o m language . They ere ritten ab ut these hardy clans en m firm of but by the , and every ballad breathes the belief the m The Battle o t t erb rn . O u o Border people in the selves f , Pr fessor us has mo i m Child tells , been dern zed fro a ballad current as 1 00 The Hantis o Chevet o Chev Chase early as 4 , and f , p pularly y , ” f 1 m was called a song o antiquity in 549 . The historian ay quarrel with Chevy Chase because one or t wo details are inac om n o n of curate, but fr a literary sta dp i t it is typical all that “ ld o t o o A o is . o best in a ballad This s ng , qu te ddison, cann t fail to please all such readers as are not unqualified for the eu ” r t ert ainment by their affectation o ignorance .

KINMONT WILLIE

’ 0 na 0 Sakelde ? I . have ye heard the fause ’ O have ye na heard 0 the keen Lord Scroop? ’ K inmont l How they hae ta en bauld Wil ie, On Haribee t o hang him up?

2 w men . Had Willie had but t enty , w men as o as But t enty st ut he, ’ k n K inm ont Fause Sa elde had ever the ta en , ’ Wi eight score men in his companie . K INMONT WILLIE 99

3 . They bound his legs beneath his steed , They tied his hands behind his back ; him ﬁvesome on They guarded , each side ;

him Lid el- And they brought over the d rack .

him t Liddel- 4 . They led hrough the rack , And also through the Carlisle sands ; o him t o They br ught Carlisle castle, m ’ mm To be at y Lord Scroop s co ands .

‘ m o 5 . My hands are tied , but y t ngue is free , And wha will dare this deed avow? Or answer by the B order law? Or answer to the bauld Buccleuch?

w 6 . No ! haud thy tongue , thou rank reiver ’ There s never a Sco t shall set ye free ;

o m s - Bef re ye cross y ca tle gate, ’ ’ w w e I tro ye shall take fare ell 0 m .

‘ ’ ’ m uo li 7 . Fear na ye that, y lord , q Wil e ; ‘ ’ ’ 0 m o oo By the faith y b dy, Lord Scr p , he said , ‘ ’ I never yet lodg d in a host elrie m w ’ But I paid y la ing before I gaed .

w w 8 . No ord is gane to the bauld Keeper, k m ’ w In Bran so e Ha here that he lay , ’ o has K inmont That Lord Scro p ta en the Willie , r of ni Between the hou s ght and day .

’ ’ wi s . hi 9 He has ta en the table hand , He gard the red wine spring on hie ; ‘ ’ ’ ow on m N Christ s curse y head , he said , ‘ ’ But avenged of Lord Scroop I ll be ! IOO K INMONT WILLIE

‘ ’ 10 m w w ? . O is y basnet a ido s curch

m w Of w ow- Or y lance a and the ill tree , ’ m arm Or y a lady s lily hand, That an English lord should lightly me?

‘ ’ nhim K inm nt 1 1 . o And have they ta e , Willie, A of o gainst the truce B rder tide, And forgotten that the bauld Buccleuch Is keeper here on the Scottish side?

‘ ’ ’ 2 And him in 1 . K mont have they e en ta en , o n or With ute either dread fear, And forgotten that the bauld Buccleuch or ? Can back a steed, shake a spear

‘ w w r w . 0 a I 3 ere there bet een the lands, As w wot is o ell I that there n ne, wo I uld slight Carlisle castle high , ’ h w of m T o it ere builded arble stone .

‘ w set l w I . o 4 I ould that castle in a , And sloken it with English blood ; ’ There s never a man in Cumberland w l Should ken here Car isle castle stood .

‘ w ’ w 1 . 5 But since nae ar s bet een the lands, o And there is peace , and peace sh uld be, ’ m or I ll neither har English lad lass, ’ And yet the K inmont freed shall be !

’ l m o m m 1 6 . ca l d hi He has f rty arch en bauld, ow w of his ain m I tr they ere na e, ’ o call d Except Sir Gilbert Elli t, of o m m The Laird St bs, I ean the sa e .

102 K INMONT WILLIE

‘ ’ 2 he n me . o n? 4 Where ye gau , ye br ken ’ ‘ ’ Quo fause Sakelde ; come tell t o m e ! ow of D r ho e N Dickie y p led that band, ’ And w the never a ord 0 lear had he .

‘ 2 5 . Why trespass ye on the English side? ’ ’ Raw—oo ou w n ! uo f ted tla s , sta d q he ; ’ wo t o sa The ne er a rd had Dickie y , r o Sae he th ust the lance thr his fause bodie .

2 n we for wn 6 . o o Then held Carlisle t , — And at St aneshaw bank the Eden we crossed ; w was mi of The ater great, and ckle spait, nor m n we But the never a horse a lost .

2 And w we St aneshaw - n 7 . hen reached the ba k , The wind was rising loud and hie ; And our there the laird gard leave steeds , F r o m n o fear that they sh uld sta p and eigh .

2 8 And w we St aneshaw- n . hen left the ba k , The Wind began full loud t o blaw ; ’ w w n and w and and s But t as i d eet, ﬁre leet , ’ - w When we came beneath the cast le a .

2 on and our 9 . We crept knees, held breath, ’ ’ Till we plac d the ladders against the wa ; ’ And sae ready was Buccleuch himsel ’ To mount the ﬁrst before us a .

’ h s w m o 0 . a 3 He ta en the atch an by the thr at, He ﬂung him down upo n the lead : ‘ n t we our Had there o been peace bet en lands ,

Upon the other side thou hast gaed . K INMONT WILLIE 103

‘ ’ 1 Now o m s ! uo 3 . s und out , tru pet q Buccleuch ; ‘ ’ Let s waken Lord Scroop right merrilie ! ’ Then loud the Warden s trumpets blew ‘ ’ ’ O wha dare meddle wi me?

2 s eedilie we 3 . Then p to wark gaed , ’ ’ And rais d the slogan ane and a , ’ of And cut a hole thro a sheet lead , ’ - h And so we wan to the castle a .

’ i m men 33 . They thought K ng Ja es and a his ’ Had won the house wi bow and spear ; It was but twenty Sco ts and ten That put a thousand in sic a stear !

’ ’ i l wi f reh mm ers . W o a 34 cou ters and , merrilie We gard the bars bang , we m o Until ca e to the inner pris n , ’ K inmont did Where Willie O he lie .

’ w cam w 35 . And hen we to the lo er prison , ’ ll o K inmont did Where Wi ie he lie, ‘ w K inm ont O sleep ye, ake ye , Willie, “ ’ ’ Upon the morn that thou s to die?

‘

6 . w 3 O I sleep saft, and I ake aft, ’ It s lang since sleeping was ﬂeyd frae me ; ’ m m w Gi e y service back to y ife and bairns, ’ ’ me And a gude fellows that speir for .

. w him 3 7 Then Red Ro an has hent up , The starkest man in Teviot dale : ‘ A now ow bide, abide , Red R an , of m a w Till y Lord Scroop I t ke fare ell . 104 K INMONT WILLIE ‘ m 8 . w w o oo ! 3 Fare ell , fare ell , y gude L rd Scr p w ! ’ My gude Lord Scroop , fare ell he cried ; ‘ ’ I ll pay you for my lodging- maill ’ we m on o - When ﬁrst eet the B rder side .

w o 39. Then shoulder high, ith sh ut and cry , We bore him down the ladder lang ; w m At every stride Red Ro an ade , ’ ’ wot K inm ont s la I the irons p y d clang .

‘ ’ ’ 0 m m uo K inmont 4 . O ony a ti e, q Willie, I have ridden horse baith wild and wood ; But a rougher beast than Red Rowan w m ’ I een y legs have ne er bestrode .

‘ ’ ’ An m n l 1 . d o m K inmo t 4 ny a ti e , quo Wi lie, ‘ ’ ’ I ve pricked a horse out o er the furs ; ’ But since the day I back d a steed ’ I never wore sic cumbrous spurs .

w n t anesh w- k 2 . o S a 4 We scarce had the ban , ’ w When a the Carlisle bells ere rung , And o m en o oo a th usand , in h rse and f t, ’ ’ Cam wi the keen Lord Scroop along .

t o 43 . Buccleuch has turned Eden Water, ’ w ﬂow d n t o m Even here it frae ba k bri , ’ ’ ’ n lun d in wi n A d he has p g a his ba d , m ’ And safely swam the thro the stream .

’ t urn d him o 44 . He on the ther side, And at Lord Scroop his glove ﬂung he ‘ m v in m n If ye like na y isit erry Engla d, ’ In fair Scotland come visit me !

’ 106 JOHNNY ARMS TRONG S LAST GOOD—NIGHT

‘ i we m o o 6 . But see ng ust g bef re the king, Lord ! we will go most valiantly ; You o shall every one have a velvet c at, w w o Laid do n ith g lden laces three .

‘ And ou one a s . o 7 y shall every h ve a carlet cl ak, ow w Laid d n ith silver laces ﬁve, o o o n With y ur g lden belts about y ur ecks , ’ With hats and brave feathers all alike .

m uilt kn k 8 . w o G oc But hen he went fr Hall , w w u o The ind it ble hard, and f ll s re it did rain ‘ ow ou w Guilt knock l ! N fare y ell , brave Hal ’ I fear I shall never see thee again .

w t E dinbor u h . No o o o o 9 J hn he is g g ne, And his o men so n eightsc re galla tly ,

And one of m on mi - w every the a lk hite steed , 3 5 wo n ow With their bucklers and s rds ha gingd n t o the knee .

1 0 w o n m n o . But hen J h he ca e the ki g bef re , o m en so n t o With his eightsc re galla t see, ’ mo his o t o him The king he v d b nnet , b W He thought he had een a king as ell as he .

‘ m n 1 1 . o o O pard n , pard n, y sovereig liege, Pardon for my eightscore m en and m e ! For my name it is John Armstrong

And of o m . a subject y urs, y liege, said he

‘ 2 w w o ! 1 . A o ay ith thee , th u false trait r O on w t o N pard I ill grant thee , But t o- morrow before eight of the clock ’ w s o men and I ill hang thy eight c re thee . ’ JOHNNY ARMS TRONG S LAS T GOOD- NIGHT 10 7

’ how look d hi s o ! 13 . 0 John over left sh ulder And to hi s merrymen thus said he : ‘ I have asked grace of a graceless face, ’ me NO pardon here is for you nor .

’ 1 o ull d - w 4 . Then J hn p out a nut bro n sword , And it was made of metal so free ; no t mo oo Had the king ved his f t as he did, his John had taken head from his body .

‘ 1 om o ow me m m m 5 . C e , f ll , y erry en all , We will scorn one foo t away t o ﬂy ; It never shall be said we were hung like dogs ; w ’ ’ out m m f . No , e ll ﬁght it ost an ully

1 m 6 . Then they fought on like cha pions bold For w o their hearts ere sturdy , st ut , and free ’ Till they had killed all the king s good guard ;

There was none left alive but only three .

1 E dinborou h 7 . But then rose up all g , They rose up by thousands three ;

ow dl - o m o n hi Then a c ar y Sc t ca e J h be nd, And him run thorough the fair body .

‘ 1 8 n m m . o m Said John , Fight , y erry en all , am am I a little hurt, but I not slain ; w me ow for t o w i I ill lay d n bleed a h le , ’ w ’ Then I ll rise and ﬁght ith you again .

1 . o m m 9 Then they f ught on like ad en all , Till many a man lay dead on t he plain ; ’ For w resolv d o woul they ere , bef re they d yield , 75 man w ul That every o d there be slain . 108 BE WICK AND GRAHAME

20 . o So there they fought courage usly, m m Till ost of the lay dead there and slain ,

s t was o - But little Mu grave , hat his fo t page , i ’ h s w unt a en With bonny grissel got a ay .

2 w m - Guil ck 1 . t kno But hen he ca e up to Hall , The lady spied him presently : ‘ w w w oo - What ne s, hat ne s, thou little f t page? ’ What news from thy master and his company?

‘ ’

2 2 . w My ne s is bad, lady, he said, ‘ hi ou ma see W ch I do bring , as y y ; m ohn A m o My aster, J r str ng , he is slain , ’ And all hi s gallant company .

‘ 2 w m m m . o o o rl sel 3 Yet thou art elc e h e, y b nny g s ! ul o o n and F l oft th u hast fed at the c r hay , now w and w But thou shalt be fed ith bread ine , ’ And no m o sa . thy sides shall be spurred re, I y

hi s 2 . 0 o son 4 then besp ke little , ’ As he was set on his nurse s knee ‘ t o m an If ever I live for be a , ’ ’ My fat her s blood revenged shall be .

BEWICK AND GRAHAME

m is t o o 1 . Old Graha e he Carlisle g ne, Where Sir Robert Bewick there met he ; m t o w o In ar s the ine they are g ne, o m And drank till they were b th erry .

2 m oo . Old Graha e he t k up the cup , ‘ ’ And s o w t o aid , Br ther Be ick , here s thee ; ’ And here s to our t wo sons at home in For they live best our country .

I IO BE WICK AND GRAHAME

1 0 . own o There did he espy his three s ns, o m o mo w s Y ung Christy Graha e , the f re st a he ‘ Where have you been all day , father, ’ That no counsel you would take by me?

‘ 1 w 1 . o Nay , I have been in Carlisle t n , Where Sir Robert Bewick there met m e ; ’ o was call d He said th u bad , and thee a lad, fﬂ m And a ba ed an by thou I be .

‘ ’ 2 w s ll d 1 . o a ca He said th u bad, and thee a lad, And bully t o his son cannot be ; For son w can o w and his Be ick b th rite read, m And sure I a that cannot thee .

‘ t o oo o wo not I 3 . I put thee sch l , but th u uld learn , o oo s o wo not I b ught thee b k , but th u uld read ; 5 0 ’ But my blessing thou s never have ’ w w o Till I see ith Be ick th u can save thy head .

‘ o m Oh , pray f rbear , y father dear ; That ever such a thing should be ! Shall I venture my body in ﬁeld t o ﬁght ’ ’ With a man that s faith and troth t o me ?

‘ ’ ’ imm ? 1 . o o oo 5 What s that th u say st , th u l er l n Or how dare thou stand t o speak t o me ? o do not oo If th u end this quarrel s n , i — ’ Here s my glove thou shalt ﬁght me .

l w o o 1 6 . oo o Christy st ped unt the gr und , ’ o o n n Unto the gr und , as y u ll u dersta d ‘ on o o n O father , put y ur gl ve agai , ’ The Wind hath blown it from your hand . BE WICK AND GRAHAME I I I ‘ ’ ’ mm ? 1 . a o 7 What s that thou s y st , th u li er loon Or how dare thou stand to speak to me ? do not If thou end this quarrel soon , — ’ Here is my hand thou shalt ﬁght me .

m m 1 8 . Christy Graha e is to his cha ber gone, t o w m And for study , as ell ight be , t o w hi s Whether ﬁght ith father dear,

Or with his bully Bewick he .

‘ m m l t o 1 . o u 9 If it be y f rtune y b ly kill , As un you shall boldly derstand , ow In every t n that I ride through , ’ “ ” man ! They ll say , There rides a brotherless

‘ m 20 . Nay , for to kill y bully dear , I thi nk it will be a deadly sin ; And for t o m kill y father dear , ’ s f The ble sing o heaven I ne er shall win .

‘ ’ 2 1 m e . O give your blessing , father, he said , ‘ And pray well for me t o thrive ;

it -be m o n m t o If y f rtu e y bully kill , w ’ ’ m m ’ I s ear I ll ne er co e ho e alive .

l k 2 2 . at e ac He put on his back a good p j , And on his of head a cap steel , With sword and buckler by his side ; 0 gin he did not become them well !

‘ 2 m . w r ! 3 O fare thee ell , y father dea

‘ And e w o ! fare the ell , thou Carlisle t wn m o m u t o l If it be y f rtune y b lly ki l , ’ ’ w n I s ear I ll ever eat bread again . BE WICK AND GRAHAME

’

2 . ow w me 4 N e ll leave talking of Christy Graha , And talk of him again belive ; we w of o n w But ill talk b n y Be ick , his Where he was teaching scholars ﬁve .

’ 2 w le r d m . o w a n w t o 5 N hen he had the ell fence , w o o To handle their swords ith ut any d ubt, ’ own wo his arm He s taken his s rd under , ’ ’ his r And walk ( 1 fathe s close about .

’ 2 6 look d w him . He bet een and the sun , To see what farleys he could see ; ’ s d man w mo on There he py a ith ar r , m As he ca e riding over the lee .

‘ 2 w m w man on 7 . I onder uch hat y be That so boldly this waydoes come ; m i I think it is y nighest friend , m I think it is my bully Graha e .

‘ w m 0 w om ul m ! 28 . O elco e , elc e , b ly Graha e 0 man o m w om ! , th u art y dear, elc e man o m w om ! O , th u art y dear , elc e ’ For I love t hee best in Christendom .

‘ 2 0 w 9 . Away, away , bully Be ick , And of thy bullyship let me be ! The day is come I never thought on ; ’ ’

I m m t o w . Bully, co e here ﬁght ith thee

‘ ! t 0 m ! 0 . 0 no no so 3 , bully Graha e ’ be ! That e er such a word should spoken . was m e o was m o I thy ast r , th u y sch lar, ’ So well as I have learnéd thee .

1 14 BE WICK AND GRAHAME

ﬂ his m his 8 . an o o o 3 He g c at fr sh ulders ,

m - oo out of ﬂan His psal b k his hand g he , ’ cla d hi s n o He p ha d up n the hedge , ’ An er w d o lap he right antonly .

m did e . a om 39 When Gr ha e see his bully c , The salt tear stood long in his eye : ‘ ow m sa o man N needs ust I y that th u art a , w That dare venture thy body to ﬁght ith me .

‘ w on m 40 . No I have a harness y back ; I know that thou hath none on thine ; But as little as thou hath on thy back l Sure as ittle shall there be on mine .

1 ﬂan hi s om off hi s 4 . He g jack fr back, His steel cap from hi s head ﬂang he ; ’ He s wo o taken his s rd int his hand, ’ hi s o He s tied horse unt a tree .

2 H w w t wo o w . o 4 they fell to it ith br ad s ords , For t wo long hours fo ught Bewick and he ; w was t o n on m Much s eat be see the both , t But never a drop of blood o see .

m w ackwar k 43 . Now Graha e gave Be ick an d stro e An ackward stroke surely struck he ; him now He struck under the left breast, as Then down to the ground dead fell he .

‘A w 44 . rise, arise, O bully Be ick A and wo d t o me ! rise , speak three r s wo d Whether this be thy deadly un , ’ on w m Or God and good surge s ill end thee . BE WICK AND GRAHAME 1 1 5 ‘ m . o o 0 45 O h rse , O h rse , bully Graha e , And pray do get thee far from me ! wo w m Thy s rd is sharp , it hath ounded y heart , f And so no urther can I gae .

‘

6 . 0 o 0 ul m 4 O horse , h rse , b ly Graha e , And get thee far from m e with speed ! And get thee out of t his country quite ! ’ That none may know who s done t he deed !

‘ hi m . 0 47 if t s be true, y bully dear, wo o o t o me The rds that th u d st tell , ’ vow m vow The I ade, and the I ll keep ; ’ ’ I swear I ll be the ﬁrst that die .

- 8 . his w m 4 Then he stuck s ord in a oody hill , Where he lap thirty goo d foo t and three ; o t o First he bequeathed his s ul God ,

w - And upon his own s ord point lap he .

w m was . o 49 N Graha e he the ﬁrst that died , An d then came Robin Bewick t o see ; ‘ ’ SOII! Arise , arise, O he said , ‘ ’ o For I see th u s won the victory .

‘ ’

0 . A ! 5 rise , arise, O son he said , ‘ ’ For I see thou s won the victory ; ‘ o not o w m Father , c uld ye drunk y ur ine at ho e And letten me and my brother be?

‘ 1 w l w w . No o o 5 dig a grave b th and ide , And in it us t wo pray bury ;

m m on - But bury y bully Graha e the sun side , ’ ’ ’ r I Fo m sure he s won the victory . 1 1 6 THE BATTLE OF OTTE RB URN

’ 2 Now w t wo 5 . e ll leave talking of these brethren, ow w In Carlisle t n here they lie slain , And of t wo oo old en talk these g d m , m Where they were aking a pitiful moan .

now o w 53 . With that bespoke R bin Be ick man was not m t o m ? 0 , I uch bla e I have lost one of the liveliest lads ’ w s o m That ever a b rn unto y name .

o m oo o m 54 . With that then besp ke y g d L rd Graha e ‘ 0 man o o , I have l st the better bl ck ; o m om o m o I have l st y c f rt and y J y ,

m o m o . I have lost y key , I have l st y l ck

r Ladderdale 55 . Had I gone th ough all , And o se t on m e forty h rse had , m m Had Christy Graha e been at y back , m ’ So well he would have guarded e .

6 no m Of m t o 5 . I have ore y song sing , ’ But t wo or three words t o you I ll name ; ’ ’ But t will be talk d in Carlisle town t l m That these wo o d men were all the bla e .

THE BATTLE OF OTTE RBURN

1 . mm It fell about the La as tide ,

m - men win When the uir their hay , The doughty D ouglas bound him t o ride

t o r . Into England, d ive a prey

2 . o a nd m He chose the Gord ns the Grae es, m and With the the Lindsays , light gay ; di wad w him But the Jar nes na ith ride, s And they rue it to thi day .

1 18 THE BATTLE OF OTTE RB URN

‘ 1 0 t o n . But gae ye up Otterbur , And w da is ait there y three, And om not da is , if I c e ere three y end , ’ ’ A e fause knight ca ye m .

‘ ’ t t erb rn s 1 1 . The O u a bonnie burn ; ’ T is pleasant there t o be ; But there is nought at Otterburn

To feed my men and m e .

‘ 2 w n n 1 . o a d The deer rins ild hill dale, The birds ﬂy wild from tree t o tree ; But there is neither bread nor kale

To fend my men and me .

‘ w 1 . n 3 Yet ill I stay at Otterbur , Where you shall welcome be; And om not da is , if ye c e at three y end , ’ ’ ’ A fause lord I ll ca thee .

‘ w m ’ 1 . o o 4 Thither ill I c e , pr ud Percy said, ‘ ’ m f r L By the ight o Ou adye . ‘ ’ w o s There ill I bide thee , said the D ugla , ‘ t ’ My troth I plight o thee .

1 on 5 . They lighted high Otterburn, Upon the bent sae brown ; on O They lighted high tterburn , n And threw their pallio s down .

And o bo 1 6 . he that had a b nnie y, Sent out his horse t o grass ; And not on bo he that had a b nie y ,

His ain servant he was. THE BATTLE OF OTTE RB URN 1 19

1 7 . But up then spake a little page , Before the peep of dawn ‘ w w m oo o O aken ye , aken ye , y g d l rd , ’ ’ F r o Percy s hard at hand .

‘ 1 8 o ! . Ye lie , ye lie , ye liar l ud Sae loud I hear ye lie For Percy had not m en yestreen di To ght my men and me .

‘ ’ e m d m 1 . dr a 9 But I have a dreary drea , o of Bey nd the Isle Skye , saw man win I a dead a ﬁght , ’ k m w s And I thin that an a I .

2 w 0 . on o He belted his gude braid s rd , And t o ran the ﬁeld he , o o m But he f rg t the hel et good ,

That should have kept his brain .

’ wi m e 2 1 . t When Percy the Douglas , 3 I wot he was fu fain ; swakked r wo w They thei s rds , till sair they s at , w And the blood ran do n like rain .

2 2 w o o wo . But Percy ith his go d br ad s rd, oul so wo n That c d sharply u d , w o on ow Has ounded D uglas the br ,

Till he fell t o the ground .

’ ll n hi s - 2 . ca d o 3 Then he little foot page, ‘ And said , Run speedily , ’ And m fetch y ain dear sister s son,

Sir Hugh Montgomery . 1 20 THE BATTLE OF OTTE RB URN

‘ w ’ 2 . oo o 4 My nephe g d , the D uglas said , What recks t he death of ane ! ’ dream d m Last night I a dreary drea , ’ And I ken the day s thy ain .

‘ 2 w w 5 . My ound is deep ; I fain ould sleep ;

Take thou the vanguard of the three, And m e — hide by the bracken bush , w That gro s on yonder lily lee .

“ ‘ me - 2 6 . O bury by the bracken bush, Beneat h the blooming brier ; Let never living mort al ken ’ There ere a kindly Scot lies here .

2 . o 7 He lifted up that n ble lord , ’ Wi the saut tear in his ee ;

him - He hid in the bracken bush, m m m not That his erry en ight see .

m w s w 2 8 . oo a The n clear, the day dre near, ﬂinders ﬂew The spears in , But mony a gallant Englishman e m w Ere day t h Scots en sle .

2 . o o 9 The G rdons go d , in English blood , ’ They st eep d their hose and shoon ; ﬂew i o The Lindsays l ke ﬁre ab ut,

Till all the fray was done .

m met 0 . o 3 The Percy and Montg ery , That eit her of other were fain ; swakked wo t wa w They s rds, and they s at, w And aye the blood ran do n between .

1 2 2 THE HUNTING OF THE CHE VIOT

2 . o The fattest harts in all Chevi t , He said he would kill and carry them away ‘ ’ m o o By y faith , said the d ughty D uglas again , ‘ w ’ I ill let that hunting if that I may .

. of Bamborou h m 3 Then the Percy out g ca e, him m m n With a ighty ea y , With ﬁfteen hundred archers bold ;

They were chosen out of Shires three .

. on o m o 4 This began a M nday at rn , In Cheviot the hills so hie ; il ma o The ch d y rue that is unb rn, i It was the more p t ye .

o woodes 5 . The drivers thor ugh the went , For t o raise the deer ; B owmen bickered upon the bent w With their broad arro s clear .

w o woodes w 6 . o Then the yld th r ugh the ent, On every s1de shear ; Greyhounds thorough the groves glent

For to kill their deer .

o oo . 7 . This began in Chevi t the hills ab n Early on a M onynday dr w t o o of noo By that it e the h ur n ,

A hundred fat harts dead there lay .

w m o 8 . o They ble a rt up n the bent , ’ They sembled on sides shear ; O w n T the quarry then the Percy e t,

To see the brittling of the deer . THE HUNTING OF THE CHE VIOT 1 2 3

‘ ’ was o m 9 . He said , It the D uglas pro ise This day t o meet me here ; w woul m But I ist he d fail , vera ent

A great oat h the Percy sware .

1 ui of ort humberland 0 . At the last a sq re N ’ Look d at his hand full nigh ; ’ ’ was w of o m n He are the doughty D uglas co i g ,

With him a mighty meany .

w 1 1 . Both ith spear, bill , and brand , It was a mighty sight t o see ; i men of Hard er , both heart and hand , rist i e Were not in Ch ant i .

w w m 1 2 . dr They ere t enty hun ed spear en good , Without any fail ; ’ w o o w 0 w They ere b rn al ng by the ater T eed , ’ t he o n f i i le I b u ds o T v da .

‘ ff ’ 1 . o 3 Leave your brittling of the deer , he said , ‘ And to your bows look ye take good heed ; For never sith ye were of your mothers born ’ Had ye ever so mickle need .

1 4 . The doughty Douglas on a steed He rode all hi s men beforn ; His armor glittered as did a glede ; was o A bolder bairn never b rn .

‘ w ’ 1 . me men 5 Tell hose ye are, he says , ‘ Or whose men that ye be Who ou t o gave y leave hunt in this Cheviot chase , ’ In spite of mine and of me ? 1 24 THE HUNTING OF THE CHE VIOT

man v him w m The ﬁrst that e er an ans er ade, It was the good Lord Percy ; ‘ ’ w not w o men “ we We ill tell thee h se are , he says, ‘ Nor those men that we be But we will hunt here inthis chase f In spite of thine and o thee .

‘ 1 o 7 . The fattest harts in all Chevi t t m ’ o w . We have killed, and cast carry the a ay ‘ ’ m o o o By y tr th , said the d ughty D uglas again , ‘ ’ of Therefor the tone us shall die this day .

1 8 o . Then said the d ughty Douglas o o Unt the L rd Percy, ‘ o m en T kill all these guiltless , A w ! las , it ere great pity

‘ 1 o man of 9 . But , Percy, th u art a land , I am an earl called within my countree our men o Let all up n a part stand, f f ’ And do the battle o thee and o me .

‘ ’ ’ 2 0 ow on his ow o . N Christ s curse cr n , said the L rd Percy , ‘ Whosoever thereto says nay ! ’ m o o o By y tr th , d ughty D uglas , he says, ‘ Thou shalt never see that day ,

‘ 2 1 o nor e . Neither in England , Sc tland , Franc , or for no man of wom n o N a a b rn , o m But , an f rtune be y chance , ’

m him man one . I dare eet , one for

2 2 of o m . Then bespake a squire N rthu berland , Richard Witherington was his name ; ‘ ’ o d in o It shall never be t l S uth England , he says , ‘ f r To King Harry the Fourth o Shame .

1 2 6 THE HUNTING OF THE CHE VIOT

2 m ow 9 . The English en let their b es be, ’ And pull d out brands that were bright; It was a heavy sight t o see w Bright s ords on basnets light .

0 o o m m ne e le 3 . Th r ugh rich ail and y y p , Many stern they stroke down straight ; freke was ul Many a that f l free, un There der foot did light .

1 . met 3 At last the Douglas and the Percy , Like t wo captains of might and of main ; ’ swa d o w They p together till they b th s at,

With swords that were of ﬁne Milan .

w frekes t 2 . o 3 These orthy for ﬁght, o Theret they were full fain , out of Till the blood their basnets sprent,

As ever did hail or rain .

‘ ’ 33 . Yield thee , Percy, said the Douglas, ‘ ’ And i faith I Shall thee bring ’ Where thou shalt have an earl s wages

mi . Of Ja e, our Scottish king

om r Thou shalt have thy rans f ee, i t i I hight thee here th s h ng , For the manfullest man yet art thou ’ ’ That ever I conq uer d in ﬁeld ﬁgh ting .

‘ ’ 3 5 . Nay, said the Lord Percy , ‘ befom I told it thee , That I would never yielded be ’ o To no man of a w man born . THE HUNTING OF THE CHE VIOT 1 2 7

m ow 6 . t 3 Wi h that there ca e an arr hastily, Forth of a mighty wane ; It hath stricken the Earl Douglas

- In at the breast bane .

Through liver and lunges both ow The sharp arr is gone, That never after in all his life- days ’ He spake mo words but one : ‘ was m m m That , Fight ye , y erry en , ’ - For my life days be gone .

8 hi s 3 . The Percy leaned on brand, And saw the D ouglas die ; o man He t ok the dead by the hand , ‘ me for ! And said, Woe is thee

‘ ’ oul w 39 . To have sav d thy life I w d have parted ith for My landes years three , For man of of a better , heart and hand , ’ e Was not in all th north countree .

0 ll . a saw o 4 Of that a Sc ttish knight , ’ call d o om Was Sir Hugh the M ntg ery, o t o was i He saw the D uglas the death d ght ,

s ended r . He p a spear , a t usty tree

1 4 . He rode upon a courser Through a hundred archery ; nor n He never stinted , ever blane , m Till he ca e to the good Lord Percy .

2 se 4 . He t upon the Lord Percy A dint that was full sore ; With a sure spear of a mighty tree o Clean thr ugh the body he the Percy bore, 1 28 THE HUNTING OF THE CHE VIOT

’ o man m see 43 . O the t ther side that a ight A large clot h yard and mare : Two better captains were not in Christ iant ie w Than that day slain ere there .

An of um 44 . archer North berland Saw slain was the Lord Percy ; He bare a bent bow in his hand

Was made of trusty tree .

An ow a o w s 45 . arr that cl th yard a long '' To the hard steel hauled he ; A dint that was both sad and sore on o om He sat Sir Hugh the M ntg ery .

6 was o sad 4 . The dint it b th and sore That he on Montg omery se t ; The swan feathers that his arrow bore w e Wit h his heart blood they ere w t .

was freke one oo wo 4 7 . There never a f t uld ﬂee , o n But still in st ur did sta d , w on o w i m He ing each ther , h le they ight dree ,

With many a baleful brand .

o 48 . This battle began in Chevi t An our o oo h bef re the n n , And when evensong bell was rung s The battle wa not half done .

49. They took on either hand By the light of the moon ; n n for t o Many had o stre gth stand,

In Cheviot the hills aboon .

130 THE HUNTING OF THE CHE VIOT

o on mo ow m 57 . S the rr they made the biers Of birch and hazel so gray ; w ow w w Many id s , ith eeping tears, m t Ca e o fetch their mates away .

i idale ma of 8 . T v 5 y carp care, o m ma m mo N rthu berland y ake great an , For t wo such captains as slain were there

- ow On the March party shall never be kn n .

om t o E dinborou h 59 . Word is c en g , To m o n Ja ie , the Sc ttish ki g ,

o o l ff- n of That d ughty D uglas , y tena t the Marches ,

He lay slain Cheviot wit hin .

60 His handes w w . did he eal and ring , ‘ ’ A and woe is me ! He said , las , ot o n w Such an her captain Sc tla d ithin, ’

o . He said, i faith sh uld never be

i m o o o 6 1 . o s o W rd c en to l vely L nd n , o our Till the f urth Harry king ,

o L ff - of That L rd Percy , y tenant the Marches,

He lay slain Cheviot within .

’ m on hi s o God have ercy s ul , said King Harry, o o w ! G od L rd , if thy ill it be ’ I have a hundred captains in England, he said , ‘ As good as ever was he ; oo m But, Percy, an I br k y life, ’ Thy death well quit shall be .

his ow 6 . As o m 3 our n ble king ade av , no n of ow Like a ble pri ce ren n , For the death of the Lord Percy He did the battle of Homildon ; THE HUNTING OF THE CHE VIOT 13 1

o 64 . Where six and thirty Sc ttish knights On a day were beaten down ; on mo Glendale glittered their ar r bright, w w . Over castle, to er and to n

w s f 6 . a o o 5 This the hunting the Chevi t , That e ’ er began t his spurn ! Old men that know the ground well enough

Call it the battle of Otterburn .

A 66 . t Otterburn began this spurn , Upon a M onynday ; was ou o There the d g hty D uglas slain , w The Percy never ent away .

s - 6 7 . There wa never a time on the March parties o met Since the D uglas and the Percy , But it is marvel an the red blood run not

As the rain does in the street .

8 6 . Jesus Christ our bales bete , And t o the bliss us bring ! Thus was the hunting of the Cheviot God send us all good ending !

I 34 NOTE S

T en bes ake t he second s ring h p t , ‘ ’ onde s s m mo he t h n 0 y r it y t r e q uee .

And hen bes ake t he s ings all t hree t p tr , ‘ ’ O onde is m s s e ha d owned m y r y i t r t t r e .

THE CRUEL BROTHER (Page 1 7)

It is probable that this ballad is still sung in some of t he more rem ote districts in Scotland; it was formerly one of t he best- known Th is d n of t he Scottish songs. e story base upo t he belief current in ballad imes not only in ngland but on t he con inen as well t , E t t , ’ ’ that t o neglect asking a brother s assent t o hi s sister s m arriage was d n l ff n A num e of n n t o commit an unpar o ab e o e se . b r Sca dinavia h m h m The e are een kn r ballads have t e sa e t e e . r ﬁft own ve The one en he e as in ed sions of thi s ballad. giv r w ﬁrst pr t in Jami e ’ la Ballad son s Popu r s .

- mm m Silve r sh od st e e d. Co on obj ect s ade from gold or s l e are cha ac e s c ea u es in all olk l t e at u e and t he allads i v r r t ri ti f t r f i r r , b n The la sh u e of u m in are full of such descript io s. vi s precio s etals these old tales shows how simple and child- like was t he medi eval Youn Ronald he he o of a allad of ha nam e dea of andeu . t i gr r g , r b t t , “ ’ ” h h In The Hi h has a horse w ose saddle is o t e guid red gowd. g “ ’ Banks of Yarrow we even hear of a coffin made 0 t he gowd sae ” yellow .

HIND HORN (Page 20)

’ From M ot herwell s M anuscript (about The st ory of Hind Ho n is a e old one and is old at rea len h in h ee manu r v ry , t g t gt t r sc omances K in Horn Horn et R menhild and Horn Childe ript r ( g , y and M aiden Rimnild t he ea l es of wh ch da es ack t o t he at t e ) , r i t i t b l r a f h hi n h c n The allad es onl t he culm na p rt o t e t rtee t e tury . b giv y i — h The nc den s used t he ewels of chan n t ion of t is long story . i i t j gi g hue t he lon a sence and une ec ed t mel e u n t he di s u se , g b xp t i y r t r , g i assumed t he he o e en t he d o n of t he n n o t he em t by r , v r ppi g ri g i t p y — cup are famili ar devices in t he romant ic literature of all nations . The student who is well read in t he Odyssey of Homer will not fail t o ﬁnd a striking parallel be t ween t he return of Hind Horn and t he

- l Ball ll h m e home coming of U ysses . ads essentia y t e sa e are pres rved in Danish and in Swedish . NOTE S 13 5

T o e n ha Seven living lavrock s . w v rsio s ve three singing — la ocks a e e conce t on as t he desc on undou edl e s vr b tt r p i , ripti bt y ref r o o nam n a on of e he t he wand sel or of it s ndl In t the r e t ti it r it f ha e . l n some versions it is a go d wand and a silver ri g .

D out . D n d rank rai e . ’ n d The Evidently the ring had ot tol the truth . king s daughter had not ceased t o love Horn ; but perhaps she had given him u as de d ause of his lon a sen e or e h s she was e n p a bec g b c , p r ap b i g h m a a a n h an forced into thi s ot er arri ge g i st er will . Neither ch ce had been provided for when t he ring was given ; it could carry but n m I al al m owe e n H m o e essa e . t s s s nd o in m g f e ar , h v r, bri g i h e ti e t o n a ed preve t a tr g y .

YOUNG BEICHAN (Page 2 2)

There are ﬁfteen versions of this ballad; t he one chosen is from t he Jamieson- Brown M anuscript The e are man l kenesses e ween Youn Beichan and Hind Horn r y i b t g , et he t wo o e are no m ac call e e na on y t st ri s t t he sa e . Pr ti y v ry ti of u o has a l is oun e a of h s eac w h dif E r pe ta e that a c t rp rt t i , h it a ferent name for t he In som e ns ances t he nc den is ela ed hero . i t i i t r t — of som d n s o e sona e as Hen of B unsw ck or e eﬁ ite hi t ric p r g ry r i , — Alexander von M etz and is accepted by t he common people as h s o but s o ans know a is onl olk al w ose drI in i t ry, hi t ri th t it y a f t e h g anno ed c t be trac . ’ B i Th i ou l ell d in d ffe n e chan . e hero s name s Vari s y sp e i re t e s ons - B cham Bek e Bichet and in o e w e c an is v r i , i , i , , th r ays ; B i h , howe e t he mo am ell n s l a s . v r, t f i i r p i g In one version he goes no fart her than t o France which was a hos le coun ou mos of t he M ddle A s he e t o se e in t he ti try thr gh t i ge , t r rv ’ ’ k n ou an l h h n h s d t o all in o e w t e k s dau e . i g c rt, f v it i g g t r

Mo M h n o l al - A a o . The oo s o ammeda e r M r , a p p e h f r b , hal - Be e e an he n as on of S a n in 1 1 and for wen f rb r, b g t ir i v i p i 7 , t ty years gained steadily in power till all Europe grew alarmed lest Ch s ani wa doom ha les M a l in 2 de ea ed t he Mo ri ti ty s ed. C r rte 73 f t hammedan a m in t he elds e ween Tou s and o e s and deal r y ﬁ b t r P iti r , t a dea - th blow t o t he M oorish hope of furt her conq uests in Europe .

Ne e heless t h s da k- sk nned ace ma n a ned sel in S a n for v rt , i r i r i t i it f p i more han se en h d ed ea s on e h ed d e d b all t v un r y r l g r, at an f are y the 1 3 6 NOTE S

n n An le Of c uel or m Christia natio s . y ta r ty deceit that ight be told n of them fou d ready belief .

- Susie Pye . Spelled Shusy Pye in t he manuscript ; a strange m fo Moo h ncess but ound in n of t he ﬁf e na e r s t e en s ons. a ri pri , f t ver i l Whit e money is si ver .

ea l e - I hope . In t he r i r ballads t he ballad singer never in ‘ t roduces his own ou h s n o t he st o ne e makes an comment th g t i t ry , v r y “ ” h l n The u of e n l on t e ta e he is telli g . se t h perso a 1 (repeated in l ne ma ks hi s s on as of com a a el la e da e i r t ver i p r tiv y t t . It must not be forgotten that Susie Pye was a heathen “ In nz h han h l n princess . this St a a s e c ges er re igio at yon fountain ” “ ” h L n s ane and is a ed t e ad a e . Na u all he e is no t , b ptiz y J t r y , t r ’ such ending in that version where Beichan s truelove is t he French

EDWARD (Page 2 5)

’ This amous old llad has een aken om P r Reli f ba b t fr e cy s ques. “ Percy calls it a curious song transmi t t ed t o t he editor by Sir D avid ” D l L d Ha le a m le Ba t la e o s. ry p , r , t r i H awkis . E n l sh was once an nﬂe ed lan ua e and in g i i ct g g , — “ ” t he so called strong declension t he genitive case was formed by h n min B h o d add n es is t o t e o a e as he e . ut in eec t he w i g ( ) tiv , r sp r was freq uently contracted by t he dropping of t he vowel and t he n nl e of t he ca e S n In w n a o he sou d n of o t h s s . t he os i g y ig riti g , p tr p had already come into use t o indicate t he omission of a letter from w ’ ’ a wo d so e con ac ed en t es we e t en hawk s man s e t c . r t h r g i iv r ri , , t t t , Genitives were so much more common than any other contractions ha t he a os o he came t o be cons de ed t he S n of ha t ense t t p tr p i r ig t t , and t o be used in t he plural—as well as t he singular : Older forms survive longer in t he speech and hence in t he orally transmitted — lit erat ure Oi t he common people than in t he speech or writings of h Ballad of com a at el la e dat e e a n t e educated classes. s p r iv y t r t i e old e In man l nes t he s elli n of hese could not be th se g nitives . y i p g t modernized as t he addi t ional syllable is needed for t he m etre . Th ome o he cause for Som e oth e r dul e ye dre e . ere is s t r dr i See dule and ee n t he lossa . your grief . g ry The only o ther complete version of this ballad has :

’ I ll set m oo in a ot t omless sh y f t b ip , ’ ’ n ma 0 m And ye ll ever see ir e .

‘ 1 38 NOTE S

M reade Sh all se at t h I y ri e e . must look t o thee for ad

V1ce .

E en so la e as t he me of Froissart we ﬁn d M ns l v t ti , i tre s and He alds men oned o e he as hose who m h secu l r ti t g t r, t ig t re y go m ’ n o an ene s coun . P i t y try ( ercy . )

All and in . And all in or s m in , i ply . Not ce t he e ac e e on in h f n s s n a o s a a 8 . i x t r p titi t i ta z , t z Compare lso s anzas 23 and 24 26 and 1 2 and 2 2 8 and a t , 3 , 7 3 , 3 3 , n 9 a d 43 .

Proud ort e . Com a e w h a 2 in e l e . p r p r it p g 4 , 5 5 “ A E ’ 5 . s t o st mere s riding into t he hall while t he kings were at a le h s was usual in t he da s of ch al and e en o t h a t b , t i y iv ry ; v t is d y ’ we see a relic of t he custom kept up in t he Champion s riding int o ” West mins e - Hall du t he co on n n a o d nn . P t r ri g r ti i er ( ercy . ) ’ Look d him r Th ll - in t h e e a . e ba ad maker is certainly not at hi s bes in hi s line ; ear rhymes wi h near in - t he four h line t t t t , but no o he eason can be d for t r r foun it s u se . N i him e h n e a . A oach n a h g r ppr e r im . Ri ht t iﬁ g s in st our can st and. Bore themselves bravely in h n t e co test .

SIR PATRICK SPE NCE (Page 36)

— ’ These t wo e s ons of t h s allad t he one om Pe c s Reli ues v r i i b fr r y q , ’ — t he o t he om Sco s Minst rels o t he Scot t ish Border are chosen r, fr tt y f P om e h een o m s som e a men ar nt ed o esso Ch ld . fr ig t f r , fr g t y , pri by r f r i ’ Percy s copy is generally conceded t o be t he best in poetic form and F r s t but t he added de a ls in t he o t he e s on are nt e est in . o piri , t i r v r i i r g an amusing account of t he dramatic possibilit ies of t his latt er ver ’ ’ Pr r h ! I s on ead K e D ou las W n s Penelo e s o ess c a e VI . i , r at g iggi p g , pt r The i old n Bot h Perc and Scot el e ed it t o be ballad s an o e . v t b i v founded on fac hough neit her of t hem could adduce much evi t, t dence t o su o his el e for Sco sh h st o makes no men on pp rt b i f, tti i ry ti of an i Pa k n W ll am M o he well 1 8 26 d sco e ed y S r t ric Spe ce . i i t r ( ) i v r t hat in 1 2 8 1 Alexander t he Third of Scotland ﬁt ted out an expe dit ion t o conduc his dau h e Ma a e t t o No wa whe e she was t o t g t r rg r r y , r ’ marry t he Norwegian E ric ; an escort of t he best of Scot land s knight hood att ended t he young princess and remained in Norway through u als o ms out t he long and ceremonious celebrat ion Of t he n pti . St r NOTES 139

k d A close a all l arose on their return and t he ﬂeet was wrec e . r p r e could s a cel be w shed and t he rea ma o of s uden s of t he c r y i , g t j rity t t ’ ballad since Mot herwell s day have accepted hi s explanation t hat was his e edi t on whi ch almos los s h of in ut n c h s o it t xp i , t t ig t a he ti i t ry , is nevert heless recorded wit h remarkable accuracy in this song of

fa om u h A co h o no r d . Dumf erline . S ttis t wn t fr E inb rg ‘ The Scottish monarchs were much addicted t o sit in D unfermline ’ na It was a own revious t o t he accession of t he Bruce dy s y . t , p t a o e a ode of Ale ande h msel Who was killed a om f v rit b x r i f, by fall fr his ho s in t he V c ni and was u ed in t he A e of D unferm r e, i i ty , b ri bb y ” o t line . (Sc t )

A broad let t er. e le e on a o d shee or a lon Eith r a tt r br a t, g l etter. rr H1 A e uen all d wo d me nin s m l M e en . y fr q t b a r , a g i p y m n o followers 01 co pa i ns . on man o le is el e ed t o o e ell a o Am g y pe p t his b i v f r t st rm . t m The wa e a Th eir ha s t h ey swa ab oon . t r w s over their heads.

’ SCOTT S VERSION OF SIR PATRICK SPE NS (Page 3 8)

In s n n t he n t ec on O is added t o t he se ond and i gi g , i erj ti c ” co t fourth lines . (S t ) Of Norowa should ead t o Norowa a e e on of t he y r y , r p titi ound and ond l n O al phrase f in the ﬁrst sec i es of t he stanza . S so in s an a t z 7 . ’ T i r Th h s t h ou maun bring h e ham e . e p rase t o bring home a de means t o conduc her w h c emon t o her n w h m bri t it er y e o e . The expression is still used in this sense in some parts of Scot l n a d .

Th s k nd of e e on is a a o e o m cf s n I i i r p titi f v rit f r ; . ta zas 4 nd 1 al 8 . See E 2 a so K in st mere s an a 6 . g , t z no n Que enis . See te o Whit e money : see note on

Ab erde en was an important seapo rt as early as t he twelfth n Acco d n u . t o hi s e s on and not t he sm alle A e dou ce t ry r i g t v r i it , r b r r, ’ was t he h d na Th on s ip s es i ion . e ues i is not wor h a uing for t t q t t rg , r ck o ed e o e t he o s oas was s h ed the w e ccurr b f r Sc tti h c t ig t . 1 40 NOTE S

THE GAY GOSHAWK (Page 4 2)

F om he amIeson- B own Manu c The e a e h r t J r s ript . r re ig t versions known in E n l sh and t he allad seems t o elon e clus el t o t he g i , b b g x iv y

- T e n d n E nglish speaking people . h i ci e t of t he m essage carried by t he d is not unknown in cont nen t al l t e at u e and t hat of he bir i i r r , t ’ maiden s feigning death in order t o join her lover had long been popu lar but t he un n of t he t wo as he e has not een ound in an , iti g , r , b f y o e n all f r ig b ad. ’ ’ W ell s m e O my gay goshawk . I am fortunate t o possess m a o h y g y g s awk .

Mar s . The wo d is not ca t al ed in t he manusc y r pi iz ript . Used as a common noun mar m eans an at endant ma d a ma d , y t i , i of- hono r . - o n nd n Shot window. A pr ject i g wi ow ; a oriel or bay wm

o h e of S o land such a w ndow is called an out - sho d w . In t e w st c t i t w ndow i . ’ T t r . e n e e en la n n he s e en Yes e s e s e e . tr , (y t r ) t v i g

l . D lm Dol h n m t he ame D e al o d s u e a s . e t e nou o s g i trib t , fr d al mean m ne r ood en in cha t It wa lon a oot as e s o o . s r , y f giv ri y g cust om t o give t o t he poor at t he time of a funeral for it was be lieved t hat such gifts would buy rest and peace for t he soul of t he dec eased .

l u ht . A lee n d au ht S e epy dra g s pi g r g .

Guid re d gold silve r cle ar . See not e t o ’ Th 10 Sound ou ho . Sco t t s e s on has blaw our horn . e . y r rn v r i y l m expression was evidently a comm on t aunt on t he fai ure of a sche e .

THE WE E WE E MAN (Page 46)

I is a e This little ballad is one of t he short est in t he language . t tru allad t o much l ht e mo e del cat e mo e anc ul t han t he b bu s ig r , r i , r f if , , usual o m t ha it s ands in a class u e a a t and one sea ches f r t t q it p r , r The se en known e s ons show onl in vain for another like it . v v r i y ’ Th s one was s n ed in He d s Ancient and slight variat ions . i ﬁr t pri t r ot tish Son s second ed t on M odern Sc g ( i i , h ow and Th e of h s wo d is con us n . Suc a Span . e us t i r f i g br “ such breadt h of shoulder are ridiculously out of accord wi t h legs of ’ ” ha hmont s len h and unde n c cumst ances could he be a s t gt , r o ir t y

1 4 2 NOTE S

I h w ull u ce i n . No e o e s s m led w t h sen m n 3 t car f y j ti i g i t i e t . Anne as t he nnocen V c m is u ed w h n t he chu ch Lo d t, i t i ti , b ri it i r . r Thomas as a mu de e o u s de t he walls but ue lo e , r r r, t i ; tr v survives c me and dea h and n s hem o e he in t he ch and e ri t bri g t t g t r bir bri r.

LIZIE LINDSAY (Page 5 1)

(Donald of t he Isles)

This allad is known unde o les t h s e s on e n b r b th tit , i v r i b i g given 26 nde he la n m In hi by K inloch ( 1 8 ) u r t tter a e . s int roduction t o it he says that it was very popular even as late as his own time in t he “ no h of Scot land whe e here we e few milk - ma ds but could rt , r t r i chaunt ” Th ar n it t o a e l as n un . e e e ni e e s ons in all v ry p e i g t e r v r i . h “ ” In gre at povert ie . T e lady mither is afraid her son will be married for hi s wealth and rank unless he hides his t rue posi on ti . ’ Wi nae ﬁ at t erie . Donald has t he same ide and om e a, pr is s H n t o go clad as a poor ighla der . ’ t h A am e h Th e ring and e b a . g in w ich a ring was thrown up into t he air and a ball was t o be thrown t hrough t he ring before it fell . n n d L zi Lizie : pro ou ce ee e .

Think lan . G ow wea or discon en g r ry t ted. h m Bouncie . M uc o e e ess e t han a l t le oun r xpr iv it b ce . C mmonl ch for l Coﬁ er. o a es a ua les but he e used in y t v b , r n of a ece acle for o h clo hin and o nam en t he se se r pt b t t g r ts . The l e al me ni of t he wo d i Lown . it r a ng r s nothing more nk than a person of low ra . n l i n h r He n D o a d s t ryi g e t o t he utmost . poi ts out a lowly hi home and an old easan woman as hi s m Th hut as s o he . e , p t t r de e t on is eas t o m ana e for t he old woman add esses him in c p i y g , r E e lan ua e of t he H hlands wh ch Lizie does no unde rse t h g g ig , i t , r nd sta . l If t he wo ds occu ed nowhe e l o d Thae is e s . r rr r e se it w ul be m oss le t o locat e t he scene mo e closel han in t he H hlands i p ib r y t ig , but t he Isles in t he second t itle can m ean only t he islands t o t he west The ncl de t he la e sland of Mull Ul a t he scene nd . se u Of Scot la i rg i , v ( ’ ’ f m ell s oem Lord Ullin s Dau ht er Iona t he lessed o Ca pb p g ) , ( b Th d of C l m a and man ot he s . e Lo t he Isles was le of St . o u is b ) , y r r NOTE S 143

a petty m onarch and much feared by t he remaining Scott ish chief ’ R d c m n c oem The Lord o t he Isl n e S ot t s o a es . a s . a t i r ti p , f

’ BARBARA ALLE N S CRUELTY (Page 5 5)

’ The e s on is e c s wh ch he a e w some co ec o v r i r y , i g v i rr i ns P th t , ’ from an old black - le er o y en i led Barbara Allen s Cruelt or tt c p , t t y, ’ n Tra ed Tha h s allad was a o The Young M a s g y . t t i b a f v rite in t he se en en h cen u and had los but lit le of it s a eal in t he v te t t ry , t t pp e h een is e denced hese t wo uo a ons ig t th, vi by t q t ti “ l a I was o hea h Mr K In e fec e su e t er s . n an a ess p r t p r r ( ipp , ctr ) ” ll her l le o c on of B n s n and es ec a Alle . i g , p i y itt Sc t h s g arbary 6 Pe s Diar anua 2 1 6 6 . py y, J ry , “ The music of t he finest singers is di ssonance t o what I felt when ’ our old dairy- maid sung m e int o tears with J ohny Armst rong s Last — d- h T ruelt o Bar a a m 1 ld 6 . Goo ni t or he C b r Allen . Go s h g , y f it , 7 5 n Mak e my b e d. Wherever we find this expression i t he allads o e ells t he dea h of t he ake b it f r t t spe r . It is mos unusual t o find an mo ali n in all d e e t y r zi g a b a , ith r in t he words of t he b allad- maker himself or from t he lips of a char in o ome e on n n e s s e d e n . act r the st ry . S v r i with the fift e th sta za

LORD LOVEL (Page 58)

’ In his s on of t he allad B sho s L d Ouncebell t ver i b ( i p Percy ) , a y is an English princess whose lover journeys t o Scotland t o be gone — t wo years in Sco ish version t he heroine called Fair Nancy — ; a tt elle is S o h and Lo d Lo el lea es her t o n o ms l in E n b c tc , r v v e j y hi e f g l nd a .

f u ll . ll I are yo we I bid you farewe . — m a h Lord Tho s and Fa r An t a 1 8 . Co e w ma i ne 4 p r it , p ge 5 , — n 1 1 1 20 Th h n n of n ow li es 3 . is idea of t e i tertwini g t he V i es that gr om t he od s of de d lo e s is e e d in man ll fr b ie a v r r p ate y ba ads.

THOMAS RHYMER (Page 5 9)

T omas R m or R mour of E celdoune who l ed in t he h hy er ( y ) r , iv h h h t o een h cent u occu es a uni ue os t on in Sco t s s . t irt t ry , pi q p i i t i i ry Of his l e e l le is known but his ame as a o he and soo h if v ry itt , f pr p t t 1 44 NOTE S sayer spread t hrough Scot land and E ngland very early and en , d fo mo e t han ix hund ed ea It i n dure r r s r y rs. s ot yet wholly ext in h In t he ou t eent h t eent h and uis ed. s t een g f r , ﬁf i t h cen uries his x t , sayings were q uo ed in cas les and halls as well as in t he humbler t t ! cot a es and st at esmen we e not a e se t o st ud n his o hec es t g , r v r yi g pr p i

“ n u on nat onal ue In 1 60 before decidi g p i i ss s. 3 there was published “ an in eres ing li le book ent it led The Whole Pro hecie o M erlin t t tt p f , ” Thomas R mour and Others whi ch ecame so o ula ha it was y , , b p p r t t n ed and e n ed in chea o m un l as o essor Ch ld de pri t r pri t p f r , ti , Pr f i cla es he e we e few Sco sh a mhouses in l n ne een h r , t r r tti f r the ear y i t t u century witho t it . All t his is ac but in add on we ha e man le ends; Bo t he f t, iti v y g th ballad and a long poem bearing his name and dating from about t he ’ year 14 50 t ell of Thom as Rhym er s finding favor wit h t he Queen of t he E lves and of his being carried away t o dwell in E lfland for — seven years years that passed so q uickly that they seemed t o him The lon but as so many days . ger poem goes on t o tell t hat when t he t ime came for him t o ret urn t o t he eart h he felt that no one would hi t ale of what had ha ened t o him and he e ed t he believe s pp , b gg n o e him ome t ok n As t he in her Fairy Quee t giv s e . greatest gift owed u on him t h t of soot h n The e is a power she best p e gif sayi g . r tradi t ion also t hat even aft er his ret urn t o mort al lif e he was st ill su ect t o t he eck and call of t he elf ueen and ha one da as he bj b q , t t y was merrym aking am ong hi s friends som e one came up and report ed that a hart and hind from a near- by forest were walking q ui et ly Imm d at el Thoma le m an down t he V lla e st ee . e s t he co i g r t i y ft p y , and o e he w t h t he dee d sa ea ed om V ew o e he ow , t g t r i r , i pp r fr i v r t br H n I a a a n d e e was e e seen a a n . t w s of a neighbori g ri g . v r g i f iry summons t he ood olk of t he coun sa and Thomas Rh me , g f try y , y r h has dwelt in fairyland from t at day t o thi s. Th n n d in There are five versions of t he ballad . e o e first pri te ’ B 0 i n h Jamieson s Popular allads ( 1 8 6) s give ere . Thom as Rh m e is ent l o called Tru e Thomas . y r freq u y s ; na Thoma he Rh m e Yon d occasionally also he is desig ted as s t y r .

see a e 6 l ne 1 and no . p g 4 , i 5 , te a see s an as Ye m aun h old your t ongu e . Seven ye rs ( t z 5 and 1 6) would be a long t ime t o refrain from t alking . h d E en clot h . Smoo hl ﬁnished clot h as d st n ui s e v t y , i i g m li a homes from t he fa i r pun .

146 NOTES

h m nk In man n n ut s e t o one of lowe a . y i s a e as e e t he p t r r t c s , h r , lat t e is com le el a fled and is o ced t o us t o t he nat e wit r p t y b f , f r tr t iv f some ea an or se an for del e anc om hi o p s t rv t iv r e fr s predicament . There is no hist orical foundation for t he ballad ; K ing John and t he Abbot of Canterbury were merely conveni ent and familiar names n n Old and o la ale t o use i a p pu r t . ’ The k n is ealous of t he a o s weal h n i g j bb t t a d influence . Though t he story is pure fiction as applied t o K ing John and this nam eless a ot et ha a k n could ea t he owe of a weal h bb , y t t i g f r p r t y churchm an is well shown in t he story of Henry t he E ighth and Cardi ’ nal Wolsey and of t he latter s propit iatory gift t o his sovereign of t he great palace of Hampton Court .

How lon t h e wo ld ab out . Not as m h seem g r , it ig t at s ead n how lon I shall l e but how lon would k me ﬁr t r i g , g iv , g it ta e n h h t o ride arou d t e ea . — rt 0 h l n lin e 1 n 66 : 1 . No ce ese es e ea s 6 a d 1 Com a e 4 4 ti t i r p t 7 . p r Th s an a 1 1 w h and 1 2 w h 6 . s e e on is common in t he t z it 5 , it i r p titi S e Youn Beichan and K in E st mere for o he am l allads. e b e g g t r x p es. Le a n in t he sense of each now cons de ed nco ec was r , t , i r i rr t, hak once accepted by all classes of societ y . S espeare uses it in many i P ha he e kn la es h ou hou h s la s . e s t s own assa is : p c , t r g t p y r p b t p ge

nce ou lea n me no le ank ln wee u ess. S t pri , y r b th f A A N h Ac d bo t ot in t I . c n 1 Much o u V S e e l ne 0 . g, , , i 3

In a German story t he answer t o a similar q uest ion is eight The ddles and answe s in h s allad ar and twent y pence . ri r t i b e t ypes l In on o Of those t o be found in all such t a es . e st ry t he q uestioner “ ” asks How many days have elapsed from Adam t o our time ? and i n for as soon as se en are one t he e n a n h n we s Se e a . t e a s r v , v g y b gi g i “ ” Another q uest ion was How far is it from earth t o heaven ? and “ ’ T it s answe One lea as o ed Sat an s all . o t he ue r p , pr v by f q ry “ ” “ Of what am I thinking? one impertinent wit replied More - of ” your own int erest than of mine !

ROBIN HOOD AND LITTLE JOHN (Page 73)

Robin Hood and Lit tle J ohn and Robin Hood and the Golden Arrow differ in form from ot her ballads in thi s collection in that they NOTE S 14 7 h B have middle rhyme in t he third line of t e stanza . allads in t his st yle lack no t only t he simplicity but much of t he dignity of t he older o m ne e heless t he ha e an nd s u le sw n and t he l f r ; v rt y v i i p tab i g , ight ness of t heir rhythm seems peculiarly appropriat e t o their half

- n n The ea l es known e s on f h serious half ludicrous co e t . r i v r i o is , t t t ballad dates from about 1 680 ; t he version given here is taken from A Collection of Old Ballads It s story bears out most fully t he s a emen in t he Sloane M anusc wh ch decla es of Ro n t t t ript, i r bi “ Hood that wheresoever he heard of any that were of unusual strength ‘ ’ r har n he would des se h msel and a han fa le o o di es i f , r , gy ther t y , g l ke e a t o ecome ac ua n ed w t h hem and a e he had y a b gg r b q i t i t ; , ft r t r ed em w t h f ht in ne e e hem o e t l he had used y th i yg g , v r giv t v r y ” h m e hi a n Rob n Hood means t o draw (t e ) t o lyv aft er s f shio . See i F and The Curt al riar.

’ ’ - ood b w e . Good or God be w e : oo G y ( ) ith y g d by . Pas ense of he o sole e e e he m Quoth . t t t b t v rb qu t eaning Thou h h of h o n t o say or t o speak . g t e subject t e rigi al form could either precede or follow t he verb ; t he subject of q uoth as used for l c n u es n a a l ollow n e ﬁn h se e a e s . We e d e uot h v r t ri , i v ri b y f it v r q , n ot h it i alwa uo he or uo h n or t he s a e u s s t he s a e . tr g r q ; y q th , q t tr g r m I’ll h h h Right Not t ingha play. s ow you ow we do t i s thi ng o n ha ol n n d n in Not t inghamshire . N tti g m (t he d Saxo S o e gahame) is t he coun sea of No n hamsh e one of t he M dland count es ty t tti g ir , i i n l n She wood Fo l m n m le t o h n h of E g a d . r rest ies so e t e i s t e ort of No n ham and t he she ff of No n ham see Robin Hood a nd tti g , ri tti g ( ’ the Golden Arrow and Robin Hood and t he But cher) is Robin s na tural foe . - l n Goose wing . Sure y ot more that a feather from a goose wmg . H Th Th n . wo d or awthorn bush or tree . e r would need no e lana on in E n land or Sco land whe e commonl ca es xp ti g t , r it y rri ’ hi m n n f t s ea i . B l n g C . urns i e

en a h t he m lk- wh e ho n t ha scen s t he e en n ale B e t i it t r t t v i g g .

- f T Scot re e . he dictionary says t hat a scot is a t ax or a

ﬁn To o scot - ee h e . g fr t erefore m eans lit erally t o o un a ed but in g t x , o d na usa e as he e m an t o o un n h d e s u s e . r i ry g , r , it g p i ’ M li e Ro H n y v ry. bin ood s ba d comm only went clad in ” L n oln en i c gre . 148 NOTES

ROBIN HOOD AND THE GOLDEN ARROW (Page 78)

Th a f hi ad i n e d te o t s ball s u certain . It is taken from an old col ’ lec on en led Robin Hood s Garland n ed in London w ti tit , pri t ithout

a date .

f n - David o Doncast er. Not o e of t he better known of ’ Ro n H Don s e i an old - bi ood s followers . ca t r s town about thirt y ﬁve m les due no h of No n ham l n e ween She wood Fo i rt tti g , yi g b t r rest and that region in Yorkshire where Robin Hood is supposed t o have “ ” had nd r ll- e a seco t yst e tr e .

Lincoln e en . L n oln t he o n sea of L n n gr i , y i ol shi e c c u t t c r , is onl u wen m les ea of h I y abo t t ty i st S erwood Forest . t was formerly no fo d ff c all f n R n H d ed r es u s es e or ee . o oo and his nd t y t , p i y gr bi ba wo e his olo as l l k el t o h m in o r t c r east i y betray t e the f rest . See page 6 n n n li e 10 a d o . 7 , 5 , te

e eral . D f e n S v i f re tly . i R e o n . Perce ve . c g ize

ellow. E ual or ma ch F q t .

D ead. Ce a n as su e as deat h . A r i , r f er sure dead gives t t , no add onal dea we s ll alk occas onall of some h n e n iti i , yet ti t i y t i g b i g

- dead sure .

ROBIN HOOD AND THE CURTAL FRIAR (Page 83)

In an old manuscript t he title Of this ballad is Robin Hood and F r T The oll a h small a in t he alla ria uck. j y fri r as a very p rt b ds none at all in t he olde ones — hou h we usuall t hink o f him as r , t g y on of and n h Th s e s on da es om t he lat e e the b i S erwood. i v r i t fr t r a f n n n p rt o t he seve tee th ce tury . me ould us ill om would he sk ll at So w e art e ry. S e try t ir i d in . r n shoot g Art ille y : bows a arrows.

m en Scat hlock . Will Scadlock . Will Scarlet (someti es writt ) l a d n of a monast e was A curt al friar . The vegetab e g r e ry f e uen ly alled a curt ile and t he monk in charge of it was a cur r q t c , m n n a curt iler le or curt ilarius . Our cu t al a ea s he ti r, r fri r t

- is monk who se es as k t chen a dene for hi s con en . , a rv i g r r v t A C st e c an m onast e nea R on in Yo ksh e Abb e . y i r i ry r ip r ir , most ext ensive and t he most picturesque monastic ruin in

(Baedeker. )

50 NOTE S t ha ells of a kn h Sir Ro e o f D enkesl or Don s com t t ig t, g r y ( ca ter) , monl called Red Ro e who had eat nﬂuence o e t he o ess y g r, gr i v r pri r , In he alla and who e suaded her t o her evil act . t b d given he e p r r , Robin dies q uietly within K irkly- Hall ; in t he other he tries t o escape t h ou h a sho - w ndow when Red Ro er t oo cowa dl t o a ack r g t i , g , r y tt “ him wh le he had his s en Comes u and hrus s him h ou h i tr gth, p t t t r g ” k- hi de R do no di a h t he m l w e s . o n es t e t once owe e but i t i bi , v r, ’ mana es t o cu Red Ro e s head om his ho ld Th n L le g t g r fr s u ers . e itt ohn who a es t oo lat e t o de end his mas e e s as he e t o be J , rriv f t r, b g , r , allowed t o u n K irkl but Ro n e uses t o coun enance such a b r y , bi r f t e en e r v g . M a t n Pa ke in t he allad t ha he calls A True Tale o Robin r i r r , b t f Hood a ees t hat Ro in went , gr b

Un o a nunne w t h nt en t ry , i i t ’ For his healt h s sake t o leed b ,

’ but takes t he blame for hi s death off t he prioress shoulders and as “ “ ” a a t hl ess e a t eache ous l h cribes it t o f i fry r, r r eec . Ye t t he o ess is not le en el out of t he s o for we are h old t h pri r ft tir y t ry , t at t at

His o es t he o es of t he la c rp pri r p ce, ’ The ne da t ha he d d xt y t y , Caused t o be u ed in mean as b ri , c e, lose t he h hwa s d C by ig y i e .

And over him she caused a stone To be ﬁxed on t he ground; An e a h was set he eon pit p t r , e n m wa o nd Wher in his a e s f u .

T s wom n hou she did him ha e hi a , t gh t , Ye t loved his memory ; And t hought it wondrous pit t y t hat H t h h d is fame should wi im ye .

Th s e a as eco ds t ell i pit ph, r r , W t h n t h s hund ed ears i i i r y , B man was d sce ned well y y i r , Bu m all h n s out wear t ti e t i g es. NOTE S 1 5 1

K INMONT WILLIE (Page 98)

o alone of t he early ballad collec o s gives us K inmont Willie Sc tt t r , and his zeal f—or it s preservat ion was unq uest ionably due t o t he fact ha it s he o Wal e S o o f B an holm t he L a d of Buc t t r Sir t r c tt r x , ir — cl uc elon ed t o his own am of co hou h he was not t he e h b g f ily S tts , t g ’ o d ances o p et s irect t r . K inmont W llie was no o ous o d de om ea s i a t ri B r er rai r, s e ﬁfty y r of a a he im e Of h e lo The n l sh had o en sou h t o ge t t t t is xp it . E g i ft g t a h d n d in a h T wa d k him but e ha e e een ca u e . o s t e , v r b pt r f ir ﬁg t r ’ t he end of Queen Elizabet h s reign t he E nglish Warden of t he West M a es was Lo d Sc oo t he Scot sh Sir Wal e co L a d of rch r r p ; ti , t r S tt, ir B M n w n s came e o e ese wa dens for t l men u leuc . a o t h s e cc h y r g b f r r et t, and minor disputes were in many instances referred t o deputies “ ’ when t he warden s them selves were busied in regard t o their Princes ” h in n n n a R s v e or e a a e dis ac o s . O o e occ s on o e er ic , t ir priv t tr ti i b rt f H n f B l n M r ak l l co o a n de u or ucc euch a d . S e de or Sa S tt y g , p ty , a ( kelde of Cum e land de u for Lo d c oo met on t he ounda ) b r , p ty r S r p , b ry l ne n t he t w coun f an c on of u n Ac i betwee o tries or t he tr sa ti b si ess . co d n t o us om a uce was ocla med t o co e t he ac ual me r i g c t , tr pr i v r t ti of meeting and enough t ime t hereaft er t o enable both t he principals R l n on and their respect ive followers t o gain their homes . e yi g up ' s u e K inmont W ll e whose eal name was W ll am A ms on thi tr c , i i ( r i i r tr g of K inmout h a e a end n u on Sco t at t he con e ence ode ) , ft r tt i g p t f r , r

L h m nl h m n akelde the towards o e with o y t ree or four co panio s . S “ ” — fause Sakelde of t he ballad seeing thi s much- wanted man so un ua ded oke t he uce and u su n him w some t wo hun g r , br tr , p r i g ith h m n d ed o se e mad him sone and ca ed him t o Ca lisle . The r r , e pri r rri r ou a e was at once e o ed t o Buccleuch who dem nded of Sakelde tr g r p rt , a a he elease his one Sakelde e l ed a so m o an a th t r pris r . r p i th t i p rt t ca ould not be en o e at t he w ll of a de u but t he ptive c giv v r i p ty , that ue on mu e dec l h u leu a q sti st b ided by t he Eng is warden . B cc ch p eal d t o Lo d oo se o t he case e le l and o p e r Scr p, tting f rth v ry c ar y pr v ing that Sakelde had been at fault and had captured Armstrong t h ou a d shono a ed t he r gh i r ble breach of t he truce . Scroop regrett mode of ca u e but e used t o ee t he sone w ou an e ess pt r , r f fr pri r ith t xpr o de om his ueen B r r fr q . uccleuch then took t he matt er up with t he “ n l sh am assado t o Sco t land who w o e u ousl t o t he Lo d E g i b r , r t f ri y r oo for edress of he ma e At le t h n all o t t t . n w Scr p the r r g h, e ther 1 5 2 NOTES

’ me hods of o du had a led Sco l nd s n m d dem n t pr ce re f i , t a ki g a e a d of ’ t he E n l sh ueen for A ms on s elease but t he ssue hun ﬁ g i q r tr g r , i g re for so lon t ha Buccleuch w a of wa n and lea n n ha g t , e ry iti g , r i g t t Car l sa l de ded o ff e sle was su e t u . The ll i rpri b , ci e ect a r sc e ba ad tells t he o st ry . ri A la us ou s de of C l Ha b e e . p ce j t t i arlis e used by the E ng l sh wa dens as t he ofﬁc l s en of e ecu on for Bo de t es asse s i r ia c e x ti r r r p r . In The La o the Last Minstrel W m of o n sa w en y f illia Del rai e ys, h a ked he can ead s if r ,

Le t e nor l ne know I ne e a one t r i v r , ’ We e t m ne k- e se at Hair r y c v r ibee .

- Liddel ack . The o d Of t he e Liddel wh ch he e o ms r f r riv r , i r f r n an c t l n part of t he boundary bet ween Engla d d S o a d. h B c l h K e eper. Warden ; in t is case Lord u c euc of Branx h lm Branxhohn or B anksome is ne H w k in Ro u h o . sh e ( r ) ar a ic xb rg ir , n o h B l ch am and still belo gs t t e ucc eu f ily . ’ l l uck t he le ow. Ta en t he t ab e . Str tab a b

. Bo e le no fa om B an holm Th St obs A rd r cast t r fr r x . e ll o s t he A m on and t he o w in man en e ses E i t , r str gs Sc tts ere y t rpri t o e g ther.

Marchmen . welle s on Bo de . 5 . D r the r r ‘

Brok en men. Men oi no clan ou laws a a onds 5 . ; t ; v g b .

- l or oodhous le . A Bo de es Woodhouse ee, W e e r r tate be lon n t o Buccleuch gi g . ’ B t l A m on em w e a e ab e land. s all t ract the extr e est rn Bo de cla med o n and n Sco land W t hou e ed t h l a d . r r, i by b E g t i t s ttl o e nmen it s nh a an s we e for t he mos a w ld and law g v r t, i bit t r , t p rt, i l h n w n he wo coun es 1 2 e . a e ss T e la d s parted b twee t t tri in 55 .

D ckie of Dr ho e . R d A ms ron of Dr ho e . i i 5 y p char r t g y p , a ela of K nmon r tive i t Willie .

- haw n lo . t an haw St aneshaw bank . See i the g ssary S es ank would mean a low s on nk and was o a l n m b , t y ba , pr b b y the a e given t o a certain ford Of the river Eden .

Fi e . L h n n r ig t i g .

The en en ads. Le ad. lead roof ; freq u tly writt le “ ’ 0 wha dare me ddle wi m e? a well- known Border tune .

R d R h A m on of Rowanburne . e owan. One of t e r str gs

1 54 NOTE S

‘ ho e of o sa d e oudl It is oll t o seek a p fav r , i v ry pr y , f y gr ce at a grace ’ less Pit t scot t ie s hron l ( C ic es of Scotland . ) The same stanza occurs in Sir Andrew Bart on

F on m men s And w B on ﬁght , y , saye Sir re art , I am hu but I am not sla n rt, i ; ’ I le lay me down and bleed awhile , ’ And h n I le and fﬁ ht a a t e rise g g in .

BEWICK AND GRAHAME (Page 108)

The story centers about an interesting custom of t he days of chiv “ ” “ alr whe e t wo kn h s ecame swo n o he s or o y , r by ig t b r br t r , br t hers ” in a ms t he ak n of a solemn oat h of affec on and su o r , by t i g ti pp rt . Suc a ond was held ecul a l sac ed and t o eak it was an h b p i r y r , br un ’ mitigated disgrace ; hence Christy Grahame s dilemma when called h n he or h a h Th upon t o ﬁg t either his swor brot r is f t er. e ballad has

n o Th num ous o d d - lo g been a fav rite . ere are er br a si e and stall copies of a 1 00 about the ye r 7 . a ame or Gr h Graham (Graeme in the Scottish copies) . The m l as nume ous and owe ul one rs d of in M en w e h . fa i y a r p rf , ﬁ t hear t it The Olde nch of t he am l ema ned in ha lo l but e a n r bra f i y r i t t ca ity , c rt i G aem se led in t he D e a a le Land whe e h we e u ns r es tt b t b , r t ey r by t r E n l h and Sco ch but alwa s w ld and un o e n le hen a s . W t g i t , y i g v r ab last t he t wo countries were united under one king and t he power of t he Bo de Ch e a ns was oken o e e hese G aemes we e r r i ft i br f r v r, t r r n h I el nd and he e u n o dd nde a n of d ba is ed t o r a t ir r t r f rbi en u r p i eath . The incident in this ballad (which Scott places late in t he sixteenth century) must have taken place at a t ime when t he Graemes were h he n l h and at enmi w e c ch on friendly terms wit t E g is ty ith t h S ot .

Cf s n . . ta za 5 5 R B w ck is an anc en name in Cum Sir ob ert Bewick . e i i t m l berland and Northu ber and (Scott) . k f l n C . e Bull Com d o e ual in . li y. ra e, br th r, eq ra bi , page 8 2 lin . 4 , e 9 ’ He s never have . See e 1 6 l n 2 and no e pag , i e 3 t h A c own was a la e sum in t ose da s. 7 . r rg y ’ ld raham e lessl . O G s m n 1 2 W t o . as l ca e d 09 : . an nl 3 y E i y , r y i no heed t o his ho semansh is so full of t he q uarrel t hat he gives r ip . NOTES 1 55 m A bafﬂe d man by t hou I b e . I am brought t o Sha e on

unt .

’ h u . o he f e con ac ed u u e a a n T o s N te t use O t h tr t f t r g i . t r t m To whom I ha e en m o Fait h an d ot h o e . v giv y ath ; m o n e is y sw r broth r . imm r l Con m le as a . L e loon. te ptib r c ’ Learn d t hem well. Com e w e 6 l ne 1 par ith pag 7 , i 5 , nd no te . f bull l m no mo e of our ull O t hy yship et e be . Say r b y uest on of ou ela n h q i r r t io s ip . Com a e is an a w 1 ee n t e . S o t o 5 p r th st z it h 4 . A k k - n k f n ac ward st r e . A a ded o e . our o back h str . C mode n wo d w d r r a kwar .

L dderdale . h d ale L ude dale a Scott as Li desd . Either a r or L dd sdale would be on t he ot t sh s de of t he Bo de L ddesdale i e Sc i i r r, i t o t he n l sh s de Laude dale onl a out t wen miles sout h E g i i , r y b ty ’ inbur h e he eadi n Lo d Grahame s mean n is . W t d g i h it r r g , r i g t he and his son t ogether would have been more t han a match o t hm f r y Scot c en .

THE BATTLE OF OTTE RBURN (Page 1 1 6)

In 1 88 t he co s n e n lon o se an of t he unse ed 3 S t , havi g b e g b rv t ttl cond ons l n in t he no t he n count es of n land c ossed iti prevai i g r r i E g , r o d in t wo a es t he la e d ect ed owa ds Ca l sle t h the B r er p rti , rg r ir t r r i , e sm lle mo n down ow ds Th s la e o ce com osed t he s . a r vi g t ar ea t i tt r f r , p of som ree housand m en unde t he command of mes t he se ond e th t r Ja , c a l of ou l s a ed t he ount unt il d D u ham and E r D g a , h rri c ry it reache r , hen n n su ounded w t le whe e sha sk m s ook t , retur i g , rr Ne cas , r a rp ir i h t la The c h s le but ou l s suc e . S o s w un t o ke t e a p c t ere able ta c t , D g a ceeded in gaining possession of a lance and pennon belonging t o Sir Hen c n knamed Ho u t he eldes son Of t he l of ry Per y ( ic tsp r) , t Ear No um n T h he d. aun n l s ook o rth berla ti g y , he h it al ft, crying t at would lke e c carry it home t o adorn his own tower of Da ith . P r y retorted that he would win it back before Douglas could cross t he — ’ Border that he would t ake it from Douglas s tent that very night . But word was brought in that there were fort y thousand Sco t s in ’ n l nd and umo s ea ha D ou las s and was onl deco E g a , a r r pr d t t g b y a y t o d aw t he e c o ces om t he cast le out t o t he O en elds whe e r P r y f r fr p fi , r , de o e of d kn wo ld be set u on t he w ol un r the c v r ar ess, they u p by h e 1 56 NOTE S H ’ Scot t sh o ce . o s u s ends t he e o e would not e m i f r t p r fri , r f r , p r it him t o a emp t he fulfilling of his word; t he night assed and D ouglas tt t p , ema ned t he ossesso of t he ennon mo n onwa d a ou noon r i p r p , vi g r b t . Percy made no move until he had learned through messengers that t he larger part of t he Scottish army was occupied at Carlisle and little likely t o send any reinforcements t o t he D ouglas; t hen he collected a la e o ce some sa t en ousand men and ma ched no hwa d rg f r ( y th ) r rt r . B h s me D ou las was encam ed at O e u n whe e a as le y t i ti g p tt rb r , r c t and it s de enden lla e a e om se of c lunde p t vi g g v pr i ri h p r . Percy at k nd h a a o h a n h A ac ed him e e a t e le w s u t . t mes one t th r , , b tt f g t ig t ti d m h h m d t o ha e t he ad an a D s e at t es t e o e see e t e . u n a i , i t r, v v g ri g a of t he en a emen is old t he da kness was so dee h t t he p rt g g t , it t , r p t a contestants did not know whether they were striking down friends A n h D ou la a med a hea n m or oes. t le s w o ace ushed f gt g , r ith vy ir , r “ ” n o t he h ckes of t he h shou n Dou las ! D ou las ! and all i t t i t fig t, ti g g g c n him He Wa uck down h ing his me t o follow . s str by t ree spears “ ” l m ll n I die like m foi' f at once and fe l o a y wou ded. e at hers , rt y , “ of a l no n d o kn m he sa d in a eld e t o a be f s c ess. Conceal i , fi b tt , i y ” dea h ad ance m s anda d and a en e m all ! Had een t , v y t r , v g y f it b da l t he s of hose o de s could ha dl ha e een ca ed y ight, fir t t r r r y v b rri out but unde co e of t he da kness few knew wha h , r v r r t Raising t he rallying cry these few inst illed men and essed ha de a a ns t he E n l sh who had o , pr r r g i t g i , j ’ wearied by a long day s march and who now began t o give B da eak he we e in ull et eat lea n eh nd hem y ybr t y r f r r , vi g b i t

Harry Percy and his brother Ralph as prisoners of war. Th There are six ballad versions of The Bat tle of Ot t erburn . e 0 ’ l given here is taken from Scot t s Border Minst re sy.

- Lammas t ide . L mmas is a co u on of loa mass a rr pti f , ha es es al or es al of s u s o me l cele rat ed abo rv t f tiv , f tiv fir t fr it , f r r y b t he first of August . F m t he me of Ro e B uc Dought y Douglas. ro ti b rt r e d n ommanded Sir ames Dou las t o ca his hea t o t he yi g—, c J g rry rt Land a command w ich was not fulfilled hough Sir James — h t trying t o Obey it t he Douglas family plays a prominent pa co h o In co n c on w h t he Bo de ou les we S ttish ist ry . n e ti it r r tr b ’ one W ll am Dou las ir am es s ne hew made i i g , S J p , ’ M a hes a ou 1 6 wa ll am s son ano he rc b t 3 5 ; it s Wi i , t r who e in l figur s this bat t e .

1 5 8 NOTE S

’ speare s portrayal of him in K ing Henry t he Fourth and K ing Richard h co d t e Se n .

l n fell. Fle h a d k F e sh a d n n . 5 . s s i

You swo d. The lance ment oned a o r r i b ve.

. t A m ll 118 :3 7 Ot erburn . s a stream about t hirty miles northwest f a l o Newc st e .

11 : Pe n nd t o ollow Dou l and i . c e s as w n ack h 8 3 9 r y i t f g b t e sword . 1 H 18 : Hi h on Ot t e bu n . Fawdon ll nea he le of 5 7 . g r r i r t cast , Ot e u n is an em nence on wh ch ma et be d sce ned t he es e t rb r , i i y y i r v tig s ” of t he co h cam Scot t S ttis p . ( )

“ ‘

Ye st e en . As a m at t er of ac se e al da s ela sed be r f t, v r y p ween t he s e e of Newcast le and t he a le of t e u n t i g b tt Ot rb r . ’ m o A dre ary drea . Sc tt transcribes Godscroft s account “ of t he a t le mak n D ou las sa us e o e his dea h It is an b t , i g g y , j t b f r t , Old o hec t ha a dead m an shall a n a eld and I ho e will be pr p y t g i ﬁ , p it h h n h accomplis ed t is ig t . T sl f k A o k lan o h e f l nd h e I e o S e . d w c s t t e s o Sco a . y r y , i t t

ir Hu M nt m h d ' d S gh o go ery. T e el est son oi John Lor , n om Bo t h at he and on ou h at t t e u n and acco d Mo t e . s O g ry f r f g t rb r , r ing t o Froissart it was t he fat her and not t he son who m ade Hotspur sone : Tha Sir Hu h was sla n in t he at t le and in t he m anne pri r t g i b , r ’ desc ed in t he ne allad is a es ed C aw o d s Peera e rib xt b , tt t by r f r g , q uoted by Percy . ’ f E l P . o h l l n C . a e c N t t e ea but t he ea s so . r r y r , r ( st anza ’ D las s A oe c conce t on but not t ue t o ac . ou p ti p i , r f t g body was carried back t o Scot land and buried in M elrose Abbey . ’ n f n d a n He wa Percy s captivit y was ot o lo g ur t io . free agaIn and back in command of t he 1 8 and in Oct ober of t hat year he received a new royal 3 9, n i The m one a d for his ansom great ly enlargi g h s powers . y p i r abled Lord M ontgomery t o build t he cast le of Polnoon at E aglesh h in Ayrs ire .

THE HUNTING OF THE CHE VIOT (Page 1 2 1)

(Chevy Chase)

The old song of Chevy Chase is t he favorit e ballad of t he co eo le of E n land and Ben onson used t o sa he had p p g ; J y , NOTE S 1 59

Add on in The S ec a een t he au o of t han of all his wo ks. s t b th r it r ( i , p

The Ballad o Chev Chase. t or NO . 0 o n , 7 , f y ) This version of t he ballad is from a manuscript in t he Bodleian ’ n d i P R li ue O o sl L a at o d and was t e n e c s e s . u ibr ry O f r ri r y bvi y , x , p q n h ha ha e much in comm n The Bat tle of Ot t erburn a d C evy C se v o . F om t he s and o n of hi s o accu ac t he o m e is t o be re r t p i t t ric r y , f r r p e ed but in old s m l c and in V d c u n of t he da s of f rr ; b i p i ity , ivi pi t ri g y

Bo de wa a e Chev Chase is unsu assed. r r rf r , y rp P no e ercy. See t Che o h lls c oss t he Bo de e n a l in No t hum e vi t i r r r , b i g p rt y r b r l n nd l Ro u h h e The ame was mo e a undant a d a part y in xb rg s ir . g r b h n Hunt n was e m ed ac oss t he o de in t e Scottish ra ge . i g p r itt r b r r n e o t en t he providing t he warden on t he other side conse ted . V ry f consent was not asked; t he risk of being caught added t o t he lure of t h o e sp rt .

121: D t D l . ee no e 5 . ough y oug as S t

L et t h hunt in . P en t ha h n n at g rev t t u ti g . “ i i hum nd whi Sh e s t hre e . Th ee di st ct s n No e l c r r ri rt b r a , h still go by t he name of Shires and are all in t he neighborhood of Ch Th I lan hi r o h m hire and B m r u h e o . e are s ds e N re a s a bo o vi t y , , g h ” s e c . ire . (P r y ) — 1 Th l n he n f e o 8 . ese i es are unnecessary t o t se se o t h st ry and se e m e el a addin m l h an T are s ock rv r y s p g t o co p ete t e st za . hey t h as o d f es en e ea e . C . s an a 1 . p r , ft r p t t z 5 ’ Look t i H t o s ee d a h s han d full nigh . e was t he ﬁrst wha was n h at hand h ach of D l nd hi m n . e . t e a o ou as a s e . t ig ; i , ppr g

123 : Twe e d. A e a of h o nda 49 . riv r forming p rt t e b u ry between E n land and o lan g Sc t d . 123 : 0 Tivid l A f T d h . a e . con ac on or eviot ale us as C e 5 tr ti , j t vy means Che o vi t . h H C ase . unt . U on a a t . A p p r ar aside . p t, The all d h H n I a e e s ow con used as o ac e V. b r fir t gr s f t f ts. ry did not ascend t he t h one un l 1 wh le h s nc den esum a l r ti 399, i t i i i t pr b y ook lace in 1 8 t p 3 8 . 126 :1 2 M . an st e n t h M an a t n uck 4 y r ey st rok e . y s ro g blow they str down s a h tr ig t . Of fine Mil M l m n h Th cu an . f fine an wo k e t O i r a s ip . le of M lan was amou in M ddle A ry i f s t he i ges . 60 NOTES

amie our Scot t sh kin . Ano e e o The Sco J i g th r rr r. ttish n a m Ro II no am ki g t this t i e was bert I . ; J es had as yet sat upon t he on But t he ﬁve k n s who uled co land t hr e . i g r S t from 1406 t o 1 54 2 — h ou h t he hea of t he allad e od we e all called am Th t r g rt b p ri r J es. e name was a l ed nd sc m na el t o an Scot t ish kin pp i i i ri i t y y g . ht W an h m Of a mi wane . e e e eans ane man The g y r , a . whole ess on m ns an ow sho a s on man o Sho expr i ea arr t by tr g , an arr w t w h o c it terriﬁc f r e . “ ‘ Tha eau ul l ne t ak n t he d ad man and t b tif i , i g e by the h , ’ will put t he eade in. mind of E neas behavior t owards Lausus whom r r , ” he himsel had la n as he me t o t he escue of h f s i ca r is aged father . Add son in The S ectat or NO 0 on The Ballad o hev h e . C C as . ( i , p , 7 , f y ) Ho s u was not k lled in t h s a t le but l ed t o ex t p r i i b t , iv eri n h h a om H n nd la l in h e ce o e IV . a t e t o e p ig f v r fr ry , r r be aga st t at mona ch and all in t he a le of Sh ews u 1 0 r f b tt r b ry , 4 3 .

128 3 86 To t h e h a d st e el. TO t he st eel head . r . Took he e means s o e see t ake in t he Gloss r tr v , ary . Bishop Percy vouches for t he correctness of t he names llo elon n t o om nen Bo de am l e on de t hat fo w as b gi g pr i t r r f i i s either si . H d H mildon is Gl ndal on of Bat t le of omil on . o in e e e , m n The at t le ou h he e in 1 0 2 t he six wards of Northu berla d . b f g t r 4 The t at em en had no connection with t he battle of Otterburn . s t ’ that Homildon was fought t o avenge Percy s death is Odd as bot h e c and his a he ou h he e t ak n sone A chi ald D ou las P r y f t r f g t t r , i g pri r r b g , D las k lled at t t e u n a ﬁrst cousin of t he James oug i O rb r . ’ That e er b egan t his spurn ! This line is merely a lament h h m t o pad out t e r y e . As Otterburn is about thirty miles from Newcast le nd and Pe c was on a o a in Teviot dale Sco land t he in E ngla r y f r y , , , t h Old men apparen tly did not know t he ground well enoug .

1 6 2 GLOSSARY

b ash i ness cu ch ke ch e co e n for t h r , ll r , r i f , v ri g b aw a e ﬁne andsom head r , br v , , h e bra de at a bra de at one mo e curt al lon y , y , v , be ging t o a kitchen men suddenl ard n t, y g e brit t lin d smem n cu n g, i beri g, tti g uP

b o ues ro shoes of dee de e , die r g , ugh r

di ht doomed o da n b ook en o endu e g , , r i ed ready r , j y , r , di ht o ose con end w h bull o he com an on e ual g , pp , t it y, br t r, p i , q dinna d n burn a small s eam ook , o ot , tr , br dint low s k but nd l , b , i an , a a so tr e ’ oe but t e d n, be aken one s self , targ t t dou ht a e al an b ane a o one g y, br v , v i yg , g , g by t b re cow o y , h use dre e hold out has en suf er , , t , f

ca’ l , cal dale : g f can , did rie canna n o , ca n t e e e e e en e , y ; , ey s car alk s n t ell ales p, , i g t , t - e e bre e , eyebrow ca t n end s , i t eldern, Old cast en cas urled , t, h E rse, t he language of t he G cauld cold , in t he Highlands of Scotland r on ce sere a, an imi a i t t erst rs once , ﬁ t, sound of bells even smoo h well- ﬁnished , t , C st en e Ch s endom hri y , ri t

clave s l Sl , p it, it cleadin cle e din clot hin fad e lums g, , g g , a c y, close enclosure a e ounds , , priv t gr , ou d faem oam sea c rtyar , f , clout ie a ched a ment fain lad leased ladl , p t g r , g , p , g y coﬁ er ches for hold n e he fairlies wonde s ma els , a t i g it r , r , rv ; clothing or valuables comen om d fall su come , c e, arrive , it, be fa’n all , f en couldna ould not fare o , c , g farle new t hin no e y, g, v lty, cout h sa n word osit see fairlies , yi g , y ; GLOSSARY 163

’ fause alse un ust wo t h i n en , f , tr r y , g , giv le e a low n coal honorable g d , g i g fa a h hono lent lanced wen u ckl y, f it , r g , g , t q i y fe e weal t o e a oshawk a sho - w n ed hawk , h, pr p rty , p y g , rt i g ll h ll owd old fe , i side goud, g , g f ll u n owden olden e , skin go de , g , g f nd fin d o on r th e d d essed de ked out e , , eed s g ai , r , f , pr vi i c finikin handsomel d essed amar e ma t he ormu s , y r gr y , gic , f la first en rs of ma c , fi t gi fit fit t a di s on of a son bal e ce fat , , vi i g , gr , lad or s o nd ado n de k out t ry gri , r , c fl fl n i el a ho e ang , u g gr ss , gr y rs fl ee fl t e ea la e fine , y gry , gr t , rg , fl e d ned d en awa u l an em es uous y , frighte , riv y g r y, gry , t p t by fear flot t ere d flu e ed floate d hadna had not , tt r , , flout ss ca elessl mock h ae ha e , pa by r y , , v fore- hamm e sled e hamm e h alden held cele a d r , g r , , br te forlorn lost o e ed half- fou hal - u hel , , f rf it , f b s fou a co sh u el ham e home , S tti b sh , f ae om h an it an ed r , fr g , h g f e e s ed au ul no le ha co r , pirit , be tif , b , p, ver a ous e ellen in an wa h arr t o lunde gr ci , xc t y y y, p r frek e old man al an h e hart of rece fat ha , b ; v i t fig t r g , rt h aud hold kee , , p fu s h o nd r , fu ows roug g u h aule d, d ew rr , r r t n de end lo haw hau h a low e ank y , , c se , g , riv r b h ent au h u s ed , c g t p, eiz ae o h g : g hi e , hig ain se e need ul for suffi ce hi ht was lled was n med g , rv , be f , g , ca , a an e on hi ht om s g , g e g , pr i e an o hind cour eous kn h l g g . s , t , ig t y ar make ause o hind no le ou g , , c , f rce , b y th at ot hosen hose s ock n g , g , , t i gs kn h ough , ee ear o e clo es b o se ho s ed ai d g , pr p rty , th y , i t , r se e st a ale of d en u e a 10 g , t a v t r , man ilk a each e e ce , , v ry int ill in n o , , i t 64 GLOSSARY

nt o in w t h n lease al h i , , i i , f se ood lies , it h e o he le e O r, , pen lain uncult ivat ed t r p , I- wis I- wiss i -w s su el as ound , , y , r y , gr suredl e l let , v ri y , nde e ent o d y hi r, pr v , f rbi let n a, let not aw wa e j , v le en lawn lade o en s ace v , , g , p p im l n l m j , s e der s i p , licht , light

’ lift sk k aim om haimin com n , y , c b ; , bi g lift en l a se k e e ot ect ua d cat ch , ift, r i p, pr , g r , ’ ligh t al h k ll oman s headd ess ma e , ig t e , a w r d light l set l h l set at of net y, ig t y by , nau ht di sda n k m om g , i e b , c b limm e low ase con em t le k em e h n man cham on r, , b , t p ib p , fig ti g , pi lin st o st o ed l n e ed h n , p , pp , i g r kempery, fig t i g l uo t o m o st en d ench li uo k end known iq r, i , r ; q r k en , know ; , t h hide t o d l y , raw b ood kilt a close - la t ed sk each , p i irt r lith e heed hea ken , giv , r ing t o t he knees lit h er la ood- for—no hin h , zy , g t g kirk , churc lookit looked lanced kirt le an unde a ment a shi t , , g , rg r , r ; ’ loon l n l ’ , own , a perso of ow rank ; a woman s gown ; a man s gar a general term of disapproba ment like a doublet on a ascal a o u knicht kn h ti ; r , r g e , ig t low la e flame k e le , b z , , fire y , catt lown , see loon laird t he owne of a home a l fl - t enant l eu n n , r , y , i te a t landholde a lo d r, r

mm s loa - m ass : ha est M La a , f a rv ahound, Mohammed t al a out Au ust st m i m r m fes iv b g ﬁr a r , a e , ore m lan e m l m lane , alone ; y , yse f ak e , m at e conso , rt alone h er lan e he sel alone Ma ch e s on e s or oundar es , , r f r , fr ti r b i lan lon t hink lan ow es ec all t he dist c s alon g , g ; g , gr p i y , ri t g wea be d scont ent ed t he Bo de e ween E n land ry , i r r b t g la lea ed lea ed o e and Sco land p, p , p v r t last en las m a chmen dwelle s in t he Mar , t r , r lavrock la k ches es ec all hose who , r ; p i y t lawin eckonin accoun ll t ook a in t he Bo de aids g , r g , t, bi p rt r r r lade in a o est ma ch - ie s M ch lawnde an o en g f r r part , t he ar es , p le ar lea nin n o mat on re adi ma k a sum of mone no t a , r g , i f r i , r , y ( ness of resource coiiI) eq uivalent t o 1 60 pennies

1 66 GLOSSARY

e i r o ot r ve , bbe sh , cha ge cos r r r , t renisht accou e ed shot - window a o ect n , t r , pr j i g win richt h dow a ba w ndow an o el , rig t , y i , ri rise at s n om come om sic su , pri g fr , fr , ch i e ea sille s l r v , t r r, i ver oundela a son w h an oft sin e s ne s n e en a e wa ds r y, g it , y , , , f r ‘ i c th t r e ea ed e a n sit h s nce r p t r fr i , i rout a owd a no s or dis skait h sca he ha m n u , cr ; i y , t , r , i j ry o de l c owd sk e el sk ll ul r r y r y, i f run s aff skinkle d shone s a kled l g, t , , p r , g it t ered

’ s a s n of t he as t ense ah sli ht a e t o t he ound , ig p t , g , r z gr breviat ion for has slo an a a t le cr or a he g , b t y g t ring ’ ’ s se a S n of t he u u e ense cr f a Sco t sh clan , , ig f t r t ; y O t i an e a on for shall slok en slake slaked abbr vi ti , , sl u sae , so o gh , slew saf t so l h smock an under arment usuall , ft , ig t , g , y l of l sai , so e so e inen r r , r y s n sna no ang, so g w, s w sa k a loose - fit t in sh sowdan sul an r , g irt , t sat set s ait flood es ec all a sudden , p , ; p i y , saut sal flood or eshe , t fr t scant lie sca cel ha dl s auld shoulde , r y , r y p , r soot - f e e un un shed s e d ca ed t o com le on r , p i p , rri p ti

- ir se a maw sea ull spe , ask in uire , g , q se e al diﬁ erent l a ousl s end t o s an t o measu e v r , y , v ri y p , p , r , se e o ec ca e for hence t o et e d , pr t t , r g r a y shat hmont t he measu e om s lent armo , r fr p , r t h i of t he e ended hum s ent s u t ed e t p xt t b pr , p r m of t he alm s urn a k ck t o t he ext re ity p ; p , i f a ou six nches st an e s one a space o b t i , t sh ea se e al mo e han a few st ark s on r, v r , r t , tr g st ean st one sh eare , slice , she en sh n n eau ul eaut st e ar h , i i g , b tif ; b i , frig t ful a en st e ek s t ch g rm ts , ti shent hu st int st o lo e , rt , p , it r ’ shielin e d man s hut st ound a sho t ime a momen g , a h r s , rt , t shoon s oes st our t umult conﬂ ct at le , h , , i , b t ARV 1 6 7

unt il unt ill un o n o , , t , i t u st art s ed u p , tart p

e am ent su el e ul v r , r y , v rily , tr y o d m ke wa out of v i , a y , get the way

wad, would

wae , woe wal an n e on y, i terj cti wan al e colo less , p , r wan as ense of win , p t t

wan e , one want onl a l m y, g y y, errily , care l ssl easil e y , y wa w a lo l p, r p , ﬁt c se y n war, spe d wark wo k , r warlock w d , izar r wa ld, world warst wo s , r t wat , wet we al t o len so as t o lea e , c ch v m arks or wales , we dde en weddi , ng we e ds clo hin , t g we el, well we en hink , t we et , wet we et ie a n , r i y W el e , v ry , right wen d, go wha, who whar whe , re what t en w , hat whut e wh s , i tle wi’ w , ith i ht s on s u d li n W g , tr g , t r y , va a t ; a strong young man win , get 1 68 GLOSSARY

’ win o ome make one s wa wot know knows , g , c , y , , win t o dr 01 s ason e osure wouch e e l ha m , y e by xp , vi , r , r n t o t he air w ang, wro g winna will not w an w un , r g, r g w ss : see I- wis w ld w ld n m al am i y , i a i s, g e wist , knew ith out en w o ae ea e e onl one W , ith ut y , ch, v ry, y, Wodensda ednesd - b ent en y, W ay y , b t won et dwell e st re en es e even last , g , y , y t r , wonde l won rq in r y, de y g wood- wrath an t o t he e ent ont e ond , gry xt y , b y of m dn ss - slaw sla n a e y , i

MAS T E R PI E C ES O F T H E E N G L I S H D RA MA

! SC EL IN he su e s on of F L . Edit ed under t p rvi i E I E H L G , LL ofesso of st o and n l sh Ph . D . . D r r i r g i , P H y E

i erat ure Uni e s t Of enns l an a. L t , v r i y P y v i

M arlowe (Phelps) Middlet on ( Sampson) Chapman (Ellis) M assinger (Sherm an) Beaumont and Flet cher (Schelling) W ebst er and T oum e ur(Tho rndike) Jonson (Rhys) Congreve (A rcher) Go ldsmit h and Sheridan (Demm on)

es esent s t he nc al d amat ist s c o e n pr pri ip r , v ri g ’ English dramat ic hist ory from Marlow e s T ambur ’ laine in I 5 8 7 t o Sheridan s School for Sc andal in 1 ach vo ume c ont a ns fou or five la s select ed 7 7 7 . E l i r p y , f enc t o t he act ua w ort h and ene a nt e est wit h re er e ir l g r l i r , and also bec ause t hey represent t he best effort s of t heir a ho h diffe ent a et es of d am as chosen ut rs in t e r v ri i r . The t e t s follow t he aut ho t at e old ed t ons but fl x ri iv i i , w it h such occasional depart ures as t he result s of rec ent c t cho a sh dem and S ell n and unc uation ri ical s l r ip . p i g p t ha e een mode n ed and obsolet e an d o cc as onal w ords v b r iz , i ef e t o ossa ies Th s m akes t he olumes su t a le r err d t he gl r . i v i b for t he a e a e reader as w el as for t he d anced schola v r g l a v r . fl Each volume is fiIrnished w it h an int roduct ion by a Brit ish or an Americ an scholar of rank dealing wit h t he dramat st and his w o k ach olum e cont a ns a ef i r . E v i bri b o a h cal not e and each la is eceded b an hist or i gr p i , p y pr y cal not e it s sou ce dat e of c om os t on and ot her i , r , p i i , kind ed mat t ers Ade uat e not es are fiIrnished at t he end r . q .

A M E R I C A N B O O K C O M PA NY

(S . 100) N I N E T E E N T H C E N T U RY E N G L I S H PRO S E C rit ic al E ssays

Edit ed w t h Int oduc t i ons and Not es b T HO MAS i r y H . DIC I SO N Ph D and FRE DE RICK W RO E K N , . . , A M As t ant P ofesso s of En l sh Un e s t of . . s s , i r r g i , iv r i y W c ons n is i .

HIS book for c ollege classes present s a series of t en

select ed essa s h c h are n t ended t o t ace t he y , W i i r development of English crit icism in t he ninet e ent h c Th e essa s c ove a deﬁn t e e od an ent ur . d e h t y y r i p ri , x ibi ’ ind dual t of e ach aut ho s m et hod of c c sm In t he ivi i y r rit i i . ’ e ach c ase t hey are t hose m ost t ypical of t he aut hor s c rit c al nc les and at t he same t m e e esent at e of t he i pri ip , i r pr iv

o hi a e The sub ec t - m at t o s crit ical t endencies f s g . j er pr vide int erest ing mat erial for int ensive st udy and class ro om dis cussion and each essa is an exam le of e c ellent t hou h , y p x , g l va n st e . ryi g , y

T he e esent n ot onl t h e aut h o s w ho w t e but ﬂ y r pr y r ri , h h e a ed The essa s t he aut ors w o are t r t . y provide t he ’ best t h n s t hat have een sa d b En land s c t c s on Sw ft i g b i y g ri i i , M acaula and on Em e son on Sc ot t on . , y, r ﬂ The int roduc t ions and n ot es provide t he nec essary bio a h cal m at t e su est ve o nt s for t he use o f t he t e ache gr p i r, gg i p i r in st mulat n di scuss on of t he fo m or c ont ent of t he essa s i i g i r y , and such aids as w ill eliminat e t hose mat t ers of det ail t h at

o t mblin loc ks t o t he st udent Thou h t he might pr ve S u g b . g essa s are in c h onolo ic al o de t he m a be t eat ed at y r g r r , y y r a c o d n t o t he ur ose s of t he t eacher random c r i g p p .

A M E R I C A N B O O K C O M PA NY

A H I S T O RY O F AM E RI C A N L I T E RATU RE

B REU BEN POST ALLEC M y H K, . A

Pr nc p al ale h School Lou sv lle K i i M Hig , i i , y.

’ C O MPANIO N volum e t o t he aut hor s Hist ory of

En l sh L t e at u e It desc es t he e at es ch g i i r r . rib gr t a ieve ment s in Am eric an lit erat ure fi om c olonial t imes t o t he esent lac n em has s not onl u on men but also pr , p i g p i y p , o t e a mo ement s t he c auses of which are ho up n li r ry v , t r ou hl n est i at ed. Fu t he t he relat on of each e od g y i v g r r, i p ri of Americ an lit erat ure t o t he c orres onding e och of p p — English lit erat ure has be en c arefully brought out and each er od is illum nat ed b a b ef su e of it s hist o p i i y ri rv y ry . fl The seven chapt ers of t he book t reat in succ ession of Colon al t e at u e The m e ence of a at on i Li r r , E rg N i - t he New Yo k G ou The Ne n land 1 . l w ( 7 54 r r p, E g G ou Sout he n L t e at u e W est e n t e at u e and t he r p, r i r r , r Li r r , ast e Real st s To t hese are added a su lement a E rn i . pp ry l st of less m o t ant aut ho s and t he chi ef w o ks as well i i p r r ir r , as A Glance Bac kw a d wh ch em has es in ief com ass r , i p iz br p t he most im o t ant t ut hs t au ht b Am e can l t e at u e p r r g y ri i r r . fl At t he end of each chapt er is a summ ary whi ch helps t o fix t he period in mind by briefly reviewing t he m ost sig c ch e ement s Th s is follow ed b e t ens e his nifi ant a i v . i y x iv t orical and l t e ar efe enc es for fin t her st ud b a e i r y r r y, y v ry hel ful l st of su est ed ead n s and b uest ons and p i gg r i g , y q i ’ su est ons des ned t o st mulat e t he st udent s nt e est and gg i , ig i i r ent hus asm and t o le ad him t o st ud and n est i at e fil t i , y i v g t her for himself t he rem arkable lit erary record of American at on nd acc om l shm ent aspir i a p i .

A M E R I C A N B O O K C O M PA NY ’ T E A C H E R S ’ O U T L I N E S FO R STU D I E S I N E N G LIS H

Based o n t he Requirement s for Admission t o College

B G LB RT SY S BLAK ELY A M nst . uct o in y I E KE , . I r r n l sh in t he o s H h School New Yo k C t E g i M rri ig , r i y.

HIS lit t le book is int ended t o pre se nt t o t e achers plans for t he st udy o f t he English t e xt s required for adm ss on t o c olle e hese O ut lines are ﬁll] of i i g . T ins at on and su est on and w ll be w elcom ed b e e pir i gg i , i y v ry a h h h t he t o in o de t o a o d rut s has een live t e c er w o i r , r r v i , b

' obli ed t o c om are not es w t h o t he t e ache s s t classes g p i r r , vi i , o The olume a m s not at a d scuss on of and not e met h ds. v i i i t he nc les of t each n but at an a l cat on of c e t a n pri ip i g, pp i i r i principles t o t he t e aching of some of t he books most ene all ea in schools g r y r d .

“ { IThe reference s by page and line t o t he book under discussion are t o t he t ext s of t he G at ew ay Series; but t he O ut nes c an be used w t h an se es of n l sh class cs li i y ri E g i i . ﬂ C ert ain brief plans of st udy are developed for t he ene a t each n of t he no el na at e oet r c g r l i g v , rr iv p ry, ly i

oet t he d ama and t he essa . The su est ons are p ry, r , y gg i t hose of a act cal t e ache and follow a de n t e scheme pr i r, ﬁ i k st ud d Ther r c ss ons of in each w or t o be ie . e a e dis u i

met hods t o cs for c om os t ons and uest ons for rev ew . , pi p i i , q i i The l st s of uest ons are b no me ans e haust e but i q i y x iv , t hose t hat are en are su est e and t c al giv gg iv ypi . The a end cont a ns t w ent e am nat ons in n l sh ﬂ pp ix i y x i i E g i , for adm ss on t o colle e ecent l set b d ffe ent colle es i i g , r y y i r g in ot h t he ast and t he W est b E .

A M E R I C A N B O O K C O M P A N Y W E BS T E R ’ S S E C O N D A RY S C H O O L D I C T I O N A R Y

F ll uck am 8 o 86 a u v . e s. Cont a n n o e b r , , , 4 p g i i g v r w o ds w t h 10 00 ll r , i i ust rat ions.

S NEW C O NARY W ’ THI DI TI is based on ebst er s New Int ernat ional Dict ionary and t herefore conform s t o t he est esent usa e It esen t s t he la es b pr g . pr rg t number of w ords and phrases ever included in a sc hool dict ionary —all t hose how e e new l kel t o be needed b an u l , v r , i y y y p pi . It is a reference book for t he reader an d a guide in t he use of

En lish ot h o al and w t t en . It lls e e e u ement g , b r ri fi v ry r q ir t hat can be e ect ed of a d ct ona of m oderat e s e xp i i ry iz . fl This new book gives t he preferenc e t o form s of spelling now cu en in t h U n t ed St at es In t he m at t e of ro rr t e i . r p nunciat ion such alt ernat ive s are included as are in very common use ach de n t on is in t he fo m of a s ec fic . E fi i i r p i st at eme t accom an ed b one or m o e s non m s bet w een n p i y r y y , h s m na on is m ad w ich careful di cri i t i e . In add t on t his d ct ona ncludes an unusual amount H i i , i i ry i of supplement ary inform at ion of value t o st udent s: t he et molo s lla cat on and c a t al at on of w ords y gy, y bi i pi iz i ; man o e names f om folklo e m t holo and t he y pr p r r r , y gy, Bible ; a list of prefixes and suflix e s; all irregularly ih flect ed rms rules for s ell n 2 2 l st s of s non m s fo ; p i g ; 3 9 i y y , in which 3 5 I 8 words are c arefii lly discriminat ed; answ ers t o many que st ions on t he use of corre c t E nglish c onst ant ly asked by pupils ; a guide t o pronunciat ion ; abbreviat ions used in w rit ing and print ing ; a list of 1 2 00 foreign w ords and phrases; a dict ionary of 5400 proper names of persons and laces et c p , .

A M E R I C A N B O O K C O M PA NY

’ S . 1 05)

a i ifi in he B kk er r De c d ed us g t oo eep p oce ss . Neut ralizing agent : MagnesiumOxide

Treatment Dat e : J an. 2009 Preservat ionTechnologies AWORLDLEADERINCOLLECTIONS PRESERVATION 111 Thomson Park Omvs ranb r n hi C e ry Tow s p. PA16066 (724) 77 9-2111