Crecimiento Del Caracol De Tinte Plicopurpura Pansa En Baja California Sur, México

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Crecimiento Del Caracol De Tinte Plicopurpura Pansa En Baja California Sur, México Ciencias Marinas (2003), 29(3): 283–290 Crecimiento del caracol de tinte Plicopurpura pansa en Baja California Sur, México Growth of the purple snail Plicopurpura pansa in Baja California Sur, Mexico Mauricio Ramírez-Rodríguez* Ludwig C.A. Naegel Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas Instituto Politécnico Nacional Apartado postal 592 La Paz, CP 23000, Baja California Sur, México *E-mail: [email protected] Recibido en marzo de 2002; aceptado en abril de 2003 Resumen Para estimar el crecimiento del caracol de tinte Plicopurpura pansa en el límite norte de su distribución geográfica, de 1999 a 2001 se efectuaron muestreos mensuales en dos playas al sur de la Península de Baja California, una en el Golfo de California y otra en la costa oeste de la península. Además, se realizaron experimentos de marcado y recaptura, y mantenimiento de individuos bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Los valores de la ecuación de crecimiento de von Bertalanffy, estimados a partir del análisis de frecuencias de tallas, fueron K = 0.17 y L∞ = 90 mm, y concuerdan con los derivados de los experimentos de marcado, pero son menores a los calculados en lugares más al sur en la costa del Pacífico mexicano. En condiciones de laboratorio los caracoles presentaron tasas de crecimiento muy bajas. Estos resultados deberán ser considerados en la construcción de modelos para evaluar la posibilidad de explotar o cultivar el caracol de tinte. Palabras clave: caracol de tinte, Plicopurpura pansa, crecimiento, México. Abstract To study the growth of the purple snail Plicopurpura pansa at the northern limit of its distribution, from 1999 to 2001 monthly random samples were obtained from two beaches in the southern part of the Baja California Peninsula (Mexico): one on the Gulf of California and the other on the west coast of the peninsula. Mark and recapture experiments, as well as laboratory rearing were also done. The von Bertalanffy growth equation parameters derived from length frequency data were K = 0.17 and L∞ = 90 mm, and agree with those estimated from the mark and recapture data, but are lower that those reported in the literature for P. pansa from the central and southern Mexican Pacific. Snails maintained under laboratory conditions had low growth rates. These results could be used to implement models for the assessment of purple snail fisheries. Key words: purple snail, Plicopurpura pansa, growth, Mexico. Introducción Introduction El caracol de tinte o púrpura de la familia Thaididae, The purple snail of the family Thaididae, Plicopurpura Plicopurpura pansa (Gould, 1853), habita en zonas rocosas pansa (Gould, 1853), inhabits the rocky intertidal zones of the intermareales del Pacífico Este, desde el sur de la Península de eastern Pacific, from the southern Baja California Peninsula, Baja California, México (Clench, 1947; Keen, 1971), hasta el Mexico (Clench, 1947; Keen, 1971), to northern Peru (Peña, norte de Perú (Peña, 1970; Paredes et al., 1999) incluyendo las 1970; Paredes et al., 1999), including the Galapagos Islands. Islas Galápagos. Este caracol produce un tinte color púrpura This snail produces a purple dye that has been used for centu- que, desde tiempos históricos, se usa en Centro América y ries in Central America and Mexico to dye cotton; the clothes México para teñir algodón; la ropa elaborada tiene alto valor made with this fabric have a high commercial value. The over- económico. La sobreexplotación de P. pansa entre 1529 y exploitation of P. pansa between 1529 and 1821 in Central 1821 en América Central tuvo un impacto drástico en la dismi- America led to a drastic reduction in population. A similar nución de la población. Algo similar sucedió varios siglos situation occurred several centuries ago in the Mediterranean, antes en el Mediterráneo, con caracoles del género Murex with snails of the genus Murex (Turok and Acevedo, 2000), (Turok y Acevedo, 2000), y recientemente en el estado de and more recently in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico (Turok et al., Oaxaca, México (Turok et al., 1988), por lo que desde 1988 el 1988). As a result, the Mexican government banned the 283 Ciencias Marinas, Vol. 29, No. 3, 2003 gobierno de México prohibió la explotación comercial de commercial exploitation of P. pansa in 1988 (Diario Oficial, P. pansa (Diario Oficial, 1988). Sin embargo, se han elaborado 1988); however, to try to preserve this indigenous dye tradi- propuestas para reiniciar su explotación, manteniendo la tion, measures have now been proposed for the sustainable tradición indígena bajo el concepto de manejo sustentable exploitation of this resource (Turok and Acevedo, 2000). (Turok y Acevedo, 2000). Thus, to be able to define possible exploitation strategies, it En este contexto, el estudio del crecimiento de P. pansa es is important to study the growth of P. pansa. Several studies importante para la definición de posibles estrategias de explo- conducted along the central and southern coasts of the Mexican tación. Al respecto hay varios estudios en la costa central y sur Pacific register the slow growth rate of this species (Turok et del Pacífico mexicano que señalan el lento crecimiento de la al., 1988; Acevedo et al., 1990; Fonseca-Madrigal, 1998; especie (Turok et al., 1988; Acevedo et al. 1990; Fonseca- Michel-Morfín et al., 2000). The objective of the present work Madrigal, 1998; Michel-Morfín et al., 2000). En el presente is to analyze the growth of P. pansa on the coasts of Baja trabajo se analiza el crecimiento de P. pansa en las costas de California Sur, Mexico, in the northern part of its geographic Baja California Sur, México, en la frontera norte de su distribu- distribution, at two localities with different environmental ción geográfica, considerando dos localidades de estudio conditions. afectadas por condiciones ambientales diferentes. Material and methods Material y métodos The growth of P. pansa was determined based on length El estudio del crecimiento de P. pansa se basó en el análisis frequency data, and on the results of mark and recapture de frecuencias de longitudes, y en resultados de experimentos experiments, as well as laboratory rearing. de captura marcado y recaptura, y del seguimiento de indivi- Monthly samples were obtained between October 1999 and duos mantenidos bajo condiciones de cultivo en laboratorio. December 2001 from the beaches of Cerritos (23º19′54″ N, En el primer caso los datos se recolectaron de octubre de 110º10′38″ W), on the west coast of the Baja California 1999 a diciembre de 2001, en muestreos mensuales en la playa Peninsula, and Punta Perico (24º01′54″Ν, 109º48′21″ W), on de Cerritos, en la costa occidental de la Península de Baja the east coast of the peninsula (fig. 1). These beaches are cha- California (23º19′54″ N, 110º10′38″ W) y en la de Punta racterized by rocks with fissures and cavities, caverns, pools, Perico (24º01′54″Ν, 109º48′21″ W), en la costa oriental de la cliffs and accumulated rocks, which are exposed to the waves. península (fig. 1). Estas playas se caracterizan por presentar At both sites the tide is mixed semi-diurnal, but at Punta Perico rocas con grietas y oquedades, cavernas, pozas y plegamientos the wave action is less intense and the difference between high escarpados, y piedras acumuladas que son embestidas por el and low tide is smaller. oleaje. En ambas localidades la marea es mixta semidiurna, The snails were collected by hand from the mesolittoral pero en Punta Perico las condiciones de oleaje y la diferencia and supralittoral zones of protected and shaded locations entre marea alta y baja son menores. that are moistened by the spray of the waves. The samplings Cada muestreo se efectuó bajo condiciones de marea baja, were carried out at random during low tide, using 2-m-wide recolectando manualmente todos los individuos presentes en la franja mesolitoral y supralitoral, en zonas humedecidas por salpicaduras del oleaje pero protegidas y preferentemente sombreadas. El sistema de muestreo corresponde a uno simple 32° G al azar por transectos de 2 m de ancho por 50 m de largo. o l fo Dadas las características de la línea de costa, en Punta Perico d e 28° 2 2 C se cubrió un área de 250 m y en Cerritos una de 800 m . Cada a li fo individuo se midió con un calibrador vernier (precisión de r n 24° 0.01 mm) desde el ápice hasta el extremo del canal sifonal. El ia O La Paz análisis se basó en el método ELEFAN I (Pauly, 1984) c 114° 110° éa n Punta o Peri incluido en el programa FiSAT (Gayanilo et al., 1996), que P co a facilita la estimación de los parámetros de la ecuación de ci fic crecimiento de von Bertalanffy: o Cerritos []()() Lt = L∞ 1 – exp –Kt– t0 donde L∞ es la longitud asintótica, K el coeficiente de crecimiento y t la edad a la que la longitud es cero. Para 0 Figura 1. Localización de Cerritos y Punta Perico en las costas de la comparar el crecimiento en las dos localidades se calculó el Península de Baja California, México. ∅′ índice de patrón de crecimiento ( = log10 K + 2 log10 L∞) Figure 1. Location of Cerritos and Punta Perico on the coasts of the Baja (Pauly y Munro, 1984). California Peninsula, Mexico. 284 Ramírez-Rodríguez y Naegel: Crecimiento de Plicopurpura pansa en Baja California Sur Con el fin de estimar las constantes del modelo que and 50-m-long transects. Given the characteristics of the relaciona el peso W y la longitud L (W = aLb) (Sparre y coastline, an area of 250 m2 was covered at Punta Perico and of Venema, 1995) de los individuos en cada muestra, de cada mes 800 m2 at Cerritos. Each specimen was measured with a se eligieron al azar 30 ejemplares que se conservaron en formol vernier caliper (0.01-mm precision) from the apex to the end of al 10%.
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