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Invertebrados Bentónicos En El Marargentino: Estado Facultad

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Invertebrados Bentónicos En El Marargentino: Estado Facultad Invertebrados bentónicos en el Mar Argentino: estado actual de conocimiento, riqueza específica y patrones de distribución. Item Type Thesis/Dissertation Authors Souto, V. Publisher Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Download date 06/10/2021 19:42:51 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/6803 Autorización para Publicar en un E-Repositorio de Acceso Abierto Apellido y nombres: SOUTO, Valeria Soledad . DNI: Correo electrónico: [email protected] AUTORIZO por la presente a la Biblioteca y Servicio de Documentación INIDEP a publicar en texto completo el trabajo final de Tesis de mi autoría que se detalla, permitiendo la consulta de la misma por Internet, así como la entrega por Biblioteca de copias unitarios a los usuarios que lo soliciten con fines de investigación y estudio. ' Título del trabajo: "Invertebrados bentónicos en el MarArgentino: estado actual de conocimiento, riqueza específica y patrones de distribución." Año: 2015 Título y/o grado que opta: Tesis (doctorado) Facultad: Universidad Nacional de Mardel Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. l Firma: Id _""""7~.."~-~ . -- ""~-s~ Fecha: CJ '1 ck At. ')í i L el.\( .J...O ~ S 1: OceanDocs: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/ UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE MAR DEL PLATA Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Invertebrados bentónicos en el Mar Argentino: estado actual de conocimiento, riqueza específica y patrones de distribución TESIS PRESENTADA PARA OPTAR AL TÍTULO DE DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE MAR DEL PLATA Valeria S. Souto Directora: Dra. Claudia S. Bremec Co-Director: Dr. Gabriel N. Genzano Lugar de trabajo: Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP) 2014 A mi hija Juana ÍNDICE Resumen 1 Abstract 3 Agradecimientos 5 Capítulo 1: Introducción General 7 Antecedentes 9 Objetivos 19 Referencias bibliográficas 20 Capítulo 2: Materiales y Métodos 27 Área de estudio 29 Base de datos 36 Análisis de los datos 37 Referencias bibliográficas 41 Capítulo 3: Estado actual del conocimiento y patrones de distribución de 47 Hidrozoos en el Atlántico Sudoccidental entre los 34º y 56º S. Introducción 49 Materiales y Métodos particulares 52 Resultados 52 Referencias bibliográficas 73 Capítulo 4: Estado actual del conocimiento y patrones de distribución de 77 Poliquetos en el Atlántico Sudoccidental entre los 34º y 56º S. Introducción 79 Materiales y Métodos particulares 82 Resultados 83 Referencias bibliográficas 101 Capítulo 5: Estado actual del conocimiento y patrones de distribución de 109 Crustáceos Decápodos en el Atlántico Sudoccidental entre los 34º y 56º S. Introducción 111 Materiales y Métodos particulares 114 Resultados 114 Referencias bibliográficas 135 Capítulo 6: Estado actual del conocimiento y patrones de distribución de 143 Equinodermos en el Atlántico Sudoccidental entre los 34º y 56º S. Introducción 145 Materiales y Métodos particulares 148 Resultados 148 Referencias bibliográficas 167 Capítulo 7: Discusión general y consideraciones finales 175 Discusión general 177 Consideraciones finales 205 Referencias bibliográficas 207 Apéndice 221 Resumen _________________________________________________________________________ Invertebrados bentónicos en el Mar Argentino: estado actual de conocimiento, riqueza específica y patrones de distribución La evaluación de biodiversidad es importante para la comprensión de los patrones ecológicos de distribución de especies, para comprender el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas y para la gestión sobre el uso de los recursos y conservación. El objetivo de esta tesis fue recopilar y analizar la información histórica sobre riqueza específica de hidrozoos, poliquetos, crustáceos decápodos y equinodermos en el Atlántico Sudoccidental entre los 34º y 56º S, a fin de sintetizar el estado de conocimiento actual, identificar patrones de distribución y poner a prueba la validez del esquema zoogeográfico establecido para el área de estudio. Se utilizaron análisis multivariados para analizar cambios en la riqueza y composición específica a través de gradientes latitudinales y batimétricos, así como también para reconocer y diferenciar las asociaciones existentes. La riqueza de especies registrada fue elevada para todos los grupos y en todos los casos un cierto número de especies fueron consideradas de validez o registro dudoso, producto de la discontinuidad espacio-temporal de sus registros. La riqueza en equinodermos y poliquetos se incrementa significativamente hacia latitudes mayores, lo cual podría estar relacionando con la alta diversidad de dichos grupos en la Región Antártica. Para los hidroides dicha correlación no fue significativa. Sin embargo, se identificaron áreas donde la riqueza presenta picos importantes que parecerían estar relacionados con la presencia de fondos y sustratos adecuados para su exitoso asentamiento. Los crustáceos decápodos no exhibieron ningún tipo de patrón en relación a la latitud. No obstante, otros autores han citado para este grupo un patrón de disminución en la riqueza de especies hacia latitudes altas. Se confirmó con los cuatro grupos estudiados, el esquema biogeográfico establecido para el área de estudio, distinguiendo dos conjuntos faunísticos bien diferenciados: Provincia Magallánica y Provincia Argentina. Los resultados indican que la Provincia Argentina incluiría al Golfo San Jorge (45º- 47º S). 1 ___________________________________________________________________________ Abstract _________________________________________________________________________ Benthic invertebrates in the Argentine Sea: current state of knowledge, species richness and distribution patterns The assessment of biodiversity is important to understand the ecological patterns of species distribution as well as the functioning of ecosystems, and to manage the use of marine resources and conservation. The aim of this thesis was to compile and analyse available historical information on hydroids, polychaetes, decapod crustaceans and echinoderms in the South western Atlantic Ocean, between 34º and 56º S, in order to make a synthesis of present taxonomical knowledge, to identify patterns of geographical distribution assemblages and to test the validity of the current zoogeographic scheme established for the study area. Multivariate analysis was used to analyse the faunal composition through latitudinal and bathymetric gradients as well as for identifing different associations of benthic invertebrates. The species richness recorded was high for all groups and in all cases a certain number of species was considered of doubtful validity, consequence of the spatial-temporal discontinuity of their records. The species richness in echinoderms and polychaetes increases significantly towards higher latitudes, which could be related with the high diversity of these groups in the Antarctic Region. This correlation was not significant for hydroids, however, areas where the richness reached high values that could be related to the presence of suitable substrates for their successful settlement were identified. Decapod crustaceans did not exhibit any pattern in relation to latitude. Though, a pattern of decline in species richness at high latitudes has been cited for this group. The results confirmed the existence of two faunal associations that correspond to the traditional zoogeographic scheme established for the Argentine Sea: the Argentinean and Magellan Provinces. The results also indicate that the Argentinean Province includes San Jorge Gulf (45º - 47° S). 3 _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ Agradecimientos A mis directores, Claudia y Gabriel, quienes me dieron la posibilidad de realizar un doctorado. Me guiaron y acompañaron desde lo académico y humano a lo largo del difícil proceso que conlleva desarrollar una tesis doctoral y con sus comentarios críticos y constructivos lograron que este trabajo arribe a buen puerto. Al Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) por otorgarme las becas para comenzar y concluir esta tesis. Al Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP) por permitirme desarrollar esta tesis en sus instalaciones. A mis compañeros del Laboratorio de Bentos del INIDEP en quienes encontré la mejor predisposición para resolver consultas e inquietudes que se presentaron durante este largo camino, así como también un consejo o una palabra de aliento, importantes para no perder el rumbo, ni aflojar. Al doctor Enrique Boschi y al señor José Swidzinski por digitalizar y facilitarme gran parte de la información utilizada para la confección de la base de datos histórica de crustáceos decápodos. A Carlos Guerrero por su gran ayuda con los programas de diseño, compaginación e impresión de la tesis. A los doctores Rodolfo Elías, Diego Giberto y Julio Vinuesa por aceptar evaluar mi trabajo, por el tiempo dedicado en dicha tarea y principalmente por los aportes significativos para la versión final de la tesis presentada. A Mariana, Paula, Paola y Carla, hermosas personas que conocí durante esta etapa, primero como compañeras de trabajo, y que luego, por el cariño, la compañía y la contención que hallé en ellas, así como también por la ayuda recibida en muchas oportunidades, hoy las considero muy buenas amigas. 5 _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ A mi mamá y a mi papá
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