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EFFECT of BIODIESEL BLENDS and NANO-PARTICLES on ENGINE PERFORMANCE 1Dr

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EFFECT of BIODIESEL BLENDS and NANO-PARTICLES on ENGINE PERFORMANCE 1Dr EFFECT OF BIODIESEL BLENDS AND NANO-PARTICLES ON ENGINE PERFORMANCE 1Dr. A.K.S. Ansari, 2 Dr. Karthikeyan P, 3 Mrs. J. Sudhapallavi, 4 Mr. J. Chandrasekhar 1Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Malla Reddy College of Engineering, Sec-100 2Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malla Reddy College of Engineering, Sec-100 3Asst. Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malla Reddy College of Engineering, Sec-100 4Asst. Professor,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malla Reddy College of Engineering, Sec-100 Performance Abstract- Nanofluids are new kind of colloidal solutions with particle size smaller than one billionth of a meter (1-100 nm) 1. INTRODUCTION suspended in base fluid to enhance The diesel engine is one of the preferred prime thermophysical properties of diesel. They are movers in all the application which are designed used in number of commercial applications to run with diesel fuel. Combustion of diesel fuel like engineering, medical sciences, is one of the major sources of greenhouse gas biotechnology, agriculture, transportation emission to the atmosphere resulting in severe etc. Recently few experimental works using environmental problems like global warming nanosized metallic, non-metallic, organic and and unnatural climate change. Biodiesel has mixed particles in base liquid fuel for diesel gained popularity as replacement for diesel fuel engine have been widely used. The results are due to their advantageous properties i.e. effective due to enhancement in thermo biodegradable, non-toxic, eco-friendly, sulphur physical and chemical properties of modified free, higher oxygen content, etc. and these fuels fuel. Despite having all superiorities, can be used in the same diesel engine with little somewhat unclear and contradictory results or no engine modification [1-2]. It also has the are found in literature. Experimental results potential to reduce the engine exhaust emission of di erent researchers are not generalized so such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon-di-oxide far as to reach at common consensus about (CO2), hydrocarbons (HC), particulate matters this ffnew approach of fuel modification. (PM) and smoke. Usage of renewable energy has Keeping all these facts in mind, an attempt is not been limited to study of Biofuels only. made to summarize the important published Renewable source of energy like solar energy work on combustion and stability aspects of has found its application in many fields. Kumar nanoparticle laden diesel, biodiesel fuels and and Prasad [3-5] has used three sides instead of their blends, and its e ects on fuel and engine one side roughened solar duct & found that overall characteristics with the objective to augmentation in Nu & f was respectively to be provide a pathwayff to conduct further 21-86 % & 11-41 %. They also reported research in this area for utilizing maximum augmentation in thermal efficiency of three sides potential of nanoparticle fuel emulsion over one side roughened duct to be 44-56 % for technology and to provide a promising future varying p/e and 39-51 % for varying e/Dh. fuel for diesel engine. Kumar 2018 derived correlations for Nusselt Keywords: Nanoparticles: Diesel; number and friction factor applicable for three Biodiesel; Emission; Combustion; Stability; sides dimple roughened solar duct and studied ISSN (PRINT): 2393-8374, (ONLINE): 2394-0697, VOLUME-5, ISSUE-1, 2018 DOI: 10.21276/ijcesr.2018.5.1.39 234 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR) the effects of three sides concave dimple large agglomeration, etc. occurs which requires geometry on artificially roughened solar air longer burning time due to slow combustion heaters [6-8]. rates including prolonged ignition delays. 1.1 Nano particles as fuel additive Nanofluid fuels are exceptionally suitable fuel Despite having many advantages, diesel for engine and may find its commercial engine is known to emit large quantity of application in near future. Despite this fact, a pollutants (NOx, CO2, CO, VOCs, soot, PM, limited number of studies are available in public acrolien and formaldehyde) which causes domain. An attempt has been made to serious health and environmental degradation consolidate the research findings on the above [9]. According to the IEA (International Energy issues with the objective to make significant Agency) the global energy demand is expected contribution towards fundamental understanding to increased by 53% by 2030 [10]. Modifications of combustion and stability aspects of various of fuels by using energetic nano particle as nanoparticles inclusion with diesel and biodiesel additives, i.e. Nano fuels, are broadly adopted by fuels and its e ect on overall diesel engine many researchers to improve the performance characteristics. with reduction in NOx emission of diesel engine. 2. RECENT CHANGESff IN NANOFLUID Several researchers have found that nanoparticle FUELS inclusion shows better properties over micron Nanofluid fuels refer to fuels derived from size particles such as availability of high reactive nanoparticles inclusion which originated from surface area responsible for more complete di erent sources such as metal oxides, non combustion due to reduction in ignition delays organic materials, ferro material and carbon [11-12]. Berner et al. [13] indicated that use of nanotubes.ff With continuous improvement in nanoparticle helps in e ective mixing of nanoparticle synthesis and preparation method components and providing close contact possibilities of producing various nanofluid fuels between them, which facilitatesff di usion of from di erent nano- particles are explored. reactants to the surface and increase their Diesel combustion emits harmful pollutants reactivity. Jones et al. [14] investigatedff the which ffare responsible for environmental combustion behavior of nanoscale metal and degradation as well as human health. Biodiesel is metal oxide particles of aluminum (n-Al and considered as viable alternative to diesel. n-Al2O3) in ethanol. They concluded that during Recently in di erent combustion studies it was combustion of a stable suspension of n-Al in found that like hydrocarbon fuel combustion, ethanol, amount of heat released increases metal particlesff when oxidized releasing large almost linearly with n-Al concentration, but that amount of heat, which are even quiet higher than trend was observed only when n-Al diesel, biodiesel fuels. Beside these, some concentration was kept above 3%. Guru et al. researchers have attempted to use nanofluid fuels [15-16] observed that diesel blended with directly in diesel engine to improve ignition and magnesia additives shows appreciable reduction combustion properties of conventional diesel in flash point, viscosity, freezing point and and biodiesels fuel and also investigated its pollutant emissions. Many researchers have overall e ect on engine characteristics [19-20]. attempted to explore the combustion, ignition Though di erent nanometallic particles have and vaporization characteristics of liquid fuel been proposedff (Fe, Al, B etc.) as an additive to embedded with various micro and nanoscale various hydrocarbonff fuels and biofuels for particles [17], while others have focused their combustion in conventional engines, few direct studies on performance and pollution emissions combustion studies of nanomaterials have been [18]. Initial studies were conducted with micron performed for evaluating the magnitude of heat size metal additives like aluminum (AL), carbon released by them. Few metal particles like boron (C), boron (B) etc to explore the burning due to their high vaporization temperature characteristics of slurry droplets with a high require addition of iron and aluminum particles particle loading (40–80%). It was found that few which due to its early ignition would rapidly problem like rapid settlement, poor stability and increase the temperature and facilities the ISSN (PRINT): 2393-8374, (ONLINE): 2394-0697, VOLUME-5, ISSUE-1, 2018 DOI: 10.21276/ijcesr.2018.5.1.39 235 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR) combustion of conventional boron particles Risha et al. [29] have investigated the [21-22]. Recently researchers are attempting to combustion behavior of nanoaluminum with use combination of di erent nanoparticles like water and without any gelling agent for di erent cerium oxide-zirconium dioxide nanoparticle operating pressure, mixture composition and (CeO2-ZrO2), carbonff nanotubes-ceria particle size and reported that n-Al waterff quasi (CNT-ceria), samarium-doped ceria (SDC) homogenous mixture ignited with linear burning mixed with hydrocarbon fuel as a novel fuel for rates. Dreizin et al. [30-33] performed lot of use in diesel engine [23]. Researchers are trying research work on nanoscale Al combustion in to produce such nanofluid fuels which should be presence of air and oxygen environment during stable and having long shelf life during storage, combustion aimed to explore phenomenon of having minimum negative health impact and micro explosion and variation in speed of should be technically as well as economically burning droplets at nanoscale metal combustion. viable for use in commercial applications. Parr et al. [34] in their experimental work on n-Al with post combustion gases of 3. COMBUSTION ASPECTS OF H2/O2/argon di usion flame to investigate the NANOPARTICLE LADEN FUEL ignition temperatures and burning times at Due to some desirable combustion feature as stoichiometric mixtureff ratio found that above 10 high
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