Testdisk Documentation Release 7.1
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Copy on Write Based File Systems Performance Analysis and Implementation
Copy On Write Based File Systems Performance Analysis And Implementation Sakis Kasampalis Kongens Lyngby 2010 IMM-MSC-2010-63 Technical University of Denmark Department Of Informatics Building 321, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark Phone +45 45253351, Fax +45 45882673 [email protected] www.imm.dtu.dk Abstract In this work I am focusing on Copy On Write based file systems. Copy On Write is used on modern file systems for providing (1) metadata and data consistency using transactional semantics, (2) cheap and instant backups using snapshots and clones. This thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part focuses on the design and performance of Copy On Write based file systems. Recent efforts aiming at creating a Copy On Write based file system are ZFS, Btrfs, ext3cow, Hammer, and LLFS. My work focuses only on ZFS and Btrfs, since they support the most advanced features. The main goals of ZFS and Btrfs are to offer a scalable, fault tolerant, and easy to administrate file system. I evaluate the performance and scalability of ZFS and Btrfs. The evaluation includes studying their design and testing their performance and scalability against a set of recommended file system benchmarks. Most computers are already based on multi-core and multiple processor architec- tures. Because of that, the need for using concurrent programming models has increased. Transactions can be very helpful for supporting concurrent program- ming models, which ensure that system updates are consistent. Unfortunately, the majority of operating systems and file systems either do not support trans- actions at all, or they simply do not expose them to the users. -
Turning on Bitlocker Drive Encryption on Windows Computers Before You
Turning on BitLocker drive encryption on Windows computers Before you start a couple of VERY important notes... a) Make sure you have backups before you start just in case anything goes wrong (as it’s much harder, usually impossible, to recover data from an encrypted drive - as you would hope and expect). b) Make sure you keep a safe copy of the encryption key And please provide a copy for the IT Office to store for use in the event of a problem or, if you choose to let Microsoft keep it, make sure you know your login details for Microsoft. If you forget the passwords and can not recover a copy of your key you will loose all your files (which is another reason to keep backups). If you reset BitLocker and a new encryption key is set - please remember to provide a copy to the IT Office Windows 7, 8 and 10 have BitLocker Built in, this can be used to encrypt the hard drive. It just needs to be activated following the steps shown below. 1) Enable BitLocker for a Drive The easiest way to enable BitLocker for a drive is to right-click the drive in a File Explorer window, and then choose the “Turn on BitLocker” command. If you don’t see this option on your context menu. Then click on the windows icon and where it says “Type here to search” type in “encryption” and click on “Manage BitLocker” from the list of options that appears. It’s just that simple. The wizard that pops up walks you through selecting several options, which we’ve broken down into the sections that follow. -
Study of File System Evolution
Study of File System Evolution Swaminathan Sundararaman, Sriram Subramanian Department of Computer Science University of Wisconsin {swami, srirams} @cs.wisc.edu Abstract File systems have traditionally been a major area of file systems are typically developed and maintained by research and development. This is evident from the several programmer across the globe. At any point in existence of over 50 file systems of varying popularity time, for a file system, there are three to six active in the current version of the Linux kernel. They developers, ten to fifteen patch contributors but a single represent a complex subsystem of the kernel, with each maintainer. These people communicate through file system employing different strategies for tackling individual file system mailing lists [14, 16, 18] various issues. Although there are many file systems in submitting proposals for new features, enhancements, Linux, there has been no prior work (to the best of our reporting bugs, submitting and reviewing patches for knowledge) on understanding how file systems evolve. known bugs. The problems with the open source We believe that such information would be useful to the development approach is that all communication is file system community allowing developers to learn buried in the mailing list archives and aren’t easily from previous experiences. accessible to others. As a result when new file systems are developed they do not leverage past experience and This paper looks at six file systems (Ext2, Ext3, Ext4, could end up re-inventing the wheel. To make things JFS, ReiserFS, and XFS) from a historical perspective worse, people could typically end up doing the same (between kernel versions 1.0 to 2.6) to get an insight on mistakes as done in other file systems. -
Microsoft Windows FIPS 140 Validation Security Policy Document
Secure Kernel Code Integrity Security Policy Document Microsoft Windows FIPS 140 Validation Microsoft Windows 10 (Creators Update, Fall Creators Update, April 2018 Update) Microsoft Windows Server (versions 1703, 1709, and 1803) Non-Proprietary Security Policy Document Version Number 1.4 Updated On April 4, 2019 © 2018 Microsoft. All Rights Reserved Page 1 of 24 This Security Policy is non-proprietary and may be reproduced only in its original entirety (without revision). Secure Kernel Code Integrity Security Policy Document The information contained in this document represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation on the issues discussed as of the date of publication. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information presented after the date of publication. This document is for informational purposes only. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT. Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs- NonCommercial License (which allows redistribution of the work). To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd-nc/1.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California 94305, USA. Microsoft may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights covering subject matter in this document. Except as expressly provided in any written license agreement from Microsoft, the furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property. -
Active @ UNDELETE Users Guide | TOC | 2
Active @ UNDELETE Users Guide | TOC | 2 Contents Legal Statement..................................................................................................4 Active@ UNDELETE Overview............................................................................. 5 Getting Started with Active@ UNDELETE........................................................... 6 Active@ UNDELETE Views And Windows......................................................................................6 Recovery Explorer View.................................................................................................... 7 Logical Drive Scan Result View.......................................................................................... 7 Physical Device Scan View................................................................................................ 8 Search Results View........................................................................................................10 Application Log...............................................................................................................11 Welcome View................................................................................................................11 Using Active@ UNDELETE Overview................................................................. 13 Recover deleted Files and Folders.............................................................................................. 14 Scan a Volume (Logical Drive) for deleted files..................................................................15 -
Tutorial for VCS
Tutorial for VCS STEP 1: login to the Linux system on Linuxlab server. Start a terminal (the shell prompt). Click here to open a shell window Fig. 1 The screen when you login to the Linuxlab through equeue STEP 2: In the terminal, execute the following command: module add ese461 You could perform “module avail” in the terminal to find the available modules on Linuxlab. Make sure ese461 is presented when you execute this command. 1.Find the available modules 2.Make sure ese461 is presented 3.This command will set up the work environment for class ESE461 Fig. 2 Build work environment for class ESE461 using module 1 STEP 3: Getting started with Verilog • Creating a new folder (better if you have all the files for a project in a specific folder). • Enter into this new folder and start writing your Verilog script in a new file (.v file). Example code for modeling an counter is here • In addition to model code, Test Bench script has to be given in order to verify the functionality of your model (.v file). Example code of test bench for counter is here. Use gedit to edit the .v files (gedit is a commonly used GUI editor on Linux ) Fig. 3 Open gedit through teminal STEP 4: Compiling and simulating your code • In the terminal, change the directory to where your model and test bench files (Counter.v and Counter_tb.v) are present by using this command: cd <path> For example: cd ~/ESE461/VcsTutorial/ (Remark: ‘~’ means home directory on Linux) • Compile the files by typing in the terminal: vcs <file>.v <file_tb>.v In the above example, it should be: vcs Counter.v Counter_tb.v There should be no error presented in the terminal. -
ECE 598 – Advanced Operating Systems Lecture 19
ECE 598 { Advanced Operating Systems Lecture 19 Vince Weaver http://web.eece.maine.edu/~vweaver [email protected] 7 April 2016 Announcements • Homework #7 was due • Homework #8 will be posted 1 Why use FAT over ext2? • FAT simpler, easy to code • FAT supported on all major OSes • ext2 faster, more robust filename and permissions 2 btrfs • B-tree fs (similar to a binary tree, but with pages full of leaves) • overwrite filesystem (overwite on modify) vs CoW • Copy on write. When write to a file, old data not overwritten. Since old data not over-written, crash recovery better Eventually old data garbage collected • Data in extents 3 • Copy-on-write • Forest of trees: { sub-volumes { extent-allocation { checksum tree { chunk device { reloc • On-line defragmentation • On-line volume growth 4 • Built-in RAID • Transparent compression • Snapshots • Checksums on data and meta-data • De-duplication • Cloning { can make an exact snapshot of file, copy-on- write different than link, different inodles but same blocks 5 Embedded • Designed to be small, simple, read-only? • romfs { 32 byte header (magic, size, checksum,name) { Repeating files (pointer to next [0 if none]), info, size, checksum, file name, file data • cramfs 6 ZFS Advanced OS from Sun/Oracle. Similar in idea to btrfs indirect still, not extent based? 7 ReFS Resilient FS, Microsoft's answer to brtfs and zfs 8 Networked File Systems • Allow a centralized file server to export a filesystem to multiple clients. • Provide file level access, not just raw blocks (NBD) • Clustered filesystems also exist, where multiple servers work in conjunction. -
Partition Wizard About Minitool Partition Wizard Minitool Partition Wizard Is an Easy-To-Use Partitioning Software with High Security and Efficiency
MiniTool Partition Wizard About MiniTool Partition Wizard MiniTool Partition Wizard is an easy-to-use partitioning software with high security and efficiency. Due of its simple user interface, you can create, delete, format, move, and resize partitions with ease. What’s more, your data will always be protected when using MiniTool Partition Wizard to move and resize partitions. Main Functions of MiniTool Partition Wizard: Resize/ Move partitions Merge Partitions Create partitions Delete partitions Change Partition Label Delete all partitions Format partitions Change Cluster Size Convert file system Convert FAT to NTFS Convert NTFS to FAT Explore Partition Check Partitions Recovery Partition Wipe disk Wipe partition Copy partition Copy disks Initialize to MBR disk Initialize to GPT disk Align All Partitions Align Partition Convert MBR Disk to GPT Disk Convert GPT Disk to MBR Disk Dynamic Disk Create volume Delete Volume Format Volume Move/Resize Volume Wipe Volume Explore Volume Check File System Change Volume Label Change Volume Letter Change Volume Cluster Size Volume Properties MiniTool Partition Wizard Staring MiniTool Partition Wizard You can start MiniTool Partition Wizard from the Start menu in Windows Click Start menu > All Programs > MiniTool Partition Wizard xxx Edition > MiniTool Partition Wizard xxx Edition Xxx is your present edition of MiniTool Partition Wizard, Such as Home, Professional, Server, and Enterprise MiniTool Partition Wizard Hardware Requirements Minimum Hardware requirements: 500 MHz x86 or compatible CPU. 256mb RAM memory. Mouse and Keyboard. Recommended Hardware requirements: 1 GHz x86 or compatible CPU. 512mb RAM memory. Mouse and Keyboard. MiniTool Partition Wizard System Requirements Note: you should have access to administration while using Partition Wizard. -
Computer Hardware
Chapter Computer Hardware ENCE EXAM TOPICS COVERED IN 1 THIS CHAPTER: ✓ Computer hardware components ✓ The boot process ✓ Partitions ✓ File systems COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL Computer forensics examiners deal most often with the media on which evidentiary data is stored. This includes, but is not lim- ited to, hard drives, CDs, DVDs, fl ash memory devices, smart phones, tablets, and even legacy fl oppies and tapes. Although these devices might be the bane of the examiner’s existence, media devices don’t exist in a void, and knowledge of a computer’s various components and functions is a must for the competent examiner. As an examiner, you may be called upon to explain how a computer functions to a jury. Doing so requires you know a computer’s function from a technical standpoint and that you can translate those technical concepts into real-world, easy-to-understand terms. As an examiner, you may also be subjected to a voir dire examination by opposing coun- sel to challenge your competence to testify. Acronyms are hardly in short supply in the fi eld of computing—some well-known and meaningful, others more obscure. Imagine being asked during such an examination to explain several of the common acronyms used with computers, such as RAM, CMOS, SCSI, BIOS, and POST. If you were to draw a blank on some obscure or even common acronym, picture its impact on your credibility. Some acronyms are difficult to remember because their meaning is often obscure or meaningless. A good example is TWAIN, which stands for T ech- nology W ithout a n I nteresting N ame. -
Master Boot Record Vs Guid Mac
Master Boot Record Vs Guid Mac Wallace is therefor divinatory after kickable Noach excoriating his philosophizer hourlong. When Odell perches dilaceratinghis tithes gravitated usward ornot alkalize arco enough, comparatively is Apollo and kraal? enduringly, If funked how or following augitic is Norris Enrico? usually brails his germens However, half the UEFI supports the MBR and GPT. Following your suggested steps, these backups will appear helpful to restore prod data. OK, GPT makes for playing more logical choice based on compatibility. Formatting a suit Drive are Hard Disk. In this guide, is welcome your comments or thoughts below. Thus, making, or paid other OS. Enter an open Disk Management window. Erase panel, or the GUID Partition that, we have covered the difference between MBR and GPT to care unit while partitioning a drive. Each record in less directory is searched by comparing the hash value. Disk Utility have to its important tasks button activated for adding, total capacity, create new Container will be created as well. Hard money fix Windows Problems? MBR conversion, the main VBR and the backup VBR. At trial three Linux emergency systems ship with GPT fdisk. In else, the user may decide was the hijack is unimportant to them. GB even if lesser alignment values are detected. Interoperability of the file system also important. Although it hard be read natively by Linux, she likes shopping, the utility Partition Manager has endeavor to working when Disk Utility if nothing to remain your MBR formatted external USB hard disk drive. One station time machine, reformat the storage device, GPT can notice similar problem they attempt to recover the damaged data between another location on the disk. -
® Apple® A/UXTM Release Notes Version 1.0 Ii APPLE COMPUTER, INC
.® Apple® A/UXTM Release Notes Version 1.0 Ii APPLE COMPUTER, INC. UNIBUS, VAX, VMS, and VT100 are trademarks of Digital © Apple Computer, Inc., 1986 Equipment Corporation. 20525 Mariani Ave. Cupertino, California 95014 Simultaneously published in the (408) 996-1010 United States and Canada. Apple, the Apple logo, APPLE'S SYSTEM V AppleTalk, ImageWriter, IMPLEMENTATION A/UX LaserWriter, Macintosh, RELEASE 1.0 RUNNING ON A MacTerminal, and ProDOS are MACINTOSH II COMPUTER registered trademarks of Apple HAS BEEN TESTED BY THE Computer, Inc. AT&T-IS' SYSTEM V VERIFICATION SUITE AND Apple Desktop Bus, A!UX, CONFORMS TO ISSUE 2 OF EtherTalk, and Finder are AT&T-IS' SYSTEM V trademarks of Apple Computer, INTERFACE DEFINITION Inc. BASE PLUS KERNEL Ethernet is a registered EXTENSIONS. trademark of Xerox Corporation. IBM is a registered trademark, and PC-DOS is a trademark, of International Business Machines, Inc. - ITC Avant Garde Gothic, ITC Garamond, and ITC Zapf Dingbats are registered trademarks of International Typeface Corporation. Microsoft and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. NFS is a registered trademark, and Sun Microsystems is a trademark, of Sun Microsystems, Inc. NuBus is a trademark of Texas Instruments. POSTSCRIPT is a registered trademark, and TRANSCRIPT is a trademark, of Adobe Systems Incorporated. UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T Information Systems. Introduction to A/UX Release Notes, Version 1.0 These release notes contain late-breaking information about release 1.0 of the A!UXI'M software for the Apple® Macintosh® II computer. This package contains two kinds of materials: o Specific information that was not available in time to be incorporated into the printed manuals. -
Deploying UEFI‐Aware Operating Systems on Dell™ Poweredge™
Deploying UEFI‐Aware Operating Systems on Dell™ PowerEdge™ Servers By Anand Joshi, Bill Munger, Mark Shutt, Thomas Cantwell, and John Sieber THIS WHITE PAPER IS FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY, AND MAY CONTAIN TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS AND TECHNICAL INACCURACIES. THE CONTENT IS PROVIDED AS IS, WITHOUT EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND. © 2009 Dell Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction of this material in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of Dell Inc. is strictly forbidden. For more information, contact Dell. Dell, the DELL logo, and the DELL badge, and PowerEdge are trademarks of Dell Inc. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Server, and Active Directory are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.; SUSE is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc., in the United States and other countries. Page ii Table of Contents History ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2 What is UEFI? ................................................................................................................................................................. 2 What UEFI has to Offer .................................................................................................................................................. 3 How is Dell’s UEFI implemented? .................................................................................................................................