Economic Implications for Tasmania of the Proposed National Heritage Listing of the Tarkine Area

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Economic Implications for Tasmania of the Proposed National Heritage Listing of the Tarkine Area Potential Socio- economic implications for Tasmania of the Proposed National Heritage listing of the Tarkine area Tasmanian Government submission to the Australian Government - Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities October 2011 Table of Contents Section Section Heading Page Number Number Executive Summary 3 Introduction 5 1 North-West Region – Economic Data 5 2 Sovereign Risk and Uncertainty 12 3 Existing Mining Projects and Developments 12 4 Review of Adverse Impacts on Future Value Adding 19 Projects (Mining) 5 Potential for New Mineral Discovery in the Area 20 Under Assessment for National Heritage Listing 6 Current Regulation of Mineral Exploration and Mining 22 in Tasmania 7 Tourism Overview 23 8 Forestry 24 Conclusion 25 Attachment Comments from Local Government Authorities 27 1 2 Potential Socio-economic implications for Tasmania of the Proposed National Heritage listing of the Tarkine area Executive Summary As outlined in the Tasmanian Government’s submission to the Australian Heritage Council on the Proposed National Heritage listing, the Tasmanian Government does not agree with the proposed National Heritage values and boundary listing of the area of North-West Tasmania referred to as the Tarkine. The Government has issues with the approach taken to identifying values within the proposed boundary. In addition, pursuant to section 324JJ (5)(b) of the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act, 1999, the Government wishes to draw to the attention of the Minister that it believes serious immediate and long term social impacts should be taken into account which would occur in an already depressed region of Tasmania resulting from the closure of key industries such as mining and forestry. This will impact have flow on effects to the rest of the State. Some of the key economic and indicators for the region are: The mining industry in this region represents 73 percent of the State’s total mining industry and is valued at $609 million; The north-west region’s share of Tasmanian Gross State Product (GSP) has been estimated at $5,031 million, or around 21.6 percent of Tasmanian GSP; The unemployment rate in the north-west has consistently been the highest in the State, and by a relatively wide margin; Direct job losses over the last two years in forestry agriculture and manufacturing changes are estimated to be more than 1,000. The indirect impact is significantly greater; The outcome of the ongoing process known as the Inter Governmental Agreement on forestry will have an ongoing impact on employment beyond recent job losses; 40.5 percent of households in the North-West earn $649 per week ($33,700 per year) or less, compared with 37.3 percent of Tasmanian households; and The industries affected especially mining are a critical offset to the pressures on other industries such as manufacturing flowing from the high value of the Australian dollar. The inclusion of the Tarkine area on the National Heritage list will not only directly affect mining developments in the area but also significantly increase the perceived level of sovereign risk in the Tasmanian minerals sector and damage the investment reputation of Tasmania. Evidence of this is provided by the annual Fraser Institute Survey of Mining Companies. The Tasmanian Government has had discussions with the existing mining companies who are likely to be impacted by a listing. These companies clearly believe that both risks and costs will substantially increase due to increased approval times and other costs due to additional compliance requirements, and it clear that this will dampen, if not stop, much needed exploration and development in the area. 3 Some companies have indicated that they will cease current activities if the listing occurs in relation to their area of interest. Others have indicated they may seek compensation for investments in developments if new approval requirements are necessary and / or work has to cease. Mineral Resources Tasmania (MRT) providing advice from within Government, notes that there is a precedent for such compensation. The general industry consensus is that in the medium term the Tasmanian mining industry will gradually decline as existing mines are exhausted and new mines or extensions to mines are inhibited by the wide ranging values of wilderness and aesthetics. In terms of future alternative industries, the forestry sector is currently retracting and it will be sometime yet before the full impact of existing process are known. The tourism industry is often promoted as the replacement industry for other industries that have been impacted by environmental restrictions as it is viewed as many by being more environmentally neutral. However, the Tasmanian tourism industry, like much of the non-mining export sector, is currently stagnating under the weight of the high Australian dollar and increased competition from alternative destinations. There are undoubtedly some specific tourism opportunities in the region, but it is highly unlikely that this industry would be able to replace the value of the existing industry, especially mining, in the short to medium term. The Tasmanian Government does not support some of the values claimed for the Tarkine, given the long history of disturbance and human activity across the region and has already made its views plain. In addition, for social and economic reasons, the Tasmanian Government strongly opposes the placing of the Tarkine area on the National Heritage list. The Government believes it would have the effect of producing significant negative economic and social impacts on the community and economy of North-West Tasmania, an area already under major stress. There would also be significant impacts on the Tasmanian economy generally. The listing would seriously damage the future growth of the mining sector and will potentially see billions of dollars’ worth of economic activity and investment projects lost to Tasmania. In effect this action could mean that Tasmania would be prevented from enjoying any of the fruits of the national mining boom, while being left to suffer the negative high exchange rate consequences on its other engines of prosperity. 4 Potential Socio-economic implications for Tasmania of the Proposed National Heritage listing of the Tarkine area Introduction: The area of North-West Tasmania referred to as the Tarkine is currently under consideration for inclusion on the National Heritage List by the National Heritage Council. The National Heritage Council will assess whether the area meets the National Heritage List criteria. In addition to heritage values, pursuant to section 324JJ(5)(b) of the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act, 1999, (EPBCA) the Tasmanian Government believes that any assessment of the Tarkine area by the Minister for the Environment and the Australian Government needs to consider the adverse socio-economic impacts that National Heritage Listing will have for the region, its communities, the Tasmanian mining sector and the Tasmanian economy as a whole. Of prime concern are the direct detrimental impacts on the Tasmanian mining and minerals processing sectors. The mining sector forms one of the four economic pillars for the state, along with agriculture, tourism and forestry and is therefore immensely important to Tasmania’s economic prospects. The area under consideration for listing is one of the most highly-mineralised prospective areas in Australia. The National Heritage assessment is occurring at a time of significant economic downturn in Tasmania. In particular, the North-West of the state has been hard hit by a number of economic factors including large job losses in the manufacturing and forestry sectors. Mining is one of the few bright prospects in a small regional economy hard hit by the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and the high exchange rate for the Australian dollar. 1. North-West Tasmania Region – Economic Indicators The North-West region of Tasmania covers an area of 22, 496 square kilometers (around one third of the State’s total land area). As at 30 June 2010, the region’s population was 112, 789 persons - 22.2 percent of the State’s total population. Economy The North-West manufacturing sector accounts for 27 percent of the total State industry, but its mining industry is estimated to represent 73 percent of the State’s total mining industry. This demonstrates not only the importance of the mining sector to the north-west region, but the importance of the north-west to the State as a whole. The north-west’s mining industry is valued at $609 million. 5 The north-west region’s share of Tasmanian Gross State Product (GSP) has been estimated at $5,031 million, or around 21.6 percent of Tasmanian GSP.1 The following chart estimates each industry’s contribution to the region’s total value added: Labour Force Labour force participation has been low and unemployment high in comparison to the national average. The participation rate in the North-West region fell sharply in late 2009 and it remains significantly below the participation rates in the other regions and for the State as a whole. Total employment in the North-West region was estimated at 50,200 persons in the year to June 2011 (year-average, original terms), which was 21.1 percent of total State employment. As the chart below reveals, employment growth in the region has generally lagged behind that of the State and even further behind the nation as a whole since early 2008. As well as this, the region suffered a sharp fall in employment in the aftermath of the GFC. 1 Estimate from Compelling Economics’ REMPLAN model of regional economic analysis program. 6 7 Source: ABS, The Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, Quarterly, Cat No 6291.0.55.003 The unemployment rate in the North-West has consistently been the highest in the State, and by a relatively wide margin. The situation is even worse when comparison is made with the national numbers and the effect of the low participation rate considered.
Recommended publications
  • Cradle Coast Natural Resource Management
    CRADLE COASTNRMANNUAL REPORT 2015-16 22015015 22016016 ANNUAL REPORT MANAGEMENT NATURAL RESOURCE CRADLE COAST 1 Cradle Coast NRM Annual Report 2015-2016 Copyright © Cradle Coast Authority 2016 No part of this publication may be reproduced without the express prior permission of the publisher. Published by: Cradle Coast Authority PO Box 338 Burnie TAS 7320 Ph: 03 6433 8400 [email protected] www.cradlecoastnrm.com www.facebook.com/cradlecoastnrm This report is produced to fulfi l the statutory reporting obligations of the Cradle Coast NRM Committee under the Tasmanian Natural Resource Management Act 2002. The Committee is required to report on its activity to the Minister for Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. This report covers the period from 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2016. The Cradle Coast NRM Committee acknowledges the fi nancial support provided to it by the Australian and Tasmanian Governments. CONTENTS 4 Foreword 7 Introduction 8-10 Cradle Coast NRM Staff and Committee 12 Executive Off icer Report 14 Cradle Coast NRM Strategy Summary Cradle Coast NRM 2015/2016 Program Overview Sustainable Environment 16-17 Restoring and Maintaining Urban Waterways and Coastal Environments 18-19 Conserving and Protecting Species and Eco-Systems 20-21 Community Skills, Knowledge and Engagement Sustainable Agriculture 25 Regional Landcare Facilitator 26-27 Productive Landscapes 28 Building Indigenous People’s Capacity in NRM 29-33 Cradle Coast NRM Financial Statements 34 Thank You CRADLE COAST NRM ANNUAL REPORT 2015-16 3 FOREWORD I present the Annual Report clear that there is a crucial role for on our committee and staff , whose for 2015/16 on behalf of the regional NRM in supporting the impact experience, knowledge and passion Cradle Coast Natural Resource assessment and recovery actions.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Explorer
    Travelling times and distances, based on safe speed and good road conditions Due to the remote and rugged Experience Tasmania’s Smithton – Marrawah: terrain of this region, some unique western wilderness roads are narrow and winding. 45 minutes / 49 km / 90 kmh / sealed The Western Explorer route links Stanley in the North West WESTERN Marrawah – Arthur River: Many of these roads are to Strahan on the West Coast and takes you through some 10 minutes / 12 km / 80 kmh / sealed unsealed and therefore of the State’s most beautiful and isolated areas. susceptible to the varying EXPLORER Road travellers can expect a unique experience, exploring Arthur River – Couta Rocks: weather conditions. 20 minutes / 18 km / 70 kmh / unsealed a region steeped in early mining history, surrounded by wilderness and remarkable scenery. The landscape is wild Couta Rocks – Blackwater Road: West Coast Wilderness Drive Smithton to Strahan and rugged with a climate that can vary from snow to 15 minutes / 16km / 70 kmh / unsealed brilliant sunshine in one day. Blackwater Road – Lindsay River: During wet weather, roads This guide provides you with valuable information about 20 minutes / 21 km / 70 kmh / unsealed can become slippery, flooded or potholed. Unsealed roads the road conditions between Stanley and Strahan, however Lindsay River – Corinna: can become extremely dusty be prepared: If you break down, the roads are isolated and 90 minutes / 57 km / 40 kmh / unsealed during dry periods. you may experience a long delay before another traveller or assistance comes. Arthur River – Corinna: For your safety and comfort 2 hrs 15 minutes. it is wise to check road and Arthur River – Zeehan: weather conditions before 3 hrs 15 minutes.
    [Show full text]
  • Reimagining the Visitor Experience of Tasmania's Wilderness World
    Reimagining the Visitor Experience of Tasmania’s Wilderness World Heritage Area Ecotourism Investment Profile Reimagining the Visitor Experience of Tasmania’s Wilderness World Heritage Area: Ecotourism Investment Profile This report was commissioned by Tourism Industry Council Tasmania and the Cradle Coast Authority, in partnership with the Tasmanian Government through Tourism Tasmania and the Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service. This report is co-funded by the Australian Government under the Tourism Industry Regional Development Fund Grants Programme. This report has been prepared by EC3 Global, TRC Tourism and Tourism Industry Council Tasmania. Date prepared: June 2014 Design by Halibut Creative Collective. Disclaimer The information and recommendations provided in this report are made on the basis of information available at the time of preparation. While all care has been taken to check and validate material presented in this report, independent research should be undertaken before any action or decision is taken on the basis of material contained in this report. This report does not seek to provide any assurance of project viability and EC3 Global, TRC Tourism and Tourism Industry Council Tasmania accept no liability for decisions made or the information provided in this report. Cover photo: Huon Pine Walk Corinna The Tarkine - Rob Burnett & Tourism Tasmania Contents Background...............................................................2 Reimagining the Visitor Experience of the TWWHA .................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • Tarkine Coast Expedition 6 Days | 58 Km Walking the Remote and Wild Tarkine Coastline
    TARKINE COAST EXPEDITION 6 DAYS | 58 KM WALKING THE REMOTE AND WILD TARKINE COASTLINE There is something awe inspiring about a remote coastline at the edge of the earth. The rugged, windswept takayna / Tarkine coastline showcases the true beauty and power of a wilderness landscape. The Tarkine coastline is not only breathtaking, but the expansive ocean beaches, remote rivers and huge surf create a powerful backdrop for your Tarkine Coast Expedition walking adventure. It is a place of huge historical significance in Australia, with an Aboriginal history dating back thousands of years. Evidence of the Tarkiner people, after whom the takayna / Tarkine is named, still remain dotted all over the coastline with some of the largest middens ever found in Australia along our expedition. The Tarkine Coast Expedition is completed in full respect and acknowledgment of the Aboriginal people of Tasmania. All care is taken to ensure their relics and cultural histories are respected and maintained in the way that they wish. www.tarkinetrails.com.au [email protected] 1300 133 278 #tarkinetrails WHAT’S INCLUDED IMPORTANT NOTES • 2 professional wilderness guides. Your 6 Day Tarkine Coast Expedition is graded as a • 5 nights camping. challenging tour. We advise you to do as much training • 5 breakfasts, 6 lunches & 5 dinners. as you can before your tour. The more you train for the • Transport to and from Launceston. walk the easier you will handle the terrain and the more • Pieman River boat transfers. you will enjoy this wonderful part of the world. It’s also • Tent and sleeping mat.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Centre for Environmental Law
    Australian Centre for Environmental Law Best practice heritage identification and protection, Australia’s national heritage regime and the Tarkine Deb Wilkinson and Andrew Macintosh Australian Centre for Environmental Law ANU College of Law ACEL Working Paper March 2011 1. Introduction The Australian National Heritage List (NHL) was established in January 2004 to record, protect and conserve the natural, cultural and Indigenous heritage values associated with places of national significance. As originally envisaged, its role was to fill the gap in the heritage hierarchy between the world and state heritage regimes. The universal values of world heritage properties are listed and protected under the federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conversation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). State and local government heritage laws provide for the recording, protection and conservation of places of state, regional and local importance. They also protect places of national significance but do so through the lens of state and local interests. The NHL was supposed to provide a single, comprehensive list of places of national significance, which fall between those of world and state importance, and ensure the values of those places are adequately protected and conserved. While there was a coherent logic behind the role of the NHL, its creation was controversial. Previously, the principal federal heritage legislation was the Australian Heritage Commission Act , which was created by the Whitlam Labor Government in 1975. This Act established the Australian Heritage Commission, an independent statutory authority that was responsible for the maintenance of the Register of the National Estate (RNE). The object of the RNE was to provide a comprehensive record of natural and cultural sites ‘that have aesthetic, historic, scientific or social significance or other special value for future generations as well as for the present community’.
    [Show full text]
  • Aboriginal Society in North West Tasmania:Dispossession And
    ~boriginal Society in North West Tasmania: Dispossession and Genocide by Ian McFarlane B.A. (Hons) submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Tasmania October 2002 Statement of Authorship This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for a degree or diploma by the _University or any other institution, except by way of background information and duly acknowledged in the thesis and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, no material previously published or written by another person, except where due acknowledgment is made in the text of the thesis. 31 lf?~?.. Zoo-z.. Signed ...... /~ .. ~ .. 'f.-!~.. D at e ..............................t.,. .. Statement of authority of access This thesis may be made available for loan and limited copying in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. stgne. d............................................... J._ ~~-1-- . 19 March 2002 Abstract Aboriginal Society in North West Tasmania: Dispossession and Genocide As the title indicates this study is restricted to those Aboriginal tribes1 located in the North West region of Tasmania. This approach enables the regional character and diversity of Aboriginal communities to be brought into focus; it also facilitates an . ex:a.miJ,lation of the QJlique process of dispossession that took place in the North West region, an area totally under the control of the Van Diemen's Land Company (VDL Co). Issues dealing with entitlement to ownership and sovereignty will be established by an examination of t~e structure and function of traditional. Aboriginal Societies in the region, as well as the, occupation and use they made of their lands.
    [Show full text]
  • Northwest Tasmania Groundwater
    300000mE 350000mE 400000mE 450000mE MINERAL RESOURCES TASMANIA CAPE WICKHAM Tasmania Disappointment DEPARTMENT of INFRASTRUCTURE Cape ENERGY and RESOURCES Farewell Bay 5600000mN NORTHWEST TASMANIA 5600000mN GROUNDWATER MAP PHOQUES Lavinia Pt BAY New Year Is Christmas Is PERCENT PERCENTAGE AVERAGE SALINITY PROSPECTIVITY NUMBER MAXIMUM IRRIGATION VULNERABILITY TO POLLUTION AQUIFER TYPE (Whole of Tasmania) ROCK GROUPS SUCCESSFUL YIELD (L/s) RANGE GENERAL AQUIFER CHARACTERISTICS OF BORES YIELD (L/s) SUCCESSFUL (mg/L) (YIELD >0.03) # (YIELD >=1.5) Whistler Pt Quaternary aeolian deposits marginal to the coast 60 95 0.65 (11) 1.3 0 270 - 980 These aquifers are contained in surface sand deposits of limited thickness - usually up to a maximum thickness of 10-15 metres, but often much less. Yields depend on grain High. consisting of fine to medium grain size sand. POROUS size, clay content and the thickness of saturated material. Yields decrease with an increase in the clay content. Groundwater is usually extracted from these aquifers using spear (INTERGRANULAR) HIGH bores installed to a depth of 7-8 metres. A single spear in a prospective area may yield 0.75 L/s (e.g. Currie area) which would be sufficient for domestic, garden, and stock use. A nest of spear bores (10-20) using a central pump may yield irrigation or small town supplies (7-15 L/s). Significant extraction from these deposits takes place at Currie, where the town supply comes from dune sand, and at Stanley where the golf club installed a system to water the course. Other areas including Woolnorth, Stanley, Arthur River and Peggs Beach have proved to have potential for useful supplies.
    [Show full text]
  • This Is Tasmania Nature
    THIS IS TASMANIA NATURE Dove Lake, Cradle Mountain NATURE It makes natural sense. After InternatioNAl all, this is a treasure island of TREASURES 4 World Heritage Area sites with ADVENTURE ISlAND 6 national parks encompassing DEVIlS oF A TIME 8 an astounding one fifth of ABoVE AND BEYoND 10 Tasmania’s total area. To top WATERWAYS, WIlDERNESS, that there’s more than 1,000 WIlDlIFE 12 mountains to explore, including WAlKS oN THE WIlDSIDE 14 one right in the backyard of go WITH THE FloW 16 the biggest city. What better THE PERFECT CAST 18 environment, then, for a range ITINERARIES & MAP 20 of mild to wild adventures from wilderness walks to wildlife- spotting, dam abseiling to river cruising. Bishop & Clerk, Maria Island 4 NATURE NATIoNAl PARKS 5 Lake Dove, Cradle Mountain Russell Falls, Mt Field National Park INTERNATIoNAl TREASURES World Heritage Area (WHA) sites around the world that encompass 1.38 million hectares, or a staggering 20 diversity of habitats and ecosystems for plants and animals Field National Park, close to Hobart is one of the island’s tend to meet only a few of the 10 criteria required for per cent of the island. While much of this is superbly wild that are found nowhere else on earth. The Douglas- most popular parks and a dreamworld of waterfalls and their prestigious UNESCO listing. But only two locations and tantalisingly remote, parts of it are easy to discover. Apsley National Park, near Bicheno on Tasmania’s east mountain scenery. The South Bruny National Park meet seven of them – one is in China and the other is Effortless access points include Cradle Mountain and coast, features the Lookout Track Circuit, which takes just boasts a striking beach which runs to an elevated cape in, yes, Tasmania.
    [Show full text]
  • Tarkine Tasmania 27 January–6 February 2015
    Tarkine Tasmania 27 January–6 February 2015 Bush Blitz Species Discovery Program Tarkine, Tasmania 27 January–6 February 2015 What is Bush Blitz? Bush Blitz is a multi-million dollar partnership between the Australian Government, BHP Billiton Sustainable Communities and Earthwatch Australia to document plants and animals in selected properties across Australia. This innovative partnership harnesses the expertise of many of Australia’s top scientists from museums, herbaria, universities, and other institutions and organisations across the country. Abbreviations ABRS Australian Biological Resources Study ANIC Australian National Insect Collection CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation DPIPWE Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment (Tasmania) EPBC Act Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Commonwealth) QM Queensland Museum TMAG Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery TSP Act Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 (Tasmania) UNSW University of New South Wales Page 2 of 32 Tarkine, Tasmania 27 January–6 February 2015 Summary A Bush Blitz survey was conducted in various reserves in the Tarkine region in north-western Tasmania between 27 January and 6 February 2015. The Tarkine region can be defined roughly as the area bounded by the Southern Ocean to the west, the Arthur River to the north, the Pieman River to the south, and the Murchison Highway to the east. Reserves in the region that were surveyed included: Arthur-Pieman Conservation Area, Donaldson River Nature Recreation Area, Meredith Range Regional Reserve, Pieman River State Reserve, Savage River National Park, Savage River Pipeline Regional Reserve, and Savage River Regional Reserve. The Bush Blitz also extended slightly to the south of this area, with some surveys conducted in Mount Dundas Regional Reserve and Mount Heemskirk Regional Reserve.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of the Freshwater Fish Fauna of the Tarkine Region, North-West Tasmania
    Bush Blitz – Tarkine Region North-West Tasmania, 27 January to 6 February 2015 A survey of the freshwater fish fauna of the Tarkine region, north-west Tasmania 27 January – 6 February 2015 Submitted: 26 March 2015 Scott Hardie Page 1 of 29 Bush Blitz – Tarkine Region North-West Tasmania, 27 January to 6 February 2015 Contents Contents .................................................................................................................................. 2 List of contributors ................................................................................................................... 3 Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 4 2. Methods .......................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Site selection ............................................................................................................. 6 2.2 Collection methods .................................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 General methods .................................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Methods used at standard survey sites ................................................................... 8 2.3 Identifying the collections .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Public Environment Report Tarkine Forest Drive Tasmania Reference: EPBC 2011/6210 Table of Contents
    Draft Public Environment Report Tarkine Forest Drive Tasmania Reference: EPBC 2011/6210 Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................. i 1. General information ..................................................................................... 1 1.1 Title of the action ............................................................................... 1 1.2 Proponent ......................................................................................... 1 1.3 Objective .......................................................................................... 1 1.4 Location ........................................................................................... 1 1.5 Background to the development of the proposed action ................................. 3 1.6 Outcomes and benefits of the proposed action ............................................ 3 1.7 Project justification ............................................................................. 6 1.8 Budget and costs ................................................................................. 9 1.9 Other known actions in the region ........................................................... 9 1.10 Consequences of not proceeding with the action ....................................... 13 2. Description of the action ............................................................................. 15 2.1 Construction programming approach ...................................................... 17 2.2
    [Show full text]
  • Extinction of the Thylacine
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.18.427214; this version posted January 19, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Main Manuscript title: Extinction of the Thylacine. 2 3 Authors: Barry W. Brook1,2*, Stephen R. Sleightholme3, Cameron R. Campbell4, Ivan Jarić5,6 4 and Jessie C. Buettel1,2. 5 6 Affiliations: 7 1 School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001 Australia. 8 2 ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH). 9 3 Project Director - International Thylacine Specimen Database (ITSD), 26 Bitham Mill, 10 Westbury, BA13 3DJ, UK. 11 4 Curator of the online Thylacine Museum: http://www.naturalworlds.org/thylacine/ 8707 Eagle 12 Mountain Circle, Fort Worth, TX 76135, USA. 13 5 Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České 14 Budějovice, Czech Republic. 15 6 University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecosystem Biology, České 16 Budějovice, Czech Republic. 17 *Corresponding author: [email protected] 18 19 Author Contributions: B.W.B., S.R.S., C.R.C. and J.C.B. conceived the project and developed 20 the database, B.W.B. performed the data analysis and wrote the paper, B.W.B., I.J. and J.C.B. 21 created the display items. All authors discussed the draft structure, results, and interpretation, and 22 commented on the manuscript.
    [Show full text]