.- THE --- ··--·-,-,. WORKER

Sub~cription1 Vol. XVIIl No. 7 February, 1952 25c Per Year Price le The Enemy Within Us · For 20 years, Harry T. Moore had worked for National .Associa­ tion for the Advancement of Col­ ored People. Last December, he was continu­ ing that wock, concentrating on the case · of the Lakeland County Ne· groes who had been accused of raping a white woman in 1949. When Harry Moore was mur­ dered by the explosion of a bomb underneath his cottage, the Lakeland case had already been simplified: -one defendant had been lynched, another killed by a sheriff (in "escaping"), and the sole sur­ vivor seriously wounded. When· Harry Moore was mur­ dered, Florida's racism was extend­ ing itself to religious hatred: Catholic Churches and Synagogues had been defaced. When Harry Moore was murder­ ed, the United States Government was announcing the ~onstruction of concentration camps jor those sub­ versive elements wblcb. a foreign · power had wor In eountey. Hali1 'M

oal M·RMM~· Die In Illinois The story of the mines in Illinois could be a story of exploitation­ how the farmers sold all the min­ eral rights at low prices, and how the operators turned their colony in~o a bonanza of coal and oil. The story of the mines in Illinois since 7:30 P.M. on December 21 has been death. At that hour, Orient Number 2, a mine of the Chic;,ago, Wilmington and Franklin Coal Company, ex­ .. ploded. When the dead had been taken from the debris, it was dis­ covered· that 119 miners had per­ ished, - the worst disaster in 23 years, second worst in the history of Illinois-but separated by only a few scant years from the Cen- . tralia holocaust which took a toll of 111 men on March 25, 1947. Who was responsible? · One week after the tragedy, Federal Investigators charged that the explosion had been caused by faulty ventilation, particularly in the way in which rock-dU.Sting was carried out. On January 8, the Illinois investigators corroborated this analysis. It was revealed that the company had turned down a Federal warn­ ing (Federal Bureau of Mines Inspectors cannot enforce their findings). Illinois State Mine Director Eadie said that the matter was contraversial - that perhaps the federal men were wrong. (Of course Eadie is a former employee of the mine operators; however it must be said for him that there was no 0 Sion, adorn thy bridal chamber, and wel· gotten before the day-star, whom Simeon, re• evidence of political deals, shalCe­ downs, etc., as at Centralia in come Chr.ist the King: embrace Mary, for she ceiving into his arms, declared unto all peoples 1947.) to be the Lord of life and death, and the Saviour UMW acting ·Safety Director who is the very gate of heaven, bringeth to Thee Ferguson had complained of the of the World. conditions in a letter to company the glorious King of ilie new light. Remaining last summer after Sl violations of (Antiphon from the Mass on the Feast of the Purification of the (Continued on page 2) ever , in her arms she bears her Son be- Blessed Virgin Mary.) · .- .. e Page Two THE CATHOLIC WORKER Fehrnary, 1952 VQI. XVIJI No. 7 February, 1952 Pius XII: Prayer for the Birth Control CATHOLIC tebwoRKER Apostolate By MICHAEL BARRINGTON 0 Lord Jesus who has called Libera,, tolerant non-Catholic velopment of personality, for the friends of mine, who see great life of the family. Confronted, then, Pa'Mlshed Monthly September to Jue, Bl-monthly laly·A•&'Ud us to the honor of making our (Member of Catholio Pres• Association) humble contributions to the value -in inany of the stands which with a society in which ownership ORGAN OF THE CATHOLIC WORKER MOVEMENT work of the hierarchical aposto.· I take because I am a Catholic, will is concentrated in the hands of a PETER MAURIN, Founder late, Thou who has aske.d of always say: but as to birth-control minority, our opposition to birth Associate E'ditors: the Heavenly Father not to re· you are a reactionary without re- control demands that we change ROBERT LUDLOW, TOM SULLIVAN, MICHAEL HARRINGTON . move us fro;,i the world but to spect for the people, you seek to this society so that every family • Managing Editor and Publisher: DOR01 H\' DAY oppress by moral coercion. will have that private property 223 Chrystie St., New York City-2 preserve us 'from evil, grant us Telephone GRamercy 5-8826 an abundance of Thy light and I say: it is precisely because I which is necessary for their de­ Thy grace that we may crush in am a Catholic and believe in the velopment in a Christian way. Subscription, UnJted States. 25c Yearly. Canada and Forel(n, 30c Yearly ourselves the spirit' of darkness Church's philosophy of the family Reactionary critics are forever Subscription rate of one cent per copy plus postage a;>plles to bundles of one and condemnation of birth con- claiming that the masses are shift· hundred or more cop!i!s each month for one year to be directed to one addreu and sin, so that aware of our duty and persevering in good, trol that I must adopt a revolution- less, out f-0r getting something for ary attitude toward society. nothing. They propose this as a Reentered as second class matter August 10, 1939, at the Post Ofilce and inflamed by zeal for Thy of New York, N. Y., Under the Act ot March 3, 1879 cause, by the power of example, Wrong Emphasis reason for keeping property con· prayers, action and supernatural Critics of the Church are not centrated in the hands of a few. .. 09:: life, we may make ourselves without reason when they attack But in so much as the masses do every day more worthy of our her stand on birth control-that prefer the' vulgar to the fine and · Holy mission, more capable of is, we can understand why they do, the cheap to the beautiful and the establishing a n d prpmoting not that they are correct. Catholic:;; soap opera to the.round table, why among men, who are brothers, have too often presented the is this so? Is it not precisely be­ 119 Coal Miners Die in Dlinois Thy kingdom of justice, peace theology of birth in a vacuum. They cause they are brought up and _and love. have deduced their conclusions conditioned in squalor and ·ugli· (Continued from page 1l from revelation of apriori prin- ness. Will they change unless their the code were found. At the same teeth into mine regulations), John ciples and let it go at that: They surroundings change? Shall w• time, it is possible that John Lewis D. Battle, Executive Vice President of the IFOR, and on theology and have not realized that their very demand, by law or by sermon, feuds with former Secretary of the of the mine operators group, op­ the problem of non-violence, Fa- belief in the sacramental character that they live Christian family Interior Krug had caused the UMW posed it-on the grounds that the ther Lorson described the Catholic of man-iage and the significance lives filled with an emphasis on to go against a better mine safety individual states were making Peace Movement 'in France, Hans of birth oblig tes them to other po- spiritual values when their very conditions law after Centralia. great progress in mine safety! Wirtz . discussed· remilitarization, sitions. existance is a negation of spirit• (And Murray Kempton in the New There are still investigations Father Stratmann spoke on the If Rerum Novarum and Quad- ual values? Shall we ask the crip. York Post reported a strange going on to fix the· guilt. Christian and the state, and- Dr. regessimo Anno had ne.ver been pied to run in races? apathy on the part of the UMW There were investigations after Feber laid' down the immediate written, we should be able to come We call, then, for the deprole. ,to press the charges against the Centralia. And four years later, practical tasks of the group. to most of their conclusions tarianizatiop. of the masses, for ~ company during the hearings after Secretary of the Interior Oscar Results through considering thu one fact widespread ownership, for the r the West Frankfurt disastor.) Chapman said of the tragedy at As a result of the meeting, the we affirm life, we a.re opposed to dignity of the worker. We are , When the Price-Neely• bill was West Frankfurt: A.d.K. er Christ in der s· 11 d b ersbip be llllder conditions which bargaining and by using its funds and one of the taken to publish 8 numbers a year. we must deny the cbarie. But then we clefen4.. main issues is an attempt by the company to keep pensions and re- A program of future conferences t liz th If Jn the peat encyclicals on t.... outtirement of the .funds hands underof the thea ents petty who tyranny e of company. patrona~g~e~anid~~w;as~~d~e~c~id;~~d~u~po;,n~ . i . •• un.d;e~r~th!e~l;e;ad;-~w~e~m~us~~r posed to ~e~a~~e~bir iait~~w~e~are~~o'p-Pf~~~~!~~~I~~~~~~--..,--~ was coa- which the Catholic, the Cbristian, nallans-Plus insisted that panies, this strike is legitimate and its picket lines should be respected. ferees could make contact with family can live its full life with state centralism could not abra. pacifist groups in France, Belgium, dignity and peace. gate the family and religious Switzerland, the United States, It is a question of means. Faced functions of society, the educa· South America and England. with the problem of underprivilege tion of children. The family not Gandlii Followers Meet in Italy The Conference unanimously and poverty for the child, we can- only needs property so that it can agreed upon sending a letter to the not advocate birth control because develop in a Christian way; it The anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi's death, January 30, was and to the German Bishops, we believe that the solution des- also needs the freedom to develop celebrated in Perugia, Italy, · by an international gathering of as well as to the Bonn Government. troys the very value it seeks to pre- this life without state interference. followers of his way of non-violence. Under the leadership of Prof. (English· Catholic pacifists have serve. For in addition to opposing In short, the Catholic teachinl Aldo Capitini of Perugia (jailed during the Fascist regime), the con­ recently addressed a letter to their birth control on the grounds of in its fullness is far from.. being ference is open to members of all religious belief. There is hope hierarchy asking for more explicit theology, we are against it on the reactionary, it is a call to the that an international group will be organized at the meeting. statements on the subject of war.) pragmatic grounds that it harms transformation of society. But as The Catholic Worker hopes to be society. The disintegration and long as Catholics do not accept able to maintain contact with atomization of family life in the the implications of their belief, as European Catholic objectors in past few centuries is the result of long as they are against birth con­ order to unify Catholic opposition complex causes, but we must cer- trol, and not against a society "Plain Duty to Disobey Government" to war. We are greatly encouraged tainly number among them divorce which allows children to be born -Bishop Ancel by the efforts of the Frankfurt and birth control. (Significantly in circumstances of disease and Mgr. Ancel, Auxiliary Bishop of Lyon, wrote last month in Essor, Conference and hope that it is only enough, the ranks of the planned squalor, we have nothing to say to the Lyons weekly, that if the French government should join the United the beginning of an international parenthood groups a e quite often Paul Blanshard or the Sangerites. States in a preventive war against Russia, "Catholics have a plain duty attempt to place a Christian the- filled with the bourgeoisie who can We are reactionary. to disobey the Government." ology of non-violence before the have children,....-and this is another Manifesto He said,-"Promoters of preventive war are war criminals and any Catholics of the world. symptom of middle class deca- This one belief of ours, that life. Catholic who really wishes the Americans to engage in a preventive dence.) belongs to God, that marriage is war against Russia flagrantl.Y' violates the S1xth Commandment." Then faced with a positive af- sacramental and birth a signifi· · CN. B. Msgr. Ottaviani, Assessor or the Holy Office at the Vatican, firmation of life, it is necessary for cance not to be tampered with, is defines preventive war in his Institiones juris publici ecclesiastici, EASY -ESSAY us to work for the creation of a at the same time a manifesto -call• paragraph 86, as any war' which is declared itnd which is not a defense society in which that life can ing for the Christianization of sa. against an actual physical attack on the defending country's territory. By PETER MAURIN thrive. In so muc'1 as Catholics ciety. Because we believe this: And even in this case, the conditions for legitimate defense are such have emphasized the negative in- We oppose the capitalist system WHAT THE CATHOLIC WORKER terdict alone, they have merited which concentrates wealth in the that, as Father Gaston Fessard reports in his recent Paix ou Guerre, BELIEVES many European Catholic theologians have concluded from Msgr. Otta- the non-Catholic charge of social hands of the few and makes· a viani's work that no mod~rn war is moral.) 1. The Catholic Worker believes reaction. In so much as we oppose dignified family life impossible; in the gentle birth control we inevitably demand We oppose the purely negative of traditional Catholicism, a transformation of society. mis-representation which has been 2. The Catholic Worker believes The Implicatioµs made of the Catholic position, European Catholic Pacifists Meet in the personal obligation What are the implications of this which is against birth control, but of looking after stand? • not in favor of a society in which In order to unite Catholic pacifists in Europe, a meeting was the needs of our . First of all, that merely passing a Christian family life is possible; in a law restricting the sale of contra- We call for the deproletarianiza· held Frankfurt, Germany, last November 17 and 18. The 3. The Catholic .Worker believes ceptives is a meaningless gesture. tion of the masses, for homes Catholic Worker has· recently received a report on the con­ in the daily practice (l would be opposed to such a law owned and not rented, for space ference from Kaspar Mayr, Austrian Catholic pacifist. of the Works of Mercy. on other grounds, but what I want and not slums, for ownership and Originally, it was expected that only 25 or 30 people would 4. The Catholic ,Worker believes to point out here is that these laws not for credit. be able to attend. One of the pur - •------~------­ in Houses of Hospitality will be jokes-as they are in We demand that this be done in poses of the group was to revive un Objecteur de Conscience?), for the immediate relief Massachusetts and Connecticut- a way which recognizes the family the Arbeitsgemeinschaftbund (A.d. Father Stratmann, O.P. (author of of those ·who are in need. unless there is a society in which as the basic unit of society, in a K.) within the Internationalen ·The Church and Wai:), Father the Christian can live a family life way consonant with freedom, and Versonungsbund (a Catholic sec- Manfred, leader of , one 5. The Catholic .Worker believes without being called on to exercise not through a ~ubstitution of state tion within th e International of the directors of Caritas, the in the establishment that extreme heroism which is the coercion, that a soci'ety must be Fellowship of Reconciliation). The director of the re-settlement move­ of Farming Communes mark of great sanctity.) created which will allow the family numbers were far in excess of ment in Germany, and two where each one works Secondly, that we favor the to freely achieve these values; expectations: about 100 people priests. From France, in addition· according to his capacity transformation of the proletariat. And finally, because we believe came to Frankfrut and at least 50 to Fatber Lorson, came the fiance and gets according · to his The specific characteristic of the in the' Fatherhood of God and the more expressed their willingness of Jean de Sierde, an imprisoned need. working masses is that they are brotherhood of man, we believe to come, but were detained, chief- objector. A letter of encourage- 6. The Catholic Worker believes propertyless. But as Catholic phi- that these principles are not for Jy because of financial reasons. ment was received from Father in creating a new society losophers and theologians have America alone, but for the whole Priests Attend Ochard, one of the leaders of within the shell of the old P'W1ted out for centuries {it is the world, that this revolution must Seven priests were in attendance. English Catholic opposition to war. with the philosophy of the point of Aquinas thesis on prop- also take place in Asia, in Africa, Father Lorson S.J. from France· During the two day conference, new. erty), private ownership is a right in Europe, throughout all the colo­ (author of Un Chretien peut-il etre Kaspar Mary spoke on the History (Reprint) because it is necessary for the de- nial and ·oppressed lands. February, 1952 THE CATHOLIC WORKER Page Three THE LONG LONELINESS (The following ls crn excerpt from Dorothy Doy's new boolc) though they were newly discovered. (Honest to God was the title of one of his series of essays). One of the great German Protestant-theologians said after the end The strangeness of the phrase "to make love" strikes me now and of the last war that what the world needed was community and liturgy. :eminds me of that aphorism of St. John of the Cross, "Where there The desire for liturgy, and I suppose he meant sacrifice, worship, is no love, put love and you will find love." I've thought of it and a sense of reverence, is being awakened in great masses of people followed it many times these eighteen years of community life. ... throughout the world by the new revolutionary leaders. A sense of * ... individual worth and dignity is the first result of the call made on Peter set much store on labor as a prime requisite for a new order. them to enlist their physical and spiritual capacities in the struggle "Work, not wages," that was an I.W.W. slogan and a Communist slogan too, and Peter liked it. During- the days of the depression the Com­ for a life more in keeping with the dignity of man. One might almost munists imd our Catholic Workers often collided in street demonstra­ say that the need to worship grows in them with the sense of reverence, tions. DOWN WITH CHIANG KAI-SHEK! said one of the posters, 10 that the sad result is giant sized posters of Lenin and Stalin, Tito when they were demonstrating.against evictions. WORK, NOT WAGES and Mao. The dictator becomes divine. was another picket sign, when what the Communists were demanding was more relief, unemployment insurance, and every other benefit We had a ma,d friend once, a Jewish worker from the East Side, they could get from the state. Packed in that one tight little phrase who wore a Rosary around his neck and came to us reciting. the Psalms is all the dynamite of revolution. Men wanted work more than they in Hebrew. He stayed with us 'for weeks at a time, for although mad, wanted bread, and they wanted to be responsible for their work, which he had the gentleness of St. Francis. He helped Hergenhan in our means ownership. garden on Staten Islano, and he liked to walk around in his bare feet. I know that as this is read, it will be questioned. "This is how 0 ' '.I can feel things growing," he said. "I look at the little plants, and I the people should be, but are they? Give them relief checks and they will sit back and do nothing for the rest of their days. When they do draw them up out of the earth with the power of love in my eyes." have jobs they see how much they can get away w ith in giving as little He sat at the table with us once and held up a piece of dark rye labor as possible for the highest pay they can get." One hears these bread which he was eating. "It is the black bread of the poor. It is complaints from householders and even from heads of religious orders. who complain that enter without the slightest knowledge Russian Jewish bread. It is the flesh of Lenin. Lenin held bread up of any skills that will help the order. And girls do not know how to to the people and be said, 'This ls my body, broken for you.' So they cook or sew or keep house. With the lack of knowledge of hpw to work · worship Lenin. He brought them bread.'' has come a failure in physical strength too. There is nothing lukewarm about such worship, nothing tepid. It ls Peter w s no dreamer but knew men as they were. That is why he the cr Yi.ng oot of a great hunger. One thinks of the wo; ds in Ezekiel, spoke ·so much of the need for a philosophy of work. Once they had that, once their desires were changed, half the battle was won. To condemning the shepherds who did not feed their sheep. I know that make men desire poverty and hard work, that was the problem. It my college friend Rayna never heard the word of God preached and would take example and the grace of God to do it. she never met a Christian. The failure is ours, and that of the shep­ * * ... herds. The word philosophy is banded around a great deal today. John * • * THE LONG LONELINESS. By Cogley, who formerly beaded our house of hospitality in and Peter was not so much interested. in labor as he was in work and Dorothy Day. Harper md Broth­ is now an editor of The Commonweal, told us about one of his pro­ en, New York. $3.51. Br community. He felt that as long as men sought jobs and wages, and fessors at Fribourg who lectured on Russian philosophy. "In all their Michael Banin&1on. schools, whether of law, medicine, art, engineering or agriculture. accepted the assembly line and the. material comforts the factory ~hilosophy is req~ired study," he said. And that is right, because system brought, they would not think in terms of community, except Dorothy Day's new book was published last month by Harpers. m order to achieve integration, the whole man, there must be an for that which the union brought them. They might be gathered to­ underlying philosophy that directs and lends meaning to his life. pther in time of crisis, during strikes, but would they listen to what It is an autobiorraphy, telling of During World War II, a French Communist wrote an article re­ he said about the need for a ownership and responsibility? her early life, the contacts with the printed in th-e New Masses which emphasized the need .for a Commu­ throuch a childhood friend, nist in the Sorbonne or any other college to teach history or science J:very talk of Peter'1 about the social order led to the land. He &be ...,. mtulUoa •f relicion. There from a Communist point of view. The party never misses the domi­ as a ractleal one. He knew the cravinl la tile lalstDl'7 ol her collep da7a nant impo~ce of philosophy. of the human e but he also knew bow impossible it was to attain it except throu community, through men banding together in farming communes to of the aecial problems. He gave us a garden · to till and cultivate. We become co-creators live to a certain extent ln common, wort together, own machinery Then there la the stoey of &be by our responsible acts, whether in bringing forth children, or produc­ ing food, furniture or clothing. The joy of creativeness should be to1ether, start schools together. da71 In New York with the Call, of Ute Socialist moYemeat, the LW.W., He held the collecUve farms ln Palestine up for our consideration. ours. the New Muses, Leon Tretak7, Eu­ Since Peter's death, Martin Buber's book, Paths In Utopia, has told of But because of the Fall the curse is laid on us of having to earn our ceae O'Neil, the work In a hospital the experiments in Israel, and Thomas Sugure has written a book, bread by the sweat of our brows, in labor. St. Paul said that since d1lriac the war (wlllch llae epposed the Fall, nature itself travaileth and groaneth. So man has to con­ Watch for the Mornln6, on these great adventures In building up a from a revolutionaey point of view). place in the desert for a dispossessed people. Claire Huchet Bishop tend with fallen nature in the beasts and in the earth as well as In There ii allo the atrance premo­ himself. But when he overcomes the obstacles, he attains again to has written about the communities in Europe in her books, France nition• of Catholicism, Mas at St. Alive and All Thinp Common, showing how men can become owners the joy of creativity. Work is not then all pain and drudgery. Joseph's Church over on Sixth All of us know these things instinctively, like Tom Sawyer whose of the means of production and build up a community of work together. Avenue, and a rosary that a friend But these books were not written when Peter started to talk, and example led others to covet his whitewashing job-or the workman, had given her. healthy tired, after a good day's toil like Levin reaping with the he knew that people were not ready to listen. He was a prophet and Dorothy tells of her life on Stat­ met the usual fate of the prophet. The work of the co-operatives in peasants in Anna Karenina. en Island, the birth of her child, Craftsman, not assembly line workers, know this phyiscal, but not Nova Scotia had attracted the attention of the world, but Father Jimmy and her decision to enter the nervous fatigue and the joy of rest after labor. Peter was never a Tomkins said, "People .must get down to rock bottom before they Church which demanded the sacri­ craftsman but he was an unskilled laborer who knew how to use an have the vision and the desperate courage to work along these lines fice of her own family life. axe, a pick and a shovel, how to break rocks and mend roads. and to overcome their natural indi~ idualism." Then, in 1933, there is the de­ • * scription of the meeting with Peter * * Community-that was the social answer to the long loneliness. That Maurin-the meetinc of the revo­ Peter and his slogans! "Fire the bosses" meant "Call no man master, was one of the attractions of religious life and why couldn't Jay people lutionary who had always been in­ for all ye are brothers." It meant "Bear ye one another's burdens." share in it? Not just the basic community of the family, but also a stinctively Christian, and the "Eat what you raise and raise what you eat" meant that you ate community of families, with a combination of private and communal Christian who had always been in­ the things indigenous to the New York climate, such as tomatoes, not property. This could be a farming commune, a continuation of the stinctively a revolutionary-and oranges; honey, not sugar, etc. We used to tease him because he drank agronomic university Peter spoke of as a part of the program we were the founding of the Catholic coffee, chocolate or tea, but "he ate what was set before him." Had to work for. Peter had vision and we all delighted in these ideas. Worker. In those days, Pius XI he been a young husband raising a family be would have done without had been forced to remind the "But not a five-year plan," he would say. He . did believe in tea, or coffee, as indeed such a as Larry Heaney did. Larry n~t Church of the existence of a Cath· blueprints or a planned economy. Things grow organically. was in charge of the House in Milwaukee until he married olic social philosophy in Rerum and was able with another Catholic Worker family to buy a fine farm A parish priest in Canada, Father John McGoey, had a vision of a Novarum, and the Communists and in Missouri. community of families. From a poor parish in Toronto, he inspired other left-wing :-roups seemed to a number of families who were jobless and living on relief to band be alone in their cry for justice. Peter liked to talk about the four hour day. Four hours for work, together a.nd study the problems of getting back to the land. He Dorothy and Peter established their four hours for study and discussion; but he didn't practice it. Knowing secured a tract of land for them, obtained the co-operation of the penny-newspaper to bring the that people could not fit into neat categories he would seize upon them city's relief bureau, and moved the families out of the slums. A school teachings of the Church to the '!"henever he could for discussion and indoctrination. for the children was started, a weaving project set up, gardens put man on the street, and the first Everyone, of course, wished to indoctrinate. They no sooner had a in, small animals cared for, and the families got on their feet again. issue appeared on May Day, the message than they wished to give it. Ideas which burst upon them With the ending of the depression and the beginning of preparations traditional day of revolutionary like a flood of light made the young people want to get out and change for war, some of them moved back to the factory neighborhoods again. dedication. the world. Monsignor Luigi Ligutti, bead of the Catholic Rural Life Confer­ Dorothy describes the first har­ • ence, did the same with a group of unemployed miners in Iowa. He rowinr days of the Worker's exist­ We always had the war of wo1,ker and scholar when the former obtained land and funds from. the governnfent, and the settlement ence-the surge from 25,000 read­ accused the latter of side-stepping work. The joke went around the he established has prospered. In both these cases government help ers to 150,000. Then came the country that the Catholic Worker crowd lived on lettuce one bright was needed. Peter did not wish to turn to the government for funds. days of Franco and World War II, summer of discussion at Maryfarm when students from ten universi­ "He who is a pensioner of the state is a slave of the state,"_he felt. both of which the Worker opposed. ties around the country arrived for long visits. One young politician Neither Father McGoey nor Monsignor Ligutti felt enslaved, but they Many readers who had known of active in public: life in Ohio spent months with Peter and then returned did admit there had been red tape and many headaches involved in the Worker's pacifism canceled to the Midwest to teach, eventually starting the Christ the King Center cetting the help needed. their subscription, and during the for Men at Herman, Pennsylvania ...... war the young men in the army * and c. o. camps, there was a grim Farms like ours began to dot the country. In Aptos, California, in Peter's plan was that groups should borrow from mutual-aid credit struggle for existence. Cape May, New Jers~y , in Upton, Massachusetts, in Avon, Ohio, in unions in the parish to start what be first liked to call agronomic South Lyon, Michigan-a dozen sprang up as Catholic Worker associ­ universities, where the worker could become a scholar and the scholar Dorothy also writes of the ideas ates. Many others consisted of young married groups trying to restore of the' workers. Of community and a worker. Or he wanted people to give the land and money. He always the idea of community. how Peter l\Iaurin spoke of it. Of spoke of giving. Those who had land and tools should give. Those Some were started and abandoned as too isolated, or because of who had capital should give. Those who had labor should give that. the many failures, and of the suc­ cesses. She includes her readings, lack of water, lack of funds, lack of people who knew how to work. "Love is an exchange of gifts," St. Ignatius had said. It was in these Men found out the reasons for cities and relief rolls when they ven­ simple, practical, down-to-earth ways tbat people could show their from the Psalms, the New Testa­ ment, Francis, Ghandi, Tolstoy, tured onto the land and sought to do manual labor. How to work in love for each other. If the love was not there in the beginning, but an industry so as not to compromise oneself and yet .earn a living fer only the need, such gifts made love grow. Kropotkin, Martin Buber, and tells "To make love." Peter liked to study phrases, and to use them as (Continued on page 7) a family? February, 1952 Page Four THE CATHOLIC WORKER ON PILGRIMAGE Eastern Rite housing prohibited Negroes from By DOROTHY DAY moving into their buildings. Many Catholics and Reuiiion My column is being written in the fog horns on the freighters of them employ little Negro help. By ROBERT LUDLOW New York instead of the snow- which come into Socony Port near­ Workers engaged in hazardous oc­ bound middle west because just as by. They live on a road with few cupations were also enabled to en­ If we are interested and serious­ to him. It would have the appear­ I was getting ready to leave, one other houses, they are surrounded joy low rate insurance. ly concerned with the establish­ ance of a Roman Church. There grandchild, Eric, came down with by miles of scrubby fields and Our breadlines are full of men ment of peace we must be interest­ would be holy water founts at the pneumonia, Susie was susl?ecte~ · of woods, and yet to the north of who have ·not been able to collect ed and concerned about those door, there would be statues..._ (us­ having an attack of 3aund1ce, them a mile away there is the big­ the benefits they have earned, who things that make for peace. And ually in the worst plaster of Paris Beckie had a cough and Mary and gest Standard Oil Storage plant in have not been covered by social se­ certainly the reunion of the Chris· style l, there would be Stations of Nickie joined the chorus. At the the world, and just across Kill Van curity, who have suffered long de­ tian Churches .is one of the most the Cross around the Church walls, same time I had laryngitis so I Kull there is the great industrial lays in getting their pensions. persistent problems that confronts there would be confessionals. He could not have talked anyway, and area of New Jersey with its fac­ Many of them have such insuf­ us in this regard. And, from the would notice that the Altar was if I cannot talk, I cannot pay my tories and chimneys pouring out ficient pensions that they are Catholic standpoint, the most im­ fully in view, that there was no fare from place to place. So the fumes over the surrounding coun­ forced to supplement their month­ mediate problem is reunion with ikonastasis. He would also· notice trip will begin February 11, a feast try side. A far cry from West Vir­ ly checks by the meal they get the Orthodox Church inasmuch as that the congregation

crucHixlight in theand roomfurniSh1ng at that u1emoment v•u¥, Himselifto Detne made~· !l~ just~- ~v· ~this~ ~~renuncia-::~~and~~~~~-Tr reconcile it ~withii~ the~ construe-~~~~~~~·~~the~~D~la~usi~b~i~U~t'y~o;f ~t~hi~·s~a~s~ign;;H~i~c:a;n· ~t~n;u~m;be~r;;o;f~C~h• ~r~is;ti• ~·a;n~s~ .. -~..... ~ -~...... were two empty glass vigil-light tion ... " (From "ADVENT," by tion of those conditions which biblical exege;i; ~~;t -be consulted Kingdom. This is going to involve eontainers that Phil had cracked Jean Danielou s. J . Sheed & make such a book possible. To to arrive at the conclusion that some very necessary and difficult at tlie bottom, wired with sockets Ward.) ' ' give national assent-perhaps, real He was a Poor Man and that He steps. Notwithstanding the theories and Christmas-tree bulhs and "Too often Catholics approach assent-to the hell of the life of recommended poverty for those of reform of some Catholics whose painted blue with a red cross· in their non-Catholic neighbors with destitution and then lend a life's who would follow Him. The liter- intelligence Is not apace with the center of each container. As time labors to such institutions acy demanded of the newspaper their enthusiasm, the first step for he showed these things, a man just a predatory eye; they wonder how whose outcome for most · dep- reader is. enough to bring to the t h e c at h o li c is· to some h ow di vorce they can be led into the fold; they 15 8 h f f h In off the road, hat and coat still are disappointed if they balk at rivation and then lend a life's time New Testament and come up with inlsel rom t e immoral systems on, sat silently in a rocking chair, labors to such ·nstituti"ons whose the same answer. For a Christian of money hatching. They cannot coming to the font. But the love of 1 b f f th · "d T staring at Phil's creations, while outcome for most is a depn"vati"on it would appear inescapable that e re ormed rom e msi e. o which Christ is speaking must be th · t b d strangely enough, somebody on of the necessi"ties of life-there ·s poverty is to be sought as the way go near em is o e corrupte . disinterested enough to transcend 1 A d f h" f th Phil's radio was blasting out with the tragi·c hypocri"sy of so many of life consistent with the effective n or t is reason, or e reason even this selfish (if holy) satisfac- f th d d" t • · a Frankie Laine-like voice, "Sing modern Catholics. practice of those spiritual tech- o e necessary e 1ca ion m- tion. We shall pray for their con- 1 d ·· h ·t Id You Sinners." The life of Clotilde was wretch- niques which open the door on vo ve m sue a program. l wou version, certainly; but even more, th t th · b d f th ed. and the Closi·ng scene of her real life. The whole weight of appear a e mam ur en o e * * • we must pray for their . - ·ingly famous, where Catholic thought supports this call t as k is· gomg· t o f an on th e s h ouId - Recently, a group from the Eric The two things are not always co- Story dese• • f dult c th r If ·t She enters La Sai.nte Chapelle 1·n for poverty to the Christian. ers o young a a o ics. 1 Gill Center spent a weekend here incidental." (From an excerpt of And today this call is assuming is· t oo muc h o f an h er01c· f ea t f or at the farm. During that w~ekend , a new book by Father Leo J . Trese, complete peace, is not the usual h . d C h . . h f . denouncement of a life such as the most important single issue t e marrie at o1 1c wit a am1 1y Fr. Faley spoke to the group on being published by Fides Press.> . confronting the thinking Christian. to disentangle himself from the the Liturgy. Fr. Sheehan, a Jo­ hers. It is only the who can sephite father and friend of As for prayer: daily in the. Mass, rise above the bitterness of destitu- In modern times the injunction for commercial and other immorali- there is the collect part of the tion to peace. For peace, as St. Christians to seek poverty is ampli- ties, although there is plenty of Fr. Faley's, talked to the group official Church Unity 0 ctave field by· the fact that the Christian evidence at hand that it is not, Thomas says, is the tranquility of also, relating -some of his experi­ prayer: of refined conscience-the integral. then let the call be answered by ences w h i 1 e working with Lay order, and since destitution is "O Lord Jesus €htist, Who didst Christian-has no other choice of the single young men and women Apostolate organizations down in say unto Thy apostles, 'My Peace disorder, it is to be seen that for condition-if an alternative ever who do not have to reckon a family New Orleans. average human nature such a con- exi"sted at any t1"me. In the blunt- .as being a block in the path of I leave with you, My peace I give dition is alien to Christian prin- chr· t * * • unto· you, look not upon my sins, ciples. Our world, the one affiicted est way in which it can be stated, is · Out in the barn, four of the but upon the faith of Thy Church with the disease of profit and loss it is a truth of crushing force that • * * goats are expecting kids and the and give here that peace and unity ethics, where every man is measur- the Christian must perforce be Ours is the religion of hope, two pigs were sick, which was which are agreeable to Thy holy ed by a rule of saleability, is an counted amongst the poor in the and no matter how dark or in­ really a tragedy for us, because all Will. Who livest and reignest, God, eminently disordered one, and context of modern methods of mak­ superable this problem may seem, we have is two pigs. John keeps for ever and ever. Amen." peace is had in it only by heroic Ing a living. He can hardly find a it is not too late. We will know that a significant change is afoot his youngest dog, Rex, chained in The Fellowship of Reconciliation efforts. It is a world of chaos: one job which will square with the the barn. If Rex gets any bigger, in its English pubJication for Jan- definition of hell. system of ethics implicit in what when· the urgency for poverty is John wil throw a saddle on him uary, 1952, has 'given a prayer we The story of Clotilde is really ·he assents to every Sunday morn- realized. The beginning of our suc­ or harness him to the plow. The cess will be signaled when Catho­ could well use: 1 1 th ·t · h' · h ing. He JD,ust be a poor man. That other day Rex broke loose from his ess a nove an i is agiograp y. is the fact whiCh must be faced. lic parents recognize their duty " O Lord of life, Who has or- Its title could more justly be chain and commenced to torment towards their children by r aising dained that men cannot make rendered, "The Woman Who Was Today, it is only complicating chaos them in that poverty which Chr ist the goats and scatter a bag of feed peace with one another unless they Destitute, and Perhaps a Saint." to discuss the obligation of· the was not above embracin ~. that around the barn. The rabbits are at peace with Thee; send forth It is unbecoming to criticize Catholic rich man to the poor. That seem to have abandoned the con­ poverty whose classic Chri ~ tian Thy wisdom and Thy truth to rule Bloy in a discussion of modernism is almost as fallacious as the be­ expression is found in the Holy fines of their enclosure for some the hearts of those who represent and Catholicism. Our debt to· him lief regarding 'J nner detachment secret diggings u n d e r the hen­ Family; w h e n Catholic. colleges the nations. Take from us, in Thy is so great that it smacks of in- wh}le amid personal wealth." The abandon. the business courses to house. The dogs, King and Rex, ·cy, pri"de and wrath, that we t "t d t · k hi ·t · g question is: how is it that I am a keep the rabbits fairly close to the mer gra i u e 0 pie ovei: s wn 10 Catholic and- rich? How did I man­ the secular educationalists i.r> d henhouse, but unfortunately some may learn the righteousness which in the jackdaw manner of the New start to instruct their students in is in Christ. Give us the perfect Criticism. (Bloy stood almost alone age to amass this wealth? What of the rabbits are striking out on how truly to serve Christ , so­ love that casts out fear, and by Thy against the main stream of con- teaching of Christ did I violate, their own. Patsy, one of the cats ciety, and themselves, rather than grace so reconcile us to Thyself temporary nineteenth century mo- as 1 almost certainly did, in raking (she is really a he), occasionally versing them in the techniques that we shall live in reconc"iliatio_n demist hypocrisy whose effects are together this pile? These are the sneaks into the chapel during of exploitation; when the pulpit to our brethren, through Jesus to be seen everywhere in our qt:estions demanding an answer. -morning Mass. He's been thrown starts to recommend poverty to -- · t L d " chill· i·ng soci"ety.) Yet, and it is a And these are the questio1.1s going out the front door on tile fly, and Ch n s • our or · unanswered-and unasked. the laity rather than speaking of also, down the basement stairs. And could it not be t hat great point of foremost importance, it it in tones which suggest that it Butch, the other cat, spends his numbers earnestly, humbly, confi- must .not be allowed that the word * * * is a highly unfortunate -circum­ days in the time honored cat-pro­ dently making use of Terce, the "poor" connotes destitution, other­ It is higll time that that Sacred stance; when our wars are pointed fession of catching rats. Although prayer of the Third Hour, the mQ- wise stated as that condition which Cow, the Catholic Businessman, be out to Catholics for what tht!y are some of the rats Butch has caught ment when the Holy Ghost de- reduces a man to an animal level forced to face th·e obvious sequi­ -the military extensions of our are almost as pig as he, this oc­ scended upon the Apostles, will be of processes in the efforts to find tures of some Catholic principles. immoral economic struggles; whcf\ cupation is proving to be much rewar ded with floods of grace bear- the minimum to keep life intact. It seems incredible that he has we begin to see in the poor man safer than trying to crash mornin~ ing fruit in union and understand- * * * reached this point without anathe­ what Christ has told us to · see­ Mass. ing. ''.Poor" is a word vastly different ma having been called upva his Himself. Page Six THE CATHOLIC WORKER February, 1952 ·open Letter on Taxes ·Peter Maurin Farm By AMMON HENNACY By EMILY SCARBOURGH in Tottenville; an original arrange­ R. 3, Box 221 Phoenix, Ariz. ment. 1 David and Betty Dellinger and when she said she would do without As I write, I hear the typing of bad planned. With our loyaltY their. three handsome children one, he agreed to co~e. The Del­ Jan. 13, 1952. John McKeon, our literary figure, oaths we are adopting the methods came· to stay with us in Jan- lingers decided. to have their baby who constantly receives special de­ Mr. William P. Stuart, of Hitler. With our lack of moral uary. On the 21st, with Dave alone, since their last child, liveries from New Mexico. Collector of Internal Revenue, perception we double-talk on our and Rita as midwives, Betty gave Tasha, came ahead of time, and Every once in a while, one takes Phoenix, Arizona. Voice of America and throw our birth to a blooming boy, as good- was delivered single-handed by the Perth Amboy ferry. It is a Dear Mr. Stuart: · dollars over the world thinking ft looking as the rest. His name is Dave. The greatest help came funny little boat. It is like being I am refusing for the ninth con- will cover up our imperialism in Daniel. There was excitement from a government pamphlet on in a plane. midwives, borrowed from the El­ aecutive year to pay my income Puerto · Rico and our continued among the inhabitants here, and Emily went away for a short bert Sissons, of Washington, D. C., tax. I surmise that you are aware despoilation of the American In- enormous reiief, and the child time to settle overdue private af­ that my a'ction is taken for the dian. By calling the Communists came safely into this world; and which was published during · the fairs. She saw her uncle in New same reason that I have refused to names and linking up with the especial grins on the faces of Hans, war years, when women were en­ York, and her children and grand­ pay all along; namely, that most of despots Tito, Chiang and Franco John Murray, and Agnes. Rita has couraged to have their babies at children, Dunstan and Charlotte, th we are not fooling the starving been helping Betty ever since, home in a human way, instead of this tax goes f or war an d e up- millions of Asia. If all the Commu- and her beloved Sullivans (neigh­ keep of an unholy and un-Cllristian with cleaning and washing; and antiseptically, behind a glass. bors) in Granby, Conn.; as well as social systl!m. The philosophy nists were dead we would still Kenneth, the astonishing, takes Objections have been made, and Maritains in Princeton, N. J., by the . h t· . b d . have the problem of capitalist care of the children, runs the sustained, that too much was writ­ upon wbic my ac ion is ase is overp"roduction causing depressions grace of God, her god-parents. that of the Christian• Anarchist, washing machine, and does our ten in this column last month and wars. Truman, MacArthur, ki A f tl Maritain is writing a new book in who regards all government as coo ng. s someone erven y re- about food. How can that be? We English, a development of Art based upon the return of evil for Stalin, Churchill all vie in calling marked, pointing to him, "That's possess two cooks of genius. Why and , called Creative . t d . for peace while preparing for war. piety!" evil in courts, legis1 a ure an pns- Hitler and Mussolini said "Peace" should their talents not be ex­ Intuition in Art and Poetry. The ons. Opposition to all government too-again· this is THE BIG LIE. Dave Dellinger was in prison posed? The more so, that what joy, .tenderness and vitality of is therefore a necessary part of the Without the income taxes, paid twice for refusing to register for they work with is so meagre. these three people has to be seen td daily life of one who seeks to fol- grudgingly by most people, THE the draft. Not long ago he re­ Around Christmastime, it is true, be believed. In Hartford Emily low the . As BIG LIE of the capitalist imperial- turned from Europe, where with we were showered by our friends; visited Al St. Clair, an old friend all churches uphold the state, I do ists who dominate our lives today three others he dropped non-re­ but now we are down to the usual; of the Worker, whom Dorothy sent yet we eat. Kenneth and Rita can not belong to any church, but at-d would endure but for a moment sistance literature behind the iron to her ten years .ago. He is not te_nd mass an d pray f or grace an For one person to refuse to pay curtain. no more help cooking well, and en­ able to move anything but his wisdom because Qf my love and taxes will not stop war but it may Before Betty's delivery, Dorothy couraging others to do so (they hands, and has been so for twenty respect for Do~othy Day and Rob- 'Start a person here and there to and Agnes tried to get a midwife even have the recluse Leonard in years. He is gay, informed and ert Ludlow, editor ~f the CATHO- question the whole setup of ex- irom Bellevue Hospital, the De­ their power) than breathing. And alive. · She saw a1so her friend LIC :WO.RKER. This was the first ploitation and the fallacies of partment of Health, · and the it helps make for our happiness­ Martha Johnson, who with Lucy publication to support I_TIY • non- THE BIG LIE, which consist of: County Clerk's office. They called just as daily Mass and Communion Sullivan in Hartford helps to run Payment of taxes. Its basis of F th F' t· • t d feeds our souls. Man does not live the best Catholic library in the 1. The assertion that prepared- up a er 10ren mo s cura e, an by bread alone. But the body does. voluntary poverty and manual la- ness prevents war - The fact is h e P h one d several Italian' pries· t s u. s. bor on the land I accept as an that those countries which have on Sta t en I s1 an d , m· sma11 pans· h es. Black Diamond had her babies. In spite of the appa.cent hullaba­ integral part of my life as a revo- had the greatest armies and the N o one knew o f any. Th en th ey Complaints were made as to their loo of life below-stairs at Peter lutionary Christian. • greatest preparation for war have P h one d M rs. B rown, the rea 1 es tate color-an unvarying pattern; but Maurin Farm (the center of our ac• A hundred years ago the test of gone down in defeat. Sparta, agent in· Great Kills, who found they are just as sweet as kittens. tivities has shifted to the basement) 'whether a person was socially con- Rome, the Great Spanish Empire, Peter Maurin Farm for us. She She was seen the other day in close the level of wit and serious con· scious or not was whether he sup- Germany, Japan, and now the Brit- recommended some Hungarian pursuit of a hound. versation is high. Michael Har­ ported slavery or opposed it. Prac- ish Empire is on the skids. This women at the far end of the island; We were sitting fairly caimly at rington favored us with a weekend tically all the good religious peo- country has become penurious at but as far as could be discerned, the table at supper one evening visit; he contributed to it. Ed ple justified ownership of slaves by times because of the cost of arma- the last . remaining midwife on when in came Joe Cuellar, with a Foerster is one of the wits; so are quotations from the Bible. North- ments but Its spirit has still been Staten Island died last year. It large she-goat. Some gave affec­ McKeon and Robinson. erners whose fortunes were based larceny mind e cl Accordingly cost Tamar $75 when Dr. Matthews tionate attention to it; others Patchen and Ray Dellinger at· upon the slave trade denounced after wars it has relaxed some- delivered Mary Elizabeth at home. t1l9ught that this was going too far. tend Mass and vespers, and are William Lloyd Garrison, the abo- what but has kept up the eco- The cheapest rate at a hospital The goat was contented. John Mur­ always . helpin1. They know the litionist. (Garrison was also the nomic imperialism and diplomatic would have been $115. Dr. ray stood up and said, "Lord have rosary. first Christian Anarchist, Tolstoy trickery which led right into an- Matthews strongly protested deliv- mercy on us!" And lifting his John Murray went in to the me- having been encouraged in this di- other war. Today we are spend- e · a bab · rection b e mutterinl, changed. He and Leonard built n n , French and Dutch imperialism in the ialand who would do it; but "We're here because we're here!" neat shelves and a sink board in which all government was consid­ the Far East and our war in Korea The goat ls now a respected mem­ our basement kitchen. ered anti-Christian.) Mr. Stuart, Everyone is trying to get a look has been a farce no, matter which a state they would never amount ber of the community, and we hope your ancestors, as well as mine, way you may look at it. And we for kids. Black Diamond tried to at Dorothy's new book. Dorothy's likely hid escaped slaves and to more than a McCoy Hatfield special brand of holy hope and are making more bombs and get­ feud. It takes a state with taxes hound her off the place. helped them get to freedom in Can­ ting into war deeper and deeper. Father Cordes is back from salty pessimistic wisdom comes ada. The law said that escaped from Christians to make A Bombs. out well in it. It seems to me that, 2. The assertion that the maJor­ It takes a state with politicians Maryfarm, where he spent six slaves should be returned to their iiy is alwa)'s richt ..:_ Benjamin months. It is nice to see him. for the .first time in her published masters, but good Quakers broke seeking to keep in power to make writings, all the sides of her com· Tucker, an a r ch Is t editor of It the law. wars. takes a state giving fat Katherine Burton, Julie Kernan, plex. character are shown. It ls a LIBERTY half a c e n t u r y ago, contracts and big wages to make Frederica Baker, and others visited Today the measure of social con­ gave the answer to this illusion powerful book, and should be a munitions for war. ·When this us; and Dwight MacDonald. leaven in the American Church. sciousness is whether we support in unalterable lo&ic: "If one man Moloch devours our children in the war and conscription. All thinking Joe got a few days' work,' donated Hans and Ed desperately need a robs another, as does a highway­ next war we need not cry to God people must admit that the state is paint, and painted the attic be­ mechanical bread mixer. man, that is theft and is wrong. If for mercy, for we asked for it. We Monster-a Monster of corrup­ tween vespers a.nd supper in a Mr. and Mrs. Brendan O'Grady a one man robs all other men, as h,ave been warned and would not tion and inefficiency, a Juggernaut shade called melody green. He came. He is writing a thesis on does a despot, that is wrong. But listen. that crushes freedom, that regi­ if all other men rob one man, as made Tamar a magnificent stair­ Peter Maurin at St. Dunstan's, ments us from the cradle to the by. the instrument of the ballot If, Mr. Stuart, after your thought case. He has been having trouble Newfoundland, which he wants to grave, supposedly for our own and majority rule, that also is on these matters for the several with his jeep. amplify into a book-the first biog. good. Yet, while most churches wrong." In -any moral issue the years .that I have been refusing . As for the 1933 Chevrolet-it is raphy of Peter. grudgingly allow members to be majority have always been wrong. to pay taxes here in Phoenix, you the despair of Leonard's heart. Agnes, whose uncle was chief of conscientious objectors, they all, When the matter is no longer in come to the point where you realize Mary Baker -came from St. Louis police in Dublin, brushes down the with the exception, generally dispute the majority will corrupt that "all is vanity and vexation of Academy for a few days, and stairs, sweeps corners carefully speaking, of Quakers, Mennonites the good by their sheer weight of spirit" in this mad woild, you may cleaned the chapel and did the al­ and dusts the rungs on chairs. She and Brethern, support war when complacency and orthodoxy, as see fit to renounce your post as tar linens. We have a beautiful does it gently. Such an attitude it comes. And, with very few ex­ William James has told us in· his tax collector and join me in ~Y new aspergil, the effects of which seems very agreeable to those who ceptions, all pacifists pay taxes for incomparable Varieties of Reli­ exhortation to those who may not will do us no harm.. Rita and John don't give enough attention to the war. They may wish to do differ­ gious Experience. The strongest be able to live one more day as a McKeon went to the Chinese New niceties of life, such as the writer. ently, but the reason they pay· up man in the · world is not the prop to this dying · system. Did Year party in Mott Street. Bill God bless us! We are like a poor ls because they are so attached to dictator, but as Ibsen said, "he you know that Ernest Crosby, who McAndrew has visited us. He has a and Christian ocean liner, pushing the comforts of capitalism that who stands most alone." Thoreau was Judge of the International room in New York now, and a job toward Heaven with gusto. they dislike to inconvenience them­ put it "that one on the side of Court of Claims in Cairo, Egypt, selves for an ideal. People who God is a maj,ority." resigned his job as a jurist after thus know better but do not do 3. The illusion that there has ·al­ reading Tolstoys The Kingdom of T h e better are properly classified as ways been a state and that it is God Is Within You, for which he pipsqueaks. !'eter Maurin, the necessary-This final installment was welcomed by Tolstoy, himself? C O MM O NWEAL French peasant, founder. of the of THE BIG LIE is so old that Therefore for those of us who can A Weekly Journal of Opinion Edited by Catholic Laymen Catholic Worker movement, said take it it is time to break away most people wil die for it in the Recent Contributors: ' that "he who is a pensioner of the mistaken idea that they are help­ from THE BIG LIE. Take the first state, is a slave of the state." ing themselves. In the Bible it step in refusing to make munitions; Joseph Alsop • William F. Buckley, Jr. .. Alex Comfort • Dorothy Day • Waldemar Gurian . . The Christian Anarchist pat­ tells us that, "in those days there in refusing to register for war or terns his life after that of the were no kings in Israel for each military training; in refusing to buy Emmet Lavery • Charles Malik early Christians. He does not vote man did what was right in his own government bonds which are .truly Jacques Maritain • Francois Mauriac • Eurene J. McCarthy for officials or go to coilrts to get heart. "But the people wantled a slave bonds; and when you can Sean O'Faolin • Hen17 R"go even with those who may wrong king and asked Samuel for one. get around to it, refuse to pay H. A. Reinhold • Leo J. Trese • Martin J. Turnell him; neither does he need a cop to God told Samuel to tell them that income taxes. No matter what we Gerald Vann • Evelyn Waugh make him behave. He wants no a king would make their sons have done toward living the ideal Foreign Reports by: Gunnar D. Kumlein • Robert Barrat social security benefits or pen­ soldiers: "AU the best of y.our we should remember the words of Stage: Walter Kerr • Screen: Philip T. Hartunr sion. As Dorothy Day says of my lands and vineyards · and olive­ St. Augustine: "As- who says .that Columns by: John C. <::ort • Francis Downlnr refusal to pay taxes, in her recent yards he will take away ... you he has done enough has already book, The Long Loneliness. (Har­ will be his slaves and when you perished.'' O $1 a Year [] 18 Weeks $2 cry out for redress against the per, 1952): "as he does not accept SAMPLE COPY ON REQUEST king you have chosen for your­ from Caesar, he does not render P.S. I earned $1,701.91 in 1951. 386 FOURTI! AVE., NEW YORK 16, N. Y. to Caesar." Instead of opposing selves, the Lord will not listen to I sent my younger daughter at uni­ war and the state most people fall you: you asked for a king.'' versity $1,260; spent $225 on living Check one of the boxes, print your name and address below for this BIG LIE. . If we were not deA'toralized by expenses; . and the remainder on and return the lower . part of this advertisement today. Hitler said that if you said it the gadgets of our materialistic propaganda. I owe $192 taxes, and loud enough and often enough civilization and mesmerized· by our you may rest assured that I as an THE BIG LIE could be put across. chant of The American Way of Life anarchist, Mr. Stuart, will simply He proved it for the duration of his we might be quiet for a minute and refuse to pay the tax and not resort despotism, which fell somewhat know that unless our fears and to political influence to avoid pay­ short of the 1,000 years that he covetousness were not organized· in ment. ..

FebMiary, 1952 THE CATHOLIC WORKER Page S~en .+ + + B-OOK REVIEWS ·+ + + been the eighteenth century, with .. all of its religious, humanitarian Professor· John Nef • and even aesthetic values, pro- -Father C. C. -Martindale gressed so rapidly that the me~ns War And Human Progress, by John U. Nef, !Jarvard Un~­ of total destruction were becommg The Queen's Daughters: A Study of lowers of Christ and Mary wh o versity Press, Cambridge, Mass. $6.50. Reviewed by Mi- possible. And simultaneously, there Women Saints by C. C. Martin­ were foundresses of teaching and chael Harrington . was · a breakdown in belief, as a dale, S.J. Sheed & \\;ard, New nursing orders, and those engaged result of these advances and as an York. $3.00. Reviewed by BeUy in the missionary apostolate. If death is the means, death will be the end. . influence upori them. The material Bartelme. Among them are many of the great French women who spread their Irt the last hundred years, men have tortuously tried to evade and cultural basis of the twentieth On the dedication page of Father this truth. They have said that war century wars of annihilation had educational institutes abroad such Martindale's book appears a quota­ as Rose Philippine Duschesne and achieves an end to war, or four the growth of ·common European been laid. freedoms, or justice or peace. More Some argue tliat war makes for tion from the Holy Father exhort­ Anne-Marie Javouhey. There were, culture favorable to scientific dis­ as well, Mary Ward, the English­ subtly they have said that death cussion.'' The genius and source community by drawing' nations to­ ing women in this moment . of his­ itself is the cause of virtue, or the gether. The relations of the Unit­ tory to self-sacrifice, to heroisms. woman who endured such great of twentieth century advances are trials in establishing her schools, condition of scientific, intellectual rooted in the more or less peaceful ed States and Russia in the last ten The lives which follow are most and cultural progress. During those years demonstrates the falseness of the Americans, Mother Seton, and character of the nineteenth cen­ surely prime examples of the Mother Cornelia Connelly who suf­ hundred years-and during the tury. As Nef notes, "In its essen­ this position. Nef rightly points whole modern age-death has out that a breakdown in commu­ heights to which sanctity can ele­ fered agonies at the apostasy of tials, the industrial revolutio~ had her husband and his subsequent created death. nity, in the cultural and hum~i­ vate human nature, the tremendous been carried through before 1914. turning of two of their children In War and Human Progress, One of the conditions behind the tarian values which moderate kill­ effacement of self which these Professor John Nef of the Univer· ing, is the precondition of wa!-'. away from the Church, and the in­ remarkable technical progress that women attained to live more fully defatigable Mother Frances Ca­ sity of Chicago, has writ~en the Historical Corollaries maae the industrial revolution . in Christ. brini, so well.known and so much catastrophic history of this t~th possible was the •'great peace.' Professor Nef is well aware of in the ·modern age, from the six- · The annals of sainthood begin venerated in this country. From 1815 to 1914, peaceful re­ the corollaries of his historical sur­ I' have made no attempt in a 1;eenth to the twentieth century. quirements were of far greater vey of war and human progress. very early; one of the first Chris­ Industrial Progress tian martyrs was a young slave short review to list all those wom­ importance than military ones in Aggressive· war produces . no~hing en whom Father Martindale pre­ Probably the most cynical mis­ eliciting the ingenuity of inven- but death. Yet, "the only Justifica­ girl, Blandina, tortured and killed tatement of the relation of war and sents for study. Though pis book tors." tion for war is the defense of a by a wild bull in the arena at Ly­ is not a long one he manages to progress is peculiar to our own In the twentieth century, the time. We say that war, terrible as ons. Such savagery fills us with include such an array of saints breakdown of intellectual com­ that at ti.lnes the effect is bewilder­ it is, produces increased industr~­ horr~r but we find it over and over munity which resulted from war, ing. Someone said to me not long alization standardization, centrah­ acts against speculative progress. again during this era in .the lives, zation-~hat we carelessly identify ago . that there can never be too In the United States, for instance, or, more exactly, in the .the deaths much written about the saints, but as "progress." Werner Sombart, a the provisions of the McMahon Act German historian (and significant- ' of Sts. Felicitas and Perpetua, St. I am inclined to think that there on atomic security are such that can be too little written about too ly eventually a fascist), gave this some first-rank scientists have Dorothy, St. Cecelia, St. Agnes and thesis its scholarly presentation, a procession of other young wit­ many of them in one volume, and abandoned all militarily useful this I think is the chief criticism but it also resides in the popular areas of their study. nesses to Christ's teaching. wisdom, believing that the produc­ that can be made of The Queen's Economic Procresa Blood Bowed less freely. as Chris­ tion of atomic energy was a .pro­ Daughters. The panoramic view This same breakdown of com­ tianity spread out and the Church of the continuity of sanctity in the gress of the last war. Professor munity explains why we are so consolidated itself firmly. Never­ Nef's survey reveals that this asser­ history of the Church is excellently . prone to assign economic factors theless the saints who appeared conceived by· Father Martindale, tion whether in scholarly or mass culture worth defending, and the as the principal causes of war. It after the time of the perescutions but only a few of the presonalities for~. is without historical founda­ states of the modern world have were not spared suffering. The is to Nef's credit that he empha­ less and less to defend beyond are studied in such a manner as to tion. sizes that the use to which dis­ Cross, implicit in sanctity, was not Between 1494 and 1640 fapprox­ their material comforts . . . The leave a lasting · impression after coveries are put function according denied to one of them. St. Helena, one closes the book. Perhaps in a lmately the era of Religious War new weapons have made nonsense mother of Constantine, was buf­ to the values in a culture, ahd of defensive war. Peoples have sense it may be 8 salutary method on the Continent), "such construc­ interact upon economic causation feted steadily by the passions and of introduction to sainthood for un­ tive consequences as the Europeans been left without any means of de­ princely rivalries of the time in -dynamite was invented for min­ fending except by ~estroying doubtedly it has the tantalizing ef­ derived from military preparations ing, part of its profit was establish- which she lived. Paula, Marcella, fect of introducing further explora­ were ~ore j}1an offset by the eco­ Others and the destruction is al­ e d the mere Fabiola and other pa~rician women tion into certain lives, but on f.!ie nomic ~ -~ c . .. • · " This preparations and by war itself. does not explain why we use it to as na would doubtless ow as eep w Indeed it was precisely because kill and main. Father Romano Guardini guided and directed by St. Jerome lished in Etudes, some three years the omission of some of the names the Brltish Isles enjoyed relative The introduction of the bayonet lived a life of great austerity and un:ittended b)' biographical data, ago) in which he held that Russia intense study of the Scriptures. peace during this period that th~y into warfare actually moderated its and the United States were not and the author be more apt to produced an "early industrial ferocity because the humane valµes The French saints, Genevieve and elude the snare which he seeks to enemies, but united against the Clotilde cultivated virtue amid the revolution." This relation was at that time were repelled by hand­ common enemy, who is the very avoid- that of a catalogue of repeated during the age of limited to-mouth carnage. Napier, famous twoil ' of wars, and political names. warfare and the time preceeding for the logarithmic table, withheld responsibility of the human person clashes which marked the merging before existence. of the Gallic-Frankish cuture. On the other hand, the book modern man's most peaceful era, his discoveries of destructive And also, as a result of his real­ gives a truly sweeping picture -0f the 19th century. British isolation weapons. Newton and his contem­ Father Martindale designates as ization of the complex interdepen~­ the diversity of the saints, Queens, from the actual fighting of the poraries avoided applying their the Age of Mysticism the peri~d peasants, women of the aristocracy, ence of cultural . and economic immediately following the years m Napoleonic wars was one of the ]\nowledge to slaughter, partly be­ forces, Professor New cannot ac­ of the bourgeoisie, children of the causes of revolutionary industrial cause they were not overly inter­ which monasticism established it­ poor, all of them plunged pell-mell cept disa11mament as a co_!'Ilplete self throughout Europe. The names progress. ested in the practical, partly be- solution to the modern }>roblem. into the life of grace, heedless of Nef readily admits that there are cause they "believed in the revela­ of the women who were drawn to ~elf, severing themselves ruthless~y The moderation of warfare between Christ in this most ecstatic union progressive industrial aspects to tions of the Bibi~ and feared . . . 1660 and 1740 was the result of from the ties of the world. It is war, i.e. arms production in 18th the consequeqces of scientific are familiar ones. Three Eliza­ overwhelming, this sight of various spiritual elements penetrati.ng the beths of Schongau, Hungary and century France '1ead to increasing knowledge for purposes of destruc­ economic situation, not disarma­ kinds of women, som'e humble by industrialization. But he points out tion." Wilen the Dutch surren­ P'ortu'gal· four Catherines (Siena, ment. In realizing that the ho~e nature others autocratic and im­ that this advance is only effective dered at Breda in 1625, the Span­ Genoa, Bologna and Catherine de periou~. stormed by love and' su~­ of modern man is in · the renais­ Ricci), and St. Gertrude the Great­ in so much as the arms l\re pro- ish, who had besieged them for sance of conscience, he corrobo­ merged in it. Father Martindale is duced and not used. "Yet for an elevent months, allowed them to er are among the better known, not at his best in his general portrayal rates the analysis of the Holy to mentio~ St. Margaret of Cor• understanding of the eventual leave with full military honors, Father in his Christmas address. of sanctity glowing out lucid and triumph of industrial civilization, "the foot with flying colors, drums tona and Blessed Angela Foligno powerful; of his saints hard as Professor Nef insists that we whose prodigality of love re­ the more important matter is not beating, completely armed .. . No must not be millennial in the face diamonds, at once rapturous and the growth and administration of· soldier shall be detained. . . . '.' sembled that of the Magdalen. The eminently practical. of this problem, as the ninete~nth saint who perhaps arouses the large armies and navies, but rather There is no doubt that the llm­ \. century socialists and Kant~a~s deepest. regard among the mysti.cs the conditions which made· for ited warfare of the eighteenth cen­ were. we must not talk of ehmi­ limited warlare • . ." tucy was partly caused by economic is St. Catherine of Siena, ecstatic, nating war, or of making a heaven suffering bodily, living almost wit?­ . These assertions are provided factors. The development of a on earth. we must work for the LONG LONELINESS with scientific documentation by modern army which did not live off out food or sleep, yet engaged m (Continued from page 3) revitalization of cultur~ and com­ Professor Nef. By the use of the land, but which required the physical and mental activity to an of the influence which they had'on munity, for the lost conscience of almost unbelivable degree. Her productioµ figures, toll records, government to supply food, uni­ man which will make us capable of the formation of the Catholic tax rates and the like for data, he forms, standard weapons, etc., made writings, her life. of pain, the de­ Worker program. assi~ilating our technical advances. votion which she she exemplified is also able to revalue our notion the rulers hesitate. But this eco­ As a Catholic and an objector to There . are deseriptions of the of the industrial revolution. The nomic factor, aJ!d the interest of and which she aroused in others modern war, I personally fee~ tQ.at people who lived at the Worker 18th Century was economically the rising bourgeoisie in peace, serve to put her in the foreground this means that we must witn~ss of this cluster of amazing women. and influenced it arid left the im­ progressive, and though the exact must be understood in a cultural the theology of Christ the Kmg print of their personalities on it. quality of the revolution' was context which regarded war as the Two of the more interesting per­ and of the Mystical Body. There is t~e story of the con­ sudden change, it found its pre- result of sin. Nef writes,. '_'The We are indebted to Professor Nef ~ onalities whom Father Martindale ftict between the worker and the condition and source in the pre- combination of expanding mihta~y (and to the Harvard Press whose treats at length are Mme. Acarie scholar-the workers claiming that c;eding age. supplies with limitations upon their production of this book is to b_e who introduced the reformed Car­ the scholars did nothing to produce 1 Scientific Progress use in war was at the root of the complimented). One wo.nd_ers. if melites into France and Jeanne de the food to live on, the scholars ' This relationship-the practical improvement in the social position our age is capable of assimilatmg Chantal. The ·latter I found par­ demanding for a more intellectual ~ffect of 18th centw:y discovery in on the mercantile c.lasses on the his .thesis. For he has documented ticularly appealing. Her long as­ approach and propaganda. 19th century invention-leads to an Continent." The tnump~ of the sociation with St: Francis de Sales for us, with great brilliance a~d Important distinction concerning limited warfare of the eighteenth in her foundation of the Visitation The book was favorably reviewed insight, this fundamental, yet· dif­ in both the New York Times and scientific progress and war. Un- century was that "it provided the ficult truth: war is not the means order is of course a beautiful story doubtedly, World War II quickened intellectual, moral and cultural of two saints guiding one another, Herald Tribune Sunday Section, of ec'onomic advance, of scientific and an article on Dorothy and the the realization of atomic power foundations for ~he pheno1;11enal in­ but there is more. Her happy re­ progress, of cultural growt~ , or lations with her husband, her chil­ Worker appeared in Newsweek. (though, as Nef points out, the dustrial progress of the nineteenth even of defense. In modern times, dren, her long s~ruggle to put The readers of the Catholic form was a bomb which we should century." . war is the means of death . . hesitate to call progress but this War and Commumty aside the things of the world com­ Worker need no introduction to advance was mechanical, the result Modern war, then, is not the pletely in order to live more close­ the breadth an~ spiritual dept~ ?f of previously acomplished specula- product of a single factor. B.ut ly with God, the temptations which Dorothy's writing"; or to the v1VId tion. And in as much as war diverts certain elements do assum~ par~ic­ NOTICE she endured and which caused her ability which she has for describ­ theorists into engineering, its value War importan_ce. The ~enerahon Men's women's and children's to "live entirely on faith" without ing a history of people and ideas. as "scientific progress" is ambigu- of l870-1914 increased in popula­ warm clothing badly needed for consolation in the truths of r~ We have printed a part of one ous. tion by almost. as much as the gen­ distribution at . St. Joseph's ligion have a highly sympathetic chapter in this issue, and we take , During the late seventeenth and erations of time from Adam to House, 223 dirystie Street, New character. a family pride in calling the Loni' the eighteenth century, the moper­ 1650: by half a billion. Technolo­ York 2, N. Y. The latter part of The Queen's Loneliness to our readers' atten­ ation of warfare "contributed to gy, whose speculative source had Daughters is devoted to those fol- tion. .. ' Page Eight THE CATHOLIC WORKER February, 1952 CHR.YSTIE STREET Carthusian Progres~ In the family of religious in and we live by a regular rule­ By TOM SULLIVAN uary had a very interesting article America, the ancient o r d e r of which permits intense study in on what the imposition of the Loy- The outstanding event of Janu- plans to move in with some rela- alty oath at the University of Cali­ C¢husians is the newest member. quiet, frequent periods of recrea- tion, an excellently directed spirit­ ary along Christie street was the tives until she locates a place of fornia accomplished. It stated that Founded by St. Bruno in 1084, ual life with regular devotional pe- publication of Dorothy Day's most her own and a ·ob. If any of you the university lost more than one they have just arrived in the New riods dispersed through the day, recent book, "The Long Loneli- good readers in Buffalo are ab.le hundred scholars and were forced ness." Fritz Eichenberg, our good to help Mai;gie with a place to live to drop fifty-five courses for lack of World. and well-timed "conges" or hours friend and a great artist, illustrates or a job please get in touch with instructors. It also lost enormous Th's holy order has been holy off, all in all a most perfectly Dorothy's engrossing autobiogra- me. God knows it w'll be deeply prestige since over 1,000 members from the day st. Bruno collected balanced life for what we are pre- paring for. (We Americans are phy. appreciated by Margie and all the of the faculties of 40 other centers a little band of six men, high up taking special courses which they We are handling the sale of this rest of us. Margie was engaged in f 1 . d d th U f Catholic Worker activities back on ° earmng con emne e · o in the French Alps, to offer un- are going out of their way to give book as a convenience to our read- C.'s action on the oath. Twenty- sullied their bodies and souls in us-courses exclusively in French ers, since we assume that many Mott street to her marriage three illustrious learned societies readers will write in for it ten years ago. She is a very spe- denounced the imposition of the Praise, Sacrifice and Solitude to and Latin. But in other respects although you should be able to cial friend of ours and her chil- h d d d h t th . the Great Jehovah: Their record our life is like that of our con­ dren will melt the coldest heart. oat an recommen e t a err freres. ) pick up a copy at your local book- members refuse appointments. at in these virtues is matchless and .store. By our selling this book we This week Jim, Joan O'Gara and th U f C Th t' "The spirit of the place is ex- family moved to New York. Jim e . o . e ar ic 1e goes on will be a stimulus to every God- cellent. The kindness that they stand to realize a dollar and a quar- t o· t out that th~ ent1·re aff · 'oins the editorial staff at Com- 0 P m "' air fearing soul. As sh o u 1 d be ex- have. shown us Americans is al- ter on each sale. One purchaser J cam dange o sly close to destr informed us that she thought that monweal. He had been formerly e r u oy- pected, a Carthusian saying Mass most beyond telling. Each seems with the Chicago Catholic Worker, ing the very thing that it was sup- ·s most edifyi'ng. The rubri·cs are so full of good will and real love the standing price of three dollars posed to save 1 and fifty cents was high, we agreed. Today Magazine, The Call of Saint · those of Lyons in the. eleventh for his brother in and for Christ. But that is the amount set by the Jude and an instructor at Loyola Bargain century. st. Bruno loved thelll, The school has as its , a publishers, and we felt that we had University of Chicago. We are A vegetable peddler stops by our and they now constitute the Car- Franciscan, and he runs the place to go along. We felt ill at ease in happy about this indeed. As they house every week or so ._ Each time thusian rite, one of four rites in the true spirit of poverty. For the actual person to person trans- say in show bus.iness, the O'Gara he arrives he offers us a very spe- permitted in the Western Church. example, although we receive in- actions. However, this feeling dis- family has class. cial bargain. Having bee~ burnt a This most famous order frowns strui::tion, room, board, books, appeared when we di. scovere d th a t Anti-SeDll"tism couple of times by p'lrchasing food on publi city. of a 11 ki nds. But laundry and everything else, only thus far we have given away twice As a result of my mentioning that he is losing money on we have friends are now organized into a a small portion of the student the number that we have sold. If the problem of anti-semitism in taken to .giving him the cold look. society numbering over 2,000. They body pays anything. Most come this continues, we expect the pub- the last issue of the paJ>er, a frieq.d But he is persistent and is not to resort to only dignified publicity. from poor Canadian families. Yet lishers will soon be the owners of reader wrote a letter. He said that be dissuaded by our so-called Ever mindful that the days are no one is turned away because be our house and mortgaged farms. the Catholic Worker was greatly sale resistance'. gone when pious r o ya 1 t y and has no money for his tuition. On responsible· for his conversion to Last week he began by offering weaUhy Catholics founded Char- top of it all the Superior received Reviews the Catholic Church. However, he us four bags of potatoes at the terhouses, the society of Friends us Americans for nothing, because Today magazine and the Herald declared he h e s t it ate d on the give-away price of three dollars. of the in America aim our house in America cannot Tribune had some very nice things threshold when he discovered open We didn't bite. So he threw his at making these holy men known, really afford to support us here. to say about "The Long Loneli- anti-semitism on the part of some hands up and said to take them for also their way of life and the value You might wonder bow we live. ness"' in their recent issues. News- Catholics. He overcame this ob- two dollars. We shook· our head. of contemplation. St. Thomas re- By Providence. All our food (ex:­ week magazine did the same. The stacle when he remember.ed that He screamed and said take them minds us that the intrinsic cause cept milk) is given to us as we review in the Times book section we were not anti-semitic and that for nothing. That afternoon we had of all devotion is meditation. If need it-by local butchers, grocers, was Ukewise favorable. However, there must be others in the Church to dump three-quarters of the gift holiness is the result of devotion, farmers, etc. Some supply us with they stupidly referred to Peter who did not hold this prejudice. in the garbage can-they were rot- it behooves us to practice medita- gas we need for our truck. One . Maurin's back to the land ideas as we sighed at this man's stum- ten. tion. In this issue of the Catholic lady pays all the bread bills, etc. puerile. I also thought that the bling block. we thought again of Worker you will find a review of There are fifteen Sisters here who reviewer became elephantine when the terrible responsibility of ex- Le Masson's Treatise on Interior do the cooking and who wash our he attempted to use the book as a ample each one of us Catholics EASTERN RITE PraYer, recently translated from clothes. We ourselves spend a little sermon to the Communists for their have towards our fellow man. the French. It is the classic work time each day doing some chore f ngratitu d e to those i n t his. coun t ry Of course we realized that anti-