Aspectos, Consideraciones Y Orientaciones Sobre La Enseñanza Del Español De Los Negocios En Corea

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Aspectos, Consideraciones Y Orientaciones Sobre La Enseñanza Del Español De Los Negocios En Corea Aspectos, consideraciones y orientaciones sobre la enseñanza del Español de los Negocios en Corea José Antonio Arrayás Márquez Memoria Final de Máster Dirigida por la Dra. Dª. Ana María Medina Reguera Máster Oficial en Enseñanza de Español como Lengua Extranjera Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 20 de octubre de 2010 A Ina 2 AGRADECIMIENTOS: A mi familia, por su apoyo incondicional. A Julio Martínez, un amigo que siempre me prestó su ayuda sincera. A dos buenos amigos y colegas: los profesores Suki Park y Song-ju Na. A la Universidad Femenina de Seúl por darme la oportunidad de seguir progresando en mi labor como docente. A Hanna Yi y Kate Seo por su gentileza y sus atenciones para conmigo. Y, por supuesto, a mi tutora por sus consejos, ánimos y paciencia. 3 «La libertad nos permite escoger, pero no nos dice qué elección es la mejor». 4 ÍNDICE INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................. 12 1. JUSTIFICACIÓN DEL TEMA DE INVESTIGACIÓN .......................................... 12 OBJETIVOS .................................................................................... 13 METODOLOGÍA............................................................................... 13 DESARROLLO Y ANÁLISIS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN ......................... 15 SECCIÓN I: LA SITUACIÓN DEL ESPAÑOL EN LA RÉPUBLICA DE COREA ........................................................................................... 15 1. GREGORIO DE CÉSPEDES: EL PRIMER EUROPEO EN TIERRAS COREANAS ............ 15 2. LOS PRIMEROS PASOS DE LA ENSEÑANZA DEL ESPAÑOL EN COREA .................. 16 3. LOS CONDICIONANTES DEL APRENDIZAJE DE LENGUAS EXTRANJERAS EN COREA .. 17 4. LA REALIDAD ACTUAL DE LA ENSEÑANZA DEL ESPAÑOL EN COREA ................... 19 4.1. El sistema educativo coreano .................................................. 19 4.2. El español en la educación media y educación secundaria coreanas ................................................................................................. 20 4.3. El español en el sistema universitario coreano ........................... 21 4.4. Las academias militares .......................................................... 25 4.5. Asociaciones de hispanistas .................................................... 25 4.5.1. Asociación Coreana de Hispanistas ..................................... 25 4.5.2. Asociación Coreana de Estudios Latinoamericanos ................ 26 4.6. El Diploma de Español como Lengua Extranjera en Corea ........... 26 4.7. Traducciones ......................................................................... 26 4.8. Otras aproximaciones al español.............................................. 30 5. CARENCIAS Y DEBILIDADES DE LA ENSEÑANZA DEL ESPAÑOL EN COREA ........... 31 SECCIÓN II: ASPECTOS HISTÓRICO-CULTURALES IDIOSINCRÁSICOS DE LA SOCIEDAD COREANA ............................. 34 1. INTRODUCCIÓN .............................................................................. 34 2. EVOLUCIÓN HISTÓRICA ..................................................................... 34 2.1. Los primeros reinos ............................................................... 34 2.2. La época Choson ................................................................... 35 2.3. Colonización japonesa ............................................................ 36 2.4. División y guerra civil ............................................................. 36 2.5. Corea del Sur: de la posguerra a la actualidad........................... 38 3. POBLACIÓN ................................................................................... 38 4. LENGUA Y LITERATURA COREANAS ........................................................ 39 4.1. La lengua coreana y su relevancia internacional ........................ 39 4.2. Literatura ............................................................................. 40 4.3. La imprenta .......................................................................... 40 5. CARACTERES PROPIOS Y DISTINTIVOS DE LA FAMILIA COREANA ..................... 41 5.1. Los nombres coreanos ............................................................ 41 5 5.2. El computo coreano para la edad ............................................. 42 5.3. La familia ............................................................................. 42 5.4. El libro de familia coreano ....................................................... 43 6. RELIGIÓN ..................................................................................... 43 6.1. Chamanismo ......................................................................... 44 6.2. Budismo ............................................................................... 44 6.3. Confucianismo ....................................................................... 44 6.4. Cristianismo .......................................................................... 45 7. VIDA COTIDIANA ............................................................................ 45 7.1. Saludos ................................................................................ 45 7.2. Gestualidad........................................................................... 46 7.3. La vivienda. .......................................................................... 46 7.4. Gastronomía y normas de comportamiento en la mesa ............... 47 7.4.1. Gastronomía coreana........................................................ 47 7.4.2. Cortesía en la mesa .......................................................... 47 7.4.3. Etiqueta a la hora de beber ............................................... 48 7.4.4. Bebidas alcohólicas .......................................................... 48 7.4.5. La ceremonia del Té ......................................................... 49 7.5. Orientarse en la vía pública ..................................................... 49 7.6. La tarjeta de visita ................................................................. 49 7.7. Supersticiones ....................................................................... 50 7.8. Vida nocturna ........................................................................ 50 8. FIESTAS Y FESTIVIDADES .................................................................. 51 8.1. Fiestas nacionales coreanas .................................................... 51 SECCIÓN III: DIDÁCTICA DEL ESPAÑOL DE LOS NEGOCIOS .......... 52 BLOQUE I. LA CULTURA EN EL AULA DE ESPAÑOL L2/LE ....................... 52 1. Análisis del término cultura. La cultura vista por la Antropología, la Sociología, la Psicología, la Lingüística y la Pragmática ...................... 52 2. Procedimiento de análisis de una cultura por medio de culturemas . 54 3. Noción de cultura y sus particularidades ...................................... 57 4. Cómo se manifiesta la cultura .................................................... 57 5. La necesidad de enseñar cultura en el aula de español L2/LE ......... 58 5.1. El nexo entre lengua y cultura .............................................. 58 5.2. Competencia comunicativa y competencia sociocultural ........... 59 5.3. Los contenidos socioculturales .............................................. 60 5.4. Competencia intercultural y comunicación intercultural ............ 61 6. Qué cultura enseñar a nuestros alumnos ..................................... 64 6.1. Gran Cultura, pequeña cultura, subcultura. ............................ 64 BLOQUE II. EL ESPAÑOL LENGUA DE ESPECIALIDAD ............................ 66 1. Interés por la enseñanza del español lengua de especialidad.......... 66 2. Rasgos lingüísticos más destacados de las lenguas de especialidad . 67 2.1. Los vocabularios especializados ............................................ 67 6 2.1.1. Definición ..................................................................... 67 2.1.2. Procesos neológicos ....................................................... 68 2.1.3. Procedimientos de creación morfológica ........................... 70 2.1.3.1. Prefijación ............................................................... 70 2.1.3.2. Sufijación ............................................................... 72 2.1.3.3. Parasíntesis ............................................................ 72 2.1.3.4. Términos compuestos ............................................... 73 2.1.3.4.1. Unidades sintagmáticas....................................... 74 2.1.3.5. Haplología............................................................... 76 2.1.3.6. Siglas y acrónimos ................................................... 76 2.1.3.7. Acuñaciones metafóricas........................................... 77 2.2. Los textos especializados ..................................................... 77 2.2.1. Clasificación de los textos especializados .......................... 78 2.2.2. Características y clases de textos especializados ............... 79 2.2.3. Los documentos especializados ....................................... 80 3. La didáctica de las lenguas de especialidad .................................. 81 3.1. Ámbitos de especialidad con propósitos didácticos .................. 81 3.1.1. La enseñanza de español con fines profesionales ............... 81 3.1.1.1. El español de los negocios; el español del turismo; el español jurídico; el español de las ciencias de la salud. ............. 81 3.1.2. El español en ámbitos académicos e institucionales ........... 82 3.1.3. Demanda de español con fines profesionales atendiendo al contenido .............................................................................
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