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ED 013 312 VT 001 SSG MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY,DESIGN AND PRODUCTION, A SUGGESTED t..YEAR POST HIGH SCHOOLCURRICULUM. OFFICE OF EDUCATION,WASHINGTON, D.C. REPORT NUMBER 0E-$0019 PUB DATE 64 CMS PRICE MF-$0.50 HC-$4.44 111P.

DESCRIPTORS- *ENGINEERINGTECHNICIANS, *CURRICULUM GUIDES, *TRADE AND INDUSTRIALEDUCATION, *TECHNICAL EDUCATION, CURRICULUM, *MECHANICS(PROCESS), *BIBLIOGRAPHIES, PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT, INSTRUCTIONALMATERIALS, EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES,

THE PURPOSE OF THISCURRICULUMHGUIDE IS TO ASSIST ADMINISTRATORS, SUPERVISORS, ANDTEACHERS TO PLAN AND DEVELOP ! -YEAR POST-SECONDARYEDUCATION PROGRAMS IN MECHANICAL DESIGN AND PRODUCTION. TECHNICALMATERIALS WERE DEVELOPED BY AN INSTITUTE STAFF FOR THEWISCONSIN STATE BOARD FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION UNDER CONTRACTTO THE U.S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION (USOE) AND INCLUDE SUGGESTIONSFROM OTHER INSTITUTIONS. ENGINEERS, EDUCATORS, ANDUSOE STAFF MEMBERS REVIEWED THE MATERIALS PRIOR TO PUBLICATION.THE CURRICULUM IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE MAXIMUM TECHNICALINSTRUCTION IN THE TIME ALLOTTED, AND SUPPORTING SCIENTIFICCOURSES ARE COORDINATED WITH TECHNICAL COURSES. THE OBJECTIVEOF THE CURRICULUM IS TO PREPARE TECHNICIANS FOR ENTRY,ADVANCEMENT, AND FURTHER STUDY IN THE TECHNOLOGY. THE2-YEAR CURRICULUM IS DESCRIBED, CLASSIFIED, AND SCHEDULEDFOR 00TH DESIGN AND PRODUCTION OPTIONS. COURSE DESCRIPTIONSINCLUDE TIME ALLOTMENTS, UNIT OUTLINES, LABORATORY ACTIVITIES,TEXTS, REFERENCES, AND VISUAL AIDS. A BIBLIOGRAPHYIS INCLUDED. THE APPENDIX INCLUDES SAMPLE INSTRUCTIONALMATERIAL AND A DESCRIPTION OF SUGGESTED INSTRUCTIONAL FACILITIES.THIS DOCUMENT IS AVAILABLE AS GPO NUMBER FS5.280.-00019 FOR TO CENTS FROM SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS,U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20402. (JM) .1 OE-8001.9 \, TECHNICAL, EDUCATION PROGRAM SERIES NO. 3

(3 Mechanical Technology Design and Production

A Suggested 2,-Year Post High School Curriculum . ) /

U.S DEPARTMENT OF A HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education U.S. DEPARTMENT Of HEALTH,EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION 0E-80019 THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROMTHE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OFEDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY.

TECHNICAL EDUCATIONPROGRAM SERIESNO. 3

MECHANICALTECHNOLOGY

Design andProduction A Suggested 2-Year PostHigh SchoolCurriculum

U.S. DEPARTMENTOF HEALTH EDUCATIONAND WELFARE ANTHONY J. CZLEBRNUN,Secretary Office of Education WAYNN 0* RAZD, ActingCommissioner Superintendent ofDocuments CatalogNo. FS 5.280:80019

UNIT= STATZS GOVBIRNMENT PRINTING07,2102 WASHINGTON : 1962

Por sale by the Superintendent of Docamenta, U.S. GovernmentPrinting office Washington 16, D.O. Price70 oents Foreword

EDUCATION for technological change is our bridge to the new ageof nuclear power. Human energyhuman capacity for labormust be translated into human capacity to master new techniques and new mechanisms. Technical personnel in the modern industrial complex must have broad training in established fields of technology.Mechanical technology is one of those fields. All of the activities that support the work of the mechanical engineer require knowl- edge and understanding on the part of the engineer's team. This curriculum guide was prepared to help in planning and developing techni- cal education programs in mechanical design and production.It includes suggested 2-year curriculums in mechanical design technology and mechanical production technology.It offers suggested course outlines, suggested laboratory layouts, texts and references, and sample instructional materialsall presented as aids to the school administrators, supervisors and teachers who will be planning and promoting new programs of mechanicaltechnology.It may be used, too, in evaluating existing programs.Although the indicated level of instruction in this suggested curriculum is post high school, the sequence of course work may well start at any grade level where students have the prerequisite background and understanding. The technical materials included herein were prepared by the staff of the Mil- waukee Institute of Technology, acting for the Wisconsin State Board for Vocational Education, pursuant to a contract with the U.S. Office of Education. Many useful suggestions were obtained from special consultants and from administrators and teachers in schools of technology.Although all suggestions could not be incor- porated, each was considered carefully in the light of the publication's intended use. In view of this it 'hould not be inferred that the curriculum is completely endorsed by any one institution, agency, or person. The technical accuracy of the curriculum materials is due largely to the work of a group of eight outstanding engineers and educators who thoroughly reviewed these materials in conference with the staff of the Technical Education Branch in the U.S. Office of Education. WALTER M. ARNOLD Assistant Commissioner for Vocational and Technical Education Acknowledgments

Division of Vocationaland TechnicalEducation, THE U.S. OFFICE OFEDUCATION, of the following men,who are membersof recognizes thevaluable contributions in the field oftechnical education: industrial organizeLions and leaders Practices and Procedures,72 PinewoodRoad, J. H. BERGEN,consultant, Engineering Stamford, Connecticut technology, RochesterInstitute of Technology, AUSTIN E. FRIBANCE,professor of mechanical Rochester, New York Falk Corporation,Milwaukee, Wisconsin ROBERT HUwILER,industrial engineer, Company, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania C. R. JOHNSON,Leeds & Northrup coordinator, ArmstrongCork Company,Lancaster, LUTHER E. KILLIAN,plant facilities Pennsylvania Milwaukee Institute ofTechnology, Milwaukee, WILLIAM N. LATHROP,faculty counselor, Wisconsin I counselorInstruction, andChairman, MilwaukeeInstitute A. D. MATHISON,administrative of Technology,Milwaukee, Wisconsin I Central Shops,Argonne NationalLaboratory, 9700 BURTON K. SNYDER,chief engineer, Argonne, Illinois 2 South Cass Avenue, appreciation constructive Education alsoacknowledges with The Office of the followinginstitutions or criticism byadministrators andstaff members of agencies: University I Technical Institute of Oklahoma State Community College at Stillwater, Okla. Temple University Southern IllinoisUniversity Philadelphia, Pa. Carbondale, Ill. Del Mar TechnicalInstitute 1 Agricultural and Technical Corpus Christi, Tex. State University, Institute 1 Institute Erie County Technical Alfred, N.Y. Buffalo, N.Y. I Wentworth Institute Flint Junior College Bostc.n, Mass. Flint, Mich. William HoodDunwoody IndustrialInstitute Gaston TechnicalInstitute 1 Minneapolis 8, Minn. Gastonia, N.C. Hudson Valley College1 Troy, N.Y.

I Public educationalinstitutions 2 Federal laboratory IV Contents Pare Foreword ii Acknowledgments IV

The Mechanical Technology Program 1 General Requirements 1 Curriculum 3 Design Major 4 Production Major 5 Course Outlines Technical Courses Design and Production DP 103Materials of Industry 7 DP 104 Mechanical Drafting I 8 DP 113 Manufacturing Processes I 13 DP 133 Manufacturing Processes II 17 DP 134 Mechanical Drafting 71 21 Design Option D 205Basic Mechanisms 26 D 233 Machine Design 29 D234Basic Tool Design 31 D235Design Problems 34 Production Option P204Methods and Operations Analysis 36 P234Plant Layout and Materials Handling 40 P244Process Planning 42 P254Production Problems 45 Mathematics and Science Courses M 115 Mathematics I 47 M 144 Mathematics II 49 S 145Mechanics and Heat 51 S 214Electricity 55 S 223 Hydraulics and Pneumatics 58 Auxiliary or Supporting Technical Courses A 132Technical Reporting 62 A 204Strength of Materials 64 A 213Statistics and Quality Control 67 A 293Industrial Organizations and Institutions 69 General Courses G 100Orientation 72 G 123 Communication Skills 74 G 222 American Institutions 76 G 283 Psychology and Human Relations 78 VI CONTENTS Pain Bibliography 81 Appendixes A. Sample Instructional Materials 89 B. Instructional Facility Suggestions 100 Mechanical TechnologyProgram General Requirements

1111HE EDUCATION PROGRAM described in this publi- enable the individual to do such workas detail 1 cation is organizedto provide 2 years of full- design using established design procedures. time study in the broad fieldof mechanical 5. Communication skills that include the abilityto technology.The course work in the suggested interpret, analyze, and transmit facts and ideas curriculum is designed to provide depthof under- graphically, orally, and in writing. standing in the technical requirementsof occupa- Mechanical technology isan integral and im- tions in modern mechanical design andmechanical portant part of several areas of industrial activity production. thatincorporate machines,mechanisms, and The work of technical personnel ina modern industrial processes.In general, the functions industrial enterprise is closely relatedto scientific performed by technically trained personnelin and engineering developments whichinvolve the these industries are part of research and engineer- use of new materials, new processes, andnew ing activities, or theyare related to these activities methods of production. To function in thiscom- in such a way as to requirea broad understanding plex, the worker requires certain abilitiesthe ofengineering design and production.Itis technical skills which form the basis oftechnology convenient for educationalpurposes to group curriculums.These abilities have been broadly these functions in two generalareas: design and defined as follows: 1 production.Accordingly, the materials in this guide have been organized to providea two-option 1. Facility with mathematics; ability touse algebra and trigonometry as tools in the development of curriculum consisting ofone common year of ideas that make use of scientific and engineering course work with second-year options in either principles; an understanding of, though notneces- design or production. sarily facility with, higher mathematics through The design option provides the educational analyticalgeometry,calculus, and differential background necessary for equations, according to the requirements of the many functions of such technology. jobs as design draftsman, tool designer,research 2. Proficiency in the application of physical science assistant,orengineeringassistant.The cur- principles, including the basic concepts andlaws of riculum is designed to provide the broad technical physics and chemistry that are pertinent,tothe competence needed for these jobs rather than the individual's field of technology. specific skills or techniques required fora single- 3. An understanding of the materials andprocesses skill occupation.The instruction centers around commonly used in the technology. occupationalelementsthat normally cannotbe 4. An extensive knowledge ofa field of specialization, obtained through experience aloneelements with an understanding of the engineering and such scientific activities that distinguish the technology as physical , materials and processes, of the field.The degree of competency and the and principles of machine design. depth of understanding should be sufficientto The production option, as the name implies, is organized for concentrationon mechanical manu- I Division of Vocational Education, U.S. Officeof Education. Occupa facturing functions.It is pointed towardoc- Haat:Criteria and Preparatory Curriculum Patternsin Technical Education Programs.Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1962.(OE- cupations suchasquality-controltechnician, $0015) p. 6. production planner, methods analyst, and job esti- 1 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY-DESIGN AND PRODUCTION

mator. As in the design...option, the objectives courses in the technology, (2) auxiliary or support- are broad rather than highly specialized.Here ing technical courses, (3) mathematicscourses, (4) again the purpose is not to prepare for singleor science courses, and (5) general educationcourses. limited-skill jobs but for multiple-responsibility The technical subjects provide applicationof occupations which require an understanding of scientific and engineering principles.For this engineering functionsparticularly those of pro- reason, mathematics and science courses must be duction engineeringin metal working and allied coordinated carefully with technicalcourses at all industries. stages of the program.This coordination isac- The mechanical technology curriculum is de- complished by scheduling mathematics, science, signed for !sigh school graduates for the equivalent) and technical courses concurrently during the who have particular abilities and interests.In first 2 terms, a curriculum principle that will be general, students entering the program should illustrated at several points.General education have completed 1% years of algebra, 1year of courses constitute a relatively small part of the geometry, and 1 year of a physical science in their total curriculum.It has been found that students high school program.It should be recognized who enter a technical program doso because of the that the ability levels of those who do and those depth in the field of specialization that theprogram who do not meet these general requirements will provides.In fat:6, many students who elect this vary greatly and that some students may have to type of educational program will bring to ita take refresher courses in mathematics or English good background of general study. to make satisfactory progress in the program. Equipment and facilitiesfora mechanical Because of the specialized nature of thiscur- technology program must meet high qualitative riculum, teachers must have special competencies. standards, since the strength of theprogram lies These competencies are based primarilyon tech- in providing a variety of engineering and scientific nical knowledge and industrial experience.Be- applications.Laboratories are required for this yond this, however, an instructor of mechanical type of instructionnot workshops.In training technology courses must understand the educa- technical workers for mechanical design andpro- tional philosophy, the objectives, and the unique duction, competency is needed in theuse of organizational requirements that characterize tech- metallurgicallaboratoryequipment,precision nical education programs.2Instruction in the measuring and computing devices, and scientific technical education program is not a matter of and engineering handbooks,as well as some conducting independent classes in discrete sub- knowledge of machine tools. jects; all courses are closely interrelated. Variety and quality aremore significant than A 2-year curriculum must concentrateon quantity in equipping a technical laboratory.In primary needs if it is to prepare individuals for terms of total investment the mechanical tech- responsible technical positions in modern industry. nology program is costly, although schools that It must be honestly pragmatic in its approach have shop facilities may be able touse them for and must involve a high order of specialization. certain parts of the curriculum proposed here. The curriculum suggested in this bulletin has been Communication is an important element of designed to provide maximum technical instruction technical work.The educational program should in the time that is scheduled.To those who are include specific instruction in graphic, written, not familiar with this type of educational service and oral communications.In addition to these (or with the goals and interests of students who specifics, there should be a continual emphasison elect it) the technical program often appears to be written reports with a rising standard of attain- inordinately rigid and restrictive.While modifi- ment as the student progresses in theprogram. cations may be necessary in certain individual Elements of industrial sociology, psychology, and institutions, the basic structure and content of economics, while necessarily limited by the time this curriculum should be maintained. factor, should be considered important units of the A technical curriculum usually has five subject- curriculum. matter divisions, namely: (1) specialized technical The course outlines in this guideare short and descriptive.The individual instructor will have 2 Ibid., p. 10-17. to prepare complete courses of study andarrange COURSEOUTLINES 3 the curriculum material in logical order of teaching mechanical technology program.In keeping with before starting instruction.Sample instructional the form of previously published guides, it is materials found in the appendix may be helpful to planned as a full-time post high schoolprepara- instructors in preparing units of instruction. tory program.Itis expected, however, that The material is not intended to be applied toa these materials will be of use also in planning given situation exactlyas outlined; it is presented extension courses and preparatory technical pro- to illustrate the form and content of a complete grams in secondary schools.

The Curriculum

A 2-year technology program has certain unique tal laboratory technician.Competency in - requirements thatinfluencethe content and ing is developed by providing extensive drafting organization of the curriculum.Some of these laboratory time in five courses havinga combined requirements are imposed by the occupational total of 612 contact hours.Course work in functions that graduates must be prepared to metallurgy, heat treaLment,tooldesign, and perform; some result from the need for special machine design provides the breadth of under- courses that will maximize the effectiveness of standing needed for themore advanced positions teachers who have special competencies; and others in mechanical design.The entire 2-year design arise because of the need to teach both technical program is coordinated by the planned inter- principles and industrial applications in the limited relationship of mathematics, science, and tech- time available. The mechanical technologycur- nical courses.An introductory design course in riculum reflects three basic requirements: func- the third term provides illustrations and applica- tional utility, units of instruction in specialized tions of concepts being learned concurrently in the technical subjects, and provision for the teaching strength-of-materials laboratory.In the fourth of principles by application.In addition, the term a design-problem course parallels courses in curriculumincludesgeneraleducation values machine design and tool design. which are essential in today's dynamic social order. The Production-Option Functional competence in a broad field suchas mechanical technology has at least threecompo- The production option of this curriculum has nents around which the curriculum must be been organized to make effective use of the instruc- structured: (1) The training shouldprepare the tional facilities required for the design option. graduate to take an entry job in which he will be The primary emphasis is on manufacturing and productive;(2)the broad,technical training, production in the metal-working industries. A together with a reasonable amount of experience, graduate of this option should qualify for an entry should enable the graduate to advance to positions position in one of several manufacturing functions. of increasing responsibility; and (3) the foundation Methodsanalysis,productionplanning,and provided by the training should be broad enough quality control are typical areas in which the so that the graduate can do further study within graduate should be able to function with a mini- his field of technology.This curriculum has been mum of on-the-job training. designed to meet these three requirements. The first 2 terms of the production optionare identical to the first 2 terms of the design option. The Design Option It is expected that students will choose either the design or production option at the beginning of the A graduate of the design option should be able third term on the basis of their interests and to perform satisfactorily in entry jobs such as abilities.In the third and fourth terms of the draftsman, engineering assistant, or developmen- production option the emphasis is on the methods 661825-62-2 4 111tCHANICAL TZCZENOLOGYDZSIONAND PIODVOTTON Design Major (72 met hews) Pint Tow Nw MaoLaberster,Total T Ws omen ails heves lours bows Wei 111 G 100 Orientation DP 103 'Materials of Industry 1 0 1 0 DP 104 3 0 3 3 Idochanical Drafting I 2 4 DP 113 Manufacttuing Praetorian I 2 X 115 Mathematics 3 5 3 G 123 8 0 a a Communication Sinn. 3 0 3 3 arenas imam 14 11 11 A 132 Technical Reporting DP 133 2 0 2 2 Manufacturing Processes 11 2 3 5 3 DP 134 Mechanical Drafting II 2 M 144 MathematicsII 8 4 8143 Mechanics and Heat 4 0 4 4 4 2 8 8 Sawed Taw diseas 111 11 11111111111m. =111 IMIM1111111 A 204 Strength of Itaterials 11.111111 D 205 Basic Mechanisms 3 1 4 8 214 Electricity 2 9 11 a Q 222 American Institutions 3 2 a 4 5 223 Hydraulics and Pneumatics 2 0 2 2 north ism 2 2 4 3 11 11 1M1 11 I)233 Machine Design 111101.41.11111 1111111011111110 234 Basis Tool Design 3 3 3 1 6 DD 233 Problems 7 4 Q 283 ology and Human Relations 1 9 10 a A 293 3 0 3 3 ustrial Organisations and Institutions 3 0 3 3 AAuxills17 or supporting technical tomes DSpecialised courses (Design sage) DPSpecialised boluses 00111232012 10 bothdesign sod groaned= maim CIGeneral mum MMatbematice comes 5Science courses and procedures ofindustrial production.The student interest is caught by problem-solving approach is used practical aspects. to a large extent, If'thefirst term consists entirelyof general especially in the fourthterm, to give as broad a subjects--- mathematics, English, social studies-- perspective as possible andto make full use of students often lose interest. previous course work in Also, by introducing process and production technical study in the firstterm it is possible to planning, plant layout,statistics, and the factors obtain greater depth of of quality-cost-ratio analysis. penetration in specialized subjects in the latter stages ofthe 2-yearprogram. Another important factoris the opportunity to Curriculum Parameters apply the mathematics inthe technicalcourses. The student's study inmathematics is reinforced by his appreciation of the In technical curriculums disciplinary values ob. it is mandatory that tamed therefrom and the needfor these values in specialized technicalcourse work be introduced technical study. in the first term.Deferring this introduction As the student even for one term imposes serious progresses, he is encouraged to limitations on do more andmore individual work, makinguse of the effectiveness of the totalcurriculum.Several previously learned concepts important advantages in machineprocesses, accrue from the early intro- production methods, andthe characteristics of duction of the technical specialty.For one thing, the materials used inmodern industry.The COUR812ounarru 5 Prioduation Major (70 credit hours) nodTow 000rse MessLaboretecyTOIL No Come tido bows bows boors nest ism le II X IS GI 100 Orientation 1 0 1 DP 103 Materials of Industry 3 3 3 DP 104 Mechanical Drafting I 2 8 4 DP 113 Manufacturing Promos. I 2 3 5 3 X 115 Mathematics 5 0 5 0 123 Communication Skills 3 0 3 3 Seemed term 14 13 21 1$ A 132 Tochaical Roporting 2 2 DP 133 Manufacturing Processes II 2 3 3 DP 134 Mechanical Drafting II 2 a 4 144 Mathematics II. 4 4 4 8145 Mechanics and Heat 4 2 a liesoad Tear TWA WWI 21 le IMMIIMMI.1.11011.1111 .111111111MMIMMIO 011111111111.1.1101 P204 Methods and Operations Analysis 3 3 8 4 A213 Statistics and Quality Control 2 2 3 8214 Electricity 3 2 5 4 G222 American Institutions 2 0 2 2 8223 Hydraulics and Pneumatics 2 2 4 3 13 11 201 1$ !moth barna ml.8111 01.41111101 411M11101111.M= P234 Plant Layout and Materials Handling 3 3 8 4 P244 Process Planni n 3 3 a 4 P234 Production Problems 1 9 10 4 G283 Psychology and Human Relations 3 0 3 3 A293 Industrial Organizations and Institutions 3 0 3 3 AAuxiliary or supporting technical courses DPSpecialised omen oommoa to both assign and prodnetion majors CIGeneral courses l[ Mathematics courses Pspecialised courses (Production major) 8Science *Duress ability to do independent work in which decision- ing these constructs in technical coursesthrough- making is involved is one of the important criteria out the 2-year curriculumsA better measure for advancement in technical occupations.The of the student's performance levelin these dis- curriculum also provides for the study of com- ciplines is found in the content of advanced courses munication skills and an introduction to the social such as machine design.The effect of this curric- and economic structure of industryimportant ulum design is an integration of thesubjects, as aspects of the student's preparation forpositions of contrasted to the treatment of subjects asdiscrete responsibility. and independent units in the moretraditional A basic element of the program, that of prep- pre-engineering programs.In thelatter,for aration for continuing study and improvement, example, foundation courses in mathematicsand is provided, in the main, by thefoundation science usually precede the specializedstudy and obtained in mathematics and science. The little or no attention is given to applications. amount of time devoted to formal coursework in Outside study isa significant partofthe these disciplines is 374 contact hours; however, student'stotal program.In this curriculum, this figure is not an accurate indicator ofthe 2 hours of outside study timehave been suggested mathematics and science content of the curric- for each hour of scheduled class time.A typical ulumFacility with mathematics and with the weekly work schedule for a studentin this curric- use of scientificprinciples is developed by apply- ulum would be: classattendance, 14 hours; 8 MECHANICAL TICCHNOLOOT---DZSIONAND PRODUCTION laboratory, 10 hours; outside study, 28 hoursa in the selection of instructionalaids. total of 52 hoursper week. Instructors will want to make theirown selections for each The course outlines shownare concise and com- course to effect the best possible coordinationwith prehensive, intendedas guides rather than as the instructional materials specific plans of instruction and the textbooks used to be covered inan in other courses.There are undoubtedlyother inflexible orderor sequence.They representa judgment on the relative excellent volumes which havenot been included. importance of each This publication is intendedas a guide for instructional unit, especially where time estimates program planning and development,primarily are shown for the divisions within eachcourse. in post high school institutions.It is expected It. is expected that the principlesoutlined in these that adaptations will needto be made to suit courses will be supplemented withindustrial various situations in several kindsof schools. The applications wherever possible. Industrial level of instruction indicatedrepresents a consensus parctices should be studied andfollowed in drafting on the level of proficiency required forsuccess in and report writing, andmaterials from industry occupations in whichmanpower is in short supply shouldbeutilizedthroughoutthe program today and threatens to beeven more so in the future. The curriculum is wherever it is possible to doso.Field trips will a product of the efforts add a great deal to the of a number ofpeopleeducators, engineers, effectiveness of the instruc- employers, and the staff of tion if they are carefullyplanned and scheduled. the Technical Edu- cation Branchconcerned withthe improvement The texts and referenceslisted may serveas a guide of public education services. Course Outlines Technical Courses

DESIGN ANDPRODUCTION DP103, Motorkds ofIndustry Hours Required 3. Sources and classes Class, 3; Laboratory,0 4. Smelting andrefining 5. Processing 6. Alloy classifications Description 7. andfabrication 8. Special processing Modern industry utilizesa variety of engineer- ing materials with whichthe student inmechan- III. Wood Products-3hours ical technologymust be familiar. A study ismade 1. Classification of the five generalclassifications of materialsand 2. General properties their applicationto industrial affecting use uses.Special em- 3. General industrialapplications phasis is given tonew materials which have been developed throughtechnological advances. IV. NonmetallicMaterials-3 hours 1. Classification Major Divisions 2. General propertiesaffecting use of each Ma hoar. V. Miscellaneous I. Ferrous Metals_ Materials-9 hours 18 II. Nonferrous Metals 18 1. Historical development III. Wood proclunts 2. Classification IV. Nonmetallic 3 Materials 3 3. General properties V. Miscellaneous affecting use of each Materials 9 Texts and References I. Ferrous Metals-18hours 1. Historical sketch Ansi. Er. ManufacturingMethods and Processes 2. General properties BACHA. Elements of EngineeringMaterials 3. Sources and classes BEGEMAN. Manufacturing Processes CAMPBELL.Principles of Manufacturing 4. Smelting and refining Processes Materials and 5. Processing CLARK.Engineering Materials andProcesses COMMITTEE ON ENGINEERING 6. Alloy classifications MATERIALS. Engineering 7. Forming andfabrication Materials 8. Special processing DEGARMO. Materials and Processesin Manufacturing KEYSER.Materials of Engineering II. Nonferrous Metah-18hours MANTELL.Engineering MaterialsHandbook MERSER1 AU. Materials of Industry 1. Historical sketch MOORE and MOORE.Materials of Engineering 2. General properties I see Bibliography forpublishers. 7 DP 1041 Drafting I

Hours Required 2. Drafting instruments,materials,and equipment Class and Laboratory, 8 a. Care and use b. Current drafting practices in industry Description 8. Lettering a. Construction of Vertical Gothic capitals This is a beginning course for students who (1) Proportion and spacing have had little or no previous experience in (2) Numerals and fractions drafting.The principalobjectivesare: basic b. Identificationofotherstylesand understanding of orthographic projection; skill in alphabets orthographic, isometric, and oblique sketching c. Lettering instruments, tools, and de- and ; ability to produce accurate and vices complete detail and assembly working drawings; 4. Geometrical constructions (accurate notes understandingofprinciplesandappropriate required) applications of descriptive geometry; experience a. Geometric forms and shapes in using handbooks and other resource materials; b. Geometry applied to drafting prob- elementary understanding of design principles in lems machine parts used as drawing projbcts; and use c. Constructions involving straight lines, ofsimplifieddraftingpracticesinindustry. angles, circles, arcs, tangents, ellipses, A.S.A. standards are stressed.Interpretation of parabolas, hyperbolas, helices, invo- industrial sketches and prints is introduced when lutes, and cycloids feasible not only to emphasize accepted drawing B. Laboratory practices but also to develop an early appreciation 1. Draw with pencil on vellum or tracing of one of the functions involved in the"production" paper two or more mechanical parts or option. objects (single view) which provide an opportunity to use basic drawing instru- ments, stress accuracy in full-scale mea- Major Divisions Clas hourshours surement, makefirstapplicationsof I. Fundamentals 10 verticalgothiclettering;utilizebasic II. Technical Sketching, Orthographic Projection_16 geometrical constructions; and make typi- III. Isometric and Oblique Pictorial Sketching.. 14 cal sheet layouts. IV. Dimensioning 10 V. Sections 10 2. Reproduce first drawings as a device for VI. Auxiliary Views 14 critical analysis of line quality.Com- VII. Revolution (Rotation) 10 pare with quality of good industrial VIII. Threads, Fasteners, Springs 14 prints.This practice is followed periodi- IX. Working Drawings: Detail Drawings 18 cally throughout the course. X. Working Drawings: Assembly Drawings 16 IL Technical Sketching, Orthographic Projec- I. Fundamentals-10 hours tion-16 hours A. Class A. Class 1. Functionofdraftingindesign and 1. Sketching materials production 2. Sketching techniques 8 001:111111017MINZI 9 3. Theory of third-angle orthographicpro- jection 2. In several problemswhere two views of a. Definition an object are given,sketch a third view. 8. Sketch three-view b. Planes ofprojection drawings from pictorial (1) Frontal representations of selectedmachine parts (2) Horizontal or objects, usingcross-sectionpaper. (3) Profile 4. Sketch three-viewdrawings fromactual machine parts o. Introduction ofprinciples of descrip- or objects, using sketch tive geometry pad or tracingpaper. 5. Using drafting (1) Locatingpoints inspace instruments and equip- (2) Locatinglines in ment, make three-viewdrawings ofse- space lected machine (3) Locatingsurfaces inspace parts involving theprin- d. Edges andsurfaces ciples andtechniquAs coveredin the (1) Parallel units of instruction.Make drawingson (2) Inclines vellum or tracingpaper. (3) Oblique 6. Reproduceone or more of the mechanical (4) Curved drawings asa basis for discussion ofline (5) Truncated equality. e. Fillets, rounds, andrunouts III. Isometricand ObliquePictorial Sketching-- 4. Multiviewsketches: 2-view,3-view 14 hours a. View relationships A. Class (1) Principles ofprojection 1. Isometric sketching (2) Selection ofviews for bestshape a. Materials description b. Principles b. Steps insketching (1) Isometricprojection (1) Estimating sizeand proportionof (2) Isometricdrawing objects c. Techniques (2) Determinationof appropriatescale (1) Blacking in for sketch (2) Isometric and (3) Centering nonisometic lines sketch on pador sheet (3) Angles inisometric drawing selected (4) Isometricellipses (4) Blocking inshapes of views (5) Arcs andcurves (a) Constructionlines (6) Sections (b) Solid lines (7) Intersections (c) Center lines 2. Oblique sketching (d) Hidden lines a. Cavalier drawing principles (5) Projectingviews b. Cabinet (a) Spaces between drawing principles views c. Positioning of object (b) Transfer of measurements d. Steps inoblique drawing (6) Order ofsketching e. Offset measurements (7) Quality of finished sketch f.Ellipses c. Techniques for sketchingcircles, el- g. Arcs and curves lipses, and othershapes h. Angles d. Analysis of engineering drawingsand i.Sections sketches from industry e. Alphabet of lines B. Laboratory 1. Using isometric f. Explanationof first-angleprojection paper, make several iso- B. Laboratory metric sketches fromthree-view drawings provided by the 1. Examine severalthree-view drawingsand instructor, incorporating sketch inany missing lines. the principles taughtin Unit 1 ofDivision 10 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY-DESIGN AND PRODUCTION

2. Using cross-section paper, make several 4. Classification of sections oblique drawings (sketches from drawings a. Full sections or objects provided by the instructor), b. Half sections incorporating the principles taught in c. Broken out sections Unit 2 of Division III. d. Revolved sections IV. Dimensioning-10 hours e. Aligned sections A. Class 5. Dimensioning 1. Theory of dimensions B. Laboratory a. True-position dimensions 1. Sketch or draw section views in drawings b. Maximum material position requiring several types of sections.The 2. Technique of dimensioning drawings may be provided by the instruc- a. Lines tor and completed by the student or b. Arrowheads drawn entirely by the student. c. Fractional and decimal dimensions VI. Auxiliary Views-14 hours d. Leaders A. Class e. Fillets and rounds 1. Function of auxiliary views f.Finish marks 2. Classification of surfaces g. Notes 3. Primary auxiliary viewswidth, depth, 3. Selection of dimensions height, auxiliaries 4. Placement of dimensions a. Direction of sight 5. Examination, analysis, and interpretation b. Reference plane of dimensioning practices on engineering c. Projection technique drawing or prints from local industry d. Transfer of measurements 6. Rules for dimensioning isometric and e. Auxiliary view from a principal view oblique drawings f.Principal view from an auxiliary view B. Laboratory g. Dihedral angles 1. Using the drawings made in Division II h. Plotted curves and Division III projects, add the needed 4. Partial auxiliary views dimensions and notes. 5. Half auxiliary views 2. Sketch or use drawing instruments in 6. Auxiliary sections making a more complex three-view draw- 7. Secondary auxiliary views ing from pictorial views or actual objects 8. Descriptive geometry appliedtotrue involving inclined surfaces, holes, rounds, measurements of lines, angles and surfaces and unusual shapes which require a B. Laboratory variety of dimensioning techniques and 1. From 2- or 3-view drawings supplied by considerable judgment in the selection the instructor, sketch auxiliary views in and placement of dimensions and notes. their proper relationship to the given V. Sections-10 hours views. A. Class 2. Using instruments, make a working draw- 1. Functions of sectional views ing which includes both primary and 2. The cutting plane secondary auxiliary views. a. Representation on working drawing VII. Revolution (Rotation)-10 hours b. Location of cutting plane line c. Direction of sight A. Class 3. Conventions 1. Uses of revolution a. Cutting plane lines a. Locate alternate position of moving b. Section lines (A.S.A.) parts. c. Spokes, arms, ribs, and lugs in section b. Apply orthographic projection princi- d. Breaks ples. COURSE OUTLINES 11 2. Principles of revolution 4. Rivets a. Primary revolutionaxis perpendicu- a. Types and uses lar to frontal plane b. Proportions b. Primary revolutionaxis perpendicu- c. Detailed and conventional representa- lar to horizontal plane tions c. Primary revolutionaxis perpendicu- d. Notes and specifications lar to profile plane 5. Springs 3. Successive revolutions a. Types and uses 4. Applications of descriptive geometry b. Detailed and conventional representa- a. Finding true length of lines by revolv- tion ing into the principal planes c. Notes and specifications b. Finding true shape of plane surfaces B. Laboratory c. Revolution of a circle 1. Draw sufficient detail representations of 5. Revolution conventions more common threads,fasteners, and 6. Counterrevolution springs to develop understandings of their B. Laboratory use and application in machine design. 1. Construct views of lines by the revolution 2. Draw objects that involve conventional method when slopes are given. representations of threads, fasteners, and 2. Draw three views of a solidobject. springs in machine assemblies and design. Make successive rotations of this object. Provideexperienceinselectingsize, After each rotation draw the new position noting specifications, and using handbook of each view. sources. 3. Complete views of a tilted object by counterrevolution. IX. Working Drawings: Detail Drawings-18 hours VIII.Threads, Fasteners, and Springs-14 hours A.Class A. Class 1. Relationships 1. Screw threads a. To design drawings or sketches a. Types and uses b. To assembly drawings b. Terms and definitions 2. Engineering procedure c. Threadforms,series,andclasses 3. Types of detail drawings d. Tapped holes 4. Representation of standard parts e. Detailed representations 5. Title and record strips f. Semi-conventional representation 6. Determination of views needed g. Conventional representations (A.S.A. 7. Determination of number of details on thread symbols) sheet h. Thread notes andspecifications 8. Zoning or positioning of drawings 2. Bolts, studs, and screws 9. Numbering systems for sets of drawings a. Types and uses 10. Identifying drawings with parts list b. Proportions 11. Checking c. Detailed and conventional representa- 12. Alterations tions 13. Filings and storing d. Notes and specifications B.Laboratory 3. Keys and pins 1. Make finished detail drawings from an a. Types and uses assembly layout, using accepted conven- b. Detailed and conventional representa- tions and practices.Obtain dimensions tions of standard parts from catalogues and c. Notes and specifications handbook. 12 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGYDESIGN AND PRODUCTION 2. Analyze prints of typical detail drawings Text and References 1 prepared and used in local industry to become acquainted with accepted usage DouaLass and ADAMS.Elements of Nomography and procedure. FRENCH and TURNBULL.Lessons in Lettering FRENCH and VIERCS. A Manual of Engineering Drawing X. Working Drawings: Assembly Drawings-16 for Students and Draftsmen and . Graphic Science hours GIACHINO and BEUSENA. EngineeringTechnical Draft- A. Class ing and Graphics 1. Types of assembly drawings GIESECKE, MITCHELL, and SPENCER. Technical Drawing a. Design assemblies HOELSCHER and SPRINGER.Engineering Drawing and Geometry b. General assemblies LEGRAND.The American Machinists' Handbook c. Workingdrawing assemblies LUZADDER. Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing d. Installation assemblies MILLAR and SHIELDS.Descriptive Geometry e. Check assemblies OBERG, ERIK, and JONES.Machinery's Handbook f. Subassemblies ORTH, WORSENCRAFT, and DOKE. Theory and Practice of Engineering Drawing 2. Assembly sectioning PARE, LOVING, and HILL.Descriptive Geometry a. Cut surfaces SCHUMANN. Technical Drafting b. Adjacent parts SHUPE and MACHOVIA. A Manual of Engineering Geome- c. Thin parts try and Graphics for Students and Draftsmen d. Treatment of bolts, nuts, shafts, keys, SPENCER. Basic Technical Drafting U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, National Bureau of screws, spokes, ribs, gearteeth, etc. in Standards.Screw-Thread Standards for Federal Services assembly sections ZIPPRICH.Freehand Drafting e. Symbols forsection lining ZOZZORA. Engineering Drawing 3. Identification of parts a. Numbering parts Visual Aids b. Parts list 4. Simplified drawing practices Chicago Board of Education, 228 N. LaSalle St., Chicago, a. Word descriptions 7s.drawing Ill.: The Draftsman McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, N.Y.: b. Views needed According to Plan: Introduction to Engineering Drawing c. Repetitivedetail Auxiliary Views: Single Auxiliaries d. Freehand vs. mechanical representa- Auxiliary Views: Double Auxiliaries tions Drawings and the Shop e. Labor-savingdevices Language of Drawing, The Orthographic Projection B. Laboratory Pictorial Sketching 1. Make a general assemblydrawing from Selection of Dimensions detail drawings prepared in the previous Sections and Conventions assignment or provided by the instructor. Shape Description, Parts I and II Supply a complete parts list. Shop Drawing, Part assembly draw- Size Description 2. Analyze prints of typical Pennsylvania State College Film Library, State College, ings aad component detail drawings pre- Pa.: Drafting Tips, Part II pared and used in local industry for Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.: accuracy,easeofinterpretation,and Capital Letters identification of accepted drawing room Use of T- and Triangles practices. I see Bibliography for publishers. DP 113, ManufacturingProcesses I

Hours Required I. IntroductiontoProduction Processes (En- Class, 2; Laboratory 3 gineered Manufacturing) A. Class -1 hour Description 1. Course objectives 2. General class procedure An understanding of present-daymanufacturing 3. Tour of facilities processes is of extreme importance to students in B. Laboratory-0 hours thistechnology. This courseisdesigned to II. Ferrous and Nonferrous Metals and provide a background of knowledgecovering the Materials various manufacturing materials and the funda- A. Class-2 hours mental types of manufacturing methodsas em- 1. Derivation of materials ployed in cold vvorkingprocesses. Through 2. Variation in physical properties lecture, demonstration, and practicalapplications a. Machineability the student is given the opportunityto become b. Methods of forming familiar with the varioustypes of machine tools, c. Possible service life tooling, measuring, and inspectionprocedures. B. Laboratory-0 hours Automation is introduced and informationis III. and Cutting Tools presented to acquaint the student with the A. Class-3 hours modern practices of for machine tools and the uses of transfer and special machines. 1. Principles of metal cutting a. Types of machines and their tooling Labor b. Machineability Major Divisions Class tory hours hours (1) Methods of measuring and report- I. Introduction to Production Processes ing machineability (Engineered Manufacturing) 1 0 (2) Ratings II. Ferrous and Nonferrous Metals and (3) Uses of machineability ratings Materials 2 0 III. Machining and Cutting Tools 3 9 (a) Guide inselecting material IV. Plastics 2 3 from cost standpoint V. Powder Metal and Cermets 1 0 (b) Standards for machining VI. Measuring 2 6 VII. Gaging and Inspection (c) Estimated machining time for 2 3 new jobs VIII. Turning Lathes 1 9 IX. Turret and Automatic Lathes 2 6 (4) Factors affecting machineability X. Screw Threads 1 0 2. Metal cutting XI. Drilling 1 3 XII. Boring B. Laboratory-9 hours 1 0 Perform machine tool operations to XIII. Planing, Shaping, and Slotting 1 3 process XIV. Milling 2 6 specified projects. XV. and Sawing 1 0 IV. Plastics XVI. Grinding and Finishes 1 3 XVII. Gearing 1 0 A. Class-2 hours XVIII. Metal Forming 2 0 1. Basic terminology and materials XIX. Metal Finishing 1 0 a. Thermosetting characteristics XX. Automation 2 0 XXI. NumericalControlforMachine b. Thermoplastic characteristics Tools 2 0 c. Terminology XXII. Transfer and Special Machines 2 0 d. Thermosetting molding materials forms, properties, and characteristics 13 14 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY-DESIGN AND PRODUCTION e. Thermoplasticmolding materials- VIII. Turning Lathes forms, properties, and characteristics A. Class-1 hour 2. Moldingpracticesforthermosetting 1. Types materials 2. Construction and design a. Compression molding 3. Operations b. Transfer molding B. Laboratory-9 hours c. Cold molding Make setup and perform turning operations d. Laminating on selected projects. 3. Moldingpracticeforthermoplastic materials IX. Turret and Automatic Lathes a. Injection A. Class-2 hours b. 1. Types c. Blow 2. Construction and design d. Vacuum 3. Operations e. Other techniques 4. Principles of multiple tooling 4. Other materials and processes B. Laboratory-6 hours a. Plastisols Perforn,turning, operations on selected b. Adhesives projects. c. Finishing X. Screw Threads B. Laboratory- 3 hours A. Class-1 hour Perform machine tool operations on plastics. 1. Types Calculate cutting speeds, feeds, and rpm's. 2. Elements V. Powder Metal and Cermets 3. Methods of producing A. Class-1 hour B. Laboratory-0 hours 1. General introduction XI. Drilling 2. Processing methods 3. Application A. Class-1 hour 1. Types B. Laboratory-0 hours a. Machines VI. Measuring b. Drills A. Class-2 hours 2. Construction and design 1. Direct measurements 3. Operations 2. Comparative measurements B. Laboratory-3 hours 3. Precision measurement Set up and calculate drill speeds, feeds, and 4. Visual measurement drilling, reaming, and counterboring time or, B. Laboratory-6 hours selected projects. Measure specified projects requiring various XII. Boring gages, linear and measuring instruments. A. Class-1 hour VII. Gaging and Inspection 1. Types of machines A. Class-2 hours 2. Types of tools 1. Interchangeability of parts B. Laboratory-0 hours 2. Measuring standards 3. Tolerances and allowances XIII. Planing, Shaping, and Slotting 4. Dial gages A. Class-1 hour 5. Angular measurement L Types 6. Optical measuring 2. Construction and design B. Laboratory-3 hours 3. Operations Take measurements and calculate angular B. Laboratory-3 hours dimensions and determine accuracies using 1. Set up and perform operations on selected optical methods. projects. COUR8Zarcs 1.3 2. Calculate strokes per minute, cutting 2. Methods of fabricating time, and tool idle time. 3. Nomenclature XIV. Milling B. Laboratory-0 hours A. Class-2 hours XVIII. Metal Forming 1. Types A. Class-2 hours a. Machines 1. Processes b. Cutters 2. Operations 2. Construction and design a. Stamping 3. Operations b. Upsetting 4. Attachments and accessories c. Bending B. Laboratory-6 hours d. Drawing 1. Calculate the number of turns and select e. the index plate required for milling a 3. Tools given number of divisions. a. Types 2. Calculate the lead angle and gear ratio b. Classifications for milling a given helix. B. Laboratory--0 hours XV. Broaching and Sawing XIX. Metal Finishing A. Class-1 hour A. Class-1 hour 1. Types 1. Methods a. Machines 2. Surface preparation b. Tools 3. Surface protection 2. Methods B. Laboratory-0 hours a. Operations XX. Automation b. Setups A. Class-2 hours B. Laboratory-0 hours 1. Definition XVI. Grinding and Finishes 2. Automatic controls a. Types A. Class-1 hour b. Purposes 1. Types 3. Area of use a. Machines a. Machining b. Grinding wheels b. Steel making 2. Operations c. Materials handling 3. Surface finishes d. Metal a. Classification e. Pressworking b. Measurement f. B. Laboratory---3 hours B. Laboratory-0 hours 1. Set up and perform operations on selected projects. XXI. Numerical Control for Machine Tools 2. Determine wheel type, spindle, and pe- A. Class-2 hours ripheral speed and grinding time on 1. Definition selected projects. 2. Conventional vs. numerical control method XVII. Gearing 3. Computers 4. Application potential A. Class-1 hour 5. Control concepts 1. Types 6. Preparation for use 16 MECHANICAL TSCHIfOLOGTDES/GN ANDPRODUCTION 7. System details Texts and References 1 8. Transfer line Awl] RICAN SOCIZTY or TOOL ENOINZZIS.Tool Engineers B. Laboratory-0 hours Handbook XXII. Transfer and Special Machines BIOzMAN.Manufacturing Processes 13'0110HAZDT, AXZLION, and ANDZZOION.Machine Tool A. Class-2 hours Operation, Vols. 1 and 2 1. Introductory definition CAMPIZLL.Principles of Manufacturing Materialsand 2. Transfer-type machines Processes a. Operation DOYLE.Metal Machining b. Achievement JairrziesoN.The Encyclopedia LINDI AII PIODIICTS COMPANY. The Oxy-Acetylene 8. Process machines Handbook 4. Sectionized automation MAYNAZD. Industrial Engineering Handbook 5. Integrated-interlockedline &Kauai'. Engineering Manufacturing Methods 6. Case studies of transfermachines B. Laborator -0 hours OH Bibliography for publishers. DP 133, Idonsiocturing Prooesses II

Hours Required Foundry Lebow hours how Class, 2; Laboratory, 8 XII Introduction to Metal Casting 1 0 XIII. Founding Practices 1 8 XIV. Foundry Equipment and Materials.. 1 0 Description XV. Types of Molds 2 8 XVI. Types of Cores 1 3 XVII. Foundry Sands 1 0 This course is designed to provide a back- XVIII. Sand Testing 1 3 ground of knowledge covering the various manu- XIX. Molding Machines 1 0 facturing materials and the fundamental types of XX. Permanent Molding 1 3 manufacturing methods as employed in hot work- XXI. Casting and Investment Cast- 1 0 Through lecture, demonstration, ing ing processes. XXII. Casting Design and Economy 1 8 and discussion the student becomes familiar with the various types of welding processes and their Metallurgy applications, with special machining operations XXIII. Metallurgy and Metals 1 0 such as ultrasonic, electrical discharge, electroarc, XXIV. Heat Treating 1 8 XXV. Lazio Inspection and Testing of and , and with bonding practices Metals 2 6 and the use of adhesives in modern manufacturing. XXVI. Basic Metallography 2 6 Some emphasis isalso given to metallurgical XXVII. Recent Developments 4 0 practices and procedures.Practical experience is gained by the student in performing simple arc Welding and oxyacetylene welding operations, in producing I. Introduction to Hot Working Processes simple molds, cores, and castings, and in basic heat treating, inspection, and testing, using both A. Class-1 hour 1. Course objectives destructive and nondestructive methods. 2. General class procedure 3. Tour of facilities Major Divisions B. Lab oratory -0 hours Welding II History and Nomenclature Clan I. Introduction to Hot Working Proc-hours A. Class-1 hour esses 1 0 1. Arc Weldinghistorical development II. History and Nomenclature 1 0 2. Oxyacetylene weldinghistoricaldevel- III. Welding Processes 1 8 opment IV. Equipment and Materials for Aro 3. Welding nomenclature Welding 1 0 V. Procedures in Arc Welding 1 6 B. Laboratory-0 hours VI. Equipment and Materials for Oxy- III. Welding Processes acetylene Welding 1 0 VII. Procedures in Oxyacetylene Weld- A. Class-1 hour ing 1 6 1. Arc VIII. Welded Joints 1 8 2. Gas IX. Submerged Melt and Inert Gas 3. Inert gas Shielded 1 0 X. Special Processes 2 0 4. XI. Welding Economy 1 1 5. 17 18 MEC!KANICAL TECHNOLOGY-DESIGNAND PRODUCTION 8. Carbon arc B. Laboratory-3 hours 7. Submergedarc Fabricateselectedprojectsusingoxy- B. Laboratory-3 hours acetylene welding equipment. To learn to strikean arc and maintain the IX. proper arc length. Submerged Melt and Inert GasShielded To run beads in several A. Class-1 hour directions in flat position usingmild steel plate and 3i" E6012 electrode. 1. Types 2. Applications IV. Equipment and Materials for Arc Welding 1, B. Laboratory-0 hours A. Class-1 hour 1. Safety X.Special Processes 2. Arc welding machines andaccessories A. Class-2 hours a. Electrodes 1. Classification b. Base materials 2. Application B. Laboratory 0 hours B. Laboratory-0 hours V. Procedures in Arc Welding XI.Welding Economy A. Class-1 hour A. Class-1 hour 1. Types 1. Welding design 2. Applications 2. Metal castingvs. welded fabrication B. Laboratory-8 hours 3. Manual vs. semiautomaticvs. automatic welding Weld mild steel plate in down-handposition using )i" E6010 and X" E6011electrode. B. Laboratory-0 hours Fabricate selected projectsusing arc weld- ing equipment. Foundry XII.Introduction to Metal Casting VI. Equipment and Materialsfor Oxyacetylene welding A. Class-1 hour A. Class-1 hour 1. Ferrous metals 1. Safety a. Historical development b. Modern processing 2. Gas welding equipment andaccessories 2. Nonferrous metals and plastics a. Gas rods a. Historical development b. Base materials b. Modern processing B. Laboratory--0 hours B. Laboratory-0 hours VII. Procedures in OxyacetyleneWelding XIII.Foundry Practices A. Class-1 hour A. Class-1 hour 1. Types 1. Patternsconstruction 2. Applications 2. Molding considerations B. Laboratory-6 hours a. Sand casting Light and adjust torch.Run a fusion bead b. Sandless casting in a straight line withoutfiller rod. Run 3. Coring considerations beads on mild steel plateusing a filler rod. 4. Casting considerations Cut specified shape usinga cutting torch. 5. Gating and risering VIII. Welded Joints B. Laboratory-3 hours A. Class-1 hour Temper molding sand. Makea simple drag cavity mold.(Straight 1. Type partingbench). XIV. Foundry Equipment 2. Applications and Materials A. Class-1 hour 3. Welding symbols 1. Melting equipment COMM OIITLINTA 19 2. Molding equipment B. Laboratory-3 hours a. Machine types Produce a nonferrous casting by makinge. 3. Casting equipment simple drag cavity mold, pouring molten 4. Foundry accessories metal, shake out mold, and clean casting. 5. Foundry materials XXI. Die Casting and Investment Casting B. Laboratory-0 hours A. Class-1 hour XV. Types of Molds 1. Types of equipment A. Class-2 hours 2. Applications 1. Classification 3. Advantages and limitations 2. Application anduse B. Laboratory-0 hours B. Laboratory-3 hours XXII. Casting Design and Economy Make a simple drag cavity mold usinga jolt-squeeze molding machine. A. Class-1 hour 1. Shapes XVI. Types of Cores 2. Types of metals used A. Class-1 hour 3. Economy of foundry practices 1. Classification B. Laboratory-3 hours 2. Mixtures and binders Produce a ferrous casting by makinga 3. Core finishing simple drag cavity mold, pouring molten B. Laboratory-3 hours metal, shake out mold, and clean casting. Mix core sand witha muller. Make cores from a split, rollover, and/or vertical lift Metallurgy core boxes. XXIII. Metallurgy and Metals XVII.Foundry Sands A. Class-1 hour A. Class-1 hour 1. Definition 1. Natural types anduses 2. Desirable properties of metals 2. Synthetic sands anduses 3. Limitations 3. Foundry sand preparation B. Laboratory-0 hours B. Laboratory-0 hours XXIV. Heat Treating XVIII. Sand Testing A. Class-1 hour A. Class-1 hour 1. Types of processes and equipment 1. Types 2. Applications 2. Purposes of sand control tests B. Laboratory-3 hours 3. Sand preparation Heat treat selected projects' 4. Equipment used XXV. Basic Inspection and Testing of Metals B. Laboratory-3 hours A. Class-2 hours Make selected tests of foundry sands. 1. Types of inspection and testing methods XIX. Molding Machines a. Destructive A. Class-1 hour b. Nondestructive 1. Types 2. Applications 2. Equipment B. Laboratory-0 hours 3. Purposes and applications B. Laboratory-6 hours XX. Permanent Molding Determine hardness of selected heat treated A. Class-1 hour projects using hardness testing machines. 1. Design Determine tensile strength of selected speci- 2. Types mens.Determine strength of selected 3. Uses specimens. 20 MICIUNICAL TETENOLOGTDZBIGN ANDPRODUCTION XXVI. Basic Metallography Texts and References 1 A. Class-2 hours 1. Terminology AMNRICAN SOCIWIT FOR MRTALS.Metals Handbook 2. Equipment AMMILICAN SOCIITY or TOOL ENGINE'S'S.Tool Engineers Handbook 3. Applications BuozmAN.Manufacturing Processes B. Laboratory-8 hours BITIORARDT.Mackin. Tool Operation, Yob. 1 and 2, Mount specimens and make metallographio CAMPRICLI.. Principles of Manufacturing Material, and inspection of selected specimens. Fromm DOYLE.Metal Machining XXVII. Recent Developments JarrilsoN.The Welding Encyclopedia A.' Class-4 hours LINDE AIR PRODUCTS COMPANY.TheOxy-Acetylose 1. Electroforming Handbook 2. Electrolytic grinding MAYNARD.Industrial Engineering Handbook 3. Chemical milling SOMA.LLER.Engineering Manufacturing Methods ST017ORTON and BWITS.EngineeringMetallurgy, 8d 4. Ultrasonic machining Edition 5. Electric-discharge machining WILLIAMS and HOMNIBNIG.The Principles of Metallog 6. Electron beam welding raphy, 4th Edition 7. Electron beam machining

B. Laboratory-0 hours I gee Bibliography hr publishers. DP 134, MechanicalDrafting II Hours Required (3) Warped surfaces Class and Laboratory,8 hours b. Common geometricsolids c. Intersection of solids by planes (1) Plane surfaces Description (2) Curved surfaces d. Applications This to design problems course is a continuation of DP104. The 2. Developments instructional unitsprovide additionalunderstand- ings of drafting a. Types of surfaces problems, skills andtechniques (1) Developable that are essential to the work of the draftsman; (2) Nondevelopableor approximate emphasize designapplications and the depthof b. Types of developments background knowledgeneeded tocarry out draft- ing and design (1) Intersection ofplane and prism functions; and introduceseveral (2) Intersection ofplane and cylinder specialized draftingareas that are equally valu- able in preparation (3) Intersection ofplane and oblique for the design andproduction prism options.As in DP 104, emphasis is placedon (4) Intersection ofplane and oblique interpretation of industrialprints, familiarity with cylinder simplified draftingpractices, ability touse hand- books and other (5) Intersection of planeand pyramid source materials, adherenceto (6) Intersection of plane American Standards and cone for drafting; and thedevelop- (7) Truncatedobliquerectangular ment of skill in sketching.The units dealing with prisms design parts such as gears, cams, jigs and fixtures (8) Obliquecones (triangulation meth- pave the way for greater depthof instruction in od) the second year design courses. (9) Transition pieces (10) Intersecting prisms Major Divisions (11) Intersecting cylinders Class sad laboratory (12) Intersecting prisms Antra and cones I. Intersections andDevelopments 18 (13) Intersecting clyindersand cones II. Gears (14) Intersecting cylinder III. Cams 18 and sphere IV. Jigs and Fixtures 12 c. Methods of development 14 V. Architectural Drawing (1) Auxiliary views (Introduction) 10 (2) Rotation VI. Structural Drawing(Introduction) 10 VII. Electrical-ElectronicsDrafting (Introduction). (3) Triangulation VIII. Pipe Drawings 8 (Introduction) 8 (4) Gore method IX. Welding Drawings 8 (5) Zone method X. Perspective Drawing 10 3. Identification XL Charts, Graphs,and Tables of descriptivegeometry 10 principles related XII. Engineering DraftingPractices 10 to intersection and development problems andmethods I. Intersections and 4. Identification ofdevelopment problems Developments-18 hours with A. Class layouts B. Laboratory 1. Intersections 1. Draw orthographic a. Classification of surfaces viewsofobjects, (1) Ruled surfaces preferably machineor sheet metal parts or assemblies, involving (2) Single curvedsurfaces intersection of selected shapesor forms discussed in this 21 22 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGT-DESIGN AND PRODUCTION

division of thecourse, and develop lay- b. Development of cylindrical surface outs of these objects. c. Drawing procedures 2. Make a development ofa transition B. Laboratory piece involving theuse of true length 1. Using a set of written specifications, make lines. a drawing of a plate cam having a roller IL Gears-18 hours follower with a stroke of partly uniform. A. Class and partly simple harmonic motion. 1. Classifications and generalpurposes of 2. Make a drawing of a cylindricalcam with gears its developed view.Use a reciprocating 2. Spur gear and rack drawings or swinging follower moving with a a. Gear tooth nomenclature and formulas uniformly acceleratingor decelerating b. Gear tooth shape and development motion. c. Involute rack teeth 3. Make additional displacement diagrams d. Spur gear calculations and developed cylinder surfaces according e. Working drawings procedures includ- to specifications. ing cutting data IV. Jigs and Fixtures-14 hours 3. Bevel gear drawings A. Class a. Bevel gear nomenclature and formulas 1. Definitions b. Tooth development 2. Introduction to tool design principles c. Working drawing procedures including 3. Introduction to jig and fixture standards cutting data 4. Types of drill jigs 4. Worm and helical gear drawings a. Plate jig a. Nomenclature and formulas b. Angle plate b. Calculations c. Leaf drill c. Working drawing procedures including d. Shaft drill cutting data e. Rack and pinion 5. Location of gear data in handbooks f. Housing B. Laboratory 5. Types of fixtures 1. Make a drawing ofa spur gear and rack. a. Milling fixtures Draw a few teeth only, using the circle-arc (1) Tongues and slots method.Dimension the drawingcom- (2) Taper grooves pletely. b. Broaching 2. Make a complete working drawing oftwo c. Boring mating bevel gears showing the tooth d. Grinding shape.Dimension completely. e. Spot facing III. Cams-12 hours f. Tapping A. Class 6. Location of parts 7. Clamping devices and locks 1. Kinds of cams and theiruses 2. Plate or disc cam 8. Drill bushings a. Terminologycomponents 9. Drawing procedures b. Timing or displacement diagram a. Assemblies c. Cam profile construction b. Details d. Pivoted and flat-faced followers c. Dimensions e. Drawing principles B. Laboratory f. Cam dimensions 1. Referring to design specifications, drawa 3. Cylindrical cams working drawing of a drill jig of moderate a. Classification complexity involving an assembly and (1) Groove detailed drawings of parts completely (2) End dimensioned. COURSE OUTLINES 23 2. Working from design specifications,pre- b. Manual of standard practice pare complete working drawings of fix- c. Drawings, sections, and conventions tures for a lathe or milling machine. B. Laboratory V. ArchitecturalDrawing(Introduction)-10 Make detail drawings froma structural hours assembly. A. Class VII. Electri ;al- Electronics Drafting(Introduc- 1. Classification tion)-8 hours a. Floor plans b. Elevations A. Class c. Special layouts 1. Diagrams d. Sections and details a. Single wire b. Schematic 2. Architectural drawing standards a. Symbols 2. Electrical drafting techniques b. Units 3. Electrical symbols c. Handbooks 4. Typical electrical circuits a. Single and assembly 3. Architectural drawing techniques b. Printed B. Laboratory 5. Electrical charts 1. Analyze and interpret typicalarchitects' 6. Drawing of electrical equipment blueprints, particularly those dealing with 7. Study and interpretation ofindustrial factory or commercial buildings. prints 2. Draw typical detail sections. B. Laboratory VI. Structural Drafting (Introduction)-10hours 1. Make a schematic diagram froma simple A. Class wiring diagram. 1. Classification of structural drawings 2. Sketch the wiring ofa room like the 2. classroomorlaboratory.Includeall a. Shapes necessary symbols. b. Connectors c. Floor and erection plans VIII. Pipe Drawings (Introduction)-8hours d. Riveting A. Class e. Welding 1. Types of pipes and tubes f.Calculations a. Steel and wrought iron g. Handbook b. Cast iron h. Working drawings andconventions c. Copper 3. Timber structures 2. Pipe joints and fittings a. Materials a. Fittings b. Trusses b. Joints c. Connectors 3. Valves d. Working drawings and conventions a. Globe 4. Masonry structures b. Check a. Materials c. Gate (1) Brick 4. Pipe threads (2) Tile and terra cotta (3) Stone 5. Pipe hangers and supports b. Basic construction details 6. Pipe specifications and dimensions c. Drafting conventions 7. American Standard code 5. Reinforced concrete 8. Piping symbols a. Types of drawings 9. Piping drawings (1) Engineering a. Orthographic (2) Placing b. Isometric DESIGN ANDPRODUCTION 24 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY c.Curves and circles B. Laboratory 7. Perspectivesketching Make a diagramaticdrawing of apiping symbols for pipefittings B. Laboratory layout showing 1. Make aone-point perspectivedrawing and valves. of a machine part orobject. IX. WeldingDrawings-8 hours 2. Make atwo-point perspectivedrawing A. Class of a machine part orobject. fabrication of machines 1. Use indesign and XI Charts,Graphs, andTables-10 hours and structures 2. The welding process A. Class 1. Purposeand use inengineering practice a.Pressureweldingforging welding a.Graphical presentation b. Nonpressure b. Graphicalanalysis c.Resistance welding c.Graphical computation d. Other 2. Rectangularcoordinate line charts 3. Types ofwelded joints welds and symbols a.Mathematical 4. Arc and gas b. Time series 5. Resistancewelds and symbols drawings c.Engineering 6. Welding 3. Line chartelements a.Representation a. Grids b. Notes b. Scales andscale designations c.Dimensioning c.Points and curves B. Laboratory d. Titles and notes sketches of varioustypes of welds 1. Make 4. Types ofcharts and theirwelding symbols. a. Barcharts 2. Make aworking drawingof a welded part and weldingsymbols. b. Pie charts showing dimensions c. Flowcharts X. PerspectiveDrawing-10 hours d. Distributioncharts e.Semi-log charts A. Class drafting 1. Usesand applicationsto design f. Other 2. Elementsof a perspective B. Laboratory line bar,andpiecharts a.Station pointhorizon Make rectilinear, by the b. Pictureplane usingdataortables supplied c.Projectorsvisual rays instructor. point hours d. Vanishing X.11. EngineeringDrafting Practices-10 e.Ground line geometryprinciples A. Class 3. Descriptive 1. Simplifieddrafting a.Projectors points on pictureplane a.Economy vs. clarity b. Piercing b. Eliminationof views c. Linelength in perspective of elements c. Noscale 4. Location d. Eliminationof lines andelaboration a.Station point e.Omission of circlesfor holes b. Pictureplane dimensions Object in relationto horizon f. Arrow less c. g.Simplified base linedimensions 5. Typesof perspectives h. Mixedfreehand andinstrument draw- a.One-point perspective ing b. Two-pointperspective i. Abbreviations c.Three-pointperspective j. Templates 6. Drawingprocedures 2. Specialdrafting methodsand equipment a. Steps a.Special templatesand lettering guides b. Measurementof inclinedlines COURSE OUTLINES 25

b. Overlays GOURLEY.Welding Symbols c. Photo drawings HOELSCHER and SPRINGER.Engineering Drawingand d. Models Geometry e. Microfilm JONES.Gear Design Simplified KEPLER. f.Glass tracing table Basic Graphical Kinematics LEUCHTMAN and VEZZA NI.The Us etof Machinery's g. Specialdrawinginstrumentsand Handbook equipment LUZADDER. Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing h. Reproductionprocesses MILLAR and SHIELDS.Descriptive Geometry 3. Nature and use of handbooks, catalogues, OBERG and JONES.Machinery's Handbook ORTH, WORSENCRAFT, and DOKE.Theory and Practice of and other source materials Engineering Drawing B. Laboratory PARE, LOVING, and HILL.Descriptive Geometry 1. Inspect and interpret industrial drawings RAMSEY and SLEEPER.Architectural Graphic Standards RULE and WATTS.Engineering Graphics or prints involving simplified drawing SCHUMANN. Technical Drafting procedures. SHUPE and MACHOVIA. A Manual of EngineeringGeom- 2. Make a working drawing using simplified etry and Graphics for Students and Draftsmen drawing techniques. SPENCER.Basic Technical Drafting 3. Make an ink tracing involving usual and TRAUTSCHOLD.Standard Gear Book WINSTON.Machine Design special inking tools suchas special ruling Z OZZARD, Engineering Drawing pens, drop center compass, , lettering guifles, etc. Visual Aids Texts and References 1 Coronet Films, Coronet Building, ChicagoLanguageand Graphs AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION.Steel Construction, A Manual for Architects, Engineers, and McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., N.Y. Fabricators of Buildings and Other Steel Construction Oblique Cones and Transition Developments Shop Procedures . Structural Shop Drafting, V ols. I and II. AMISS and JONES.The Use of Handbook Tables and Simple Developments Formulas Simple Harmonic Motion BUCKINGHAM. Manual of Gear Design Purdue ,,niversity, Lafayette, Ind. CHURCH.Guillet'a Kinematics of Machines Ink Tracing DONALDSON and LACAI N. Tool Design U.S. Navy"United World" FAIRES and KEG WN.Mechanism Descriptive GeometryFinding the Line of Intersection FRENCH and VI ERCK, A Manual of Engineering Drawing for Between Two Solids. Students and Draftsmen Graphic Science U.S. Office of Education, Washington 25, D.C. FURMAN.Cams, Elementary and Advanced Principles of Gearing: An Introduction GIACHINO and BEUKEMA. EngineeringTechnical Draft- University of California, Educational Films Department, ing and Graphics UniversityExtension, Los Angeles24Perspective GIESECKE, MITCHELL, and SPENCER.Technical Drawing Drawing United World Films, Inc., 1250 Sixth Ave., NewYork 20. See Bibliography for publishers. Rectilinear Co-ordinates

I DESIGN OPTION D 205, Basic Mechanisms

Hours Required. 2. Definition of major terms a. Machine Class, 2; Laboratory, 9 b. Mechanism c. Links d. Motion Description B. Laboratory-0 hours A course dealing with the analysis of the motion II. Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration characteristics of a mechanism of existing design A. Class-4 hours and the application of this study in the design of 1. Definition of the terms a mechanism to provide desired motion charac- 2. Velocity and acceleration problems teristics.In the motion study-,absolute and 3. Relative motion relative velocities, acceleration., and the use of B. Laboratory-18 hours instantcentersarediscussed.Centrodes are 1. Lay out straight-line motion mechanism. studied as they apply to mechanism. Theuses of 2. Determine displacement ratio. belts and linkages are illustrated by problems. 3. Construct indicator mechanism Cam layout is taken up in detail and appropriate 4. Lay out circular path of indicator-driven problems are solved.Practical problems are used mechanism. in the study of gearing.Attention is also given 5. Construct Scotch yoke showing displace- to such mechanisms as ratchets, pantographs, ment, velocity, and acceleration curves. valves, clutches, and universal joints. Tabulate values. III. Instant Centers Major Divisions Labora- A. Class-2 hours Class tory hours hours 1. Definition I. Introduction 2 0 2. Kennedy's theorem II. Displacement, velocity, and accel- 3. Locating instant centers eration 4 18 III. Instant Centers 2 9 4. Describing centrodes IV. Plane Motion 2 9 B. Laboratory-9 hours V. Slider-Crank Mechanism 2 18 1. Construct four-bar linkage. VI. Cam Displacement Diagrams 2 18 2. Locate instant centers. VII. Disk Cams 2 18 VIII. Miscellaneous Cams 2 9 3. Lay out centrode. IX. Rolling Contact 2 0 4. Lay out skeleton diagram of six-bar link- X. Spur Gears 2 9 age mechanism. XI. Helical Gears 2 9 5. Locate instant centers of six-bar mecha- XII. Worm Gears 2 9 nism. XIII. Bevel Gears 2 9 XIV. Gear Trains 2 0 IV. Plane Motion XV. Flexible Connectors 2 0 XVI. Miscellaneous Mechanism A. Class-2 hours 2 9 1. Solution of linear and angular motion problems I. Introduction 2. Graphical solution of velocity and accel- A. Class-2 hours eration 1. Orientation to the course 3. Coriolis' Law 26 COURSEOUTLINZe 27 B. Laboratory-9 hours 2. Construct cam drawing with roller fol- 1. Draw four-bar mechanism in skeleton lower. form. VIII. Miscellaneous Cams 2. Determine graphically velocities andac- celeration. A. Class-2 hours 3. Apply Coriolis' Law in above solutions. 1. Cylinder 2. Positive motion V. Slider-Crank Mechanisms 3. Circular arc A. Class-2 hours 4. Automobile engine valve 1. Sliding block linkage 5. Adjustable drum 2. Quick return motion B. Laboratory-9 hours 3. Shaper mechanism 1. Draw a displacement diagram for cylinder 4. Fixed block linkage cam. B. Laboratory-18 hours 2. Lay out the development of cylinder. 1. Construct skeleton diagram ofa selected 3. Draw a plan and an elevation of thecam. slider-crank mechanism. IX. Rolling Contact 2. Lay out the following for the above A. Class-2 hours mechanism: 1. Conditions for rolling contact a. Polar velocity diagram. 2. Angular velocity ratio b. Velocity-displacement diagram. 3. Brush wheel and plate c. Velocity-time curve. 4. Profile construction d. Acceleration-displacement diagram. 5. Rolling ellipses e. Acceleration-time diagram. 6. Rolling cones 3. Calculate and construct graphical scales B. Laboratory-0 hours for velocity and acceleration. X. Spur Gears VI. Cam Displacement Diagrams A. Class-2 hours A. Class-2 hours 1. Purpose 1. Types of motions produced bycams 2. Types 2. Cam displacement diagrams 3. Nomenclature 3. Cam profile construction 4. Theory of operation B. Laboratory-18 hours 5. Velocity ratios 1. Construct cam displacement diagram for: 6. Applications a. Uniform velocity. B. Laboratory-18 hours b. Uniform accelerationor deceleration. Draw a pair of spurgears in mesh to a c. Simple harmonic motion. predetermined gear ratio.Calculate the d. Cycloidal motion. essentialgear-tooth proportions forthe VII. Disk Cams 14%° full-depth involute systemas well as A. Class-2 hours the 20° stub involute system. XI Helical Gears 1. Types of followers a. Knife edge A. Class-2 hours 1. Purpose b. Roller 2. Types c. Pivoted roller d. Flat faced 3. Nomenclature e. Pivoted flat faced 4. Operating principle 5. Velocity ratios f.Primary and secondary 6. Applications 2. Purpose of cams B. Laboratory-9 hours 3. Application of cams Lay out a pair of helicalgears with selected B. Laboratory-18 hours ratio.Show both proportions and helix 1. Lay out cam displacement diagram. angle. 661825-62--8 D 233, MachineDesign Hours Required (3) Bolt Class, 3; Laboratory,0 (4) Setscrew (5) Washers Description c. Initial and load stress d. Commercialsizes A course in which 3. Key the design principlesof ma- a. Rectangular chine elementsare taken up and calculationsare made in determining b. Woodruff the size and shapeof various 4. Pin machine parts. Itincludes factors whichinfluence the selection of the a. Straight materials to be usedin design- b. Tapered ing such elementsas beams, bearings, clutches, brakes, shafts,bushings,screws, rivets, gears, belts, IV. Power Transmission-27hours and flywheels.Attention is givento various types 1. Couplings of loading conditions, stresses,deformations, fits, a. Typessleevedor flanged finishes, and otherfactors whichmust be con- b. Classificationby action. sidered in the designof machine elements. (1) Rigid (2) Sliding Major Divisions (3) Flexible (4) Universal am lows I. Considerations c. Design in Machine Design 2 H. Strength ofMaterials Review (1) Empirical III. Fastenings.. 4 9 (2) Stress analysis IV. Power Transmission 2. Clutches V. Fits and Finishes 27 VI. Problems 3 a. Uses 6 b. Types (1) Friction I. Considerationsin Machine Design-2hours (2) Jaw 1. Problem Specifications c. Empirical design 2. Materials 3. Shaftssolid andhollow 3. Method of Manufacture a. Stresses 4. Cost b. Empirical formulas 5. Assembly c. Commercial sizes II. Strength ofMaterials Review-4hours 4. Bearings 1. Basic principles a. Types 2. Simple and compoundstresses b. Purpose 3. Hollow cylinders c. Lubrication III. Fastenings-9hours d. Empirical design 1. Rivet 5. Belts 2. Screw a. Types a. Types of threads (1) Flat b. Application (2) Vee (1) Stud (3) Chain (2) Machine b. Materials screw c. Selection 29 30 MECHANICALTECHNOLOGYDEMON AND PRODUCTION

6. Pulleys 12. Connecting rods s Types b. Rims V. Fits and Finishes-3 hours c. Construction 1. Fits (1) Material a. Standard fits (2) Arms b. Tolerance and allowance (3) Keys 2. Finish 7. Flywheel a. Standards a. Purpose b. Machine b. Design c. Grinding 8. Screw d. Lap a. Application e. Blast and pickle b. Design f. Applied 9. Gears VI. Problems-6 hours a. Materials and methods of fabrication b. Types Texts and References1 (1) Spur and pinion (2) Rack and pinion BRADFORD.Machine Design. (3) Bevel LEGRAND.The New American Machinists' Handbook. (4) Worm and wheel larcrrwmrs. Element. of Machine Design. c. Forms of teeth MALLEY.Machine Design. Miami. Mechanical Engineers Handbook. (1) 14% degree composite MERRIMAN.Strength of Materials. (2) 14% degree involute Ozzito andJoNzs. Machinery's Handbook. (3) 20 degree involute ROSENTHALandBISCHOP.Elements of Machine Design. d. Empirical proportions "Spiral Type Bevel Gears" in Machinery, Volume23, p. 10. Cams 199. "Stresses and Deflections of Shafts" in AmericanMa- a. Type chinist, Volume 37, p. 1027 and Volume 38,p. 10. b. Motion WINSTON.Machine Design. 11. Cranks 1 Bee Bibliography for publishers. D 234, Ludo Tool Design

Hours Required 2. Make a machine tool line-up for a part to be machined.List all operations in cor Class, 1; Laboratory 6 rect sequence and the type of machine to be used for each operation. Description II. Manufacturing Processes A. Clue-1 hour Lectures, classroom discussion, and actual draw- 1. Primary manufacturing processes ing board work are combined to help the student a. Casting gain knowledge and experience necessary to de- b. press stamping sign tools commonly used in modern manufactur- c. ing.The work consists of designing and laying d. out cutting tools, gauges, simple jigs,fixtures, and e. Extruding dies.Mass production methods are discussed so f. Molding thatthe student may apply the information 2. Secondary manufacturing processes gained in the practical work of tool designing. a. Common machine operations b. Mass production operations 3. Tolerances and allowances Major Divisions Labora... Ulma... km.tory 4. Welding I. The Tool Designer 1 3 B. Laboratory-3 hours IL Manufacturing Processes__ - - 1 3 1. Sketch a shaft running in a bushing. III. Spring Selection 1 3 Show the allowance and the tolerances of 2 9 IV. Cutting Tools of the mating dimensions. V. Gauges 2 16 VI. Jigs and Fixtures 4 30 2. By sketches, interpret the more commonly VII. Punches and Dies 4 86 used welding symbols. 2 6 VIII. Turret Lathe Tools 1:11. Spring Selection A. Class-1 hour I. The Tool Designer 1. Coil springs A. Class-1 hour a. Classification 1. Manufacturing problems b. Specification a. Cost of selling andmarketing c. Design formulas b. Cost of labor and manufacturing 2. Flat springs c. Economic lot size a. Classification d. Machine tool line-up b. Design e. Redesign foreconomical manufacture B. Laboratory-3 hours f. The tool designer 1. Calculate required size coil springs for a 2. Tool drafting specific job. a. Drawing technique 2. Calculate size of cantilever spring togiven b. Standards specifications. c. Checking ofdrawings d. Catalog studies IV. Cutting Tools B. Laboratory-3 hours A. Class-2 hours 1. Redesign a workpiece for greater ease 1. Single point cutting tools and economy in manufacturing.Make a. Classification sketches with all necessary dimensions. b. Tool angles 31 82 MECHANICAL TECHN'OLOGYDEIGN AND PRODUCTION c. Forces on cutting tools 3. Design a lathe fixture for turning, facing, d. Tool holders boring, and tapping operation'. e. Tipped tools VII. Punches and Dies 2. Multiple-edge cutting tools a. Classification A. Class-4 hours b. Inserted blade cutters 1. Classification 3. Continuous-edge cutting tools 2. Presswork operations a. Friction 3. Special dies b. Abrasive wheels 4. Punch and die details 5. Punch and die design B. Laboratory-9 hours 1. Sketch a carbide-tipped lathe cutting tool. B. Laboratory-36 hours Dimension all cutting angles. 1. Design a simple blanking and piercing 2. Design an inserted tooth millingcutter. die to punch out a specific workpiece. 2. Design a progressive die to produce V. Gauges stampings according to specifications. A. Class -2 hours 3. Design a bending die to perform u 1. Fixed size gauges assigned. a. Classification b. "Go" and "No go" gauges VIII. Turret Lathe Tools c. blocks A. Class-2 hours d. Gauge tolerances 1. Turret lathe tooling 2. Indicating gauge fixtures a. The turret lathe a. Classification b. General tooling principle b. Magnifying devices c. Standard turret lathe tools c. Automatic gauges 2. Automatic screw machine tools d. Projection gauges a. External turning tools 3. Comparative b. Internal cutting tools a. Optical c. Cam design b. Templates B. Laboratory-6 hours B. Laboratory----15 hours 1. Make an operations sheet for a workpiece 1. Design a flush-pin gauge to check the to be made in a turret lathe.Sketch depth of a hole. the turret and indicate the position and 2. Design a template gauge to cheek the the kind of tools required. profile of a work-piece. 2. Design a set of cams for a specific job to 3. Design an indicator gauge fixture to be done on a Brown and Sharpe screw check the concentricity of a shaft. machine.Provide a table of operations VI. Jigs and Fixtures with throw, feed and revolutions for each operation. A. Class-4 hours 3. Design a forming tool for a Brown and 1. Classification of jigs Sharpe screw machine. 2. Classification of fixtures 3. Jig and fixture details 4. Design procedure Texts and References 1 B. Laboratory-30 hours WILSON. Tool Engineers Handbook 1. Design a diameter drill jig for drilling a BROWN AND SHARPE MANUFACTURING CO.Automatic hole in a pin. Screw Machines 2. Design a milling fixture for either face CALVIN AND HAAS.Jigs and Fixtures milling or end milling.Provide setup COLE. Tool Design gauges.State the kind and size of milling DONALDSON AND LECAIN. Tool Design machine for which the fixture is designed. see Bibliography tor publishers. COUR& OUTLINES 33

FLINCH AND VISICX. A Manual of Engineering Drawing LIGRAND.The New American Machinists' Handbook for Student, and Draftsmen Nsw Yost EITATZ VOCATIONAL AND PRACTICAL AVIS ALSO-. theozaz.Precision Measurement and Gaging Techniques CIATION.Jigs and Fixture Design HINMAN. Di. Engineering Layouts and Formulas ORZRO AND JONZ8.Machinery's Handbook. Practical Design for Drilling, Milling, and Tap- RDSIN017. Tool Engineering ping Tools ST. CLAIR.Design and Use of Cutting Tools Room AND SCRUMACRISR.Tool and Die Drafting STANLRY.Punches and Diu hurriams.Tool Design Wmeore. AVMS Die Design Handbook D 235, Design Problems

Hours Required II.Design Considerations A. Class-1 hour Class, 1; Laboratory, 9 1. What is the machine to do? 2. How is it to do it? Description 3. Similar designs in use 4. Specifications Opportunities in advanced drafting room prac- 5. Moving and fixed parts tice are offered inthis course.The student 8. Power source applies his knowledge of mathematics, science, 7. Space and weight and drawing to practical problems while he is 8. Cost designing complete machines or component parts 9. Strength of machines. He analyzes the problem, gathers 10. Rigidity data, sketches ideas on paper, does allnecessary 11. Lubrication mathematical calculations, makes working draw- 12. Reliability ings, and finally checks his work.Throughout 13. Durability the course he is encouraged to use his judgment 14. Safety and work on his own initiative. 15. Economy of operation 16. Manufacturing Major Divisions Labora- 17. Appearance Claaa tory bornhow. 18 Potent considerations I. Introduction 1 19. .A SE embly II. Design Considerations 1 20. Use of standard parts III. Data Gathering 1 21. Use of interchangeable parts IV. Application of Mathematics to Design_ 1 22. Servicing V. Economy in Design 1 VI. Drafting Room Practices 1 III. Data Gathering VII. Design Projects 11 153 A. Class-1 hour 1 Much of the lecture work deals with specific problems the studentsen- 1. Output specifications counter in their design projects, particularly division VII. Students actually 2. Ideas obtained from similar designs start their laboratory work at the beginning of the course. 3. Manufacturers' catalogues I.Introduction 4. Handbooks A.Class-1 hour 5. Technical pamphlets and magazines 1. Classification of machines 6. Consultation with experts 2. Design of a machine IV. Application of Mathematics to Design a. Application of kinematics and machine A. Class-1 hour design 1. Algebraic equations b. Selection of materials 2. Empirical formulas c. Determination of forces 3. Tables d. Computations 4. Charts and graphs e. Proportions of machine parts 5. Mechanics f.Standard machine parts 6. Strength of materials g. Engineering drawing 7. Graphical solutions 34 COURSE OUTLINES 35 V. Economy in Design designed to provide space and movement A. Class-1 hour to comply with specifications.The drill 1. Material is to be hand fed into the work. 2. Weight 3. Speed Reducer-36 hours 3. Manufacturing Design a speed reducer witha specified 4. Interchangeability of parts speed ratio and a given horsepower.Use 5. Complexity of design either a pair of helicalspur gears or a 6. Special skills worm and worm gear.The unit is to be 7. Special equipment fully enclosed and splash lubricated. 8. Mass production 4. Punch Press-66 hours 9. Assembly Design a belt-driven punchpress to 10. Standard parts pierce a specified hole ina steel plate at a 11. Shipment given rate of speed. 12. Modular size 5. Miscellaneous Design Projects VI. Drafting Room Practices Air cylinder A. Class-1 hour Chain block Crane hoist 1. Idea sketching Die 2. References Fixture 3. Engineering layout 4. Experimental models Gasoline engine 5. Detailing Hydraulic jack Jig 6. Checking Pump 7. Tooling 8. Plan layout Screw jack Wood turning lathe VII. Design Projects Water turbine A. Class-11 hours Discuss problems that" arise duringthe Texts and References 1 designing of the various projects. B. Laboratory-153 hours ALBERT. Machine Design Drawing Problems Suggested Design Projects BLACK. Machine Design FRENCH and VIERCK.Engineering Drawing 1. Tool Grinder-48 hours KENT.Mechanical Engineers' Handbook Design a bench grinder with twoemery LEGRAND.The New American Machinists' Handbook wheels to operate at a specified constant MARKS.Mechanical Engineers' Handbook speed through a V-belt drive. OBERG and JONES.Machin ery's Handbook 2. Drill Press-54 hours SNOW and RUSSELL.Machine Drafting TOZER and RISING.Machine Drawing Design a bench drillpress todrill a WINSTON.Machine Design specified maximum size hole.The drill must be able to run at different speeds. Manufacturers' catalogs and manuals. Use belt drive.The drill press should be I See Bibliography for publishers.

861825-62-4 PRODUCTIONOPTION P 204, Methodsand OperationsAnalysis

Major Divisions .Labo Hours Required Classratory hours hours Class 3; Laboratory, 3 I. History of MethodsEngineering 2 0 II. Process Charts 8 10 III. Operations Analysis 6 4 4 4 Description IV. Motion Study V. Micromotion andMemomotion Study.. 2 2 6 6 techniques used in deter- VI. Predetermined TimeSystems___ _ Understanding of the VII. Factory Cost 2 0 mining the best wayof doing a specific pieceof VIII. Equipment used inTime Study 2 1 4 work is developedthrough the systematicstudy IX. Elements of TimeStudy 2 tools and equipment forthe X. Performance Rating 4 4 of methods, materials, 2 2 finding the most economical wayof do- XI. Allowances purpose of XII. Standard or AllowedTime 2 2 ing the work, standardizingthe methods and pro- XIII. Standard Data andFormulas 5 8 cedures to be followed,and determining thetime XIV. Work Sampling 2 4 required by an averageworker to perform the XV. Wage PaymentPlans 2 0 various tasks. Laboratory activities includethe analysis of the I. History of MethodsEngineering fundamental physicalmotions, the constructionof A. Class-2 hours various charts, the practiceof dividing operations 1. Introduction into elements, andtime study observations.Ad- a. Theproduction function ditional experience isgained in recognizing and b. Scope ofmethods engineering and giving value to foreignelements, allowances, and time study performance rating, and incalculating average c.Methods engineering cycle time, minimumobservations, and standard d. Time studyrequirements times. e. Wagepayment The techniques formaking methods and opera- 2. Developmentof Motion and Time Study tions analyses, asoutlined in this course, arein- a. Taylorand Gilbreth tended for the purposeof methods engineering, b. Motion study operations analysis,production scheduling and c.Early contemporaries process flowchart preparation and notfor the d. Organizations settling of jurisdictional matters orin the setting e. Presenttrends of wages or hours.* f.Responsibility toward time B. Laboratory-0hours 'Seemly^ of the controversial natureof some of the topics included 1 a this effort be made to obtain the course o it is recommended that a special II. Process Charts latest authoritative informationavailable for instructional purposes. In any study of methods and operations,especially where the work and pay of A. Class-8 hours individuals are concerned, both theinstructor and the student have a re- 1. Introduction sponsibility for complete objectivity. 36 COURSEOUTLINES 37 2. Operation process chart 3. Other motion study photographic tech- 3. Flow process chart niques 4. Man and machine process chart a. Memomotion study 5. Gang process chart b. Cyclegraphic and chronocyclegraphic 6. Operator process chart study B. Laboratory-10 hours B. Laboratory-2 hours 1. Make an operation process chart Construct a simo-chart for a specific assem- 2. Make a flow process chart. bling operation. 3. Make a man and machine chart. VI. Predetermined Time Systems 4. Make a gang process chart. A. Class-6 hours III. Operations Analysis 1. Introduction A. Class-6 hours 2. Definition 1. Introduction 3. Predetermined time systems 2. Purpose of operation a. Work factor 3. Design of part b. Methods-time-measurement 4. Tolerances and specifications c. Basic motion time study 5. Material d. Motion-time analysis 6. Process of manufacture e. Dimensional motion times 7. Setup and tools 4. Application 8. Working conditions B. Laboratory-6 hours 9. Material handling Analyze specific operations in terms of the 10. Plant layout basic division of accomplishment and calcu- 11. Principles of motion economy late the total cycle time by applying syn- B. Laboratory-4 hours thetic basic motion time values. 1. Determine method of doing a specific VII. Factory Cost job.Establish a proposed method. 2. Determinebest method ofdoinga A. Class-2 hours particular job in terms of quantity and 1. Introduction quality.Consider tooling and labor costs. 2. Job analysis 3. Job evaluation IV. Motion Study a. Ranking method A. Class-4 hours b. Classification method 1. Fundamental motions (Therbligs) c. Factor comparison method 2. Principles of motion economy d. Point system 3. Theory of motion economy 4. Labor standards 4. Motion analysis as applied in planning 5. Cost distribution B. Laboratory-4 hours B. Laboratory-0 hours 1. Identify the fundamental motions in specific tasks and describe their function. VIII. Time Study Equipment 2. Construct an operation instruction card. A. Class-2 hours V. Micromotion and Memomotion Study 1. Necessary equipment 2. Auxiliary equipment A. Class-2 hours 3. Special equipment 1. Introduction 4. Forms a. Preparation for a micromotion study b. Equipment B. Laboratory-1 hour 2. Motion pictures Convert decimal minutes to decimal hours. a. Analyzing the film IX. Elements of Time Study b. Creating and improving method A. Class-2 hours c. Teaching and standardizing the new 1. Analysis of materials and methods method 2. Elemental breakdown 38 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY-DESIGN AND PRODUCTION

3. Types of studies XII. Standard or Allowed Time 4. Taking the study A. Class-2 hours 5. Rating 1. Concept 6. Allowances 2. Standard time 7. Calculationsaverage cycle time, mini- 3. Types of standards mum cycles 4. Maintenance of standards B. Laboratory-4 hours B. Laboratory-2 hours Practice dividing operations into elements Using time study of an operation, evaluate based on time study observations ofopera- the time study and thencompare it with tion cycles.Record the time consumed standard time data.Convert to decimal by each element and difficulties encount- hour per hundred pieces and calculate ered and calculate average cyde time and operator efficiency. minimum number of cycle study require- ments. XIII. Standard Data and Formulas A. Class-5 hours X. Performance Rating 1. Direct work standards A. Class-4 hours a. Observation sheet 1. Necessity of rating b. Spread or comparison sheet 2. Concept of normal c. Manual and machine elements 3. Principles of rating d. Constants 4. Rating method e. Variables 5. Analysis of rating f. Development of standard aata 6. Training for rating g. Application of data B. Laboratory-4 hours 2. Indirect work standards a. Need 1. Analyze time study data resulting from b. Methods analysis observations of different individualsper- forming the same task; compute the c. Types systematic error, mean deviation, absolute B. Laboratory-8 hours error for each person and for the group. 1. Develop standard times of constant and variable elements for various types of 2. Analyze time study data and apply the work and machines. more common techniques of performance 2. Make graphs,tables and monograms rating such as skill and effort rating, showing standard times for objective rating, and synthetic rating. press working, foundry operations, and machiningopera- XI Allowances tions. A. Class-2 hours XIV. Work Sampling 1. Types A. Class-2 hours a. Personal 1. Details b. Fatigue 2. Application c. Delay 3. Control chart d. Machining 4. Technique 2. Application of allowances B. Laboratory-4 hours B. Laboratory--2 hours 1. Use the alignment chart to determine Using time study data on an operation, the number of observations required for calculate the standard time after determining a given degree of accuracy.Use the for- and applying personal, fatigue, delay, and mula tocheck theaccuracy ofthe machining allowances as they apply to each alignment chart. element. 2. Conduct a simple work sampling project. COURSE OUTLINES 39 XV. Wage Payment Plans BARNES.Motion and Time Study A. Class-2 hours CARSON.Production Handbook 1. Direct financial plans CLOSE. Work Improvement 2. Indirect financial plans KRICK.Methods Engineering LINCOLN.Lincoln's Incentive Program 3. Nonfinancial plans LOWRY AND STEGEMERTEN.Time and Motion Study B. Laboratory-0 hours MANDEL.Motion and Time Study MAYNARD.Industrial Engineering Handbook MAYNARD, STEGEMERTEN, andSCHWAB. Methods Time Texts and References 1 Measurement NADLER.Motion and Time Study AFLCIO. Wage Incentive Plans;Declines of Wage Incen- NADWORNEY. Scientific Management and the Unions tives; Time Study; Job Evaluation Plans;Predetermined NIEBEL.Laboratory Manual for Motion andTime Study Time Systems in the U.S.A. . Motion and Time Study AMERICAN SOCIETY OF TOOL ENGINEERS.Tool Engineers STOCKER.Materials Handling Handbook I See Bibliography for publishers. P 234, Plant Layout and Materials Handling

Hours Required II. Types of Plant Layouts A. Class-3 hours Class 3; Laboratory 3 1. Elements of production 2. The classic types Description 3. Combination 4. Economies of types Emphasisisplaced upontherelationship 5. Line production goal between good plant layout and efficient materials B. Laboratory-10 hours handling.Evaluation of the site and planning of 1. Construct a table showing the possible the factory building are done with consideration of combinations of the elements of produc- transportation, shipping and receiving, power, tion and give descriptive examples of each. heat, light, and air conditioning.Selection and 2. Make a layout of a work area showing the arrangement of production machinery, product principle of layout -by -fixed- position. and process layout schemes, techniques of making 3. Make a layout of a work area showing the layouts, and balance and flexibility of operations principle of layout-by-process. are fully discussed.Study is also made of the 4. Make a layout of a work area showing the basic packaging and materials protection methods principle of layout-by-product. along with intensive consideration of the specific types of equipment used in the movement of III. Factors Influencing Plant Layout incoming, in-process, storage, and waste materials. A. Class-15 hours The coursecenters upon the fundamental 1. Material principles of materials handling and the factors 2. Machinery, tools, and equipment affectingplantlayout.Theseprinciplesare 3. Man therefore constantly referred to during laboratory 4. Movement activities which include developing the general 5. Waiting overall layout, detailing each area, making scale 6. Service models and arranging them, and drawing in the 7. Building flow diagram for final evaluation. 8. Change 9. Zoning 10. Process requirements Major Divisions Labo- 11. Safety Crass ratory *ours /ours a. Men I. Introduction 2 0 b. Materials II. Types of Plant Layouts 3 10 III. Factors Influencing Plant Layout 15 10 B. Laboratory-10 hours IV. Materials Handling 15 18 1. Take inventory of equipment and ma- V. Planning the Layout 16 15 chinery of a typical shop and calculate the required floor area. I. Introduction 2. Constructmultiproduct flow-process A. Class-2 hours chart. 1. Layouts of the past IV. Materials Handling 2. Purpose A. Class-15 hours 3. Nature of plant layout problems 1. Basic principles B. Laboratory-0 hours 2. Methods analysis 40 COURSE OUTLINES 41 3. Types of movements 9. Presenting the layout 4. Classification andtypes of equipment 10. Installing the layout a. Comparison 11. Relationship of quality to type of layout b. Handling times 12. Layout improvements 5. Packaging methods and materials a. Domestic B. Laboratory-15 hours b. Foreign 1. Make a plant layout for completeprocess- 8. Storage facilities ing of a product madeup of several 7. Handling costs in-plant-processed and outside-purchased components. B. Laboratory-16 hours 2. Make a list of machinery andequipment 1. Draw floor plan andarrange machinery requirements andarrange them in the and equipment to conformto the "layout- order ofthe processes determined in by-process" type. Draw in flowdiagram, assignment 1. show inspectionareas, and list types of handling equipment. 2. Make a floor plan fora given number of Texts and References1 stations and operations usingthe pro- duction-by-product principle. Showma- AlIZRICANSOCIITY OF TOOL ENGINE/MRS. Tool Engineers terial flow, necessary handling Handbook equipment, HAYNRS.Materials Handling Equipment and inspection stations. Imiezu.Layout Planning Techniques V. Planning the Layout. . Materials Handling Macaw; and GRANT. Handbook of IndustrialEngineering A. Class-16 hours and Management 1. Guiding fundamentals DitiA.LLICE andGAUDREII. Plant Layout Planning and 2. Planning approach Practice 3. Obtaining the facts MAYNARD.Industrial Engineering Handbook 4. Determining the flow MOORII. Plant Layout and Design WITHER.Practical Plant Layout 5. Diagramming the flow RZLD.Plant Layout 6. Measuring time involved &omen. Materials Handling 7. Visualizing the layout

8. Comparing with alternate layouts 1 gee Bibliography for publishers. P 244, Process Planning

Hours Required 3. Processing procedure a. Identification Class 3; Laboratory 3 b. Activities defined c. Operation sequence Description B. Laboratory-9 hours 1. Plan the operations of a process. A comprehensive study of the fundamental 2. Construct process chart. principles,practices, and methods of process 3. Establish feeds and speeds. planning.The responsibilities and range of ac- tivities normally associated with prn.!ess planning II. Process and Operation Selection are surveyed; also the relationship of process A. Class-9 hours planning to other manufacturing functions. 1. Types of processes The course is made more meaningful by con- 2. Operation of a process stant reference to concrete examples, interpreta- a. Source of materials tion of charts, operation analysis, and routing b. Enterprise protection forms.Student participation is provided through c. Critical operations (locating points or selected case problems having single or multiple surfaces) solutions.Additional classroom activities include d. Placementoperations (nondimen- the actual process planning of selected jobs in sional) terms of description and the sequence of opera- e. Tie operations (supporting) tions, tolling determination, setup time estimating, f. Assembly operations feed and speed calculations, process and machinery 3. Contents of a process plan selection. a. Identification of purpose b. Designation of area c. Specifications of methods Major Divisions Labora- Clam tor, d. Specification of quality and tooling Roars ham I. Process Planning Function 8 9 e. Specification of performance II. Process and Operation Selection 9 9 f.Quantity requirement III. Designing for Manufacture 5 9 4. Use of process chart IV. Equipment Planning and Tooling Se- a. Types lection 9 9 b. Construction V. Process Planning the Job 18 15 VI. Case Problems 12 0 B. Laboratory-9 hours Plan the operations of two or more processes I. Process Planning Function requiring the use of the basic machine tools. A. Class-3 hours III. Designing for Manufacture 1. Development of process engineering A. Class-5 hours a. Introduction 1. Product design b. Qualification a. Definition c. Preliminary requisites for processing b. Prime concept 2. Tools of the process engineer c. Benefits a. Analysis sheet (methods) d. Organization b. Machine capability chart 2. Economics in product design c. Machine and tool availability chart a. Factors affecting costs d. Process chart b. Calculating worth of design 42 COITUS]

c. Evaluating a design proposal b. Commercial shapes d. Improving the design c. Natural sequence e. Material selection d. Interference B. Laboratory-9 hours 4. The flow diagram 1. Analyze product designs. 5. The operation analysis sheet 2. Plan the operations of three processes. a. Identification 3. Establish cycle times. b. Operations 4. Determine machine types and capacities. c. Setup d. Tools and equipment IV. Equipment Planning and Tooling Selection e. Working conditions A. Class-9 hours f.Details of analysis 1. Types of equipment B. Laboratory-15 hours 2. Replacement of machinery and equip- 1. Plan the operations of several processes ment involving several component partsof a. Need for replacement different materials, the selected product b. Basic problems for processing to be such that it requires c. Pattern for replacement studies punch press, foundry, welding, machining d. Selection of machines and equipment and assembling operations. 3. Production line techniques 2. Prepare master process sheets for each a. Underlying principles component. b. How to plan c. Methods of balance VI. Case Problems 4. Tooling selection A. Class-12 hours a. Types and classifications 1. Product development b. Principles of dimensioning a. A hew machine tool c. Workpiece location b. A new product d. Workpiece clamping 2. Machinery e. Operation tolerance a. Replacement policy f.Stock allowances b. Rebuilding program B. Laboratory-9 hours c. Preventive maintenance 1. Plan the operations of a process using the 3. Materials principle of multiple tooling and com- a. Purchase department bined and simultaneous operations to be b. Selection of sources performed on a turret lathe, hand screw c. Decision to make or buy machine or automatic screw machine. d. Mechanical handling 2. Determine tooling requirements. 4. Process improvement a. Workplace arrangement V. Process Planning the Job b. Balancing assembly line A. Class-13 hours c. Man-machine utilization 1. Methods of approach B. Laboratory-0 hours a. The basic questions b. Action expected c. Flow process chart Texts and References' 2. Determining the operations AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. Metals a. Machine availability EngineeringProcesses. b. Tolerances AMERICAN SOCIETY OF TOOL ENGINEERS.Tool Engineers c. Material Handbook. ANDERSON and BANCROFT.Statistical Theory in Research d. Surface finish BOWLER and LIBERMAN.Handbook of Industrial Sta- e. Number of passes or stations tistics. 3. Establishing sequence of operations a. Reference surface 1 See Bibliography for publishers. 44 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGYDESIGN AND PRODUCTION

Emma& An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its IRESON andTHANT.Handbook of Industrial Engineering Application and Management FREEMAN.Industrial Statistics MAYNARD.Industrial Engineering Handbook Host. Introduction to Mathematical Statistics Moon. Introduction to the Theory of Statistics HOLDEN andSHALLENEERGER.Selected Cass Problems in WAUGH.Elements of Statistical Method Industrial Management Wax*.Elementary Statistical Analysis P 214, Production Problems

Hours Required 4. The detail method 5. The basic time study method Class 1; Laboratory 9 8. The ratio method 7. Estimating forms Description B. Laboratory-6 hours 1. Determine shape weights offorging. A detailed study is made of various production and castings. activities and the problems associatedwith them. 2. Determine cut weights, bar Problems and weights, and cases are solved through the use of consumed weights of fabricated materials. available data in texts and engineeringhandbooks. Discussion of each topic begins witha consider- II. Cost Estimating Elements ation of the nature of the problem andcontinues A. Class-3 houre with a presentation of the detailed approachto 1. Use of graphs and tables be employed in its solution.Some problems deal 2. Preparation time (setup) with the analysis of the elements of production 3. Tool maintenance scheduling.Others deal with methods of deter- 4. Performance time mining production costs in terms oflabor, material, 5. Personal allowances and burden.Balancing work stationson produc- 6. Process loss allowances tion lines by graphic,as well as by mathematical 7. Number of operations andpasses means to achieve constant flow and calculating 8. Sequence of operations machine capacities to establish completiondates, 9. Quality requirements represent a major portion of the laboratory work. 10. Materials Simulated industrial office atmospherepermits 11. Labor and burden rates student groups representing various departments 12. Departmental costs and functions of production to workcooperatively 13. Difficulty factors to achieve common objectives.Constant use of B. Laboratory-45 hours blueprints throughout thecourse strengthens the 1. Determine machining times,setup times, ability of the student to visualize andto intupret and handling times for variousspecified them. jobs. 2. Construct feed, speed, andrpm charts and graphs. Major Divisions fLabora- Class tory 3. Calculate the total cost of manufacturing hours hours specified items in given quantities I. Cost Estimating Methods 3 6 in II. Cost Estimating Elements 3 45 terms of applicable factors. III. Production Activities 3 27 III. Production Activities IV. Quantitative Analysis_ 8 75 A. Class-3 hours 1. Scheduling I. Cost Estimating Methods 2. Machine loading A. Class-3 hours 3. Design changes 1. Introduction 4. Methods improvement 2. Estimating requirements 5. Inventory 3. General methods 6. Work areas a. Weights, sizes and commercial shapes 7. Work hazards b. Tool costs and tool life 8. Scrap and salvage 45 46 MECHANICALTECHNOLOGYDESIGN AND PRODUCTION 9. Processing b. Economic order quantityformula 10. Balancing production lines c. To make vs. to buy B. Laboratory-27 hours d. ABC analysis 1. Schedule for production specified jobsin B. Laboratory-75 hours quantity having several componentparts 1. Solve order problems, usingthe index and given target dates.Consider m.a- method in which several orders xial in stock, lead time, are pro- scrap ratio, proc- grammed on a given number ofmachines, essing techniques, machine loads,and and have specified standardtimes for possible change in design to reduce and each piece and machine hoursavailable. simplify operations. 2. Solve problems in linearprogramming, 2. Solve problems in production linebalanc- using the modified distribution ing by equating time standards, method, number with specific order loads, availablema- of personnel, combining andeliminating chine times, standard piecesper hour, and operations,reducingelementaltimes, cost per piece. changing feeds and speeds, and intro- 3. Estimate engineering, founding,forging, ducing special purpose machines. stamping, machining, assembling,pack- IV. Quantitative Analysis aging, and shipping costs andset up A. Class-8 hours production scheduling fora typical in- 1. Operation research dustrial product. a. Place in industry b. Cost Texts and References c. Application (1) Quening theory AMERICAN SOCIETY OF TOOL ENGINEERS. Tool Engineers (2) The model Handbook. HENRICI.Standard Costs for Manufacturing. (3) Optimum distribution of effort KOEPIEE.Plant Production Control. (4) Appraisal MAYNARD.Industrial Engineering Handbook. 2. Linear programming MILES.Techniques of Value Analysis andEngineering. a. Index method NORDOFF.Ma' hine Shop Estimating. b. The modified distribution method SCHEELE. Princip:es and Design of ProductionControl Systems. c. Simplex method (introduction) THUESEN.Engineering Economy. 3. Economic order quantity VoRis.Production Control. a. Computing standard order quantity s See Bibliography for publishers. MATHEMATICS ANDSCIENCE M 115, Mathematics I

Hours Required 2. Fundamental Operations a. Integers Class, 5; Laboratory, 0 b. Fractions c. Decimals Description d. Changing fractionsto decimals 3. Percentage The choice of topics and the orderin which they are presented integrate mathematics with the Basic Slide Rule-3 hours technical courses in the curriculumto their mutual 1. Types of slide rules and calculators benefit.Thus the basic slide rule operationsare 2. Multiplication and division introduced early in thecourse so that the student 3. Powers of ten can use this tool to advantage in othercauses. 4. Combined multiplication anddivision As the various topicsare introduced the meaning 5. Squaring andsquare root and underlying principles of eachand the role each Fundamental Algebraic Operations-7hours plays in mechanical technologyshould be consid- 1. Positive and negative numbers ered before the subject proper is explored.Prac- 2. Review of addition, subtraction,multipli- tical problems following theexposition of each cation, and division major topic will help to motivate thestudent and 3. Review of factoring will strengthen his understandingof the principles 4. Review of fractions involved. Prerequisites: Oneyear each of high school al- IV. Equations and Formulas-12 hours gebra and geometry. 1. Meaning and underlying principlesof equations Major Divisions 2. Solvingfirstdegree equations inone Clan hours unknown I. Arithmetic Review 3 3. Formula rearrangement and evaluation II. Basic Slide Rule 3 4. Significant figures and approximatecompu- III. Fundamental Algebraic Operations 7 tation IV. Equations and Formulas 12 V. Applied Problems in Planeana Solid Mensu- V. Applied Problems in Plane andSolid Mensura- ration 6 tion-6 hours VI. Introduction to Analytic Geometry and Graph- 1. Area and volume of ing 8 common figures and VII. Simultaneous Equations 8 solids VIII. Exponents, Radicals, and ComplexNumbers 8 2. Relations in triangle, quadrilateral,and IX. Quadratic Equations in One Unknown 7 circle X. Ratio, Proportion, Variation 3 3. Applied problems in geometry XI. Logarithms 10 XII. Introduction to Trigonometry 10 VI. IntroductiontoAnalyticGeometry and Graphing-8 hours I. Arithmetic Review-3 hours 1. Rectangular coordinate system 1. Number systems 2. Meaning of function in mathematics a. Decimal 3. Graphing a function b. Binary 4. Graphing technical data 47 48 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY-DESIGN AND PRODUCTION 5. Equation of the straight line XII. Introduction to Trigonometry-10 hours 6. Concept of slope 1. purpose of trigonometry VII. Simultaneous Equations-8 hours 2. Definitions of six functions of an acute 1. Linear equations in two unknowns angle 2. Linear systems in three unknowns 3. Trigonometric tables 3. Solution by determinants 4. Solution of right triangles 4. Illustrative practice technical problems 5. Applied problems in right triangles VIII. Exponents, Radicals, and Complex Numbers-8 hours Texts and References 1. Review of law of exponents 2. Relationship between fractional exponents ANDRES, MISER, and REINGOLD.Basic Mathematics for Science and Engineering and radicals CHEMICAL RUBBER PUBLISHING COMPANY.C. R.C. 3. Meaning of the complex number Standard Mathematica Tablet, 4. Basic operations with complex numbers CORRINGTON. Applied Mathematica for Technical Students ELLIOTT and MILES.College Mathematica, A Firat Course IX. Quadratic Equations in One Unknown-7 HEMMERLING.Mathematical Analyaie hours. PERSON.Eartentiala of Mathematics 1. Standard form ax2+bx+c=0 RASSWEILER AND HARRIS.Mathematica and Measure- 2. Formula solution-completing the square ment RICE AND KNIGHT. Technical Mathematics with Calculus 3. Solution by factoring MITES.Basic Mathematica for Technical Courses 4. Graphical solution Tains.Industrial Mathematica 5. Applied problems VANVOORHIS ANDHASKINS.BasicMathematics for X. Ratio, Proportion, Variation-3 hours Engineering and Science 1. Meaning of ratio and proportion 2. Slide rule solution of proportion problems Visual Aids 3. Meaning of direct, inverse, and inverse square variation Knowledge Builders, Visual .0ducation Center Building, 4. Technical use of these concepts Floral Park, N.Y.: Areas XI. Logarithms-10 hours Circle 1. Logarithmic meaning and notation Ratio and Proportion 2. Relation between logarithmic and expo- United World Films, Inc., 1445 Park Avenue, New York 29: nential form Slide Rule: Multiplication and Division 3. Laws of logarithms Slide Rule: Percentage, Proportion, Squarea and Square 4. Tables of logarithms Roots 5. Computation: products, quotients, powers, Demonstration slide rule. roots Models and mockups illustrating some practical uses of 6. Solution and rearranging of exponential mathematics in the solution of problems in mechanical and logarithmic equations technology. 7. Natural logarithms 8. Logarithmic scale: slide rule graphing See Bibliography for publishers. M 144, Mathematics II

Hours Required III. Solution of Oblique Triangles-6 hours Class, 4; Laboratory, 0 1. Right triangle method and scaling 2. Sine law method 3. Cosine law method Description 4. Further methods: tangent and half-angle laws Trigonometry, analytic geometry, andalgebra are continued and expanded to more advanced IV. Solution of Triangles: Applied Problems-3 hours phases as required in the technology.Graphical analysisisused wherever possible.Practical 1. Review solution of triangles: right and problems in all major topics illustratethe princi- oblique ples involved and the utility ofmathematics in 2. Simple vector problems technical study.Calculus is incorporated ina 3. Problems from technology manner emphasizing concept and principle rather V. Trigonometric Identities andEquations-3 than facility in manipulation. hours Prerequisite: M 115, Mathematics I 1. Identities vs. conditional equations 2. Reciprocal, ratio, and Pythagorean iden- Major Divisions tities Class hours 3. Two-angle, half-angle, and double-angle I. Solution of Right Triangles 8 identities II. Trigonometric Functions for Any Angle 4 4. Proofs of identities III. Solution of Oblique Triangles 6 5. Solving conditional trigonometricequa- IV. Solution of Triangles: Applied Problems 3 tions V. Trigonometric Identities and Equations 3 VI. Trigonometric Graphing 5 VI. Trigonometric Graphing-5 hours VII. Complex Numbers and Vectors 8 1. Review of sine, cosine, and tangent graphs VIII. Sequences and Series 3 IX. Analytic Geometry 8 2. General sine equation: y=K sin (x+0) X. Higher Degree Equations_ 4 3. Sine wave generation by rotation XI. Introduction to Calculus 9 4. Sine wave harmonics and harmonic addi- XII. Graphic Calculus 7 tion 5. Lissajous figures I. Solution of Right Triangles-8 hours VII. Complex Numbers and Vectors-8 hours 1. Definitions of trigonometric functions 1. Meaning and basic operations of complex 2. Trigonometric ratios in triangle solution numbers 3. Slide rule in computation 2. Graphical representation of complexnum- 4. Logarithms in computation bers II. Trigonometric Functions for Any Angle-4 3. Vector addition and multiplication hours 4. Vector subtraction and division 1. Generalized definition of six functions VIII. Sequences and Series-3 hours 2. Graphs of functions: sine, cosine,tangent 1. Sequences and series in applied mathe- 3. Numerical values of functions matics 4. Radian system of measurement 2. Arithmetic progression 49 50 MECHANICALTECHNOLOGYDESIGN AND PRODUCTION 3. Geometric progression Texts and References 1 4. Infinite series: convergent and divergent 5. Sine x, cosine x, ex, and log x series ANDRES, MISER, and HASKINS.Basic Mathematics for IX. Analytic Geometry-8 hours Engineering and Science. CHEMICAL RUBBER PUBLISHING CO.,C. R.C. Standard 1. Simple graphs and properties: circle, el- Mathematics Tables. lipse, parabola, and hyperbola C ORRIN GTON. Applied Mathematics for Technical Students. 2. Graphical solution of simultaneous quad- ELLIOT and MILES.College Mathematics, A First Course. ratic equations HEMMERLING. Mathematical Analysis. 3. Polar coordinate loci PERSON. Essentials of Mathematics. 4. Exponential functions RASS WEILER and HARRIS. Mathematics and Measurement. RICE and KNIGHT.Technical Mathematics with Calculus. X. Higher Degree Equations-4 hours Turn's.Basic Mathematics for Technical Courses. 1. Polynomial equations in one unknown VANVOORHIS andHASKINS. Basic Mathematics for 2. Review solution of linear and quadratic Engineering and Science. equations 3. Solution of cubic equations by approxima- Visual Aids tion 4. Number and nature of roots of higher Knowledge Builders, Visual Education Center Building, degree equation Floral Park, N.Y.: Congruent Figures X.I. Introduction to Calculus-9 hours Pythagorean Theorem 1. Calculus and technical work United World Films, Inc., 1445 Park Avenue, N.Y.: 2. Rate of change Introduction to Vectors: Co-Planar, Concurrent Forces 3. Graphical determination of rate of change Periodic Functions Johnson Hunt Productions, 1104 Fair Oaks Avenue, South 4. Review of function concept Pasadena, Calif.: XII. Graphic Calculus-7 hours Parallel Lines. 1. Graphic integration Demonstration slide rule. a. Increments by blocks Models and mockups illustrating practical uses of mathe- b. Ray method of integration matics in the solution of problems in mechanical c. Plotting the integral technology. 2. Graphic differentiation a. Graphic methods i see Bibliography for publishers. b. Applied problems S 145, Mechanics and Heat

Hours Required b. Aidsto measurementvernier, mi- crometer,planimeter,opticalflats, Class, 4; Laboratory 2 comparators, diffraction grating B. Laboratory-4 hours Description 1. Use vernier and , pia- nimeter, spherometer in measurem ant. The objectives of this course extend beyond its 2. Become familiar with the use of optical immediate purpose of developing an understand- flats, comparators, and diffraction grat- ing of the basic principles of mechanics and heat. ings in measurement. Not apparent in the outline but of crucial impor- tance is the emphasis in both laboratory and II. Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases lecture upon the scientific method.Heavy reli- A. Class-10 hours ance is placed upon material from mathema-ics 1. Structure of matter courses and the use of the slide rule in computation a. Atomsthe periodic table of data in the laboratory. b. Elements, compounds, crystals Prerequisite: M 144 Mathematics or concur- 2. Elasticity and rigidity rent registration in M 144. ti. Units of measure: Young's modulus, torsion b. Deformationstress, strain, fatigue Major Divisions Labora- Class tory c. Hooke's Law hours hours I. Basic Measurement 6 4 3. Hydrostaticsproperties of fluids II. PropertiesofSolids,Liquids, and a. Density, specific gravity, buoyancy Gases 10 2 b. Statement and application of Pascal's III. Statics_ 15 10 and Archimede's Law IV. Rectilinear Motion and Momentum 5 4 V. Angular and Simple Harmonic Mo- c. Bernoulli's theorem and applications tions 6 4 d. Phenomena of viscosity,capillarity, VI. Work, Energy, and Power 8 4 surface tension VII. Heat and Temperature 10 4 e. Orifice: pressure, flow, loss of head VIII. Thermodynamics 8 2 4. Properties of gases a. Bernoulli's theorem I. Basic Measurement b. Measurement of pressure A. Class-6 hours B. Laboratory-2 hours 1. Science and measurement: units of meas- 1. Calculate thedensitiesofsolids and urement liquids. a. The scientific method and measure- ment 2. Determine the elastic properties of ma- b. Systems of measurement terials and become familiar with their (1) Traditional: metric and English specifications and limitations. (2) Modern: cosmic, atomic, indus- 3. Determine the deflection of a beam with trial varying loads and dimensions. 2. Methods of measurement 4. Compute the modulus of rigidity of a rod. a. United States standards 5. Measure buoyancy of liquids. 51 52 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGYDESIGN AND PRODUCTION III. Statics B. Laboratory-4 hours A. Class-15 hours 1. Set up and operate equipment for measur- 1. Composition of resolution of vectors ing all characteristics of rectilinear motion. a. Definition of vector-examples a. Calibrate timing unit. b. Components and composition b. Specify displacement. c. Resolution of vectors c. Determine velocities and accelerations. d. Methods of handling d. Graph motion and extrapolate values. (1) Graphical 2. Apply Newton's second law to forces in (2) Analytical: summation, trigonome- cables and hoists. try 3. Calculate the inertia of a body. 2. Conditions of equilibrium 4. Specify and measure the characteristics a. Forces and vector diagrams of the motion of a projectile and free fall b. Principle of transmissibility object. 3. Statics of structures: cranes, trusses 5. Measure one momentum of a body: 4. Friction-coefficient of friction ballistic pendulum. 5. Principle of moments V. Angular and Simple Harmonic Motions 6. Application of moments to members of A. Class-6 hours structures 1. Forces on bodies in motion B. Laboratory-10 hours 2. Circular motion: formulas and denomina- 1. Convert a system of concurrent forces into tions a vector diagram. 3. Centrifugal action 2. Solve problems from mechanical tech- a. Vectors and components nology using vectors-machine and struc- b. Applications in centrifuge, satellites, ture design. highways, castings 3. Analyze a system of forces: the crane. 4. Harmonic m- ,ion a. Designate resultant and equilibrant. a. Charact sties:amplitude, displace- b. Confirm graphical solution of compu- ment, frequency, period tation. b. Equations and graphs 4. Determinethecoefficientoffriction c. Types: simple and compound pendu- between simple objects. lums, spring, electronic 5. Determine the center of gravity of a series d. Vibration in structures of forces and the reaction at supports of parallel forces. 5. Gyroscopic action 6. Calculate internal and external moments B. Laboratory-4 hours in members of a structure. 1. Confirm the laws of centripetal force; IV. Rectilinear Motion and Momentum centrifuge. A. Class-5 hours 2. Investigate simple harmonic motion: the 1. Rectilinearmotion-displacement and simple pendulum, compound and torsion rates of change pendulum. 2. Systems of units -C.G.S., English, M.K.S. 3. Confirm the rules of gyroscopic action. 3. Newton's second law VI. Work, Energy, and Power 4. Law of universal gravitation-free fall, A. Class-8 hours spatial problems IA 5. Inertia of a body 1. Physical concept of work 6. Physical aspects of momentum a. Forces, directions, distances, and units a. Transmission: impulse, impact, colli- b. Positive and negative character of sion work and energy b. Units and denominations 2. Energy and its manifestations c. Jet propulsion principles 3. Conservation of energy 7. Motion of a projectile 4. Power as compared to work and energy COURSIIOUTLINES 53 6. Simple machines: inclined plane, pulleys, 3. Determine the specific heat of various belts, and gears metals. a. Aspects of work, energy, power, and 4. Measure the heats of fusion and vaporiza- efficiency tion of a substance. b. Mechanical advantage 5. Confirm Newton's Law of cooling. c. Friction in machines 6. Measure absolute and relative humidity. d. Power transmission 7. Determine the mechanical equivalent of B. Laboratory-4 hours heat. 1. Calculate the mechanical advantage and VIII. Thermodynamics efficiency of inclined planes, pulleys, and A. Class-8 hours gears. 1. Gas laws 2. Relate work, energy, and power in simple a. Boyle's and Gay-Lussac's laws machines. b. Ideal gas equation 3. Confirm conservation of energy in simple c. Adiabatic expansion and compression machines. 2. First law of thermodynamics VII. Heat and Temperature a. Relationship between heat and work A. Class-10 hours b. Industrial applications 1. Heat energy 3. Second law of thermodynamics a. Quantity and intensityunitsof a. Efficiency in heat conversion to work measure b. Heat engine cycles: Carnot, Rankine, b. Specific heat Diesel, Otto c. Thermal properties of materials: heats c. The reversed cycle of combustion, fusion, vaporization B. Laboratory-2 hours d. Methods of calorimetry: heat balance, 1. Measure absolute and relative humidity heat-added, and given-off methods and relate these to industrial problems. e. Combustion, economy aspects of vari- 2. Determine the mechanical equivalent of ous fuels heat. 2. Temperature 3. Confirm Boyle's Law. a. Methods of thermometry b. Temperature scales c. Coefficients of expansion Texts and References d. Applications of expansion and con- BLOCK and LITTLE.An Introductory Course in College traction Physics e. Temperatures encountered in industry CONDON (ed.).Handbook of Physics f.Interpretation of absolute zero FRANK.Introduction to Mechanics and Heat. g. Low temperature properties of ma- FURRY, PURCELL and STREET.Physics for Science HALLIDAY and RESNICK.Physics for Students of Science terials and Engineering, Part I 3. Transfer of heat HARRIS and HEMMERLING.Introductory Applied Physics a. Conduction, convection, radiation KEY.Elementary Engineering Mechanics b. Heat flow formulas and constants MARIN and SAUER.Strength of Materials c. Newton's law of cooling NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION.American Institute of Physics Handbook d. Thermal insulation OREAR. Fundamental Physics e. Practical aspects of heat transfer SEARS and ZEMANSKY.College Physics, Part II, 3d Ed. B. Laboratory-4 hours SMITH and COOPER.Elements of Physics 1. Confirm Charles' Law using the constant STEARNS.Fundamentals of Physics and Application., WEBER, WHITE and MANNING.Physics for Science and volume air thermometer. Engineering 2. Calculate the coefficient of linear expan- sion of various materials. 1 Bee Bibliography for publishers. 54 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGYDESIGN ANDPRODUCTION

Visual Aids Diesel Engine Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia Britannic& Films,Inc.,1150 Wilmette Avenue, Wilmette, Ill.: Uniform Circular Motion Galileo's Laws of Falling Bodies Gas Law: and Their Application United World Films, Inc., 1445 Park Ave., NewYork 29, HeatIts Nature and Transfer N.Y.: Laws of Motion Basic Hydraulics Simple Machines ElectronAn Introduction Thermo-dynamics Principles of Dry Friction Principles of Moments McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 330 Weet 42dStreet, New York 36, N.Y.: Principles of Refrigeration Verniers Carnot Cycle and Kelvin Scale 214, Elutdcrity

Hours Required B. Laboratory-2 hours 1. Verify the laws of electrostatics and elec- Class 3; Laboratory 2 trostatic induction; sketch electrostatic fields. Description 2. Confirm the law of magnets and sketch magneticfieldsusing permanent and This is an introduction to electrical circuitry electromagnets. and equipment with emphasis on the concepts of electrical physics.The treatment of this subject II. Basic Electric Circuits and Components as a mathematics-based science provides a basis A. Class-15 hours for further study for those students who will 1. Ohm's Law in D.C. series resistance require a greater depth of understanding in this circuits area. 2. Ohm's Law in D.C. parallel resistance Prerequisite: Mathematics I and II circuits 3. Measurementof resistance: volt-am- meter, Wheatstone bridge, ohmmeter Major Divisions Labora- Clau tory 4. Inductance in D.C. circuits hours hours I. Electricity and Magnetism 3 2 a. Electromagnetic inductionLenz's II. Basic Electric Circuits and Compo- law nents 15 10 b. Concept and units of self-inductance III. Alternating Currents 9 6 c. Rise and decay of current in an in- IV. Electric Power 6 4 ductance V. Basic Electronics 3 2 VI. Motors and Controls 15 10 d. Energy in inductive circuits e. Mutualinductancecoefficient of I. Electricity and Magnetism coupling f.Series and parallel inductances A. Class-3 hours 5. Capacitance in D.C. circuits 1. Nature of electricitythe electron theory a. Definition and units of capacitance a. Atomic structurehistorical develop- b. Rise and decay of voltage in a capaci- ment tor b. Conductors--specific resistance c. Energy in capacitive circuits c. Insulatorsdielectric strength d. Series and parallel capacitors 2. Electrical units a. Coulombstatic electricity B. Laboratory-10 hours b. Amperecurrent electricity 1. Proolems in series and parallel resistive c. Volts, ohms, watts D.C. circuits. 3. Nature of magnetism 2. Measure direct current in series, parallel, a. Atomic theory of magnetism and combination circuits. b. Permanent and electromagnets 3. Plot the rise and decay of voltage across a c. Law of magnets and magnetic field capacitor in an R-C circuit.Calculate strengths time constant. d. Hysteresis curve: permeability, reten- III. Alternating Currents tivity, saturation A. Class-9 hours e. Applications of magnets 1. Electromagnetic generation of a sine wave 55 56 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY DESIGN ANDPRODUCTION 2. Sine wave terminologyand vectorrepre- sentation 2. Make field tripto power generatingand 3. Inductive andcapacitive reactance distributing installations. a. Definition and units of 3. Demonstrateconventional anduncon- measure ventional b. Vectorrepresentationphase angle power sources. c. Impedancevectordiagrams V. Basic Electronics. d. Resonancevectordiagrams A. Class-3 hours 4. A.C. circuits inresistance, capacitance, 1. Controllingelectric current: and inductance historical development; rheostat,vacuum tube, 5. Measurement ofalternating current transistor 6. Theelectromagneticspectrumhigh 2. The diode tube frequencies a. Thermionic emission 7. Electromechanical analogies b. Characteristiccurves a. Resistancefriction;power consump- c. Rectification; principles tion and use 3. The triode tube b. Inductanceinertia;kineticenergy a. Grid controlelectrostaticfields c. Capacitancepotentialenergy b. Characteristic 8. A.C. Alternators and curves transformers c. Concept of amplification B. Laboratory-6 hours d. Applications 1. Electromagneticgeneration andtrans- 4. Solid state mission equipment. devices a. Sophistication of solidstate conduction 2. Demonstrate andcalculate A.C. circuit b. Mechanism constants using vector of conductionin semi- analysis. conductors IV. Electric Power 5. Applications ofelectronics A. Class-6 hours a. Communications 1. Sources of electricpower b. Industrialprocessing and control a. Electromagnetic generatorsand alter- B. Laboratory-2hours nators 1. Measure the b. Chemical characteristics ofa diode and actionprimary and second- observe its actionas a rectifieron an ary cells oscilloscope. c. Thermo- and photo-electricity 2. Measure and 2. Power in D.C. andA.C. circuits calculate theamplification factor of a triodetube. 3. Production anddistribution of commercial electrical power 3. Demonstrateelectroniccontrol equip- ment. a. The generating stationenergycon- version VI. Motors andControls b. The transformer A. Class-15 hours c. Transmission lines: voltage vs. losses 1. Operating characteristicsof directcur- d. Comparisonbetween D.C. andA.C. rent motors systems a. Shunt 4. Consumption of electricpower b. Series a. Heat and light; principlesof common c. Compound devices 2. Direct currentmotor controllers b. Motors: principlesof series and shunt 3. A.C. motor types and motors characteristics 4. Control and protectionof A.C. equip- c. Chemical uses; ,electroly- sis ment 5. Special applications ofA.C. devices B. Laboratory-4 hours a. Relays 1. Measure power indirect and alternating b. Thyratrons current circuits. c. Servos COURSE OUTLINES 57 B. Laboratory-10 hours KLOETTLER.Principles of Electronics 1. Demonstrate motors andmotor control LISTER.Electric Circuits and Machines equipment. LURCH.Fundamentals of Electronics NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION. AmericanInstitute of 2. Measure speed-load andtorque char- Physics Handbook acteristics of D.C. and A.C.motors. PECK.Electricity and Magnetism 3. Make field trip to industrial installations. BEARS and ZEMA NeXT.College Physics, Part II., 3d ed. 4. Demonstrate industrial control equip- RITZ and KOEZTLER.Basic Theory in Electrical Engi- ment. neering. TIMBIE. a. Spot welders Basic Electricity for Communications. WEBER, WHITE, and MANNING.Physics for Science and b. Induction heating units Engineering c. Instrumentation Visual Aids

Texts and References 1 Encyclopedia Britannica Films, Inc., 1150Wilmette Avenue, Wilmette, Ill.: BLACK and LITTLE. An Introductory Coursein College Series and Parallel Circuits Physics, 4th ed. What Is Electricity FUERT, PURCELL, and STREET.Physics for Science and Electro-Dynamics Engineering Students Electrons GILLIE.Electrical Principles of Electronics Magnetism GROB.Basic Electronics United World Films, Inc., 1445 ParkAvenue, New York 29: HARRIS and HEMMERLINO.Introductory Applied Physics Capacitance HALLIDAY and RESNICK.Physics for Students of .Science and Engineering, Part II Diodes Ohm's Law RCLResistance Capacitance Inductance 1see Bibliography for publisher'. Voltaic Cell, Dry Cell, and Storage Battery. 223, Hydraulics and Pneumatics

Hours Required b. Reasons foruse of hydraulic-operated equipment over other means Class 2; Laboratory 4 3. Assignments,term project,notebook, problems, and tests Description B. Laboratory-2 hours 1. Inspect industrial hydraulic equipment A study of the basic components of hydraulic applications. and pneumatic systems and how theyare combined 2. Inspect various units in hydraulic equip- to build up various circuits. ment. The emphasis is on the use of hydraulics and II. Principles of Power Hydraulics pneumatics for power transmission and for control purposes.Both subject areas are treatedas basic A. Class-3 hours sciences with emphasis on mathematical analysis 1. Physical laws and principles and the scientific method. a. Powerits meaning, formula Itisrecommendedthatindividualterm (1) Forcepressurep.s.i. problems requiring a significant amount of hand- (2) Atmospheric book design be required for thiscourse. b. Workits meaning, formula PrerequisiteMathematics I and II. (1) Torque (2) Horsepower 2. Physical properties of liquids Major Divisions Labora- a. Differences between solids, liquids, and Clan tom hours hours gases I.Introduction to Hydraulics 1 2 b. Pascal's law II. Principles of Power Hydraulics 3 4 (1) Meaning III.Hydraulic Fluids and Flow Measure- ment 2 4 (2) Applications IV. Hydraulic Pumps 3 4 c. Mechanics of liquids V. Control Valves 3 6 (1) Forms of energy VI. Hydraulic Motors 2 4 (a) Potential VII. Accessories 1 2 (b) Kinetic VIII. Hydraulic System Design 5 Ix. Pneumatic Power Unit 2 4 (c) Heat x. Pneumatic Controls 3 4 (2) Liquids in force multipliers XI. Air Cylinders 2 4 (3) Liquids and transfer of motion XII. Pneumatic Circuitry 4 12 d. Characteristics of flow XIII. Combination SystemsAir and Oil 3 4 (1) Static factors (a) Static pressurevs. heat energy I. Introduction to Hydraulics (b) Potential energyvs. kinetic A. Class-1 hour energy 1. The scope of hydraulics (2) Dynamic factors a. Importance of hydraulics in engineer- (a) Bernoulli's principle, andap- ing plications b. Importance of hydraulics to the tech- (b) Kinetic energyapplications nician B. Laboratory-4 hours 2. The importance of hydraulics in industry 1. Problems in levers, vector principles. a. The potential uses for hydraulics in 2. Problems in torque, force,pressure, and industry horsepower. 58 COURSEOUTLINES 59

3. DemonstrationexperimentPascal's law. 9. Study characteristics ofhydraulic fluids. 4. Demonstrationexperimentproperties of IV. Hydraulic Pumps liquids. A. Class-3 hours 5. DemonstrationexperimentAchimedes' 1. Purpose of hydraulic pumps principle. 2. Performance ratings 6. Specific gravity experimentand problems. 3. Classification of hydraulic pumps III. Hydraulic Fluids and FlowMeasurement a. Principlesof operation of nonpositive A. Class-2 hours displacement pumps 1. Reservoirs, strainers, andfilters (1) Centrifugal pumps (volute and a. Principlesand characteristics of reser- diffuser) voirs (2) Propeller pumps b. Types and principles of strainersand (3) Mixed flow pumps filters b. Principles of operation of positive dis- 2. Hydraulic piping andfitting placement pumps a.ClassificationsJIC standards (1) Rotary pumpsgear, lobe, vane, b. Selection (use of charts and layout) or piston-type rotary c. Installation (2) Riciprocating pumps d. Packing B. Laboratory-4 hours 3. Hydraulic fluids 1. Problems in calculation offriction loss in a. Requirementsof a hydraulic fluid pipes under varying conditions. b. Characteristics of hydraulic oils 2. Problems in calculation ofhorsepower (1) Initial suitability requirements. (a) Viscosity and viscosity index 3. Study of principles of operation,appli- (b) Pour Point cation, and performance characteristics (c) Oxidation stability of various pumps. (d) Rust prevention a. positive (e) Foaming b. nonpositive c. Maintenanceand storage of hydraulic V. Control Valves oils A. Class-3 hours B. Laboratory-4 hours 1. Introduction to valves 1. Demonstrationexperimentinatmos- a. types pheric pressure and measuring instru- b. classificationratings ments in this area. 2. Pressure control valves 2. Inspect reservoirs,strainers, and filters. a. Reliefvalves 3. Inspect pipes, tubing,hose and fittings, b. Pressure-reducing valves and study of applications. c. Sequencevalves 4. Study and report onfluid flow, free flow, d. Pressure switches and within pipes. 3. Directional control valves 5. Study hydraulic symbolsandcircuit a. Generalclassification layouts. (1) Spool types and rotary types 6. Study packing andsealing devices. (2) Two-, three-, and four-connection 7. DemonstrationexperimentBernoulli's types principle. (3) Flow paths 8. Demonstrationexperiment on measure- b. Specific types ment of fluid flow by: (1) Manual a. Weir (2) Pilot operated b. Pitot tube (3) Solenoid controlled c. VenturiTube flowmeter (4) Solenoid-pilot controlled d. Orifice c. Checkvalves e. Open-flowapproximation (1) Simple or standard type 661825-62----5 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY-DESIGN AND PRODUCTION (2) Prefill type VIII. Hydraulic System Design (3) Foot valve A. Class-5 hours (4) Pilot operated 1. Hydraulic circuits 4. Flow control valves a. Applicationsautomotivesystems, a. Gate, plug, and needle valves aircraft systems, instrumentation and b. Pressure compensated flowcontrol control, and industrial machines and valves tools B. Laboratory-6 hours b. Troubleshooting 1. Study valve operation, application, and c. Maintenance of hydraulic systems problems and diagnosis in use in various B. Laboratory-14 hours hydraulic circuits. 1. Visit to industrial plants. a. Directional control valve types 2. Make performancetestsof operating b. Flow control valve types systems. c. Pressure control valve types 3. Work on special design problems. 2. Study methods used to operate various types of valves. IX. Pneumatic Power Unit a. Manual A. Class-2 hours b. Pressure 1. Construction and principle of operation c. Magnetic or solenoid of the compressor d. Combination 2. Cylinder arrangements VI Hydraulic Motors 3. Air tank construction and dimensions A. Class-2 hours 4. Pressure switch control 1. Rotary 5. Coupling motor to compressor 6. Power requirements a. Classifications b. Ratingstorquespeed 7. R.F.L. units (regulator, filter, lubricator) 2. Rams B. Laboratory-4 hours a. Classifications 1. Examine construction of varioustypes b. Ratings of filters and lubricators. B. Laboratory-4 hours 2. Examine construction and flow path of 1. Study operation and applications of hy- pressure regulators. draulic motors. 3. Test to determine operational charac- 2. Calculate requirements of pressure, vol- teristics of pressure regulators. ume, speed, and torque in various appli- 4. Measure power consumption at various cations of hydraulic motors. pressures per unit of air volume delivered. 3. Horsepower and torquetestingwith X. Pneumatic Controls plotting on graphs. A. Class-3 hours VII. Accessories 1. Directional control valves, construction A. Class-1 hour and operation 1. Principles of operation of accumulators a. Four-way valves, manual 2. Principles of heat exchangers, oil coolers, b. Three-way valves, manual oil filter, and seals and packing c. Pilot operated valves B. Laboratory-2 hours d. Solenoid operated valves 1. Study principlesandapplicationsof 2. Flow control valves, constructionand accumulators, heat exchangers, oil coolers. operation 2. Calculate various applications using ac- a. Manually operated cumulators, heat exchangers, andoil b. Cam-operated coolers. 3. Sequence valves a. Selection of size a. Construction and principle of opera- b. Efficiency tion c. Heat dissipation b. Locadon in circuit COURSE OUTLINES 61

B. Laboratory-4 hours e. Holding at two pressurelevels 1. Examine construction and study internal 1. Safeguarding the operator's hands path of flow through 3. Remote control of pneumatic systems a. Directional control valves a. Bleed-type, pilot-operatedvalves b. Flow control valves b. Pressure-type, pilot-operated valves c. Sequence valves c. Pilot-operated systems 2. Test operational characteristics of d. Solenoid-operated systems a. Directional control valves e. Cain operatedlimit switches b. Flow control valves B. Laboratory-12 hours c. Sequence valves Set up and operate circuits involving the XI. Air Cylinders following methods of control: A. Class-2 hours 1. Manual 1. Types of air cylinders 2. Mechanical a. Light, medium, heavy 3. Pilot b. Tandem 4. Solenoid. c. Duplex XIII. Combination SystemsAir and Oil d. Double-end A. Class-3 hours 2. Cylinder parts 1. Applications and advantages of combina- a. Tube tion systems b. Cover 2. Air controlled, hydraulic valves c. Packing gland 3. Oil controlled, air valves d. Cushion a ,sembly 4. Air control of multiple h: lraulic circuits e. Piston and piston seals 5. Air as a cushion for hydraulic systems f. Rods B. Laboratory-4 hours 3. Installation,application,and mainte- Set up and operate circuits involving air and nance oil: B. Laboratory-4 hours 1. Air-hydraulic rapid traverse circuit 1. Examine internal construction and flow 2. Air loading, hydraulic performance circuit path through various types of cylinders. 3. Damr- :rig circuit. 2. Measure cylinderair consumption at various thrusts. Texts and References1 3. Measure piston speed as it isaffected by such variables as friction, volume, and BLACK AND LITTLE. An Introductory Course in College restrictions. Physics, 4th ed. ERNST.Oil Hydraulic Power and Its Indusirial Application XII. Pneumatic Circuitry FURRY, PURCELL, and STREET.Physics for Science and Engineering Students A. Class-4 hours American Institute of 1. Power-operated holding devices NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION. Physics Handbook a. Advantagesand accuracy NAVPERS 16193.Basic Hydraulics b. Power chucking applications STEWART.Hydraulic and Pneumatic Power for Production c. Power-operatedmandrels THEODORE AUDEL Sr CO., Pumps-Hydraulics and Air d. Power-operated collets Compressors. e. Clampingdevices 2. Pneumatic safety circuits Visual Aids a. Protectionwhen pressure drops b. Protection against overloads Hydraulics, The Texas Company, P.O. Box 6171, Dallas, c. Jnterlock formachine protection Tex. A visual aid under S 223 d. Emergency reversal 1 see Bibliography for publishers. Auxiliary and SupportingTechnical Courses

A 132, TochnloalReporting

Hours Required c. Elements of style Class, 2; Laboratory, 0 d. Analysis of examples 3. The report form a. Characteristics Description b. Functions A natural and vital extension ofG 123, Commu- c. Informal reports nication Skills intended to help the d. The formal report student achieve e. Preparation greater facility in his use of the language,both f.Special types of spoken and written.Using the basic skillspre- papers viously acquired, the student isintroduced to the The Research Paper--9 hours practical aspects of preparingreports and commu- 1. Subject and purpose nicating withingroups. 2. Source materials:bibliographicaltools, Emphasis is upon techniques forcollecting and periodical indexes, the library presenting scientific data bymeans of informal 3. Organizing thepaper and formal reports, and specialtypes of technical a. A working bibliography papers. Forms and procedures fortechnical b. Notes and the outline reports are studied and a pattern is establishedfor c. The rough draft all forms to be submitted in thisand othercourses. d. Quoting and footnoting e. The final paper Major Divisions 4. Oral and written presentationof the paper Clan I. Reporting heart Group Communication-8 hours 5 1. The problem-solving approach II. Technical Report Writing 12 III. The Research Paper 9 a. Stating and analyzing the problem IV. Group Communication__ 8 b. Proposing solutions c. Selecting and implementinga solution I. Reporting-5 hours 2. Participating ingroup communication 1. Nature and types of reports a. The chairmanduties and qualifica- 2. Objective reporting tions 3. Methods of slanting a report b. Rules of order 4. Critical evaluation ofa report c. The panel discussion and symposium d. Group investigation H. Technical Report Writing--12 hours 1. The scientific method a. Meaning of the method Texts and References1 b. Characteristics of the scientificmethod Bucaz and How.. c. Essentials of scientific style Reports for Science and industry Bucia.za and McAvoaY.American College Handbook of d. The problem concept English Fundamentals 2. The techniques of exposition Csouca and ZITLIER. A Guideto Technical Writing a. Definitions DIAN and BRYSON.Effective Communication

b. Progression I les Bibliorrsphy:Sx-pablishers. 62 COUB.1111 name and WASNZR.Words in Context STIWART, HUTCHINSON, LANIAN, and ZI1[MI11.Business GLIM& The Writer's Resource Book English and Communications GUAM, GRAYS., and HOFFMAN.Report Writing STUNS and WHITI.The Elements of Style GUNNING. The Technique of Clear Writing TIKOMMON. Fundamentals of Communication HAIM/ELL. Technical Communications 17LMAN and GOULD. Technical Reporting Timm Successful Technical Writing &SIMMS and Caouca.SuccessfulCommunication in Kamm and Sr EvnNs.Communication: Principles and Science and Industry Practices Lam.Language Habits in Human Affairs MA2D/11. The Craft of Technical Writing Visual Aids Mc Creoruz.The Perceptive Writer, Reader, and Speaker PMILILIN and SMITH.The Perrin-Smith Handbook of Language in Action Series (18 mm films), National Edu- Current Usage cational Television Film Service, Audio-Visual Center, PMELCO TLCHNOLOGICAL CZNTSS.TechnicalWriting Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind.: Guide Hayakawa, S. I.Experience as Give and Take Patrxx and DAVIS.Guide to Technical Reports . Talking Ourselves Into Trouble Technical Report Writing . Words That Don't Inform RWODIES and JOHNSON. Mc Murry-Gold Productions, 139 South Beverly Drive, RoGIT.College Thesaurus Beverly Hills, Calif.: SANTMTZIS.Practicca, Report Writing Person to Person Communication &MUTTS and STZINISRG.Communication in Business National Safety Council, 426 North Michigan Ave., and Industry Chicago 11, Ill.: Sounasa.Technical Report Writing It's an Order A 204, Strength of Malmo

Hours Required 5. Availability and cost 6. Life of the product Class 3; Laboratory, 2 B. Laboratory-0 hours II. Properties of Materials Description A. Cla_ss--3 hours Study is made of the internal stresses and de- 1. Strength formation of elastic bodies resulting from the a. Tension action of external forces.The application of this b. Compression principle of strength of materials is considered c. Shear fundamental in the design of structures and ma- d. Bending chines.Emphasis is given to the analysis of the 2. Elasticity simple and combined stresses and properties of 3. Stiffness materials to meet the functional requirements in 4. Resilience design.In this course, strength of such elements 5. Ductility as riveted joints, beams, columns, shafts, and keys 8. Hardness are determined. 7. Malleability 8. Toughness 9. Machinability Major Divisions Le an- 10. Fatigue Cluean hews 11. Creep I. Strength of Materials as Related to 12. Durability Product Design 2 0 B. Laboratory-4 hours II. Properties of Materials 8 4 III. Review of Statics 8 0 Load machine and test various samples for: IV. Stress and Strain 6 4 tension,compression,andshear.Test V. Riveted and Welded Joints and Pres- samplesforhardness,malleability,and sure Vessels 6 2 ductility. VI. Center of Gravity and Centroids__ 8 0 VII. Moment of Inertia 8 0 III. Review of Statics VIII. BeamShear Forces 8 4 A. C1ass-3 hours IX. BeamsBending Moments 8 4 1. Composition and resolution of forces X. Design of Beams 5 4 XI. Torsion, Shafts, Shaft Couplings and 2. Conditions of equilibrium Keys 5 4 3. Inertia XII. Combined Stresses 3 4 XIII. Columns 3 2 4. Moments XIV. Indeterminate Beams 3 0 B. Laboratory-0 hours IV. Stress and Strain I. Strength of Materials as Related to Product A. Class-6 hours Design 1. Load and unit stress A. Class-2 hours 2. Strain 1. Strength 2. Weight 3. Hooke's law 3. Sales appeal 4. Young's Modules 4. Ease of manufacture 5. Thermal stress 64 MUM B. Laboratory--4 hours IX. Beams-Bending Moments 1. Run complete tension test. A. Class-3 hours 2. Plot stress-strain diagrams. 1. Types of loading V. Riveted and Welded Joints and Pressure 2. Determination of bending moments Vessels 3. Moment diagrams A. Class-8 hours 4. Bending moment from shear diagram area 1. Types of riveted joints B. Laboratory-4 hours 2. Types of failures 1. Test beam for bending with single con- 3. Stresses in riveted joints centrated load. 4. Terminology and codes 2. Test beam with several concentrate' 5. Efficiency of riveted joints loads. 8. Welded joints 3. Test beam with moving loads. 7. Analysis of forces on thin-walled cylinders 4. Draw moment diagrams. 8. Application of riveted and welded joints X. Design of Beams to thin-walled cylinders A. Class-5 hours 9. Typical problems 1. Classification of beams B. Laboratory-2 hours 2. Stress due to bending 1. Perform tests on riveted joints for various 3. Horizontal and vertical shear stresses types of failures. 4. Load effects on various shapes of beams 2. Determine efficiency of joints. 5. Beam deflection 3. Perform tests on various types of welded 8. Radius of curvature joints. 7. Lateral buckling VI. Center of Gravity and Centroids B. Laboratory-4 hours A. Class-3 hours 1. Determine bending and shear stresses and 1. Definition of center of gravity deflectionsofvariouscross-sectional 2. Distinction between center of gravity and shaped beams under different loads. centroid 2. Calculate and plot the test values. 3. Moments of areas XI. Torsion, Shafts, Shaft Couplings and Keys 4. Centroids of composite areas A. Class-5 hours 5. Practical application 1. Definitions B. Laboratory-0 hours 2. Torsional shearing stress VII. Moment of Inertia 3. Angle of twist A. Class-3 hours 4. Power transmission 1. Definition 5. Types of couplings 2. Determination of moment of inertia of 6. Stresses in couplings regular and composite areas 7. Design of keys 3. Effect of moment of inertia on strength of materials B. Laboratory-4 hours 1, Measure torsional stresses in shafts. B. Laboratory-0 hours 2. Test various types of shaft couplings for VIII. Beams-Shear Forces torsional deformation and ultimate stress A. Class-3 hours under different tangential load conditions. 1. Types of beams 3. Test keys for shoar. 2. Beam theory 4. Tabulate and plot findings. 3. Shear force diagram B. Laboratory-4 hours XII Combined Stresses 1. Test various types of beams for shear. A. Class-3 hours 2. Record and compare readings. 1. Principle of superposition 3. Draw shear diagrams. 2. Combined axial and bending stresses 66 MZCHANICAL TZCHNOLOOTDZISIONAND PRODUCTION 3. Eccentrically loaded short compression B. Laboratory-2 hours members 1. Test some of the more common shaped 4. Eccentric loadiug of machine members columns of various lengths for buckling. 5. Eccentrically loaded riveted joints 2. Plot test results and draw comparative 8. Combined shear strcsses diagrams. 7. Combined bending and torsion 'Indeterminate Beams B. Laboratory-4 hours A.Class-3 hours 1. Perform compressiontestson eccen- 1. Definition trically loaded short members. 2. Types 2. Perform tension and shear testa on eccen- 3. Methods of supporting trically loaded riveted joints. 4. Methods of loading 3. Calculate stresses. 5. Contiauous beam XIII. Columns B.Laboratory-0 hours A. Class --3 hours 1. Definition Texts and References 1 2. Limitations 3. Slenderness ratio BASSIN and BRODSKY.Statistics and Strength of Materials Born and FoLx.Strength of Materials 4. Radius of gyration MAIN and HAMER.Strength of Materials, 2d ed. 5. Categories of columns MRRIUMAN.Strength of Materials 6. End conditions POOZMAN.Strength of Materials 7. Column formulas 1 Ns Bibliography Sr pub/Islam A 213, litatistka and QualityControl

Hours Required II. Numbers and Measurements A. Class-2 hours Class, 2; laboratory, 2 1. Accuracy of measurements 2. Applying approximate numbers Description 3. Significant numbers B. Laboratory-2 hours An elementary approach to the statisticaltech- Perform exercises in recognizing signifi- niques used in the control of the quality require- cant numbers. ments of manufactured articles.The course is primarily intended for those who have had no III. Frequency Distribution previous experience, although its content is broad A. Class-6 hours enough so that students with some experiencewill 1. Pictures of variations find it both valuable and engaging.The entire 2. Graphic representation course is woven around a corewhich consists of the 3. Sources of variation application of formulas and control, charts. 4. Examples of distributions The main activities covered include sampling 5. Interpretation of distributions inspection techniques, use of inspection toolsand B. Laboratory-6 hours instruments, construction and interpretation of 1. Make a series of measurementsof similar Showhart control charts for variables, defects, and items and tabulatetheirfrequencies. fraction defective. Determine the range, average median, and Concerted effort is put on the relationship of the mode.Find the prk iability of the theoretical concepts to practical manufacturing occurrence of the valueof the mode. operations and processes so that assignable causes 2. Construct a bar chart, histogram,and a and weaknesses in a process can be readilyisolated frequency polygon. and recognized. IV. The Control Chart A. Class-6 hours Major Divisions Labors- 1. Description of distributions Clan tory /sours hours 2. Development of a controlchart I. Introduction 2 0 3. Rational subgrouping II. Numbers and measurements 2 2 4. Interpretation of a controlchart III. Frequency Distribution 6 6 5. Comparison of a process andspecification IV. The Control Chart 6 6 control limits V. Fraction Defective 6 4 6. Modified and preliminary VI. Number of Defects 4 4 B. Laboratory-6 hours VII. Sampling 8 12 1. Analyze a typical industrialfrequency distribution of measurements taken from I. Introduction similar machined parts. A. Class-2 hours 2. Construct an X and R controlchart. 1. Objectives 3. Interpret the control chartin terms of the 2. Organization process. 3. Measuring Tools and Instruments 4. Calculate the upper andlower control B. Laboratory-0 hours limits. 67

861825-62--6 68 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGYDESIGN AND PRODUCTION

V. Fraction Defective 2. Problems of sampling A. Class --6 hours 3. Theory of sampling 1. P charts 4. Use of probability theory of sampling 2. Calculations of fraction defective 5. Operating characteristiccurve 3. Control limits for P charts 6. Average out-going qualitycurve 4. Uses of the P chart 7. Average sample numbercurve B. Laboratory-4 hours 8. Total amount of inspectioncurve 1. Calculate for fraction defective through 9. Types of sampling plans the use of visual inspection and limit 10. Kinds of protection gages. 11. Use of sampling tables 2. Calculate the control limits on ap chart B. Laboratory-12 hours for the above values. Determine the probability ofa number of 3. Determine the assignable causes for the defectives which might be foundin number of fraction defective. various samples ofa given size from a VI. Number of Defects source that is a certain fraction defective, A. Class-4 hours using the binomial probability distribu- 1. C charts tion,and compare theresultswith 2. Control charts for defects per unit Poisson's approximation. 3. Conditions for a C chart 4. Uses of the C chart Texts and References 1 B. Laboratory-4 hours 1. Inspect similar parts for attributes and BOWLER and LIEBERMAN.Handbook of Industrial Sta- construct a PN chart. tistics. .Engineering Statistics and Quality Control. 2. Calculate the upper and lower control CARBON. Production Handbook. limitsfor number ofdefectives and DUNCAN.Quality Control and Industrial Statistics. determine reasons for a process being out FREEDMAN and MouswN. A Basic TrainingManual on of control. Statistical Quality Control. GRANT.Statistical Quality Control. VII. Sampling PEACH. An Introduction to Industrial Statistics and Quality A. Class-8 hours Control. 1. Purpose 1 Bee Bibliography for publishers. A 293, Industrial Organizations and Institutions

Hours Required 2. The evolution of American labor unions a. Nature of early unions Class, 3; Laboratory, 0 b. Emergence of "business" unionism c. The changing role of government Description 3. Structure and objectivesof American unions A description and analysis of the roles played a. Objectives in collective bargaining by labor and management in the economy of the b. Political objectives and tactics United States is presented.Approximately one- c. Structure of craft and industrial unions half of the classroom time is devoted to labor- d. Movement toward unitythe A.F. of management relations, including the evolution and L.C.I.O. merger growth of the American labor movement and the Management in an Industrial Society-10 development and structure of American business hours management. A study is made of the legal 1. The rise of big business framework within which labor-management rela- a. Economic factors tions are conducted and the responsibilities of each b. Dominance of the corporate firm in a democratic system of government. The c. Government, public policy, and big second half of the course pertains to labor- business economics as applied to the forces affecting labor 2. The "Managerial Revolution" supply and demand, problems of unemployment a. Changing patterns of ownership and reduction and control, and wage determination on management the national, plant, and individual levels.Em- b. "Scientific" management phasis centers upon current practical aspects of c. Twentieth Century trends our industrial society with historical references 3. Structure and objectivesof American intended only as background material to interpret industry trends and serve as points of departure. a. Productionforprofit: an "Affluent Society" Major Divisions b. Structureofindustry-organizational Class hours forms I. Labor in an Industrial World 10 c. Ethics in a competitive economy II. Management in an Industrial Society 10 .The Collective Bargaining Process-12 hours III. The Collective Bargaining Process 12 IV. Dynamics of the Labor Market 8 1. Legal framework V. Wage Determination 8 a. Common law provisions VI. The Balance Sheet of Labor-Management Rela- b. The growth of statute laws tions 3 (1) The antitrust laws (2) The Addamson and LaFollette I. Labor in an Industrial World-10 hours Laws 1. The nature and scope of the Industrial (3) Norris-LaGuardia Revolution (4) Wagner Act a. The factory system (5) Taft-Hartley b. Occupational trends (6) Landrum-Griffin and beyond c. Mechanisms of adjustment 2. Management and collective bargaining 69 70 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGYDESIGN AND PRODUCTION 3. Bargaining procedures and tactics,in- 2. Justice and dignity for all in an industrial cluding conciliation and mediation democracy processes a. The workerstatus and goals 4. Issues in collective bargaining b. Managementrights and responsibili- a. Security issues ties b. Working conditions c. The future of capitalistic society c. Money matters 5. Strikes and lockouts: tactics and preven- tion Texts and References 1 6. Evaluation of collective bargaining BLOOM and NORTHRUP.Economics of Labor Relations, IV. Dynamics of the Labor Market-8 hours 4th ed. 1. Labor supply and the market BURBASH.Unions and Union Leadership: Their Human a. Level and composition of the labor force Meaning. ,The Practice of Unionism. b. Changing patterns of employment CHAMBERLIN. The Economic Analysis of Labor Union c. Some questions about labor supply and Power. the market BULLEB.Labor in America. 2. Reduction and control of unemployment Mails.The Meaning of Modern Business: An Introduc- a. Types of unemployment tion to the Philosophy of Large Corporate Enterprise. FAULKNER.American Economic History, 8th ed. b. Proposedschemesofemployment GEARY. The Background of Business, 2d ed. stabilization GITLOw.LaborEconomicsandIndustrialRelations c. Continuing problems GREGORY. Labor and the Law, 2d ed. 3. Labor mobility GRIMSHAW.Organizational BehaviorCases and Readings a. Types of labor mobility KERR and others, Industrialism and Man KUHN.Labor Institutions and Economics b. Deterrents to labor mobility LEISERSON.American Trade Union Democracy c. Suggested programs to improve labor LESTER."Shortcomings of Marginal Analysis for Wage mobility and Employment Problems" in American Economic Review, XXXVI, p. 83-82. V. Wage Determination-8 hours LINDBLOM. Unions aid Capitalism 1. Wages, prices, and employment MACHLUP. "Marginal Analysis and Empirical Research" a. Meaning of wages in American Economic Review, XXXVI, p. 519-54. b. Wages and the productive process MCGREGOR. The Human Side of Enterprise. MORTON. "Trade Unionism,FullEmployment and c. The problem of inflation Inflation" in American Economic Review, XL, p. 13-39. 2. Wages and the national income PFIFFNER.Administrative Organization a. Concepts of measurement and produc- PHELPS.Introduction to Labor Economics tivity REES. "Patterns of Wages, Prices and Productivity" in b. Determinants of productivity Wages, Prices, Profits and Productivity, p. 11-35. REYNOLDS.Labor Economics and Labor Relations, 3d ed. c. The distribution of national income RICHBERG.Labor Union Monopoly 3. Wage structures SAMUELSON. Economic Theory and Wages a. Occupational differences SELDEN. "Cost-Push versus Demand-Pull Inflation." b. Geographic patterns SLICHTER, HELAY and LIVERNASH. The Impact of Collec- tive Bargaining Upon Management c. Industry patterns SULTAN.Labor Economics d. Wage determination: plant level, indi- TAFT.Economics and Problems of Labor, 3d ed. vidual wages U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR.The American Worker Fact Book VI. The Balance Sheet of Labor-Management Studies of the Economic Effects of the Dollar Mini- Relations-3 hours mum Wage 1. The control and elimination of poverty in "Twenty Years of Unemployment Insurance in a modern industrial state the United States" BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, Population and a. The extent of poverty Labor Force Projections for the United States b. The attack on poverty c. Trends and portents 1 see Bibliography for publishers. COURSE OUTLINES 71 Visual Aids Job Evaluation and Merit Rating, New York: McGraw- Hill Book Co., Inc, Bargaining Collectively, Teaching Film Custodians, 25 Labor Movement: Beginnings and Growth in America, West 43d Street, New York. Coronet Films, Inc., Coronet Building, Chicago 1. Big Enterprise in the Competitive Systems, The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C. ProductivityKeytoPlenty,Encyclopedia Britannica Decision: Constitution and the Labor Union, University of Films, Inc., 1150 Wilmette Avenue, Wilmette, Illinois. Indiana, Bloomington, Indiana. Working Together, Encyclopedia Britannica Films, Inc., Internal Organization, New York: McGraw-Hill Book 1150 Wilmette Avenue, Wilmette, Illinois. Co., Inc. General Courses 0 100, Orientation

Hours Required 4. Nature of technician work Class, 1; Laboratory, 0 a. The engineering team b. Typical work of thetechnician Description c. Departmentsinindustrialconcerns employing technicians 5. Job opportunities A brief overview of the field ofoccupations is followed by a discussion of the worklife of tech- a. Wages nical personnel, the part that interestsand apti- b. Promotional possibilities tudes play in the successful attainmentof voca- c. Local industrialscene in mechanical tional goals, and howone goes about evaluating technology these qualities.Field trips give the studentthe d. Further schooling opportunity tosee the mechanical technkian in 6. Employment practices action,while individualinterviewsgivethe a. Recruitment instructorfirst-handinformationaboutthe b. Tests student. c. Interviews d. School placement department

Major Divisions Class The Program of Study-2hours hours 1. Purpose of courses I. The School 2 II. Technical Personnel 7 a. General education III. The Program of Study.. 2 b. Related subjects IV. Field Trips 5 c. Technical subjects V. Individual Counseling 1 2. Arrangement of the curriculum I. The School-2 hours a. Designing major b. Manufacturing major 1. Purpose of orientation 3. The grading system andtests 2. The technical institute, its place ineduca- tion, the associate degree, accreditation 4. Opportunities in noninstitutecourses 3. How and when to study 5. Extracurricular activities 4. What is counseling, where is it obtained 6. The curriculum planningsheeta guide 5. Scholarship and assistanceprograms to each semester'sprogram II. Technical Personnel-7 hours Field Trips-5 hours 1. The world of work 1. Preparation for tripsto several industrial a. Occupat. nal levels and preparation plants; what to look for,type of question b. Qualifications for typical occupations to be asked of industry 2. Aptitudes required in mechanicaltech- 2. Tours planned specificallyto show the nology technician at work 3. Assessingpersonalaptitudesguidance 3. Discussion of trips, conclusionsthat may and testing be drawn 72 COURSE OUTLINES 73 V. Individual Counseling-1 or more hours as tunities in Industry as a Technician The Association, required 2 East 48th Street, New York 17 STATON. How to Study 1. Establishrapport witheachstudent, discussion of individual's objectives, apti- Current magazine and newspaper articles tudes, progress in school to date, study habits, etc. Visual Aids 2. Schedule further counseling sessions as needed. Coronet Films, Coronet Building, Chicago, Ill.: 3. Arrange for the services of others (school Aptitudes and Occupations Mechanical Aptitudes psychologist,testing department, other Your Earning Power technical area instructorifstudentis Encyclopaedia BritanicaFilms,Inc.,1150 Wilmette uncertain of interest in mechanical tech- Avenue, Wilmette, Ill.: nology). Planning your Career Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa: Getting Acquainted with Engineering Texts and References Vocational Guidance Films, Des Moines, Iowa: Engineering BERGEN. Putting Technicians to Work Charts and graphs illustrating employment trends in NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MANUFACTURERS, Your Oppor- industry. Job classification and qualification charts. I see Bibliography for publishers. Sample intelligence, aptitude, and personality tests. S 123, Communication Sid no

Hours Required 4. Gathering, selecting, and organizing the material Class, 3; Laboratory, 0 5. Examining the forms of discourse: argu- mentation, description, exposition, narra- Description tion, persuasion 6. Using aids: dictionary, thesaurus, library, This course is designed to enhance the student's note-taking, outlining. skill in reading, writing, listening, and speaking. III. DevelopingtheComposition:Oraland Topics for student oral and written reports are Written 15 hours chosen from material discussed in their technical 1. Being specific (words, ideas) courses.The course material correlates and inte- a. Defining terms grates the basic communication skills with practical b. The process of definition industrial situations instead of treating them as c. Types of meaningconnotative, deno- discrete topics.The practical aspect of communi- tative cation problems dominates the course. 2. Methods of presentation 3. Organization Major Divisions 4. Developing thecentralidea:forming, Clue &we stating, supporting I. The Idea of Communication: A Point of View__ 9 5. Composing the sentence, the paragraph, II. Investigating and Designing the Composition__15 the whole compositionoral and written III. Developing the CompositionOral and Written_15 IV. Process Explanation 6 IV. Process Explanation -6 hours V. Grammatical Convention 1. The nature of expository composition 2. Planning the explanation I. The Idea of Communication: A Point of View 3. Presenting the explanation 9 hours V. Grammatical Convention-6 hours 1. Analysis of the communication process 1. Forms, mechanics and usage 2. Examination of the problems involved in 2. Troublesome problems the effective use of the basic communi- a. The sentence fragment and run-together cation skills sentence 3. Relationship of language and maladjust- b. Commonly misspelled words and pen- ment manship 4. Dynamics of language c. Verb-subject agreement, tense a. Changes by time, place, and environ- d. Paragraphingstating and developing ment a main idea b. Levels of usage e. Punctuation and capitalization c. View toward grammatical conventions 5. Meaning and value in words and phrases II. Investigating and designing the Composi- Texts and References tion-15 hours Bucxzza and McAvoay. American College Handbook of 1. Choosing the subject English Fundamentals 2. Limiting the subject DEAN and BRmON.Effective Communication 3. Determining the purpose I See Bibliography for publishers. 74 COTIRSZOUTLINE; 75

DKVIT/ and WARNIR.Words in Context THOMPSON.Punclanwntals of Communication Gana's.The Writer's Resource Book TRACY and JRNNINCIS.Handbook for Technical Writers liAllWaLL.Technical Communication Zan= and Caouca.Succsasfu/Communicationin KaorL and STivins.Communication: Principles and Science and Industry Practices Laz.Language Habits in Human Affairs MARDER. The Craft of Technical Writing Visual Aids McCnontz.The Perceptive Writer, Reader, and Speaker PHRRIN and SMITH.ThePerrin-SMit3/4Handbook of NationalEducatior.TelevisionFilm Service,Audio- Current Usage Visual Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. PISPHR and DAVIS.Guide to Technical Reports (16 mm Alms): ROOST.College Thesaurus Language in Action Series---HAYAKAWA, 8. I. How to SCHUTTZ and STZINSHRO.Communication in Business Say What You Mean; The Task of the Listener; Industry What is the Meaning? STEWART, HUTCHINSON, LANHAM, and ZIMMER.Business Language and Linguistics Series-8am, HINT English and Communication Las.The Definition of Language; Dialects; Lan- STRUNK and WRITS.The Bienwnts of Style guage and Writing. it 222, Amor Iona buriltationa

Hours Required b. Decisions of production c. Exchange of goods Class, 2; Laboratory, 0 2. Comparative economicsystems a. Economic decisions under laissez faire Description b. Economic decisions ina mixed economy c. Economic decisions under socialism A study of the effect of Americansocial, eco- 3. Business organization and theAmerican nomic, and political institutionsupon the individ- economy ual as a citizen andas a worker.The course a. The relationship between ttie freeenter- dwells upon current local, national,and global prise concept and Americanculture problems viewed in the light ofour political and b. The Industrial Revolution economic heritage.Standards of conductare c. The rise of corporations considered as guides to the obligations andprivi- d. Monopoly price leges of an individual ina democratic society. e. The corporation and governmentregu- lation 4. Labor problems inan industrial society Major Divisions a. Labor before and after the Industrial Revolution I. Sociology 9 b. The emergence of modernindustrialism II. Economics 14 III. Government c. Labor organization asa compensating 11 power d. The rise of the A.F. of L. I. Sociology-9 hours e. The decline of unionism and the 1920's 1. The meaning andpurpose of social science f. The New Deal and sociallegislation 2. The nature and characteristicsof culture, g. Birth of the C.I.O. society, and personality h. Merger of AFL/CIO a. Integration of culture i.Post-war labor legislation andgovern- b. Consequences of cultural change ment regulation c. Functions of culture and how itserves 5. The problem of the Americanconsumer the individual a. Advertising and the consumer 3. A system of group relationships b. Measures to aid theconsumer a. Urban and rural communities c. Justification for a consumer's movement b. Social stratification 6. The farmer and the Americanculture c. Intergroup tension a. Technological revolution and its effect d. Personality formation on society e. The family b. The farm price problemand the reasons f. Education for nationalconcern g. Religion c. National legislation designed tocorrect IL Economics-14 hours the farm surplus problem (1) Parity 1. Economic systems and theirrelationship to culture (2) Government purchasingprograms (3) Acreage restrictions a. Want and resources (4) Soil bank 76 COTJR81 ODTLI2 8 77 d. World agricultural problems in compari- 6. The Federal Court System son to the American problem a. Supreme Court (1) United Nations Technical Assist- b. Circuit Court ance Program (3. District Court (2) American Technical Assistance Pro- d. Quasi courts grams 7. State and local government (3) United Nations Food and Agricul- a. Federalism and State powers ture Organization b. State constitutions 7. Prosperity without inflation c. The problem of State and local finance a. The business cycle d. Forms of local government b. The cause of the business cycle 8. Comparative political systems c. Stabilizing the economy through the a. Capitalism monetary policy b. Socialism (1) Reserve requirements c. Trends in world politics and how they (2) Open-market operations affect American foreign policy (3) Discount rate 9. World politics and the United Nations (4) Selective controls a. Prestige and democracy abroad d. Fiscal policy as a stabilizer b. Review of American foreign policy (1) Taxation increase or decrease c. Trends in world politics and how they (2) Government investment affect American foreign policy e. The built-in stabilizers of the business cycle Texts and References (1) Unemployment insurance ADRIAN. State and Local Government (2) Social Security payments BACH.Economics BANNER, HILL, and WILDER.The Contemporary World (3) Old-Age Assistance Program BELL and BERNARD.Crowd Culture (4) Payments to farmers under various BIESANZ and MAVIS. An Introduction to Social Science agriculture programs BISHOP and HENDLE.American Democracy CARR, BERSTEIN, and MORRISON.American Democracy in III. Government-11 hours Theory and Practice 1. Society and the governing institutions CHAMBERLAIN.Sourcebook on Labor 2. The Constitution, a foundation for Amer- CHINOT.Society: An Introduction to Sociology ican national, State and local government FAULKNER and STARR.Labor in America IRISH and PROTHRO.The Politics of American Democracy a. Constitutional development in America MARK and SLATER.Economics in Action b. Confederation and federation OGG and RAY.Essentials of American Government 3. The political systems and political issues FELLING.American Labor PHELPS.Introduction to Labor Economics a. Elections Ross.The Fabric of Society b. Political parties and political issues SERKIN.Crisis of Our Age c. Purpose of the electoral college SWEEDLIIN and CRAWFORD. Man in Society d. Third parties WALETT.Economic History of the U.S. e. Pressure groups f. The American voter Visual Aids Man and His Culture, Encyclopedia Britannica, 1150 4. The President of the United States of Wilmette Avenue, Wilmette, Illinois. America ProductivityKey to Plenty, Film, Ino., 1150 Wilmette a. Chief administrator Avenue, Wilmette, Illinois. b. Chief foreign policymaker Social Classes in America, New York: McGraw -Hill Book c. Commander-in-chief of the armed forces Co., Inc. The Pursuit of Happiness, Amalgamated Meat Cutters d. Veto power and Butcher Workmen of North America. 5. Congress The Rise of Organized Labor, New York: McGraw -Hill a. Powers of Congress Book Co., Inc. b. Organization of Congress Labor's Witness, United Automobile Workers Union. c. Congress and politics 1 Bea Bibliography for publishers. II 283, Psychology and HunanRelations

Hours Required b. Importance in understanding, predict- ing and controlling human behavior Class, 3; Laboratory, 0 c. Application toadvertising, business and industry 2. Emotions and feelings Description a. Origin, function andphysical aspects Planned for the development of a better under- b. Understanding and controlling standing of the human mechanismitsmotivation 3. Frustration and learning ability as related tointerpersonal a. Causes relations on the job.Employee selection, intelli- b. Various reactions to frustration c. Application toindustrial problems gence andaptitude tests, supervision, industrial conflict, and job satisfaction areconsidered.At- III. Problems of Adjustment-7 hours tention is given to personal and groupdynamics 1. Abnormal reaction patterns so that thestudent may learn to apply the prin- a. Dynamics ofmental and emotional ciplesof mental hygienetohisadjustment disorders problems as a worker and as a memberof society. b. Chief classifications of disorders Instruction is focused upon the practicalapplica- c. Principlesof general semantics and tions of the principles guidinghuman behavior relevance to understanding of abnormal rather than their physiological origin orhistorical reactions significance. 2. Mental hygiene a. Kinds of therapy andtheir rationale b. Exploration of the concept of mental Major Divisions Clan health hours c. Achievingandmaintainingmental I. A Practical Science 3 II. Basic Psychological Principles 13 health III. Problems of Adjustment 7 IV.Vocational Industrial Problems-9 hours 9 IV. Vocational Industrial Problems choice V. Factors of Supervision 11 1. Vocational problems: vocational VI. Communications in Industry 4 a. Factors invocational choice: interests. VII. Industrial Conflict 4 attitudes, aptitudes, social abilities b. Getting the job I. A Practical Science-3 hours 2. Vocational problems: on the job 1. Orientation to subject:posing and solving a. Success on thejob: job satisfaction problems from life situations b. Promotion on the job: efficient study 2. The scientific method: habits,effective thinking, intersocial a. Awarenessof problems problems b. Collection of data V. Factors of Supervision-11 hours c. Hypothesis 1. Employee selection d. Testing hypothesis a. Theory and art ofinterviewing e. Confirmation orrefutation b. Use of testing in industry II. Basic Psychological Principles-13 hours 2. Employee evaluation 1. Motivation a. Meaning and useof ratings, job evalua- a. Natureand classification of motives tions, job analysis and description 78 COURSEOTITLINZ6 79

b. Motion study and incentives in industry BLUM. Industrial Psychology and Its Social Foundations, rev. edition 3. Employee leadership ,Read:nge in Experimental Industrial Psychology. a. Group dynamics inindustry New York: Prentice -Hail, Inc. b. Factors in leadership, discipline and CALHOON, NOLAND, and WHITEHALL.Cases on Human morale Relations in Management, New York:McGraw-Hill c. Training methods Book Co., Inc. DUBIN. The World of WorkIndustrial Society andHu- VI. Communications in Industry-4 hours man Relations 1. Requirements in industrialcommunica- Gannua, and BROWN.Personnel and Industrial Psy- chology tions HierNzn.Psychology Applied to Life and Work 2. Factors in evaluation MAIER.Principles of Human Relations: Applications to 3. Influence on morale Management ,Psychology in Industry, 2d ed. VII. Industrial Conflict --4 hours RYAN and SMITH.Principles of Industrial Psychology 1. Formation and perpetuationof attitudes Siam.Psychology of Industrial Behavior and beliefs STAGNER. The Psychology of Industrial Conflict 2. Factors of social conflict 3. Psychology of unionism Visual Aids 4. Psychology of organized conflict as exem- plified in strikes and lockouts Association Films, Inc., 347 MadisonAvenue, New York, N.Y.: Unconscious Motivation Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515Madison Texts and References 1 Ave., New York, N.Y. Rumor Clinic AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE!!, MoGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 330 West 42dStreet, New "Automation," in Annals, March 1982. Yo, k, N.Y.: BEACH and CLAnz.Psychology in Business Breakdown BELLOWS.Psychology of Personnel in Business and In- Feeling of Depression dustry Feeling of Hostility Man on the Assembly Line Overdependency I See Bibliography for publiabera. Bibliography

ADRIAN, CHARLES R., State and Local Government. New BACH, GEORGE, Economics, 3d EditionEnglewood Cliffs, York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc. ABLBERG, A. H., "Gear Tooth Action," in Machine Design, BACHA, CHARLES P., Elements of Engineering Materials. Vol. 25 No. 7, p. 121. New York: Harper and Brothers. ALBERT, C. D., Machine Design Drawing Problems, New BANNER-HILL-WILBER, The Contemporary World.Engle- York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. wood Cliffs, N.J.; Prentice-Hall, Inc. AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICALAND SOCIAT. SCIENCES, BARNES, RALPH M., Motion and Time Study. New York: "Automation," in Annals.March 1962.Philadelphia: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The Academy. BASSIN, MILTON G., and BRODSKY, STANLEY M., Statistics AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABORCONGRESS OF INDUS- and Strength of Materials.New York: McGraw-Hill TRIAL ORGANIZATIONS, Washington 25, D.C. Book Co., Inc. Wage Inventive Plans, AFLCIO Bargaining Report, BEACH, L. R. and CLARK, E. L., Psychology in Business. December, 1957 New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. Declines of Wage Incenti"es, AFLCIO Bargaining BEGEMAN, MYRON L., Manufacturing Processes.New Report, November, 1960 York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Time Study, AFLCIO Collective Bargaining Report Job Evaluation Plans, AFLCIO Collective Bargain- BEGG3, J. S., Mechanism. New York: McGraw-Hill Book ing Report Co., Inc. Predetermined Time Systems in the U.S.A., Bertram BELL, CANNON and BERNARD, IDDINGS, Crowd Culture. Gottlieb, 1959 Chicago: Henry Regnery & Co., 14 East Jackson Blvd. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, Steel Con- BELLOWS, R. M., Psychology of Personnel in Business and struction, A Manual for Architects, Engineers and Fabri- Industry.Englewood Cliffs,N.J., Prentice-Hall, Inc. cators of Buildings and Other Steel Structures. New York: BERGEN, JAY H., Putting Technicians toWork.U.S. the Institute DepartmentofHealth,Education,andWelfare, , Structural Shop Drafting, Vols. I and II.New Washington 25, D.C. York: the Institute. BILLINGS, J. H., Applied Kinematics., 3d ed.Princeton, AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR METALS, Metals Handbook. Cleve- N.J., D. VanNostrand Co., Inc. land: The Society. BIESANZ, JOHN and MAVIS, An Introduction to Social AMERICAN SOCIETY OF TOOL ENGINEERS, Tool Engineers Science, 2d ed.Englewood Cliffs, N.J.; Prentice-Hall, Handbook, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. Inc. BISHOP, HILLMAN M. and HANDEL, SAMUEL, American AMISS, JOHN AND JONES, FRANKLIN, The Use of Handbook Democracy, 4th ed.New York:Appleton-Century- Tables and Formulas. New York: The Industrial Press. Crofts, Inc. ANDERSON, R. L. and BRANCROFT, T. A., Statistical Theory BLACK, N. H. and LITTLE, A. P., An Introductory Course in Research. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. in College Physics, 4th ed.New York: The Mac- ANDRES, P. G.; MISER, HUGH J.; and HASKINS, ELMER E., millan Co. Basic Mathematics for Engineering and Science.New BLACK, PAUL, Machine Design.New York: McGraw- York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hill Book Co., Inc. AUDEL, THEODORE & Co., Pumps-Hydraulics and Air BLICKE, M. D. and HOUP, K. W., Reports for Science and Compressor. New York 10: The Company 49 E. 23d St. Industry. New York: Henry Holt & Co. AUBLEY, A. C., Manufacturing Methods and Processes. BLOCK, N. H. and LITTLE, A. P., An Introductory Course in Philadelphia: Chilton Company College Physics, 1956.New York: The Macmillan Co. 81 82 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGYDESIGN AND PRODUCTION

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U.S. DZPARTURNT 07 LABOR, Population and Labor Force Wuxi!, S. S., Elementary Analysis.Princeton, Projections for the United States, 1980 -1975.Washing. N.J.: Princeton University Press. ton: U.S. Government Printing Office.Labor Statistics. WILLIAMS, R. S., and HOW:MMHG, V., The Principles of Bulletin No. 1242, June 1959, Metallography. 4th ed.New York: McGraw-Hill VANVOORIS, WALTZR R., and HARLIN'S, ELM HZ E., Basic Book Co., Inc. Mathematics for Engineering and Science.Englewood Wr ',sou, F. W., A S. I M E Die Design Handbook. New Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc. York: McGraw -Hill Book Co., Inc. VORIS, WILLIAM, Production and Control. Homewood, Ill.: WINSTON, STANTON, Machine Design.Chicago: American Richard D. Irwin, Inc. Technical Society. WAurrr, FRANCIS G., Economic History of the U.S. New Zwriza and CROUCH, Successful Communication in Science and Industry.New York: McGraw -Hill Book Co., Inc. York: Barnes & Noble, Inc. ZIMMLRMAN, JOHN R., Elementary Kinematics of Mecha- WAUGH, A. E., Elements of Statistical Method. New York: nisms.Englewood Cliffs N.J.: John Wiley Sons. McGraw -Hill Book Co., Inc. ZIPPRICH, A. E., Freehand Drafting.Princeton, N.J.: WIRIER, R. L., WHITE, M. W., and MANNING, K. V., D. Van Noetrand. Physics forScience and Engineering. New York: ZOISORA, FRAME,EngineeringDrawing. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. McGraw -Hill Book Co., Inc. Appendixes A. Sample Instructional Materials

THE COURSE OUTLINE and course descriptions in this Suggested Standards for Laboratory book are general in nature, suggesting areas of instruction and major study topics.Instructional materials should Report Writing be prepared to supplement the use of textbooks and refer- ences.This is especially necessary in laboratory instruc- General Characteristics tionwhereitisalways advisabletoorganizethe instruction around industrial applications of the principles Tests of equipment are usually summarized in the form being taught. of reports.In most cases the reports are submitted to The sample instructional materials included in this those who have not been actively engaged in the tests; appendix illustrate ways of expanding and supplementing hence the reports must be clear and concise enough to the units of instruction shown in the outlines.Three leave no doubt concerning the method of test and the guides are shown: one for a lecture unit and two that interpretation of the results. include both lecture and laboratory guides. A sample of The report should be written in the past tense and in the student work is shown in the form of a student's laboratory third person.It should be impersonal throughout, per- report on which corrections and suggestions for improve- sonal pronouns being avoided.The report must be ment are written in by an instructor.The marking of complete in itself so that it can be followed by a reader reports is of extreme importance in making this aspect of without extensive knowledge of the test under oonsidera- technical instruction effective.Unless this marking is tion.A good report is thorough, orderly, neat, and done as carefully and objectively as possible, the student grammatically correct. may be misled and actually misinformed.Marking should also include attention to form, style, clarity of expression, Specifications and spelling. 1. Write with ink or use a typewriter. 2. Use 8% x 11 inch paper.(Ruled paper for hand- Laboratory Report writing) 3. Write on one side of the paper only. Much of the effectiveness of formal training rests upon 4. Draw all illustrations, circuit diagrams, and curves the standards required in reporting.Employers stress the neatly and carefully. importance of communications, especially for the liaison 5. Letter or type all information on drawings, circuit type jobs so often assigned to the technician.Perhaps diagrams, and curves.Do not mix lettering styles. the most thorough approach to this in the instructional 6. Assemble the sheets in the order given in the program is found in the formal and informal reporting of following report outline.Submit the material in laboratory work.This includes not only the basic "experi- a standard report folder with the brads inserted ment" laboratory project, but alsodesign problems, through the back cover only, with the heads on the research studies, and field study of industrial installations. outside. The form and style of the formal report should be established early in the program in order to attain a degree Report Outline of uniformity. "The Suggested Standards for Laboratory Reporting" included here are intended for the student's The material should be arranged in the following order: orientation; they follow accepted patterns of reporting. I. Title page A common deficiency in student work is insufficient atten- II. Introduction tion to detail.The guide used should direct attention to III. Method of investigation the importance of detail as well as logical conclusion in A. Procedure the reporting process. B. Diagrams 89 go APPENDIX:CS

IV. Results C. Curves.All curve sheets should oonform tothe A. Data following specifications: 1. Nameplate data of equipment 1. Use "twenty to the inch" coordinatepaper, 2. Observed and calculated data 8'4 x 11 inches, for rectangular plots. B. Sample calculations 2. Plot in the first quadrant where onlyone quadrant C. Curves is needed. V. Analysis of results 8. In general, make the axes intersect within the VI. Questions second part of the paper.Leave the curve (Not more than one of the above six divisions should sheet margins blank. be included on a single page.Omit Roman numerals.) 4. Plot the independent variable as abscissa and the dependent variable as ordinate. 5. In general, start the scale of the dependent variable, but not necessarily the scale ofthe I. Title Page independent variable, at zero. On this page should appear the name of the school, the 6. Choose scales that are easy to use and that donot course number and title, the date performed, the date allow points to be plotted to a greateraccuracy submitted, the name of the student reporting, and the than that justified by the accuracy of the data. 7. Indicate points plotted from data by visibledots names of coworkers.This page may be omitted if the or very small circles. form printed on the report folder includes these items. 8. Draw a smooth average curve through the plotted Introduction points except in cases in which discontinuities The introduction should be a concise statement setting are known to exist. Use a French curve in drawing forth the aim and scope of the investigation. the curves. 9. Place a title containing all pertinent information III. Method of Investigation on each curve sheet. The title should be lettered A. Procedure.In this section a general description of or typed.Label the axes and show the units in the procedure should be given.It should be comprehen- which they are marked. sive but brief.The enumeration and detailed description 10. Draw only related curveson the same sheet. of routine mechanical operations and their sequencesuch 11. Insert curve sheets in the reportso that they as closing switches, reading instruments, turning knobs, can be read from the bottom or right side. and so forthshould in general be avoided.However, 12. Use ink for everythingon the sheet except the when a specific method of mechanical operation is necessary curves themselves; these should be drawn with to assure the validity or accuracy of the test data, it is a colored pencil. important that the essential details be included in the V. Analysis of results description. The analysis of results is the most importantsection of B. Diagrams. Each diagram should have a figure the report.As the word "analysis" implies, it shouldbe a number, and should be referred to in the text material by complete discussion of the results obtained. that number.Each figure should have a descriptive title. Part of the discussion should deal with theaccuracy Small diagrams may be included in the body of the or reliability of the results.It is suggested, where appli- description, or several may be drawn on one separate sheet cable, that this section consist of a careful treatmentof the if they do not crowd the page.Standard symbols should effect on the results of the following: (1) Errorsresulting be used. from the necessity of neglecting certain factors becauseof IV. Results physical limitations in the performance ofthe test, (2) errors in manipulation, (3) errors in observation, and (4) A. Data.The first item under results should be the errors in instruments. nameplate data,or equivalentidentification,of the An important part of the discussion shouldbe a com- apparatus tested. parison of the results obtained with those which The original observed data and the calculated data would reasonably have been expected from a considerationof the should be presented in tabular form.If the observed data theory involved in the problem. Whenever the require corrections, these should be made before tabulation. theory is apparently contradicted, the probablereason should be Instrument identification numbers and ranges need not be discussed. copied from the original laboratory data sheet. When results are given in graphic formsas curves, the B. Sample calculationa.This section shouldconsist shape of each curve should be carefully explained.Such of a sample of a complete calculation of each type involved an explanation should state the causes for the particular in the determination of calculated data and the solution of shape the curve may have. problems. When a succession of calculations is required Any original conclusions drawnas a consequence of the in order to reach a final result, the same set of observed laboratory procedure and a study of the resultsobtained data should be used in carrying through the successive should be included in this section. sample calculations; i.e., the same sample figures that are VI. Questions selected from a data column should be used in all calcula- In this section should be included theanswers to any tions involving that set of data. questions given as a part of the test. APPLNDIXZIES 91

Sample Laboratory 111' Experiment No. 3

A 213, Statistics and Quality Control Unit IV - Control Charts

References:

Grant, E. L., Statistical Quality Control Freedman,Rudolph and Movshin, J., Basic Training Manual onStatistical ualit

Objectives:

1. To analyze a typical industrial frequency distribution of measurements taken from similar machined parts. 2. To construct an x and R control chart. 3. To interpret the control chart in terms of the process. 4. To calculate the upper and lower control limits.

Procedure:

1. Take twenty samples of five successive pieces from the sane process at one-hour intervalsand record the measurements on a tally form. 2. Compute the averagex and the range Rfor each sample. 3. Compute the grand average of the averages x and the average range R . 4. Compute the control limits and construct controlcharts for x and R.

Note.--Use Appendix I in your manual to obtain the 3-sigma factors.

Questions:

1. Analyze the control chart with the purpose of suggesting any tool changes or machine adjustment. Is the process in control? Is there indication of a steady change in the average?Are there any measurements outside the control limits?

Can you recognize any characteristic signsindicating assignable and chance cause variations? Is this a rational method of subgrouping? Why or why not?

661825-62--7 92 APPENDIXZS

Mechanical Technology

Production Major

Course - A 213, Statistics and Quality Control

Experiment No. 3

Title:

Statistical method of ana:fsis of a process

Name: John Doe Date: 11/26/62 APVENDIXES 98

Experiment No. 3

Introduction

In order to describefrequency distributions certainsingle numbers are used to tell things about the entire distribution. Such a number itscalled a statistic.

The following statisticsmight be used to describethis frequency distribution.

1. Average or mean. This is the level or

central tendency of the processand is

denoted by T for individualmeasurements

or x. for groupmeasurements. dispersion of the 2. Range. This is the spread or

process and is denotedby R for individual

measurements or R for groupmeasurements.

The objectives of this aboratorassignment are to

am the use ofa,tarrth----micrometer to calculate the

range and the averageof the measurements,and to plot

and to analyze controlcharts.

These measurements weretaken in the inspection eN laboratory on machined partsthat were processedwithpn

close tolerance limits ona manuallyoperated cylindrical

grinder. Each sample represents atotal of 150 pieces

produced between regularsampling intervals. 94 APPENDIXES

Experiment No. 3

Procedure:

Twenty successive samples of five pieces fromthe

same process were measured and their dimensions were

recorded ona tally sheet. A oneinch micrometer, A to one ten thousand' was used. To expedite Ste the necessary calculations only the fourth figure was

recorded.

Thenthe average and range for each sample group

determinedand from thesevalues the grand average

of the average measurements and the average range

computed.Then control charts for the averages and

the ranges were constructed and the group averages

plotted. APPENDIXES 95

CONSTRUCTION OF7 aR CONTROL CHART

SR. MEASUREMENTS (X) SUM I le i 1 ..../r a t c, 4 _1_ NOTE 9 _.1. 0 2 I., 1 Ilk RI -4- we --Tc. X 3 3. i 1 -- .11-(2--..af2 l'' m 4 C. it 1.._i_3 a 9.4ai. WHERE 5 2- -5 I 1 I 42 2.6 j s 2 3 l 3 S' _IL. 2.ii) 4_ II, R2-- -Tcm ARE 7 j 3.-a 1 S /1._. 2 .? THE AVERAGES OF 6 0 _Q.... i... 4 3 _r_L2. 4..1 THE SAMPLES, AND 9 3 _L.. t 1 1 ___t_. i 1 1- m IS THE NUMBER 10 I 1 2. 6" 1 /I 2 .2, 4. OF SAMPLES 2 i 11 6 . --t-- ...L. -1---. " .4-. 1 2 --1 -Z.. L. ° 1 --4--/' Z j 3 -2_ 4.6le_ 13 A.s' i _24_ RI+Rg---Rm 5 1 '2. 0 ._11 R= 14 t ill_ m '5 / NT / / 1, LO 2 .0 0 WHERE 16 _IS_ 1 _2g. ___?..._ /. e? _.f...... ,T___ /. 0 RI? Rg---R. ARE 17 _L.. i 0 ..i. 0 .i. THE RANGES OF I a _2 17. .ae._ .3_ 2 Jle...2 4 _L .21. 1 I 4._ THE SAMPLES, I 9 4 0 F ILk_ 2. AND m IS THE 20 .L. i A. 3 // L. 1, Ira NUMBER OF SAMPLES 14/.4ILT" 7.24l 25- CONTROL LIMITSFOR 3t CHART, na20 Agri X OR 1.07 loyes-a UCL IS 2S1 1..g9 =3,16 LCL IS 24oLl ill a .01_

CONTROL LIMITS FOR R CHART

UCL IS NA LCL IS 03 W x Wa UCL IS ,2 /IX :2_...-ro fi LCL IS 96 APPENDIXES

CONSTRUCTION OF 3c 8 R CONTROLCHART

*op CHART .1 .1.101 WIND maw Eramuni..., pLum

20711111111111.111PIfflElopplIm1 Z.1111MMILIS 1111"11111IIIPIITIETII 11111M11 III IN 111111111 11111111 MIMILI 111M1111111111.1.111 Wuii BM AILInwr WE MI r T I 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 SUBGROUP NURSER

R CHART __V E co 14 f 7 IMMO ago

3.25 Imn No R = .1=1 MP MI* IBM MEI /AO 3.0 - -- .1W1110MIN. =MO 01111 .

weItON TROL 4411MIIT

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 H 1213 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 SUBGROUP NUMBER

W S -38 APPENDIXES 97

Experiment No. 3

ANALYSIS OF REPORT AND CONCLUSIONS

The control chart for the averages of the twenty sample groups shows a rather uniform distribution,although there seems to be a tendency to hold more constantly below the center line.The upper area of the control chart shows a greater spread in values between the center line and the upper control limit. Because no two pieces can be identical this spread invalues can be considered as due to chance causes and accepted as resulting from a particular process. Only one point falls outside the control limits. This occurs onthe high side of the control chart. A single point outside the control limits does not appear to be harmful butios it was pointed out, !P' any point fallingoutside the control limits is due to some assignable cause and corrective measure must be

taken.

In this case the single point does become significant when considering the fact that it is the average value of a small sample taken from a lot size of 150 pieces produced between each sampling interval. It seems highly improbable that a single sampling could produce

all the bad pieces in the lot.Therefore a safe con-

clusion is to assume that the process at this point is Pout of control and corrective action should be taken. iNt 98 APPENDIXES Instruction Units LABORATORY TIME:Four 2-hour periods OUTSIDE STUDY:3 hours (minimum) REFERENCE: Church,A. H., "Kinematicsof Machines," Teaching Guide 5th Edition, Chapter4, pages 50-86; 87-101 Chapter 5, pages Sample 1 VISUAL AIDS: 1. Model of slider-crank DP 113, MANUFACTURING mechanism PROCESSES 1 2. Model of shapermechanism TOPIC: Division V. Powder Metal andCermets LECTURE OUTLINE: LECTURE TIME: One55-minute period OUTSIDE STUDY: 1 hour(minimum) 1. Sliding blocklinkage REFERENCE: (a) Use of slider-crankmechanism (b) Piston Begeman, "ManufacturingProcesses," Fourth Edi- velocitygraphical method tion, Pages 145-157 (1) Polarcurve of piston velocity Schaller,'EngineeringManufacturing Methods," (2) Velocity-displacementcurve Pages 45-50 (3) Velocity-timecurve (c) Characteristics LECTURE OUTLINE: of piston motion (d) Connecting rodeffect 1. General Introduction (e) Piston accelerationgraphicalconstruction (a) Mechanicalproduction of powder (f)Piston velocityanalytical (1) Machining method (g) Pistonaccelerationanalytical method (2) Crushing 2. Quick-returnmotion (3) Milling 3. Shaper mechanism (4) Graining 4. Fixed blocklinkage (5) Shotting (6) Atomizing ASSIGNMENT')FORNEXT LECTURE PERIOD: (b) Reading Assignment.Church, Physical production ofpowdercondensation A. H., "Kinematics of (C)Chemical productionof powder Machines," 5th Edition,Chapter 6, pages 103-113. Cam displacement (1) Reduction ofmetal ores bygas diagrams. (2) Precipitation Problem Assignment.Plotdisplacement diagrams in (d) Electrical productionof powder Problem 1,pages 138-139.Answer questions in 2. Processing Methods Probler" 2, page 139.Work Problem 3,page 139. (a) Size selection (b) Lubrication materials (c) Mixing equipment Laboratory I (d) Shaping powder (1) Conventional OBI D 205, BASIC (2) Hydraulic MECHANICS TOPIC: Division V.Slider-Crank Mechanisms: (3) Rotary Driven Quick-Return Crank- (e) Dies used Motion EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:Standard drafting (f)Sintering ment room equip- (1) Ovens SUPPLIES REQUIRED: (2) Liquid salts Standard drafting supplies REFERENCE: Church, A.H., "Kinematics of (3) Molten metals 5th Edition, Problem Machines," 3. Application 15, Page 280, Plate13 (a) Bonding PROCEDURE: Use size "C" tracingpaper. Read the state- (b) Appliances ment of the problem inthe text and proceedas follows: (c) Coatings Draw the quick-returnmotion shown in Plate13. The driving crank 2 has (d) Machine parts a length of 3% in. and rotatesclock- (e) Others wise at 240 rpm. The drivenslider 6 is to havea stroke of 16 in., and the timeratio of advance toreturn is to ASSIGNMENT FORNEXT LECTUREPERIOD: Campbell, be 2:1. "Principles of Manufacturing Materials and Processes," 1. Draw the mechanism Chapter 2, pages 9-39.Schaller, "EngineeringManu- as shown with the block 6 facturing Methods," Chapter29, pages 530-546. at the left end of itsstroke.Find the length of lever 4 necessary togive the proper strokeand time Sample 2 ratio. 2.'Draw a skeletondiagram of the mechanismas D 205, BASIC MECHANICS indicated by the dashedlines in the figure,with TOPIC: Division V. crank 2 at 45° with thevertical position. Slider-Crank Mechanisms 3. Locate all instant LECTURE Timm: One55-minute period centers for the mechanismin the position specified in paragraph2. APPENDIXES 99

4. By use of instant center 026, determine the instan- Acceleration-displacement diagram taneous velocity of 6.Represent the velocity of Acceleration-time diagram pin M on the driving crank by a line 2 in. long. 8. Calculateandconstructgraphicalscalesfor 5. By use of instant centers 024 and 041, determine velocity and acceleration. graphically the velocity of 6 and see that it checks Calculate the linear velocity of crankpin for with the value obtained in paragraph 4.SCALE: given angular velocity. Show by vector to a scale 3' inch =1 inch indicated in step 4. 6. Plot the velocity-displacement curve for the for- Show graphically the linear velocity of sliding ward and return stroke of the sliding block 6 to a block 6 when crank arm is in vertical or 0° position scale of 1 inch equal to 10 feet per second. Scam as well as in the 45° position shown and also in 90°, inch =1 inch 135° and 180° positions.Follow the directions 7. On separate paper plot the following: given in step 6. Polar velocity diagram Show all calculations on a separate sheet, not Velocity-time curve on the drawing. B. Instructional Facility Suggestions

A Statoment of Principles to get the broadest experience he can with as many different types of equipment as possible. THIRTY YEARS AGO every professional engineer- Therefore, the shop is used as a laboratory in which ing curriculum had shop and drafting courses. he moves from one situation to another as rapidly Today these courses have been displaced by new as he gains knowledge of what a machine can do subject matter considered more necessary to an and what its limitations are. engineer's education.Engineering education has In this light it immediately becomes obvious systematically eliminated courses designed to teach that the laboratory for technical students must production methods and techniques and has added contain a variety of machines rather than a num- course work in engineering analysis and design. ber of machines of one type.The work the stu- However, in the total production process some- dent carries out will not be designed to acquire a one still must be familiar with production methods skill but to illustrate the productivity, functions, and machinery, and someone has to work on the and limitations of machines.Since the student drafting board to transform the creative idea to a should be familiar with some machines which specific design for economic production.It is in only industry can afford, he will have to supple- these areas that technically trained personnel can ment his laboratory experiences and classroom utilize the training which the graduate engineer no information with trips to industrial installations. longer gets.They assume the contact with the Technical personnel design production units skillsof production which theengineer has that can be made by machines.They must surrendered. thoroughly understand the various production Technical personnel engaged in mechanical methods, the machines involved, and the capacities design or production must be familiar with pro- of these machines in order to make decisions in- duction methods and drafting practices, both of volving accuracy as well as factors of cost, produc- which require an understanding of the operations, tion, and durability. capacities, and limitations of machine tools and Laboratory experiences as well as classroom equipment. The designer should be able to make instruction should be supplemented by visual final detail drawings and to write specifications of aids, visits, and demonstrations.Thus it may parts to be produced, while production personnel be advantageous to illustrate thermal welding or should be able to make drawings for plant layouts. the tapping of high pressure pipelines by demon- The shop work in a technical course is not the stration or by visiting and observing industrial same as that which is usually given in vocational installations of automatic or programed machines. education for skill training.The technical worker The mechanical technology student must have must become acquainted with the machine or laboratory experience in strength of materials and process, and there is no better way to do this than in metallurgy.It is possible to provide laboratory to see and operate the machines and equipment. experience for both these subjects in one area. The educational programs in this publication are (See sample layout.)The student's activities in centered around the metal trades.The student strength of materials and metallurgy laboratories should have access to and, wherever possible, some provide technical knowledge thatisbasic in experience with the metal working equipment mechanical design. Such knowledge should include found in machine shops, welding shops, and familiarity with industrial equipment and pro- foundries.The courses DP 118 Manufacturing cedures.Beyond this, the student must have the Processes I and DP 133 Manufacturing Processes opportunity to confirm principles.Thus, while II contain outlines of this work. in industry hardness is determined largely in one It should be pointed out again that the objective manner, it is well in the training situation to have of the technical student is not to attain a skill but as many methods as possible available to illustrate 100 APPEND/13S 101 principles and to compare methods.There should he should be able to assume a position in industry be enough laboratory work stations to enable each with the least amount of adjustment. student to use each piece of equipment. All equipment should be selected with job One exception to the general rule of emphasizing objectives in mind.Every principle should be principles rather than skills is in the drafting illustrated with an application and, where the courses of the mechanicaldesign option.The skills of the entry job are involved, the situation language of the designer is graphic; it must be in the school should simulate those of industry skillfullyreproduced;itrequireswell-defined as nearly as practicable.Where possible, con- drafting ability.For this reason the drafting sideration should be given to the possible dual room should simulateindustrial conditions as use of facilities if morethan one technology is nearly as possible. involved. The ideal drafting room should contain large drafting tables with a full Rork station for each Equipanont and Supplies student.Approximately half the tables may be equipped with parallel edges and the other half with drafting machines. Drafting Laboratory Blackboards should extend across the front of EQUIPMZNT the room.The white chalk board is desirable, Methylated since projections of films or material from an Qsantitr Ductiption eat 12Drafting tables-3' x 4'; parallel ruling overhead projector may be made directly on it. unit; metal based; dust cover.. $1,600 One side of the room should have low storage 12Drafting tables-3' x 5'; metal based; areas with bulletin boardsabove for display of duet cover 1,600 materials.The room should contain storage 12Drafting machines-24" arms with as- facilities; if the reproduction room is adjacent to sorted scales(at least two different the drafting room, the upper part of the wall makes) 1,500 24Drafting stools 525 between them can be of glass to enable the drafting 1 Reproduction machine 275 teacher to have visual supervision of the class at 2Blueprint filing cabinets-5 drawers with all times. base and cap, 30" x 42" 400 The front of the drafting room should have a 2Filing cabinets for teachers 100 large table for the instructor to serve as a place 1 Overhead projector 150 24Beta of drawing instruments and limited for materials used in demonstration.At some numbers of auxiliary items such as beam place in the room, preferably adjacent to the compasses 750 teaching area, there should be enough open shelving 1 Demonstrator slide rule-7 feet 25 to hold the machines and parts to be used as 6Assorted slide rules to demonstrate types 150 examples of design. used in industry 24Triangular architect's scales 60 The floor should be of a material restful to the 24Triangular engineer's scales 120 feet.The lighting should not be entirely natural, 24Triangular mechanical engineer's scales 120 and artificial lighting should be of high intensity 24Flat scalesassorted 90 at drawing board height.If fluorescent lighting 24Sets of triangles 80 is used, care should be taken that it does not give 24T squares_ 96 24Protractors 10 polarized light. Assorted curves and templates 50 As seen from the equipment list for drafting, 1 Cutting board 50 the room should contain all the equipment and 4Lettering guide sets 40 aids that one would expect to find in an industrial 1 Electric erasing machine_ 80 situation.In this room the student is expected, 24Bench brushes 50 2Trimming shears 12" 15 particularly in the advanced stages of the curricu- Engineering, machinists, standards, test- lum, to acquire the marketable skills of the entry ing handbooks 200 job.At the completion of the training period Other reference books 200 APPINDIXZ5 Minato: SUPPLIES Quoit* Deocription cost $3,600. 00 out 4Rockwell hardness testingmachines__ Quaid* Ducriptirs 1,400. 00 1 Brinell hardness testing machine Tracing paper $50 275. 00 100 1 Shore sclerosoope Drawing paper 1,450. 00 2f) 1 Impact machine Tracing cloth Magnaflux unit 0-3,000 A output 3,000. 00 Reproduction paper and supplies 70 1 and at- Assorted graph paper, orthographic,iso- 1 Testing machine with recorder tachments 11,000. 00 metric and oblique sketching paperand 4,500. 00 1 Torsion tester pads, coordinate sheets, letteringguide 2,700. 00 60 1 Bench type testing machine sheets, etc 6,000. 00 1 Industrial X-ray machine andcontrols.. Pencils, erasers, erasing shields,thumb 300. 00 tacks, masking tape, ink, eta 50 1 Cut-off machine (bonded wheel) 1 Bench grinder with diamondwheels (6" dia.) 360. 00 125. 00 1 Belt grinder (horizontal) 850. 00 Metals Laboratory 2Centermet presses 13,i" capacity 8,000. 00 1 Metallograph 500. 00 EQUIPMENT 1 Electra polisher Estimated 500. 00 cod 1 Two-stage specimen polishingtable.... Quaid* Description 100. 00 1Grinder 1 Gas furnace with blower,torch lighter 880. 00 0-2,400° F.) _ _11,200. 00 2Metallurgical microscopes and pyrometer (range Print roller 2Salt pots with pyrometer(range 0- 100.00 800 00 Print box 2,000° F.) Developing Tanks 3Gas fired blast furnaces withpyrometer (range 0-3,000° F.) 1,000. 00 TOOLING Cyanide pot 400. 00 1 38.00 1 Certain curtain electric furnacewith in- 1 Dial indicator 1/10,000 dicating controller potentiometer sys- Assorted and heattreating tem 0-3,000° F 1,400. 00 65.00 8. 50 1Heavy-duty electric furnace withrecord- 2Hacksaw frames 1,500.00 16. 50 ing potentiometer 1 0-1" micrometer Electric tempering furnacewith electric 0-1" thread micrometer 26. 00 1 1 8. 50 controls (range 0-1,000° F.) 1,200. 00 8&ledges (2-#, 1-111) 1 Electric furnace with pyrometer(range 0-2,600° F.) 900.00 SUPPLIES F.)_ _ _ 400. 00 1 Tempering oven (range 0-1,000° MiscellaneousAcids, alcohol, bakelite electric oven 1 Heavy-duty multiple unit powder, carburizing compound,chis- with potentiometer (range0-2,000° els,emerycloth,files,magnaflux F.) 1,100. 00 50.00 powder, film, polishingpowder, ther- 1 Electric hot plate 12" x 18" 200. 00 mometers, recording paper, 1 Pedestal grinder (1" x 8" x1") speci- 300. 00 blades, ferrous and nonferrous 1 Gas furnace (7" x 12" x 5") 1,200. 00 200. 00 mens, cut-off wheels,etc 2Quenching tanks (portable) APPENDlX8 103 Mote& Laboratory

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Arallgirrefira0 llIi=1111=1471 SCALE IN FEET 1. Gas furnaces with exhaust hoods 16. Pedestal grinder with diamond wheels 2. Salt pot with exhaust hood 17. Horizontal belt grinder 3. Cyanide pot with exhaust hood 18. Bench grinder 4. Electric furnace 19. Quenching tanks-portable 5. Screened 20. Two-stage polishing machine 6. Pedestal grinder 21. Eloctro-polisher 7. Workbench 22. Metallograph 8. Tempering oven 23. Photographic developing room 9. Service cabinet 24. Storage cabinets 10. Impact machine 25. Exhibit case 11. Magnaflux testing machine 26. Fluorescent lighting 12. Tension testing machine 27. Hardness testing equipment bench 13. Industrial X-ray 28. Devel tanks 14. Sink 29. Chalk ard 15. Cutoff machine 30. Heating equipment 0