DOCSLIB.ORG

NCHRP 25-27 Final Report 2007

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
NCHRP 25-27 Final Report 2007 Project No. NCHRP 25-27 FY04 Evaluation of the Use and Effectiveness Of Wildlife Crossings NCHRP 25-27 FINAL REPORT Prepared for: National Cooperative Highway Research Program Transportation Research Board of The National Academies John A. Bissonette Ph.D., C.W.B U.S. Geological Survey Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Department of Wildland Resources College of Natural Resources Logan, Utah 84322-5290 1 September 2007 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF SPONSORSHIP This work was sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration, and was conducted in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program, which is administered by the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies. i Project No. NCHRP 25-27 FY04 Evaluation of the Use and Effectiveness Of Wildlife Crossings NCHRP 25-27 FINAL REPORT Prepared for: National Cooperative Highway Research Program Transportation Research Board National Research Council John A. Bissonette Ph.D., C.W.B USGS Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Department of Wildland Resources College of Natural Resources Logan, Utah 84322-5290 1 September 2007 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................... iii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ v LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... ix Authors and Affiliations ................................................................................................ ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 Phase 1 Results ............................................................................................................... 3 Phase 2 Research Studies ................................................................................................ 4 Interpretation of Research Results .................................................................................. 9 STRUCTURE OF FINAL REPORT ................................................................................ 13 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH APPROACH ............................... 15 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 15 Research Objectives ...................................................................................................... 19 CHAPTER 2: PHASE I SUMMARY............................................................................... 22 Literature Search and Database (2.1) ............................................................................ 22 The State of the Practice and Science of Wildlife Crossings in North America (2.2) .. 22 Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 22 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 23 Research Approach: Methods and Data .................................................................... 23 Findings and Results ................................................................................................. 24 Interpretation, Appraisal, and Applications .............................................................. 26 Conclusions and Suggested Research ....................................................................... 30 Priorities in Research and Practice (2.3) ....................................................................... 32 Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 32 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 34 Research Approach: Methods and Data .................................................................... 34 Findings and Results ................................................................................................. 36 Interpretation, Appraisal, and Applications .............................................................. 44 Conclusions and Suggested Research ....................................................................... 45 CHAPTER 3: PHASE II SEGMENTS ............................................................................. 47 Safety Data Analysis Aspects (3.1) .............................................................................. 47 Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 47 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 48 Research Approach: Methods and Data .................................................................... 50 Findings and Results ................................................................................................. 54 Interpretation, Appraisal, and Applications .............................................................. 69 Conclusions and Suggested Research ....................................................................... 80 Limiting Effects of Road-Kill Reporting Data Due to Spatial Inaccuracy (3.2) .......... 84 Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 84 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 85 Research Approach: Methods and Data .................................................................... 87 Findings and Results ................................................................................................. 92 Interpretation, Appraisal, and Applications .............................................................. 95 iii Hotspots Modeling (3.3) ............................................................................................. 102 Abstract ................................................................................................................... 102 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 102 Research Approach: Methods and Data .................................................................. 103 Findings and Results ............................................................................................... 105 Interpretation, Appraisal, and Applications ............................................................ 119 Conclusions ............................................................................................................. 121 Influence of Roads on Small Mammals (3.4) ............................................................. 123 Abstract ................................................................................................................... 123 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 124 Research Approach: Methods and Data .................................................................. 126 Findings and Results ............................................................................................... 131 Interpretation, Appraisal, and Applications ............................................................ 142 Conclusions ............................................................................................................. 142 Restoring Habitat Networks With Allometrically-Scaled Wildlife Crossings (3.5) ... 144 Abstract ................................................................................................................... 144 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 144 Research Approach: Methods and Data .................................................................. 145 Findings and Results ............................................................................................... 151 Interpretations, Appraisals, and Applications ......................................................... 155 Conclusions ............................................................................................................. 157 CHAPTER 4: DECISION GUIDE ................................................................................. 159 LITERATURE CITED ................................................................................................... 171 APPENDICES ................................................................................................................ 192 Appendix A: Priority Tables and Plan of Action ............................................................ 193 Appendix B: Application of SPFS in Other States or Time Periods .............................. 217 Appendix C: Theoretical Background of Network Screening for Proportion Method ... 222 Appendix D: Illustrating Regression to the Mean .........................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Grants Page 1
    Grants Page 1 1004822 Alberta Ltd 5,000 Agriculture and Rural Development 5,000 1023576 Alberta Ltd in Trust The Enoch Cree Nation 11,097,780 Aboriginal Relations 11,097,780 1030036 Alberta Ltd 27,873 Municipal Affairs 27,873 1061067 Alberta Ltd 6,741 Culture 6,741 1066055 Alberta Ltd 71,722 Agriculture and Rural Development 71,722 1076446 Alberta Ltd 7,324 Human Services 7,324 1088851 Alberta Ltd 5,000 Agriculture and Rural Development 5,000 1111510 Alberta Ltd 77,625 Agriculture and Rural Development 77,625 1111712 Alberta Ltd 6,484 Municipal Affairs 6,484 1119198 Alberta Ltd 7,626 Human Services 7,626 1124457 Alberta Ltd 9,803 Human Services 9,803 1133491 Alberta Ltd 63,475 Human Services 63,475 1184902 Alberta Inc 44,077 Culture 44,077 Grants Page 2 1200393 Alberta Ltd 30,000 Agriculture and Rural Development 30,000 1209741 Alberta Inc 32,720 Culture 32,720 1211206 Alberta Ltd 29,515 Culture 29,515 1213757 Alberta Ltd 21,420 Agriculture and Rural Development 21,420 1222720 Alberta Ltd 140,000 Municipal Affairs 140,000 1226330 Alberta Ltd 54,000 Culture 54,000 1233249 Alberta Ltd 80,441 Agriculture and Rural Development 80,441 1234285 Alberta Ltd 107,134 Aboriginal Relations 107,134 1242311 Alberta Ltd 2,028,096 Municipal Affairs 2,028,096 1264495 Alberta Ltd 9,561 Human Services 9,561 1301187 Alberta Ltd 5,000 Agriculture and Rural Development 5,000 1365170 Alberta Ltd 6,347 Municipal Affairs 6,347 1370767 Alberta Ltd 303,911 Municipal Affairs 303,911 Grants Page 3 1388427 Alberta Ltd 13,401 Agriculture and Rural Development 13,401
    [Show full text]
  • Bow & Kananaskis Valleys Trail
    Old Fort Creek 1300 Stone Creek To Cochrane 1650 To Calgary BOW CORRIDOR & To Banff Bow Valley 0 40 20 3 Yamnuska 0 4 2 0 Tibits 3 N Ridge 6 Quarry 0 KANANASKIS VALLEY 0 0 3 NW NE Montane 1 Wildland 8 0 0 8 1A 2 Traverse 2000 W E Bow 1 0 Ridge 0 6 0 2 Yamnuska River Mount Traverse SW SE Harvie 1 Mount John Laurie 2 0 0 4 Stoneworks 2 Lady MacDonald Provincial 1 (aka Yamnuska) 4 Mount Heights Creek 0 2 0 2 S 1 6 0 0 2,606 m 0 2 1 8 0 Rundle 1 2,240 m Meander ROAD CLOSURES: 2,949 m ParkEExxplpl rree Montane HIGHWAY #40: Traverse Mount Lady Cougar Bow Valley st Bow Valley 1 MacDonald Creek Closed December 1 to Wildland th Wildlife Corridor Wildland June 14 inclusive from Johnny’s Management Area Stoney Provincial 1500 Nakoda Kananaskis Lakes Trail to 1X Resort & Chiniki Canmore Lake Park Cougar Provincial Brewster’s Casino the Highwood House Junction. Goat Kananaskis Nordic Creek Jura Slabs Guest Douglas Montane Creek Ranch 40 Centre Policeman’s Fir Traverse Loder Park 1A 1 Creek Bench Door Jamb Peak P POWDERFACE TRAIL/ROAD: Banff Provincial Mountain 2,088 m Flowing 1,996m Open May 1- Water Closed December 1st to May 14th, P Bow October Long Park Nanny Goat Weekend National Butress Valley Canmore Bow River Montane inclusive south of Dawson. Kananaskis Nordic Centre Grotto Exshaw Mountain Grotto Creek Park Day Lodge Horseshoe 2500 Mountain Willow Stoney Nation Canmore Loop 2,706 m Kid Goat Bow Rock No 142, 143, 144 Butress WhiteshMoraine Valley Reclaimer 1500 Bike ALBERTA East End Grassi Middle Path 2000 Lake Grassi Lakes 2200 Middle (Paved)
    [Show full text]
  • Vegetation Management in Banff National Park: a Survey of Local Residents
    Vegetation Management in Banff National Park: A Survey of Local Residents Bonita L. McFarlane David O.T. W atson And Tara %. McGee2 Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service 5320 , 22 Street Edmonton AB T./ 3S5 2Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences 22. Earth Sciences Bldg. 3niversity of Alberta Edmonton AB T.G 2G8 Prepared for Banff National Park of Canada August 2008 Introduction Vegetation management activities are undertaken in Banff National Park to restore ecological integrity, when serious negative effects will occur to neighbouring lands outside the park, when facilities, public health or safety are threatened, or when other park management ob8ectives cannot be achieved. Both forest thinning and prescribed fire are used to manage vegetation. To be successful, vegetation management must have a broad base of public support. In particular it re:uires understanding and collaboration among local citizens and other 8urisdictions such as municipalities and provincial natural resource management agencies. This re:uires both the acceptance of Parks Canada vegetation management activities within the park and the participation of near2by communities and residents in wildfire mitigation measures (e.g., FireSmart= activities). National Park and nearby residents' perceptions of the risk from prescribed fire and wildfire, their acceptance of vegetation management strategies within national parks, and their preferences for residential wildfire mitigation measures were first studied in collaboration with the 3niversity of Alberta during 200. using personal interviews. That study was used to identify salient aspects of wildfire and vegetation management among a small sample of key residents in the area. This second component of the study examines the prevalence of these views among the broader resident population.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 Municipal Codes
    2017 Municipal Codes Updated December 22, 2017 Municipal Services Branch 17th Floor Commerce Place 10155 - 102 Street Edmonton, Alberta T5J 4L4 Phone: 780-427-2225 Fax: 780-420-1016 E-mail: [email protected] 2017 MUNICIPAL CHANGES STATUS CHANGES: 0315 - The Village of Thorsby became the Town of Thorsby (effective January 1, 2017). NAME CHANGES: 0315- The Town of Thorsby (effective January 1, 2017) from Village of Thorsby. AMALGAMATED: FORMATIONS: DISSOLVED: 0038 –The Village of Botha dissolved and became part of the County of Stettler (effective September 1, 2017). 0352 –The Village of Willingdon dissolved and became part of the County of Two Hills (effective September 1, 2017). CODE NUMBERS RESERVED: 4737 Capital Region Board 0522 Metis Settlements General Council 0524 R.M. of Brittania (Sask.) 0462 Townsite of Redwood Meadows 5284 Calgary Regional Partnership STATUS CODES: 01 Cities (18)* 15 Hamlet & Urban Services Areas (396) 09 Specialized Municipalities (5) 20 Services Commissions (71) 06 Municipal Districts (64) 25 First Nations (52) 02 Towns (108) 26 Indian Reserves (138) 03 Villages (87) 50 Local Government Associations (22) 04 Summer Villages (51) 60 Emergency Districts (12) 07 Improvement Districts (8) 98 Reserved Codes (5) 08 Special Areas (3) 11 Metis Settlements (8) * (Includes Lloydminster) December 22, 2017 Page 1 of 13 CITIES CODE CITIES CODE NO. NO. Airdrie 0003 Brooks 0043 Calgary 0046 Camrose 0048 Chestermere 0356 Cold Lake 0525 Edmonton 0098 Fort Saskatchewan 0117 Grande Prairie 0132 Lacombe 0194 Leduc 0200 Lethbridge 0203 Lloydminster* 0206 Medicine Hat 0217 Red Deer 0262 Spruce Grove 0291 St. Albert 0292 Wetaskiwin 0347 *Alberta only SPECIALIZED MUNICIPALITY CODE SPECIALIZED MUNICIPALITY CODE NO.
    [Show full text]
  • 1347258 Town of Canmore
    Notice NOTICE FOR OBJECTIONS APPLICATION NO. 1347258 TOWN OF CANMORE Take Notice that the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board (the EUB) may continue to process these applications without further notice if no bona fide objections are received on or before July 16, 2004 . Nature of the Application An application has been filed with the EUB by the Town of Canmore (the Town) for approval to enter into a 20-year water supply agreement (the Agreement) with the Municipal District of Big Horn (the MD). The Agreement will provide the commercial area of the Hamlet of Harvie Heights with access to water from the Town’s distribution system after construction of a water supply system. The Agreement would also allow for a possible future supply of water to the residential area of the Hamlet of Harvie Heights. Additional Information To obtain additional information or a copy of the applications, contact: Town of Canmore 902 – 7th Avenue Canmore, Alberta T1W 3K1 Attention: Bertram Dyck, Chief Administrative Officer Telephone: (403) 678-1500 Fax: (403) 678-1534 For information about EUB procedures, contact Joyce Didier of the Utilities Branch at the number listed below. The application is available on IAR Query through the Applications link on the EUB web site at www.eub.gov.ab.ca. To File a Submission If you have a valid interest and want to make a submission, intervention or objection please state in writing your reasons for objection to the applications. Send one copy of your objection to the Town at the address above, and one electronic copy to [email protected] referencing application number 1347258.
    [Show full text]
  • AREA Housing Statistics by Economic Region AREA Housing Statistics by Economic Region
    AREA Housing Statistics by Economic Region AREA Housing Statistics by Economic Region AREA Chief Economist https://albertare.configio.com/page/ann-marie-lurie-bioAnn-Marie Lurie analyzes Alberta’s resale housing statistics both provincially and regionally. In order to allow for better analysis of housing sales data, we have aligned our reporting regions to the census divisions used by Statistics Canada. Economic Region AB-NW: Athabasca – Grande Prairie – Peace River 17 16 Economic Region AB-NE: Wood Buffalo – Cold Lake Economic Region AB-W: 19 Banff – Jasper – Rocky Mountain House 18 12 Economic Region AB-Edmonton 13 14 Economic Region AB-Red Deer 11 10 Economic Region AB-E: 9 8 7 Camrose – Drumheller 15 6 4 5 Economic Region AB-Calgary Economic Region AB-S: 2 1 3 Lethbridge – Medicine Hat New reports are released on the sixth of each month, except on weekends or holidays when it is released on the following business day. AREA Housing Statistics by Economic Region 1 Alberta Economic Region North West Grande Prairie – Athabasca – Peace River Division 17 Municipal District Towns Hamlets, villages, Other Big Lakes County - 0506 High Prairie - 0147 Enilda (0694), Faust (0702), Grouard Swan Hills - 0309 (0719), Joussard (0742), Kinuso (0189), Rural Big Lakes County (9506) Clear Hills – 0504 Cleardale (0664), Worsley (0884), Hines Creek (0150), Rural Big Lakes county (9504) Lesser Slave River no 124 - Slave Lake - 0284 Canyon Creek (0898), Chisholm (0661), 0507 Flatbush (0705), Marten Beach (0780), Smith (0839), Wagner (0649), Widewater (0899), Slave Lake (0284), Rural Slave River (9507) Northern Lights County - Manning – 0212 Deadwood (0679), Dixonville (0684), 0511 North Star (0892), Notikewin (0893), Rural Northern Lights County (9511) Northern Sunrise County - Cadotte Lake (0645), Little Buffalo 0496 (0762), Marie Reine (0777), Reno (0814), St.
    [Show full text]
  • March 2017 MONTHLY STATISTICS PACKAGE CREB® Region Report Mar
    March 2017 MONTHLY STATISTICS PACKAGE CREB® Region Report Mar. 17 REGIONAL HIGHLIGHTS April 3, 2017 First quarter sales totalled 294 units in Airdrie, which is ten per cent above the same period last year and comparable to the long- term average. Much of the gain was due to a rise in the number of attached sales. Persistently lower new listings in Airdrie also helped prevent further inventory gains in the resale market. However, competition from the new home market continues to weigh on resale pricing, particularly in the attached market. The unadjusted benchmark price for detached homes averaged $381,433 in the first quarter of 2017, similar to the previous quarter, but 2.6 per cent below the same time last year. There were 114 residential sales in Okotoks through the first quarter of 2017. Improved demand in March led sales to a twelve per cent increase year-over-year in first three months of the year. Stronger sales, combined with steady reductions in inventory, have prevented steeper price adjustments. The unadjusted benchmark price for a detached home totalled $431,333 during the first quarter of 2017, which is 0.20 per cent below levels from the previous quarter and 2.9 per cent below the first quarter of last year. First quarter sales in Cochrane were the second highest on record and remain well above long term trends. Increased SHARE OF SALES March 2017 activity in the attached sector has been a key driver for this market. The attached segment now 1% Calgary 2% accounts for a 31 per cent share 5% of total residential sales activity Airdrie 5% compared to only 25 per cent in 2% 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • Human-Wildlife Conflict Update Newsletter Bow-Crow Wildlife District
    Human-Wildlife Conflict Update Newsletter Bow-Crow Wildlife District This Newsletter will provide updates on Human large urban centres like Calgary, many smaller towns Wildlife Conflict (HWC) trends in the Bow-Crow and hamlets and numerous sparsely populated District including occurrence type, mitigation, agricultural areas. Recreation, industry and predator compensation and mortality numbers. agriculture are also prevalent. This human activity coupled with the presence of large carnivores often results in interactions between the two. This can Background create public safety and property damage concerns The Bow-Crow District extends along the eastern as well as potentially impacting wildlife populations. slopes of the Rocky Mountains, from US border in the southwest, north to the Red Deer River/Hwy 27 boundary, and east to Hwy 2. The District consists Large Carnivore Mitigation of alpine, and montane environments, transitioning A number of proactive mitigation programs exist to the Foothills, before giving way to the agricultural within the District with the aim of reducing negative communities of the prairies. interactions between large carnivores, particularly grizzly bears, and people. These programs are Generally speaking, a wide diversity of wildlife exists r delivered by AEP and various community groups d Dee throughout the District, includinge both black and R RED DEER including the Waterton Biosphere Reserves R iv grizzly bears, cougars and wolves. An abundancee r Innisfail Carnivores and Communities Program, Crowsnest of prey species, including moose, deer0 8.5 and17 25.5 34elk42.5 5are1 59.5 68 Bowden Pass BearSmart, Bow Valley WildSmart and also present. The District is highly populatedTrochu with Sundre Olds Mountainview BearSmart.
    [Show full text]
  • Highway Wildlife Mitigation Opportunities for the Trans-Canada Highway in the Bow River Valley August 2012
    Highway Wildlife Mitigation Opportunities for The Trans-Canada Highway in the Bow River Valley August 2012 Prepared by: Highway Wildlife Mitigation Opportunities for the Trans-Canada Highway in the Bow River Valley Final Report August 2012 Prepared by: Tracy Lee, MSc, Miistakis Institute, University of Calgary Anthony Clevenger, PhD Western Transportation Institute, Montana State University Robert Ament, MSc, Western Transportation Institute, Montana State University Acknowledgements The authors of this report would like to thank Alberta Ecotrust Foundation for its trust responsibilities for the G8 Funds and their disbursement. In addition, we would like to thank Jon Jorgenson and Scott Jevons from Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development and Melanie Percy from Alberta Tourism Parks and Recreation for providing wildlife-vehicle collision data from 1998-2010. Cover photo credit: Rob Ament/WTI Disclaimer The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official policies of the Western Transportation Institute (WTI), Montana State University (MSU) or the Miistakis Institute, University of Calgary. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. This document should be cited as: [Lee T, Clevenger, AP and RJ Ament. 2012. Highway wildlife mitigation opportunities for the TransCanada Highway in the Bow Valley. Report to Alberta Ecotrust Foundation, Calgary, Alberta.] 1 Highway Mitigation Opportunities in the Bow Valley TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. N/A N/A N/A 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Highway Wildlife Mitigation Opportunities for the Trans- August 2012 Canada Highway in the Bow River Valley 6.
    [Show full text]
  • March 2021 Bighorn News
    MARCH 2021 BIGHORN NEWS In This Issue: MD Elections........................................2 MD Finance.........................................3 Flood Projects Update....................4 Bylaw News........................................5 MD Information................................6 Community Services.....................7 Municipal Calendar......................12 Photo Credit: ROB FULLEN FABLE MOUNTAIN MD ELECTIONS THINKING ABOUT RUNNING FOR MUNICIPAL OFFICE? The Municipal General Election will be held Monday, October 18, 2021 The Nomination period began on January 1, 2021 and runs until 12:00 p.m. (Noon) on September 20, 2021 (Nomination Day) If you are thinking about running, here are some important things you should consider before you file nomination papers. Qualifications of a Candidate A person may be nominated as a candidate in the municipal election if, on Nomination Day (September 20, 2021), the person is: ◊ 18 Years of age or older, ◊ a Canadian citizen, ◊ you must have been a resident of the local jurisdiction for the 6 consecutive months preceding nomination day. **You must also have been a resident of the ward in which you intend to run for the same six-month period.** ◊ Not otherwise ineligible or disqualified. Are you eligible to be nominated? You would not be eligible to become a candidate under any of the following circumstances: • If you are an auditor of the municipality • If you are a municipal employee, unless you take the entitled leave of absence • If your property taxes are more than $50 in arrears or you are in default, for more than 90 days, for any other debt in excess of $500 to the municipality. • If you have, within the previous 10 years, been convicted of a offense under the LocalAuthorities Election Act, the Election Act or the Canada Elections Act.
    [Show full text]
  • LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY of ALBERTA [The House Met at 2:30
    May 28, 1979 ALBERTA HANSARD 25 LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ALBERTA The Alberta Property Tax Reduction Amendment Act, 1979. Title: Monday, May 28, 1979 2:30 p.m. This Bill is designed to provide that senior citizens who live in rented accommodation may receive a re• nter's assistance grant of $500 per year as opposed to [The House met at 2:30 p.m.] the previous $250 per year. As members may recall, this measure was announced before the last election, and it seems to have been rather well received. PRAYERS The second part of the Bill, Mr. Speaker, is designed to provide for a renter's assistance grant of $400 for senior citizens who live in their own mobile homes, but [Mr. Speaker in the Chair] rent space in a mobile-home park. That grant is at the option of the senior citizens if the benefit is greater than the benefit which flows from the regular property head: INTRODUCTION OF BILLS tax reduction grant. Finally, Mr. Speaker, a change will ensure that citi• Bill 203 zens who receive the property tax reduction benefits can The Conflict of Interest Act receive those benefits on both farmland and residential property, without any restrictions to receiving the ben• MR. R. CLARK: Mr. Speaker, I beg leave to introduce efits on whichever piece of property provides the most Bill No. 203, The Conflict of Interest Act. This benefit. Bill is intended to prevent conflicts of interest among Members of the Legislative Assembly, cabinet minis• [Leave granted; Bill 7 read a first time] ters, deputy ministers, executive staff members, and heads of Crown corporations and government Bill 18 agencies.
    [Show full text]
  • 2008 Canmore Community Monitoring Report I 6
    Prepared and written by the: Biosphere Institute of the Bow Valley 201, 600 9th Street Canmore, AB T1W 2T2 www.biosphereinstitute.org Canmore Community Monitoring Program 2008 Final Report February 17, 2009 Photo Credits (on front cover, clockwise from top left): Parks Canada, Banff National Park; Jennifer Groundwater; Craig Douce, Rocky Mountain Outlook; Craig Douce, Rocky Mountain Outlook. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS..............................................................................................................................I 2008 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................. 1 PREFACE..................................................................................................................................................... 7 RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................................... 11 IDENTITY .................................................................................................................................................. 17 1. SENSE OF COMMUNITY ......................................................................................................................... 20 2. PERMANENT POPULATION: LENGTH OF RESIDENCY, MIGRATION AND GROWTH RATE ........................ 22 3. PERMANENT POPULATION: AGE STRUCTURE........................................................................................ 25 4. NON-PERMANENT POPULATION
    [Show full text]