I I
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Pipewire: a Low-Level Multimedia Subsystem
Proceedings of the 18th Linux Audio Conference (LAC-20), SCRIME, Université de Bordeaux, France, November 25–27, 2020 PIPEWIRE: A LOW-LEVEL MULTIMEDIA SUBSYSTEM Wim Taymans ∗ Principal Software Engineer Red Hat, Spain [email protected] ABSTRACT 2. LINUX AUDIO LANDSCAPE PipeWire is a low-level multimedia library and daemon that facili- Audio support on Linux first appeared with the Open Sound System tates negotiation and low-latency transport of multimedia content be- (OSS) [6] and was until the 2.4 kernel the only audio API available tween applications, filters and devices. It is built using modern Linux on Linux. It was based around the standard Unix open/close/read- infrastructure and has both performance and security as its core de- /write/ioctl system calls. sign guidelines. The goal is to provide services such as JACK and OSS was replaced by the Advanced Linux Sound Architecture PulseAudio on top of this common infrastructure. PipeWire is media (ALSA) [7]from Linux 2.5. ALSA improved on the OSS API and agnostic and supports arbitrary compressed and uncompressed for- included a user space library that abstracted many of the hardware mats. A common audio infrastructure with backwards compatibility details. The ALSA user-space library also includes a plugin infras- that can support Pro Audio and Desktop Audio use cases can poten- tructure that can be used to create new custom devices and plugins. tially unify the currently fractured audio landscape on Linux desk- Unfortunately, the plugin system is quite static and requires editing tops and workstations and give users and developers a much better of configuration files. -
Free, Functional, and Secure
Free, Functional, and Secure Dante Catalfamo What is OpenBSD? Not Linux? ● Unix-like ● Similar layout ● Similar tools ● POSIX ● NOT the same History ● Originated at AT&T, who were unable to compete in the industry (1970s) ● Given to Universities for educational purposes ● Universities improved the code under the BSD license The License The license: ● Retain the copyright notice ● No warranty ● Don’t use the author's name to promote the product History Cont’d ● After 15 years, the partnership ended ● Almost the entire OS had been rewritten ● The university released the (now mostly BSD licensed) code for free History Cont’d ● AT&T launching Unix System Labories (USL) ● Sued UC Berkeley ● Berkeley fought back, claiming the code didn’t belong to AT&T ● 2 year lawsuit ● AT&T lost, and was found guilty of violating the BSD license History Cont’d ● BSD4.4-Lite released ● The only operating system ever released incomplete ● This became the base of FreeBSD and NetBSD, and eventually OpenBSD and MacOS History Cont’d ● Theo DeRaadt ○ Originally a NetBSD developer ○ Forked NetBSD into OpenBSD after disagreement the direction of the project *fork* Innovations W^X ● Pioneered by the OpenBSD project in 3.3 in 2002, strictly enforced in 6.0 ● Memory can either be write or execute, but but both (XOR) ● Similar to PaX Linux kernel extension (developed later) AnonCVS ● First project with a public source tree featuring version control (1995) ● Now an extremely popular model of software development anonymous anonymous anonymous anonymous anonymous IPSec ● First free operating system to implement an IPSec VPN stack Privilege Separation ● First implemented in 3.2 ● Split a program into processes performing different sub-functions ● Now used in almost all privileged programs in OpenBSD like httpd, bgpd, dhcpd, syslog, sndio, etc. -
Roaraudio Manual
RoarAudio Manual Philipp ”ph3-der-loewe” Schafft et al. August 13, 2010 Contents Contens 6 I Introduction 7 1 What is RoarAudio? 8 1.1 What is a Sound Server? ....................... 8 1.2 What are the key fatures of RoarAudio? .............. 8 2 Basic concept 10 II Quickstart 11 3 Installation 12 3.1 archlinux ............................... 12 3.2 OpenBSD ............................... 13 3.3 Debian ................................. 13 3.4 From Sources ............................. 14 4 Configuring 15 4.1 archlinux ............................... 15 4.2 OpenBSD ............................... 15 4.3 Debian ................................. 15 4.3.1 Options ............................ 15 5 Setting up a player 17 5.1 XMMS ................................. 17 5.2 libao based .............................. 17 5.3 Other ................................. 17 III User Manual 18 6 RoarAudio’s Architecture 19 6.1 Subsystems .............................. 19 6.2 Clients ................................. 19 6.3 Streams ................................ 19 6.3.1 Stream Types ......................... 20 6.3.2 Stream Flags ......................... 22 1 CONTENTS 2 6.4 Driver ................................. 24 6.5 Sources ................................ 24 6.6 Codecfilter ............................... 24 6.7 Bridges ................................ 24 7 Playing music on command lion with RoarAudio 25 7.1 roarcatplay .............................. 25 7.2 roarvorbis ............................... 25 7.3 roarradio .............................. -
Zettabyte File System
ZFS Zettabyte File System Powered by: www.netbsd.ir www.usenix.ir ZFS Futures – Zpool – Snapshot – Zil – Compression – Deduplication – Copy-On-Write – L2ARC – Adaptive Replacement Cache (ARC) – Transaction Group (TXG) – vdev Types – Dataset – Clone – Checksum – Dataset Quota – RAID-Z ZFS Limits Max. volume size : 256 zebibytes (2^78 bytes) Max. file size : 16 exbibytes (2^64 bytes) Max. number of files : Per directory: 2^48 Per file system : unlimited ZFS Zpool ZFS Zil ZFS Compression ● LZ4 ● LZJB ● GZIP ● ZLE ZFS Copy-On-Write ZFS Deduplication ZFS ARC/L2ARC ZFS Dataset ZFS Clone ZFS RAID ZFS Checksum ZFS FreeNAS/NAS4Free Powered by : www.netbsd.ir www.usenix.ir OpenBSD Theo de Raadt October 1995 OpenBSD Pay attention to security problems and fix them before anyone else does (Try to be the #1 most secure operating system.) Provide the best development platform possible Integrate good code from any source with acceptable licenses Greater integration of cryptographic software. Track and implement standards (ANSI, POSIX, parts of X/Open, etc.) Work towards a very machine independent source tree Be as politics-free as possible; solutions should be decided on the basis of technical merit. Focus on being developer-oriented in all senses, including holding developer-only events called hackathons Do not let serious problems sit unsolved. Make a CDROM-based release approximately every six months. OpenBSD "Secure by Default" To ensure that novice users of OpenBSD do not need to become security experts overnight (a viewpoint which other vendors seem to have), we ship the operating system in a Secure by Default mode. All non-essential services are disabled. -
Making Sense of the Audio Stack on Unix
Making Sense of The Audio Stack On Unix Patrick Louis 2021-02-07 Published online on venam.nixers.net © Patrick Louis 2021 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of the rightful author. First published eBook format 2021 The author has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Contents Introduction 4 Hardware layer 6 Analog to Digital & Digital to Analog (ADC & DAC) 7 Libraries 10 Audio Driver 11 Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) 15 Open Sound System (OSS) and SADA 22 Sound Servers 25 sndio 26 aRts (analog Real time synthesizer) and ESD or ESounD (Enlight- ened Sound Daemon) 28 PulseAudio 29 PulseAudio — What Is It? ........................ 29 Pulseaudio — Overall Design ....................... 30 Pulseaudio — Sink, Sink Input, Source, and Source Input ....... 32 Pulseaudio — Internal Concepts: Cards, Card Profile, Device Port, Device ................................. 34 Pulseaudio — Everything Is A Module Thinking ............ 35 Pulseaudio — Startup Process And Configuration ........... 36 Pulseaudio — Interesting Modules And Features ............ 38 Pulseaudio — Tools ............................ 40 Pulseaudio — Suspending ......................... 41 JACK 42 PipeWire 45 Conclusion 53 Bibliography 55 3 Introduction Come see my magical gramophone Audio on Unix is a little zoo, there are so many acronyms for projects and APIs that it’s easy to get lost. Let’s tackle that issue! Most articles are confusing because they either use audio technical jargon, or because they barely scratch the surface and leave people clueless. -
View Entire Issue As
nE`\,| QIJEERS MAKE MOVIES Nlilwaukee's 5tli Annual Gayfl.esllian Film Festival \ A[ds Oamperls Baok! Nleet the subGurlz! Drag Performer Mandi Mccall Murdered in Milwaukee SeeIIeus..................................................pago4 Openly Gay Candidates Run in Milwaukee, Dane County See Neus ............ : ...... „ ..... „ ....... „ ............. page 5 225 South 2nd Street Mllweukeo, Wl 53204 ls Clinlon the Worst President Ever? Phone: (414) 278-7840 Seeviewpo.int...........................................page18 Fax: (41 4) 278€868 e-mall: lnstoppub ®8ol.com CAMPER'S BACK! And ln Step's Got Her! ISSN * 1045.2436 SeesubGurlz.............................................page25 PUBLISHEFt Great Music, Theater, Art to Combat C;abin Fever F]on Golman See Arts .................................................. page 21 ASSOCIATE I.UBLISHER Annabello Havlicek Milwaukee's Gayitesbian Film & Video Festival EDITOR See Feature ........... „ ................. „ .............. page 32 Jamakaya coLumNI§Ts Calling the Psychic Lesbian Friends Network... Vvonne Zlpter See Inside Out ........................................... page 41 Sholly F]oberts V Art eno Zarembka Carl Szatmary T B"y Holliday Chafrone ucritomsteln We Call 1[ Master and Servant KITk stark v MaMn Llebman \ Jamie Taytor T Mary Shaler S§±±S±rkReality.................................„....page43 cONmiBUToi]s John Cain T Dale Fleynolds Rlchard Mohr T Dennls MCMillan Owen I(echnen Calendar NATioNAL AD REPRESENTrmvE Classies Flivendell Marketing PO Box 518. Westheld, NJ 070910518 Classies -
Ffmpeg Documentation
2/9/2020 ffmpeg Documentation ffmpeg Documentation Table of Contents 1 Synopsis 2 Description 3 Detailed description 3.1 Filtering 3.1.1 Simple filtergraphs 3.1.2 Complex filtergraphs 3.2 Stream copy 4 Stream selection 4.1 Description 4.1.1 Automatic stream selection 4.1.2 Manual stream selection 4.1.3 Complex filtergraphs 4.1.4 Stream handling 4.2 Examples 5 Options 5.1 Stream specifiers 5.2 Generic options 5.3 AVOptions 5.4 Main options 5.5 Video Options 5.6 Advanced Video options 5.7 Audio Options 5.8 Advanced Audio options 5.9 Subtitle options 5.10 Advanced Subtitle options 5.11 Advanced options 5.12 Preset files 5.12.1 ffpreset files 5.12.2 avpreset files 6 Examples 6.1 Video and Audio grabbing 6.2 X11 grabbing 6.3 Video and Audio file format conversion 7 Syntax 7.1 Quoting and escaping 7.1.1 Examples 7.2 Date 7.3 Time duration 7.3.1 Examples 7.4 Video size https://www.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-all.html 1/706 2/9/2020 ffmpeg Documentation 7.5 Video rate 7.6 Ratio 7.7 Color 7.8 Channel Layout 8 Expression Evaluation 9 Codec Options 10 Decoders 11 Video Decoders 11.1 rawvideo 11.1.1 Options 11.2 libdav1d 11.2.1 Options 11.3 libdavs2 12 Audio Decoders 12.1 ac3 12.1.1 AC-3 Decoder Options 12.2 flac 12.2.1 FLAC Decoder options 12.3 ffwavesynth 12.4 libcelt 12.5 libgsm 12.6 libilbc 12.6.1 Options 12.7 libopencore-amrnb 12.8 libopencore-amrwb 12.9 libopus 13 Subtitles Decoders 13.1 libaribb24 13.1.1 libaribb24 Decoder Options 13.2 dvbsub 13.2.1 Options 13.3 dvdsub 13.3.1 Options 13.4 libzvbi-teletext 13.4.1 Options 14 Encoders 15 Audio Encoders 15.1 -
Redistributions in Binary Form Must Reproduce the Above Copyright
Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. Neither my name, Paul Hsieh, nor the names of any other contributors to the code use may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. License: CC0-1.0 Statatement of Purpose The laws of most jurisdictions throughout the world automatically confer exclusive Copyright and Related Rights (defined below) upon the creator and subsequent owner(s) (each and all, an "owner") of an original work of authorship and/or a database (each, a "Work"). Certain owners wish to permanently relinquish those rights to a Work for the purpose of contributing to a commons of creative, cultural and scientific works ("Commons") that the public can reliably and without fear of later claims of infringement build upon, modify, incorporate in other works, reuse and redistribute as freely as possible in any form whatsoever and for any purposes, including without limitation commercial purposes. -
Openbsd As a Full-Featured NAS
OpenBSD as a full-featured NAS OpenBSD is not only for Network related projects Fosdem 2019 Email: [email protected] Blog: https://www.vincentdelft.be My company: https://easytransitions-ict.be Topics for today ● What are the goals of this project ● How I’ve implemented it ● What were/are the problems ● Lesson’s learned ● The scripts developed are shared ● Conclusions Goals ● The goals are : – An encrypted NAS – At least 2 disks (1 for long term backup and for security) – Have a “time-machine like” system (for short term backup) – Provide files via NFS, Samba and sshfs – Every user has his own R/W folder and several other R/O folders – Delivering mp3, ogg, Flac to my hifi system + remote control it via smartphone – Deliver multi media (video, photos) to TV (~VOD) – Run on cheap HW – Easy to maintain Design TV dlna NAS FLAC JPEG/RAW MKV/AVI Working files DAC / Hifi Speakers: photo by Goh Rhy Yan on Unsplash NAS ● 3 main folders: – /mnt/sd1/share : photos, video, music. (RO) – /mnt/sd1/pfiles: personal files ● Each user has his own RW folder (not visible by others) ● Some “global folders” are RW for all users – /mnt/sd1/machines: all machine’s backups (not visible by std users) Hardware (old) ● Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU D2500 @ 1.86GHz – Fan less – OpenBSD compatible – 4 GB Ram – 2 SATA ports – Disks 1TB Hardware ● After few years of good services, a new board with a better CPU – ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC. H110T – Fan – OpenBSD compatible – CPU 3.3 GHZ – 4GB Ram – 2 SATA ports – Same disks Lesson’s learned HW ● Read man pages -
Foire Aux Questions Openbsd
Foire Aux Questions OpenBSD Langue : fr [équipes] cs fr en nl pl Documentation et Questions Autres Documents Fréquemment Posées Guide de Mise à Niveau Suivre -current Problèmes Fréquemment Rencontrés Mises à jour récentes Suivre -stable Guide de Tests des Ports Comment Utiliser AnonCVS Cette FAQ constitue une documentation visant à agrémenter les pages Comment Utiliser CVSup de manuel, ces dernières étant disponibles aussi bien sur le système installé qu'en ligne. La FAQ couvre la version la plus récente Pages de manuel d'OpenBSD, actuellement la v4.9. Il y aura vraisemblablement des Faire un Rapport de Bogues nouvelles fonctionnalités ou modifications apportées aux Listes de diffusion fonctionnalités existantes au niveau de la version de développement (- Guide de l'Utilisateur PF current) qui ne seront pas couvertes par la présente FAQ. FAQ OpenSSH La FAQ aux formats PDF et texte simple est disponible avec d'autres Fichiers PDF documents (en anglais) dans le répertoire pub/OpenBSD/doc des FAQ OpenBSD nombreux miroirs FTP. Guide de l'Utilisateur PF Fichiers texte FAQ OpenBSD FAQ PF 1 - Introduction à OpenBSD Retour à OpenBSD ● 1.1 - Qu'est-ce que OpenBSD? ● 1.2 - Sur quels systèmes OpenBSD fonctionne-t-il ? ● 1.3 - Pourquoi utiliserais-je OpenBSD ? ● 1.4 - OpenBSD est-il réellement libre ? ● 1.5 - Comment puis-je aider OpenBSD ? ● 1.6 - Qui maintient OpenBSD ? ● 1.7 - Pour quand la prochaine version d'OpenBSD est-elle prévue ? ● 1.8 - Quels logiciels sont inclus avec OpenBSD ? ● 1.9 - Quoi de neuf dans OpenBSD 4.9 ? ● 1.10 - Puis-je utiliser -
Comprehensive and Biaised Comparison of Openbsd and Freebsd
Comprehensive and biaised comparison of OpenBSD and FreeBSD Antoine Jacoutot Baptiste Daroussin ajacoutot@ OpenBSD. org bapt@ FreeBSD. org The OpenBSD project The FreeBSD project Abstract AJACOUTOT: Right, so while discussing the re- productive appendix of these horses to know This paper will look at some of the differences between 1 2 which came first... the FreeBSD and OpenBSD operating systems. It is OK who am I kidding here. It was something not intended to be solely technical but will also show like midnight and... the different ”visions” and design decisions that rule BAPT: Actually I think it was more like 2am. the way things are implemented. It is expected to be a AJACOUTOT: Anyway, we were having our 10th subjective view from two BSD developers and does not pint of Heineken in a Pub somewhere... pretend to represent these projects in any way. BAPT: Duvel, it was Duvel. Be careful what you say here, its a beer land! We don’t want it to be a troll talk but rather a casual AJACOUTOT: Right right. So I started complaining and friendly exchange while nicely making fun of that the Duvel didnt taste anything, of course it each other like we would do over a drink. Of course, was our 10th pint so... we shall try and hit where it hurts when that makes BAPT: No no no, I told you cant say things like this. sense. Obviously, we both have our personal subjective Or OK, maybe the last one was Heineken after preferences and we will explain why. Showing some of all. -
Openbsd Audio & MIDI Framework for Music and Desktop Applications
OpenBSD audio & MIDI framework for music and desktop applications Alexandre Ratchov [email protected] AsiaBSDCon 2010 — Tokyo, Japan Abstract to overcome linux audio subsystem limitations before ALSA became available; now they are replaced by pulse which has sndio is an enhancement of OpenBSD audio and MIDI sub- yet more features than ALSA plug-ins [7, 8]. systems. It features an audio and MIDI server and pro- Above kernel or user-space frameworks suppose that au- vides a new library-based API. The framework is designed dio applications are independent, i.e., that synchronization with certain constraints of music applications in mind: strict or data exchange between applications are not handled by latency control and precise synchronization between audio the audio subsystem. Such frameworks are usable for mu- streams. It supports resampling and format conversions on sic production (or other more complex audio tasks) as long the fly, sharing devices between multiple applications, split- as all audio-related processing is done inside a single mono- ting a device in multiple subdevices and synchronization lithic program. The jack [9] framework overcomes this limi- with non-audio applications. tation: it allows programs to cooperate: they can pass data Simplicity of the architecture, the design and the imple- synchronously to each other; furthermore, jack provides a mentation are of first importance, attempting to obtain a synchronization mechanism for non-audio applications. On lightweight, fast and reliable tool. the other hand, jack supports only one sample format and runs at fixed sample rate, which is acceptable for music ap- plications. In theory jack could be used for desktop also, 1 Introduction but other frameworks have been privileged by Linux desktop Desktop and music audio applications require the operating distributions.