Hydrography of Virginia

VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND IMMIGRATION

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF VIRGINIA

THOMAS L. WATSON. Groroctsr rr Cnencr

GEOLOGICAL SERIES, BULLETIN NO. III

HYDROGRAPHY OF VIRGINIA

N. C. GROVER

ASSISTANT CHIEF HYDROGRAPHER, U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

AND

R. H BOLSTER \ ASSISTANT ENGINEER, U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVE1

PUBLISHED BY BOARD OF AGRICULTURE AND IMMIGRATION . r ooo

THE BOARDS OF CONTROL OF THE SURVEY.

VIRGIMA STATE BOARD OF'AGRICULTURE AND IMMICRATION.

C. W. HEATER, Pnosronur...... ,.Ihopr,prown J. H. C. BEVERLEY. ...CneNcn A. O. MAUCK ...... Yonrrowrv JULIAN M. RUX'FIN...... Oro Csuncu J. TIIOMAS GOODE...... Srrpwrrn J. lI. BARKER...... Axron J. T. COWAN ..Cower's tr{rr,r,s WM. II. EGGBORN...... Eceronxvrr,Ln JAMES R. GOOD\YIN ...... Eccr,rsrorr W. B. LEECH .O-croer,E J. M. trIcBRYDE, Mtunrn Ex-ornrcro...... Br,ecrseunc

BOARD OF VISITORS, VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE.

J. TIIOMPSON BROWN, Rrcron. ..,BRrrRFrELr' J. C. CARRINGTON...... Cnenr-ortn WYNDHAII B. ROBERTSON...... Pr,,rsrrnco J. B. WATKINS...... Her,r,ssono B.B. BROCKENBROUGH...... T.c.ppenANNocK D. NI. CLOYD . .DusLri\T J. S. MUSGRAYE...... PtNopor,rs J. F. RYAN. ...Ancor,e J. D. EGGLESTON, Jn., Supr. Pusr,rc Irsrnucrror, Mlunrn Ex-onucro..RtcEMoND C. W. HEATER, Pnr:smnrvn Roeno or ArJnrcur,runn, Mrrtnnn Ex-orrtcro .Ilnor,nrolyu COIYTEIYTS.

Pecn :: :: :::::: : II ill5jfl:,"l;#-r ::::::::::I: :: : :: : Field methods. '" "':' 8 Offce methods Dennitions...... :...:..:.::::.:::.:.:.:::...:::...:..::.:...::: ,l Explanation of tables.. tl Potomac River drainage basin... 12 Description of basin.. Iz Potomac River at Point of Rocks, Md.. 16 Shenandoah River at Millville, W'. Va. . gB Shenandoah River (South Branch) near Front Royal, Va. 50 South River at Basic, Va.. . . . 6t South River at Port Republic, Va.. 62 Lewis Creek near Staunton, va.. . .. 69 North River at Port Republic, Va.. . . . TO Cooks Creek at Mount Crawford, Va...... 77 Elk Run at Elkton, Va.. .. . Tg . Hawksbill Cbeek near Luray, Va...... gl titrenandoa,h River (North Branch) near Riverton, Va. . . . . g3 James River drainage basin .. . 94 Description of basin.. 94 James River at Buchanan, Va.. . . . 102 North (of James) River at Glasgow, Va. . . . . f lg James River at Holcomb Rock, Va.. lgg James River at Cartersyille, Va...... 142 Appomattox River at Mattoax, Va.. . . . 152 Roanoke River drainage basin. 163 Description of basin.. 163 Roanoke River at Roanoke, Va..... 167 Roanoke River at Randolph, Va..... 182 Roanoke River above junction with Dan River af Clarksville, Va...... 193 Dan River at South Boston, Va...... r97 I)an River at Clarksville, Va. . . . . 207 Banister River at flouston, va. . .. . 2to New River drainage basin.. . 2r3 Description of basin.. 2t3 New River near Oldtown, Va.. . . . 2r3 New River at Radford, Va. .. . . 2t7 Discussion of Precipitation and Run-off Compa,risons. 229 Lisi of Rairfall Stations in Virginia. 231 List of Rainfall Stations in potomac Drainage in Marylancl and West Virginia. 233 ILLUSTRATIONS.

Pr,ern pecn I. \Discharge, mean velocity, and area curves for James River at Cartersville, Ya.... . 10 n. Drainage map of Virginia, showing gaging and rainfall stations. . . . 12 tII. Plan and profile of Potomac River frorn Georgetown, D. C., to Williamsport, Md..... 74 i\I. Plan and profile of Potomac River from Williamsport, Md., to Cumberland,Md..... 14 V. Profile of Shenandoah River from Harpers Ferry to port Repub- Iic, Va. . 16 VL Profile of James River from Richmond, Va., to Clifton Forge, va., and North River below Lexington, Va...... 94 VII. o. Devils Steps dam on North (of James) River... 96 b. Buena Vista electric plant on North (of James) R.iver. 96 VIII. Plan and profile of Roanoke River from Weldon, N. C., to Roan- oke, Va. 164 IX. Profile of Roanoke River from \4-eldon, N. C., to Green Hill Ferry, Ya..... 166 X. Profile of Roanoke River from Green Hill Ferry to Roanoke, Va. . . . 166 Ftounn l. Plan of South Branch of Shenandoah River from port Republic to Riverton, Va. 15 LETTER OF TRAI{SMITTAL.

To the ll[embers of the Viroinia Boa,rd, of Agri,culture and,Im,migra- tion, and, the Boo,rd, of Yisitors of ilte Yirgi,nia Polgtechnic Inst'itute:

Gentlemen:-I have the honor to submit herewith a report on the Ifydrography of \rirginia, prepared by N. C. Grover and R. H. Bo ster, of the U. S. Geo ogical Survev, in co-operation with the Vlr- ginia Geological Survery I and to request ihat it be published as Volume III of the Geological Series of the \rirginia Surr.ey. Respectfully, TIIOMAS L. WATSON, Blacksburg, Ya., March 15, 1906. Geologi.st in Charge. HYDROGRAPHY OF VIRGINIA.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

The following compilation of hydrographic data for Virginia is the result of co-operation during 1905 between the United States Geolog- ical Survey and the Geological Survey of Virginia. It has been made possible at this time, hor,vever, by former work of the United States Geological Survey, rvhich has {or the past ten years main- tained a number of gaging stations and collected mueh information eoncerning river stage and discharge. Other sources of information have been consulted and used {reely, and it is believed, that the most valuable data in regard to river flow, rainfall, profiles, etc., har.e been included. Acknowledgment should be made to the tI. S. Weather Bureau for rainfall data and for certajn records of river stages as indicated in the text I to the Chief of Engineers of the If. S. Arrny for profiles and elevations along certain portions of the Roanoke and Potornac Rivers I to the Tidevrater Railroad Company for elevations along the Roanoke River; to'the Hydrographers of the LT. S. Geological Surwey. under r.vhose direction the greater part of the data in this report was collected; and to Professor D. C. Humphreys, of, the Washington and Lee tfniversity, rvho represented the U. S. Geologi.. cal Sun ey in Yirginia prior to 1902.

TOPOCRAPHY OF THE AREA.

Virginia lies on the Atlantic seaboard, between latitudes 36o 40' and 39o 30', north, and longitudes 75" and 84" west, and comprises an area of 42,450 square miles, of which about 2,300 square miles is water surfaee included in landlocked bays, harbors and rivers. Its boundary is verl' irregular exeept on the south, where it nearly eoincides I'ith a parallel of latitude. ITYDROGIiAP}IY OT' VIRGINIA.

Within its borders lie the headwaters of a number of prominent rivers of the Middle, South Atlantic, and South Central States. The drainage map of Yirginia, Plate II, brings out clearly the influential character o{ these drainage basins. The importance of the region has iong been appreciated, and much work has been done by various government bureaus and by private parties in studying phases of its hydrography and hyclrology. The State comprises part or all of the following drainage basinsr- Potomac, Minor Chesapeake, Minor Southern Atlantic, James, Cho- wan,. and Roanokg which enter the Atlantic Ocean, and the Ohio River drainage, which enters the Bastern Mississippi River. The Minor Chesapeake Bay, Minor Southern Atlantic Ocean, and Cho- wan River drainages comprise most of the eastern part of the State, which is low and flat, and has but few power possibilities. Practi- cally no hydrographic r,vork has been done in these basins. The other basins cornprise the mountainous area of the Statg and are each of considerable importance as power streams, and on each a eonsider- able amount of hydrographic information has been collected, as given in the following pages. The principal watershed of the State is formed by the Blue Ridge of the Appalachian llountains and extends from llarpers Ferry in a southwesterly direction across the State. \Yest of and parallel to this range, and eontaining sti11 higher summits, are the Shenandoah Mountains, while still farther west are the Alleghanies. The Blue Ridge is pierced near the northern border of the State by Potornac Rir,-er at llarpers Ferry, and within the State by James River at Balcony Tall.s near Glasgow, and by Roanoke River near Stewartsville. The Shenandoah }lountains are pierced at three points by tributaries of the James: by Jackson River at Iron Gate near Clifton Forge, by Cou.pasture River a few miles north of Clif- ton Forge, and by North River near Panther. The Alleghany Mountains are pierced by Nerv River near the rvestern border o{ the State at the Narrows. The highest altitudes are found near the southern boundary, where Rogers Mountain, the highest point in the State, has an elevation of 5,719 feet. Only one other summit in the Statg White Top Ridge (5,530 feet), has an elevation over 5,000 feet. Five peaks, however, reaeh altitudos between 4,500 ancl 5,000 feet, and sevon- teen are between 4,000 and 4,500 feet high. West of the Blue Ridge the eountry is broken by sharp mountain ridges, trending uenerally northeast and southwest, dividecl by valleys whieh in the northern part are drained by tributaries of the '1'OPOC+ITAPI{Y O!' TIIE AIiEA,

Potomac River, flowing northeastward, and in the southern part by New River and its tributaries, whose rvaters flow through the Great Kanawha into Ohio River. The extreme southwestern part of the State is drained by tributaries of the Big Sandy, IfoLston, and Clinch Rivers. The topography of all of this section of the country is exceed- ingly rough, and the rivers flow through valleys having steep side sropes. Iast of the Blue Ridge there is a gradual descent from the mountains through the hilly section of central Virginia to the Coastal Plain, the rvestern boundary of which is formed by what is called the "fall liner" the narrow zone where the granitic rocks pass below tide level. Over this "fall line" the streams pass in a succession of rapids formed by ledges of hard rock in the stream beds. It is crossed by the Potomac at Georgetor,vn, by the Rappahannoek at Fredericksburg, and by the James at Richmond. The rivers within the Coastal Plain are generally tidal, with low velocities. rn the southeastern corner of the state is the Great Dis- mal Srvamp, the highest point of which is about 22 feet above sea level. Within the swamp is Drummond Lake, which has an area of about 5 square miles ancl forms the only fresh-water surface of considerable size in VirEinia. The following table, taken from Gannett,s Gazetteer of Virginia, shows the distribution of altitudes -ivithin the State:

Are.as ,in Virqini,a at d,ifferent alti,tud,es. Feet. Sq. mi. 0to 100..... 9,700 100 to 500.. . . 10,500 500 to I ,000. ... 5,950 1 ,000 to I ,500. . 4,700 1 ,500 to 2,000. . 4.200 2,000 to 3 ,000. . 6,800 3 ,000 to 4.000 600

Virginia was originally forested over nearly all its area, but the amount of available timber now remaining is comparatively small. \ro estimate of it has, however, been made. Rainfall within the state is fairly well distributed throughout the year, and ranges from'40 to G0 inehes annually. Most of the region east of the Blue Ridge has an annual rainfall between 45 and, 50 inehes. fn the mountainous area much of the precipitation in the winter months is in the form of snow, whieh aeeumulates to eon- siderable depths and the melting of whieh furnishes water for the spring freshets so prominent in the regimen of the rivers. An im- portant eharaeteristic of the rainfall, .hictt must be eonsidered in conneetion with the flow of the streams, is the large amount of pre. }IYDROGRAPIIY ON' VIBGINIA.

cipitation during the summer months, when loss from evaporation is at a maximum. The mean annual temperature ranges from 50 degrees in the rntiuntainous parts of the State to 60 degrees in the Coastal Plain legion. The drainage basins of the State are here considered in order from ncrrth to south, and for each basin is given, as far as available, a de t:riied description, which includes data in regard to slope, and a profile, records of rir,'er stages, estimates of flow, rainfall data, and other information.

METHODS OF WORK, X'IELD MDTHODS.

The methods by rvhich the records of stream discharge have been maclie nre those in cornmon use in the United States Geological Sur- ve; I t}ey are described in detail in Water-Supply and Inigation Papers Nos. 94 and 95, and briefly in the arurual Progress Roports lor 11i04 and 1905. An outLine of the method used in Virginia is given Lrelow, to assist in uraking clear the data which follow. A gage for observing the stage of the river is established at a bridge or otirer place where the record of flow is to be mad.e. This gage is a vertical staff, or sorne other device by which the height of rvater may be observed, and is read each day, by a person living near by. The average of the gage readings, if more than one, in any clay is used as the mean gage height for that day. At various stages of the river one of the hydrographers of the Survey visits the station and measures with a current meter the amount of 'lvater flolving. This meter is primarily an instmment for measuring the velocity of moving rvater, and consists essentially of a rvheel rvith vanes, which may be shaped like those of a windmill or of a screw, or with cups like those of an anemorneter, the necessary qualification being that moving water shall readily cause the wheel of, the meter to turrr. Each meter is rated before use. The rating is done by moving the meter through still water at various observed speeds to determine the r.elation between the velocity with lvhich the meter moves through the rvater and the revolutions of the wheel. This relation having been determined, the meter is used in running water, the revolutiorrs per unit of time noted, and the ve locity of the water computed. Observations of depth of water are also made, and from them the area in eross seetion of eaeh portion of the stream is computed I each partial area multiplied by the mean velocity of that area gives a METIIODS ON'WOIiK. partial discharge; the sum of the partial discharges is the total ilischarge of the stream.

ON'X'ICN MDTIIODS.

I{easurements of flow as outlined. above are made covering a considerable range of, gage height. Th"y are then plottecl on coordinate paper, with gage heights for ordinates a:ed d.ischarges for abscissas, and a smooth curve, called the rating curve, is drawn through the points. tr'rom this cur"ve a rating table is made which shows the discharge of the stream for any gage height. The data n@essary for the construction of a rating tabie for a gaging station as just stated are the results of the discharge measurements, which include the record of stage of the river at the time of measurement; the area of the cross section I the mean velocity of the current and the quantity of wator flowing; and a thorough knowledge of the conditions at and in the vicinity of the station. The constructio r of the rating table depends upon the following laws of flow {or open permanent channels: (1) The discharge will remain constant so long as the conditions at and near the gagrng station remain constantl (2) Neglecting the change of, slope due to the rise and fali of the stream, the discharge will be the same whenever the stream is at a given stage; (3) The discharge is a function of, and increases graduaily with, the stage. The plotting of results of the various discharge measurements, using gage heights as ordinates, and discharge, mean velocity and area as abscissas, will define curves which show the discharge, mean velocity, and area corresponding to any gage height. For the devel- opment of, these curves there should be, there{ore, a sufrcient number of discharge measurements to cover the range of the stage of the stream. Plafu f sho,ws a typical rating curve with its corresponding mean velocity and a-rea curyes. As the discharge is the product of two factors, the area and the mean velocity, any change in either factor alone will produce a corresponding change in the diseharge. Their curves are therefore constructed in order to study each independently of the other. The area curve can be definitely determine,d frorn aecurate soundings extending to the limits of high rvater. It is ahn'ays concave toward the horizontal axis or on a straiEht line unless the banks of the stream are overhanging. The forn of the mean velocity curve depends chiefly upon the surface slope, the roughness o{ the bed, and the cross section of the stream. Of these the slope is the principal factor. fn aceordance Ga$e hight in feet oo!s

U CJ) I n af i z I itr 1 o olNooo)N-, rrt Z rn oi- ,ro ;U ;' ;u) q o -c c nu) o ml f bb, 0 (D o C: o v,"<; (n5 n >oc-0 <+

-D m I 4 C) I -t m o (i)I + r I- r'r .i q 5t6 c)

! I -_-1., .- Rlo -l -t I _L_ l0 IIYDROGR,API{Y OIT VIR,GINIA. with the relative change of these factors the cune may be either a straight line, a curve convex or concave toward either axis. or a eombination of the three. From a careful study of the conditions at any gaging sfation, the form which the vertical velocity-cur.ve will take can be predicted, and it may be extend.ed r^'ith reasonabre cer- tainty to stages bevond the limits of actual measurernents. rt is used principally in connection r,vith the area curve in locating errors in discharge measurements and in constructing the rating table. 'rhe discharge curve is defined primarily by ttre measu-rernents of discharge, which are studied and weighted in accord.ance with the local conditions existing at the time of each measurement. The curve may, hou'ever, be best located between and beyond the measurements by means of the curves of area a"nd mean velocity. This curve, under normal eonditions, is concave towards the horizontal axis, and is generally parabolie in form. rn the preparation of the rating table the diseharge for each tenth on the gage is taken from the curve. The difierences between suc- cessive discharges are then taken and adjusted according to the law that they shali either be constant or increasinE. Prior to the fall of 1g03 wire gages roere used at many of the stations for oJrserving the stage of the river. The correct length of gages of this type was difficult to maintain on aceount of.the stretch- ing of the wire. Small changes of ietrgth took place frequently, l4j"g necessary the application of corrections to the obserold goge heights at the stations. In some instances the magnitude of the corrections and the time over which they should have been applied were not recorded, and the proper adjustments are therefore-somewhat in doubt. fn such instances, if the data warranted it, the gage heights \r''ere corrected bv the amount that the measurements of the period in question were vertieally above or below the eurve. rt is believed thit bv the use of correctld gage heights reasonably accurate estimates of discharge have been made for all the rivers deseribed. Aecompanying the rating tables are given as far as possible state- ments coneerning the meas'roments on which it has been based and the probable degree of accuracy of the results. The extent of frozen periods at all the stations is very uncertain. A11 ice notes are frorn obserwers gage height records bui as the ob- servers notes are verv ineomplete their absenee does not always imply open channel eonditions. Estimates for ice periods have been maill as if open channel eonditions existed, exeept as noted. This method invo ves errors over the relatively short iee periods of a few to forty rler eent. MEI'}IODS OF WORK. 1l

DEFINITIONS.

The volume od water flol'ing in a stream, the ,,run-ofir,, is expressed in various terms, each of which is associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be d.ivided into two classes: those which represent a rate of flow, as second-foot, gallons per minute, and run-ofi in second-feet per square mile; and-those which represent actual quantities o{ water, as rrrn-off in depth in inches. they may be defined as follows: "Second-foot" is an abbreviation for cubic foot per second, and is the q'antity of v-ater flowing in a stream ooe foot wide, one foot deep, at the rate of one foot per second. It is generally used as a fundamental unit from which the others are comfuted. - "Gallons per minute" is generally used in connection with pumping and city rvater supply. "Second-feet per square mile,, is average - the number of cubic feet of r'vater flowing per second from eaeh square mile of a.rea drained, on the assumption that the run-ofi is distributed uniformly both as regards time and area. "Run-ofi in inches" is the depth to which the drainage area woulcl be eovered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were conserved and uniformly distributed over the surface. ri is used for comparinu run-off with rainfall, which is usually expressed in d,epth in inehes.

EXPLANATION OF TABLES. . F9" each regular station are given, as far as available, the following data: 1. Description of station. 2. List of discharge measuremenLs. 3. Gage-height tables. 4. Rating tables. 5. Tables of estimated monthly and yearly discharges and run- off, based upon all the facts available to date. The descriptions of stations give such general information about the iocality and equipment as rvould enable the read.er to find and use the station. They also give, as far as possible, a complete history of all the changes that have occurred since the establishment of the station ' that would affeet the use of the data eollected. The dischargs'measurernent table gives the results of the discharge measirrements made during each year, and includes the date, the name of the hydrographer, the gage heig'ht, the area, the mean velocity, and the discharge in second-feet. 19 I{YDR,OGEAPIIY O!' YIRGINIA.

The tables of daily gage heights give for each day the height of the surface of the river as found from the mean of the gage readings taken on that day. The gage height given in the table represents the elevation of the surface of the rvater above the zero of the gage. The rating tables give discharges in second-feet corresponding to each stage of the river as given by the gage heights. In the tables of estimated monthly discharges the coLumn headed "Maximum" gives the mean flow for the day when the mean gago height was highest, and it is the flow as given in the rating table for that mean gage height. As the gage height is the mean for the day, there might have been short periods when the water was higher and the co :responding discharge larger than given in this column. like- wise in the column of "Minimum," the quantity given is the mean flow for the day rvhen the mear' gage height was lowest. The column headecl "Mean" is the average l1ow for each second during the month. Upon this the computations for tho two remaining columns are based.

POTOMAC RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

DESCRIPTION OX' TI{E BASIN.

Potomae River is formed by the junction of the North antl South branches about 15 miles below Cumberland, Md., from whieh point it flows in a southeasterly direction into Chesapeake Bay. For its entire length it makes the southern boundary of the State of Mary- land and the northern boundary of the States of West Virginia anil Virginia. It drains a total area of about 14,500 square miles. The North Braneh rises in the Alleghany Mountains near the westerrr corner of Marylancl; the So,uth Branch in the Alleghany Mountains in Virginia and West Virginia. These branches, with their tributaries and the tributaries of the main stream as far down as t}e Shenandoah, drain a series of narrow and generally fertile valleys l;'ing betrveen the parallel ranges which make up the system of the Alleghanies in this region. Their slopes are not as a rule very great, ant{ their beds are of gravel and sand. The slopes of their drainage basins are, however, usually very steep, and after a rain the water eollects quicklv in the rivers. There are few lowlands to be overflorved, and no lal

POTOMAC R,IVER, DBAINAG]' BASIN. t3

than 20 feet in each year. The corresponding maximum and minimum discharges have been e.stimated aI 2L8,700 second-feet and 900 second-feet, respectively. The slopes of the tributary basin of the Shenandoah River are in many instances steep, but the valley through which the Shenandoah flows is generall.y broader and more lands are subject to overflow. The slope of the river itself is usually greater than the slopes of the tributaries above mentioned. As a result the fluctuations in this stream are not so great, having a maximum range of about 19 feet at Millville in ten years, while the average annual fluctuation is 10 feet or less. The discharge in this period has ranged. between ap- proximately 140,000 second-feet and 480 second-feet. From tho junction of the North and South branches below Cum- berland, I,Id., the Potomac cuts through the mountains at nearly a right angle. Its v'allev is narrow, its slope in many places great; the bed is generally gravel and bowlders, with ledge rock at small depth whieh often appears at the surface. The banks are usually high and not subject to overflow. It crosses the fall-line a ferv miles above Washington, and reaches tidewater at Georgetown. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad follor,vs the river for its entire length, 'while the Norfolk and Western Railroad and the Cumborland Valley Railroad eross the stream. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal follows it from Cumberland to Georgetown. The fo lowing tables show the elei,ations above tide of a number of points on the Shenandoah, South Braneh of the Potomae, and Potomae Rivers.

Slope ol the Shenrndoah Riaer.

Fall Distance Distance Fall per from Derween be;twen mile mouth. points. points. between

Ilarpers Ferry, junction with Mdks. Foot. Mil6. Feet. Feet. Potomac.. 0.0 242 2.5 44 17.6 Bull's Falls.. 2.5 286 5.5 40 l.o Near mouth of Evitts Creek...... 8.0 326 r0.0 34 3.4 Castleman's Ferry.. . 18.0 360 13.0 40 3.1 Berry's Ferry.. 31 .0 400 Confluence of North and So'irth 23.0 53 2.3 Forks* . 54.0 4u't 96.0 o. t South Fork, near Port Republic. . . 150. | ,03s f *Pro6lm of the Nodolk & Wmtem Railmad give this elevation as 448 feer. IIYDROGRAPHY OI. VIBGINIA.

Slope ol the South Branch ol the Potomac Riaer.

Fall Distance Elevation Distance Fall pg from above betwen b€tween mue mouth. tide. points,. poiut* betwen

Mihx Feet. Mi;lps, Feet. Fea.

Mouth.. 0.0 29.6 127 4.3 Opposite Romney. 29.6 .": I 24.0 l5r 6.3 Moorefield. 53.6 278 12.0 97 8.1 Petersburg 65. 6 375

Slope of the Potomac Riaer.

Fall Distanee Elevation Distance Fo.ll DS from above betweeD oe!ween mue mouth. iide. points. points. betwen

Miles, l'egt. IuIiles. Feet. Feet.

Georgetown. 0.0 ol 6r .5 245 4.0 Harpers Ferry.. . ol .D 245 i 9.5 50 3.7 Shepherdstown 71 .0 280 i 14.0 39 2.8 DamNo.4...... 85 .0 319 i 22.O 38 t.7 Dam No. 5...... 107.0 357 t 78 .0 253 3.2 Cumberland.. 185 .0 610 |

It wiil be noticed that the elevation of the Potomac where it passes through the Blue Ridge is about 245 feet, while that of the James at its passage through the same range of mo'untains at Blge Ridge dam is 706 feet. The fall o the Potornac is therefore much smaller than that of the James, though still quite large. Of the 245 Iegt below Harpers Terry about 90 occur in a short distance a.t the Great Falls; and if this be subtracted, the fall in the remaining distance is found to average about 2.5 feet per mile. As a water-power stream the principal disadvantage of the Poto- mac is the great variability of its flow. Good rock foundations for dams can generally be found at small d.epth, the banks are as a rule favorable, and there are several sites where iari4e fails could be ren- dered available, as will be seen hereafter. Building materials are generally obtainable, and facilities for transportation are excellenL A very insignificant amount of power has been developed.

POTOMAO RIVER DII,AINAGE BASIN. t5

ln Augus! 1899, a reconnaissance surrey "'' of the South Branch of Shenandoah River be' tween Port Republic, Va., and Riverton, Va., was made by Mr. F. H. Anschutz, under the

Cr, direction of D. C. Humphreys, for the purpose

Cr, of obtaining a profile of the river and a map showing the loeation o{ the mills, the uause.l falls, and the localities where water power might possibly be developed. The results of the work are shown by the map (fig. 1) and the profile (plate v). The distances along the profile and map are measured aiong the center line of the stream, the initial point being the forks of the river at Port Re- public. The developed and undeveloped power of the river at the time of the survey was briefly stated, as follows: At Port Republic a combined sawmill and gristmill ar utilizes a fall of 10 feet in South River, which is obtained by a dam about e qua,rter of a mile above the mouth. On North River, in the first 1,500 feet above the forks, there is a fall of 6 feet which was once used for power and i <\a developed again. i \2. which could easily be -Port ;\'.'1 ^ \" At Shendun, 4 miles a6ove Republic, on South \ \ River, an excellent ppwer was partially developed during 'l I\ what is known as "boom times" in 1890. The fall is said {ti to be about 20 feet. Two miles down stream from the forks there is a grist- miII utilizing about 6 feet fall, obtained by a brush dam and a long race. At 6-miies there is a fall of 4.5 feet, but the banks are low. At 7* miles there is a small gristmill with a 3-foot timber dam nandoah Between the 7{-mile point and the next mill, at 11 tt4{o- miles, there is a total fall of 25 feet, but the river banks ;;;;";h;;"k"" u"a n*"triiv ute loio. At 11 miles theiL is a imall gristmill using about 6 feet fall. At 12| miles there is a gristmill using 5|.feet fall. At lf miles, opposite Dlkton, there is a combined o* "gristmill and sawmili, with a 4-foot dam, u9i1g 6 feet fall. e In the neigirborhood of Shenandoah the fall is rapid but the banks are low. At 31f miles there is an old mill and a timber dam 4 feet high tire first course of timbers of which is missing'- Ai324 miles, Grove IIiIl, there is a gristmill and a good darn bf timber and loose rocks, 4 feet-h-igh. " - At 37+ miles, Kemple- Falls, there is a fall of- 15 feet in three-fourths of aa. mile. The bankba'nk on the left side is fairly Bun good, but on t'he right side of the main group of ohannels a- large area t"he iirr"" spreads o-ut over and runs throughthrou,gh a . *jpll,lll":- of bowlder-s, and the bank Jor a- considerable distance i-r z s + back ig but little above the surface of tbe stream' f,'IGI. PI,AN OII SOUTII BRANCH OT SEENANDOAII BIVBR. TIYDIOGITAPIIY OF VIII,GINIA.

At 38 miles, Newport, there is a combined sawmill and gristmili that uses about 6 feet fall. The dam is about 4 feet high, ioosely made of timber and stonework. At 41 miles is Mank's mill, a gristmill with a dam S] feet high, rudely constructed of brush and loose stone. The falfbelow the mill is Eood and about 7 feet are utilized. At 50 miles there is an old mill site, nothing being left except the foundation of the dam. At 55 miles, Schuier, there is a gristmill, with a dam 3] feet high. . At 66] miles is Goode's mill, the dam for which is 3 feet high, of timber and planking backed by loose rock. The mili uses a fail of about 6 feet. At 79f miles is Hazard's mill, on the left bank of the stream, at a point where the river splits and runs around a large island. The dam is in the left branch and is substantially constructed of timber; it is 4f feet high. At 97| miles is Blackmore's dam. lt was a stoutly built dam of timber and dry masonry, but it is broken at each end and part of the upper course is missing at the middle. The mill is no longer standing. At 101 miles, Riverton, are thc Riverton mills. The dam is 6 feet high, of timber, and is well constructed.

POTOMAC RIYIIIi A1' POINT OI' ROCKS, I\TD.

This station was established by C. C. Babb, February 77, L895, at the steel highway bridge at Point of. Rocks, Md. As originally placed, the gage was locatecl in the third span of the bridge from the north shore. The lensth of the wire from the end of the weight to the marker was 48.0 f"cet and thc zero of the gage was 6.0 feeifrom tlre center of the pulley. 'Ihe zero of the gage was 40.9 {eet belotv B. M. No. 1 described belorv. June 18, 1896, a new wire gage was placed on the lower side of the first.span of the bridge, the r'vire length being 44.19 feet. The zero of the gage was changed to 41.3 below B. M. No. 1. During 1896 and 1897 the rvire became rusted and broke frequentl.y; the changes in rvire length not being recorded. Jannary 25,-J-898, a nelv rvire las put in, the length being 44.22 feet, which length has been used since that date. The datum elevation 41.3 was not changed. During the period. betrn'een the measu.rements of April 16 and July 29, 1901, a large quantity of earth excavated from the canal was thrown into the river along its left banJ<, changing the section and probably affecting the flow of the river. This necessitated moving the gage farther from the shore rvhich \\'as done by the observer, who installed a temporarv gage. The indications are, that the gage was not set to read exactly the same as the one i.vhich it replaced, and the gage heights between April 16, 1901, and September 2,7902, are somervhat in er"ror. A standard box ehain gage was installed at this station, Septem- ber 2, 1902. It is bolted to the handrail on the lower side of the britlge in the first span from the left bank. The length of the chain is 44.22 feet which was the same length as had been previously used. In placing the new gage, horvever, the datum was lovered .45 of. a

POTOMAC RIYER, DBAINAGE BASIN. 17

foot and the elevation of the bench mark was changed from 41.8 feet to 4L75 feet to agree therewith. Bench mark No. 1, established November 16, 1896, is a copper bolt in a large capstone on the lower wing wall of the north abutment, about 10 feet {rorn the north end of the frst iion truss and.41.7b feet above the datum of the gage. B. M. I{o. 2, established JulR 1904, is a cross chiseled on the lower step of the upstream wing wall on the left ban-k of the river, being just across the tow-path, 1b feet from the canal. Its elevation is 24.00 feet above gage datum. Discharge measurements are made from the eighi*pan steel toll bridge to which the gage is attached. The initial point ior soundings is the left end of the lower guard rail, 0.4 foot beyond the center of the end pin, on the downstream side of the bridge. The channel is straight for 500 feet above and 200 feet below the station. rt is 1,300 feet wide, broken by seven bridge piers. Bo,th banks overflow only at extremely high rvater and are not wooded. In the two right spans_the bed is composed of mud and is subject to some change; in the other spa's the bed is composed of gravel and cobblestones and is pernanent. The current does not flow at right angles with the !:i{g: in all of the spans. The gage is qead onee each duy by George H. Hickman. l8 IIYDEOGBAPIIY Ox' VIBGINIA.

Dischorge Measuremmts ol Potomac Rioer ot Point of Rocks, Md^

1895. Bq. fad. FLpnw. Fe* S*-fe&

March 25...... 6,257 1 .68 3.05 10,520 April 5. 6',338 2.21 3.42 14,030 April 13...... 7,851 2.23 4.27 t7,520 Aprit23...... 4,765 r.oo 2.t0 7 ,37t May 1.. 7 ,7r8 2.73 4.35 21 ,070 5 ,969 2.O9 3. 10 12,480 5,118 r.74 2.35 8,918 5,221 t.76 2.45 I,189 3,998 r. t3 1.53 4,536 3,793 t.r2 r.30 4,233 4,008 T.T7 1 .50 4,695 2,660 0.45 0.40 1 ,202

5,386 r.20 I .82 6,462 4,526 I.OD 1.86 7 ,057 4,121 r.48 I .60 6,109

11 ,670 3.49 c7.95 40,650 28,400 5.45 c21.70 154,800 8,759 3.13 5.70 27 ,380 4.05 t7 ,r20 4,800 1 .69 c2.85 8 ,130 2,851 0.75 c0.20 2,141 7 ,602 2.7r c5. 00 20,620

1898. January 25..... 10,320 3.23 6.50 33,340 August 19...... 6,000 2.38 3.30 14,3r0 October3..... 2 ,547 0.76 0.65 I ,939

1899. January28..... 6,743 z.sz 3.80 17,330 May20...... 11 ,450 4.0r 8. 15 45,9S0 September 5.. . . 2,505 0.94 0.80 2,360 October29..... 2,319 0.70 0.50 I ,628

cAll gage heigbts refer to dgtm 41,80 feet bdow bench mark No 1, 1895 to 1901, inclusivg and 41.75 fet belov the sme beach nuk 1902 to 1905. bMeasremmt reompuhd, ccsge heights iaEccuate POTOMAC RIVEB DBATNAGE BASIN. l9

Discharge rneasurements ol Potomac Bioet at Point of Bochs, Md.

8q. teeL FL pcr soc Fe4. Sce-fad. leoo. I

I June 28.. I E. G. Paul.. 3 ,814 I .37 1.50 5,212 dOctober 2.. ... 1....do... 852 1.48 0.30 1 ,259 September 19.... I C. R. Olberg. 2,767 0.82 c0.30 2,277

190r.

April 16...... E. G. Paul. l'9 ,410 5. 19 1,r.30 100,800 July 29...... do 3 ,772 t.73 I .85 6,530 December 27...... do 4,848 2.35 2.89 11 ,4r0

1902.

June22...... Newell and Paul...... 2,897 I .01 1.25 2,g2l

September 2..... E. G. Paul 2,356 0.73 0.87 | ,717

6 ,600 2.86 4.84 18,880 17 ,250 5.01 13.70 86,420 16,500 4.88 13. 10 80,520 12,180 4.t4 9.60 54,080 2,950 I .28 r.50 3,770 2 ,590 0.83 7.12 2,140

5,500 2.50 3.87 13 ,750

Tillinghast and Comstock.. 8,600 3.33 6.56 28,640

Grover and Lyman...... , 2,727 1.10 1.29 2,997

G. F. Harley. 3 ,532 1.38 2.O5 4 ,889 ,....do...... 2,7O3 .s4 |.20 2,531 I llarley and Stewart...... 2,7O3 .91 1.20 2 ,467

cAll gage heights refer to datum 41.30 feet below bmch mark No. 1, 1895 to 1901, inelusiye, and 41.75 feet below the same bench muk 1902 to 1905. cGage heights imcorate. 'dMadebywading. 20 III-DROGRAPIIT OF VIRGINIA.

Doily gage height, in feet, of Poiomac Riaer at Point oJ Rochs, Mit,

Se decriptiou of statiotr page 16 in regud to datu of gage.

Ilay Jon. Feb Mu. Apr. May. June, July. Aug. Sept, Oct.

1895. o.l 3.3 1.8 2.0 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.4 9.7 3.0 5.9 2.7 o , .4 .t 10.6 90 5.8 1.5 .8 o .3 .3 .5 9.6 3.6 5.4 2.1 .8 a .5 3.5 4.4 1.4 1.9 .9 .o .t .3 .5 5.6 3.0 1.4 .8 .0 .4 ,6 4.8 2.7 3.1 1.2 l.o .8 .6 .6 .8 4.3 2.6 2.7 .8 1.5 .8 .5 .t .d .8 4.1 3.0 1.3 t-t 1.1 .5 .1 .6 4.1 10.8 2.8 1.6 1.0 .6 .o 4.0 7.9 2.8 r.1 l.o o .5 .+ to d.o 5.8 2.7 1.1 1.5 .8 .o .4 .5 .6 4.5 2.7 1.2 1.3 .8 -o .2 .1 .6 6.O 3.8 2.8 1.2 .2 1.6 J-O 3.0 1.6 1.1 .4 .0 5.9 3.4 2.6 I.J I.0 .6 .o i; 8._l 3.3 1' 1.0 .6 .4 .1 1.6 6.9 3.0 2.3 1.1 1.0 .6 .3 1.6 5.4 2.7 2.2 1.1 l.l .6 .o e 1.6 4.9 .2.6 2.4 1.0 1.0 .6 .5 .3 r.7 4.1 2.4 .9 1.0 .6 .4 .2 .1 .3 1.8 3.8 2.2 2.4 1.0 1.0 .o .4 .4 .6 2.0 3.4 2.1 2.8 1.0 1.1 .5 .2 .4 .o 2.0 3.2 2.0 3.8 .9 o .6 .o .J 1.3 0 3.0 2.0 o.o .8 .9 .4 .D .4 1.3 I to 1.9 2.6 .8 1.0 .t .4 1.2 o 3.0 1.8 1.2 t.2 .t 1.3 o 3.8 1.8 2.1 1.3 .4 .5 1.4 1.8 1.6 !.2 .d .5 .9 4.3 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.1 .o I .9 3.5 1.1 a 1.8

al.3 1.3 2.0 0.5 21.85 0.8 2.O 1.2 1.2 .8 2.2 .D 12.05 .8 8.0 1.3 1.3 .6 1.2 2.6 6.3 2.8 1.4 1.8 .D 1.1 2.4 4.0 2.3 1.4 2.8 .4 1.0 1.8 .4 3.0 .8 2.0 d.o 1.3 1.6 -o 2.4 6.0 1.8 I.J 7.0 .6 1.2 7.4 2.1 6.0 l.t 1.3 7.0 .6 1.6 1.2 1.8 o.r 1.7 1.3 5.0 1.6 1.9 I 1.5 3.8 1.6 1.3 3.8 2.0 2.6 2 ,3 1.3 3.0 o 1.0 2.9 ;; 2 4.0 1 1.2 2.5 .8 2.8 7 I t,6 0 1.1 2.2 2.4 .6 I 1.0 .3 I 1.9 6 -o 2.3 I I .3 0 1.7 1.5 .o t7 .o 1.0 I a 0 1.5 4 .c 3.9 1.6 1.1 1.6 .8 0 lo 3 .5 3.5 1.1 al.2 r.5 2 -o 0 1.4 2 ,4 2.9 1.0 3.4 7.4 0 0 1.3 1 .d .d 7.4 8 .4 o 1.2 0

cGage heights Januaty I to June 17, 1896 apprcximate POTOMAC R,IVEB DR.AINAGD BASIN. 2I

Duily gage height, in feet, ol Potomac Rioer at Poinl of Rocks, Md._.Con.

Day. Jan. -Y tr{u. IIay. June, Aug. Sept. Nov. Dec. 1890. 1.3 a.6 2.7 1.3 .7 .9 1.1 1.0 .9 .6 2.2 t.2 .6 .4 .8 1.0 1.0 l.l .7 1.8 1.1 .6 .8 1.0 1.0 .0 l.o 1.0 1.8 7.2 .(t .-8 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.8 1.6 .0 .4 .7 1.0 1.0 o.l 1.6 o 1.0 .6 .9 o 4.8 .8 7 8.7 .5 .4 o l.l 1.3 .7 I 6.0 .o 1.0 .9 1.0 2.9 .I.2 .6 .5 .9 1.0 2.1 .8 0 2.7 .6 .9 1.0 l-6 1.0 8 2.8 .6 o.J .8 1.2 .8 !.4 .:.... 1.6 ,o .8 .9 ,l 'L

01897.

1...... 8 2.Q 2.3 1.7 2.0 1.3 l.t 1.0 .7' .0 2...... 8 r.9 4.4 2.2 1.9 lo 1,4 o .7 .& ,* 3...... 8 z.J L' 2.1 6,5 1.8 1.3 o 1.0 .9 te 4...... 9 2.0 2.1 14.0 1.9 1_& .s 7 t.+ 1.0 5...... a 2.1 *.o 2.2 8.6. 2.Q 1.2 1. A. .9 a 1.0 r.l 1.0 5.1 5.4 2.5 0.0 2.9 I.8 .$ .o .8 3.2 7...... 1.4 8.0 6.0 2.8 5.4 1.9 1.2 i.s .9 .6 3.6 8...... 1.7 r0.5 5.8 3.0 2.0 7.2 1.2 .8 .0 .o 3.2 o 1.5 7.9 5,0 2.5 4.0 2-A l.l 1.3 .8 .o 2.4 10...... 1.3 5.8 4.5. 6-t 1.8 1.0 1.3 .8 -o 1.6 11...... 1.1 4.6 o.l 1.7 1.4 7.4 .7 1.3 12...... r.1 4.0 4.0 4.6 3.0 L.7 1.3 1.3 .7 .8 t.2 l.l 1o,...... l.l 3i9 3.9 3.9 1.6 1.3 1.3 .7 .6 .8 1.0 14...... 9 4.6 da 8.9 1.6 1.4 t.2 .8 .5 .9 15...... 9 o.t 3.3 12.6 1.7 I.4 t.2 -8 7 .D 1.6 It 16 ...... 1.0 7.0 3.8 3.1 0 1.7 l.D .6 .6 4.1 t7...... o 7.4 3.0 0 1.6 1.3 1.2 .6 4.3 18 o 4.4 2.9 4 1.6 1.1 1.2 ,7 .6 .9 3.3 o 7.6 4.7 2.8 I 7.4 I.1 .6 2.6 1.5 7.2 5.3 2.6 3.9 r.7 L.4 1.1 .6 q, 1.6 6.4 6.2 3.5 2.1 2.1 1.1 .7 .6 .0 2.1 1.4 6.7 6.0 2.0 2.6 1.1 a o 1.6 L.4 o.o 2.2 2.9 1.8 ,7 .8 .6 .6 1.5 1.4 24.6 4.8 2.1 2.8 2.1 1.0 .o 1.4 t.o 16.8 4.7 2.1 2.9 r.o 1.9 t.7 .8 .7 .4 1.3 1.8 9.3 2.0 3.0 1.6 1.9 l.o .o .4 7q 2.0 7.3 4.1 1.9 2.8 1.6 2.1 o .7 .8 l, 2.3 6.0 3.8 1.9 2.5 t.D 2.2 1.3 o .8 .o 1.2 2.2 3.6 1.8 2.2 I.4 2.1 1.3 o .9 .5 1.1 2.1 2.1 '1.3 1.9 t.d .9 .9 .o l.l 't..8 2.0 2.9 i:1 2.0 1.1

8 t.9 6.1 2.6 2.2 0.9 1.5 0.7 2.1 7 t.8 5.2 2.4 2.O .8 1.7 2.5 2.1 0 4.O 2.2 1.8 .8 1.4 .6 2.3 2.9 I 4.1 2.0 t.7 .7 1.2 2.2 2.5

cGageheighisJanuary I to June 17, 1896. approximate 61897 gsge heights mbject to mors of mveral tenths. 22 ttrDnoclnApgy ox' vrBcrrra.

Daity gage height, in feet, of Potomac Riaer at Point of Rocks, Md.-Cot.

Dav. Jsn. Feb. Mar. May. June. July Aus. I Sept. { Oct. I Nov. I Dec.

1898. 1.4 1.9 1.6 8.8 1.9 t-o .7 2.2 1.0 .8 2.0 5.1 6...... l.o 2.0 1.6 3.6 1.8 1.4 .7 7.2 1.0 .8 o9 7...... 1.4 2.0 1.6 3.2 2.2 1.3 .7 6.1 1.1 1.0 6.1 e 1.1 1.9 2.9 5.4 1.3 .8 1.0 1.1 4.5 o 1.2 1.9 1l 1.2 3.9 1.0 1.0 3.6 to 1.4 1.8 9.6 1.2 D_O ,9 1.0 3.0 11...... 2.1 1.8 z.u 1.1 7 14_0 .9 o 2.0 2.6 12...... 4.0 1.9 2.4 l.l .6 16 .9 .9 1.8 It 3.9 2.0 2.4 l.l .o 9.5 .8 t.4 1.8 2.2 14...... 3.5 1.9 2.5 8.0 .8 t'.2 2.O 2.2 14...... ,,. .. !.9 6 2.5 1.3 7.2 .8 1.0 2.0 2.0 lo...,... -..,,. 4.9 2.0 7 4.0 3.0 1.3 .D o .8 .8 r.8 1.8 17...... 6.2 2.0 7 9.0 3.2 1.3 .5 5 .8 1.8 1.8 18...... 4.9 1.8 2.0 6.7 4.6 1.2 .5 .8 1.8 2.0 19...... 3.8 1 5.8 5.1 4.4 1.5 1.4 2'.2 I 20...... 3.1 I 4.6 4.2 3.5 1.4 .7 9.0 3.0 2 21...... 2.9 t.o J.O 1.3 a 3.0 5.4 o 22...... 2.8 oo 3.2 2.9 1.3 .9 3.8 3 23...... _...... 3.2 o.o 2.9 1.3 I.l 2.8 13. 1 3.2 /.o 3 6.2 2.6 3.9 1.2 .9 .7 10. 1 3.1 6.2 25...... o.o 2.9 0 2.6 tt 1.1 ,8 2.0 .7 5.9 3.0 6.9 26...... 5.1 2.6 10 2.6 o_o 1.1 .9 .7 2.7 D.d 5.0 7 ZD 4.1 1.0 1.2 .9 3.8 2.6 4.3 28...... 5.1 tl 5 1.0 1.0 .8 29...... 5.1 4 30 3.0 ,9 1.2 a 2.2 30...... 4 2.8 28 .9 1.4 3.0 2.1 3.0 It o 1.7 2.8 2.7

l. 3.0 11.9 D5 6 2.0 1.0 0.7 c.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 3.4 2.0 s.2 4.5 6 2 1.0 .9 1.5 x 2.9 2..7 8.2 4.0 I 1.1 .7 .8 .o 2.5 .8 2.7 7.6 2 1.0 ..9 .8 .6 2.0 .8 2.3 2.0 8.5 7 2 .9 1.0 .8 .6 1.8 .8 4.1 2.0 16 3.0 I 1.0 I .6 1.4 .7 6.9 2.0 l? o 2.8 0 6 2.0 1 .7 ,6 1.4 8.1 2.3 t0.0 3.0 I I.0 1 ,o .7 1.3 9...... 6.8 2.3 8.1 35 0 4 1.0 0 .6 l_2 10...... 5.4 do 6.0 3.4 7 .9 0 .o .o r.0 11...... 4.6 42 o6 42 8 .9 9 .o o .9 12...... 3.9 4.2 5.6 45 8 7 .8 .9 .8 .8 .o; 13...... , . . . . . 40 5.0 34 7 .8 1.2 .o .8 .8 14...... ;..... 3.9 8 32 2 .8 1.1 o .8 1.2 15...... 38 D 30 8 R .9 1.0 .t .8 3.0 16...... 4.0 0 6 28 5 .n 1.1 o .5 ,8 2.1 17...... t 7 2.7 .9 .8 .5 ,8 7.7 18...... 5.2 0 4 2.6 4 4 .7 6 7 .5 .7 1.5 IY...... 2 2 25 .7 o .7 7 1.6 4.4 4 9L 3 a 6 o .5 .7 1.5 21...... 4.0 60 5.3 22 0 2 .7 o a .o .7 1.3 3.5 8.5 2.1 6 2 5 .8 .o 1.1 14.8 4.2 2.0 0 I o .9 .5 .8 1.0 POTOIIAO R,IVER DRAINAGD BASIN. 23

Duilg gage height, in feet, ol Pot'omac Rioer at Point ol Rocks, Mil'-Cou

Dsv. Jan. Feb.JMu.lApr.lMaY' June. I July. I Aug. I sept. Oct.lNoy.lDee.

1899. r3.7 4.0 9.0 2.7 1 ,b .9 .o .8 2 24...... 3.2 q 25...... 9.0 3.9 2.0 9L 0 .6 o .5 8 t.0 .o o 26...... 4.8 6.0 1.9 2.1 0 .6 I 4.7 a t. o to 2.0 0 .6 1.2 .8 .o .8 5 1.1 .7 .5 .8 28...... 4.9 13.9 l.d 1.8 2 .6 29...... 3.2 4.6 1.7 I .5 l. t .o .8 o .8 1.0 .8 .5 .8 6 30...... 2.8 8.6 1.7 1.7 0 31...... 2.6 7.4 1.8 .8 1.0 .6 6

1900. 1.5 1.0 3.5 4.8 lo 1.3 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.5 2.4 a o l.o 1.0 4.5 3.8 t.7 1.3 1.1 l.l .o 2.0 6.6 3.4 1.6 1.0 1.0 -o .o o 2.1 5.9 3.1 l.D 1.0 o .o 6 4.4 2.8 1.5 1.6 .9 .9 .5 .t 0 6.. 4.0 2.7 1.6 1.3 .8 .6 .4 4.1. 7.. 3.6 2.6 5 1.0 .8 .5 5.9 8.. 3.9 2.5 o .4 .3 1.8 4.5 4 .8 .6 .4 .o 3.0 'L 4.0 2.3 3 .7 .6 .3 .3 .6 2.6 3.0 3.6 2.1 2 .o _o .3 .5 2.1 2., 2.1 It l.l .o .o .3 .3 1.8 3.0 2.9 2.0 1.1 1.0 .5 .6 .3 .4 t.o 4.6 2.8 1.9 1.1 .9 R .4 .4 .d .4 1.5 t_J 2.7 1.9 1.1 1.3 .o .4 .9 .4 1.4 4.6 2.6 1.8 1.1 1.0 .4 .4 .t 1.4 3.8 1.8 1.0 1.8 .4 .t .4 1.5 1.7 3.1 t.7 1.0 2.8 .4 .3 .3 1.2 1.6 2.6 4 2 8.5 o .3 1.1 2.2 2.3 o 1.6 3 o 1.4 .3 1.1 2 3.6 1.9 8 1.7 8 1.0 1.0 6.8 3.0 7 2.2 I .9 .0 o.o 6.9 6.6 5 0 .8 .3 .9 4.0 7,1 5.4 8 7 3 1.8 .3 .8 3.3 5.6 5.0 0 D I 1.6 .8 2.8 3.9 4.5 8 1.4 0 2.0 .3 .4 .2 .8 27...... 2.5 4.1 1.4 8 1.4 a .5 .8 3.0 2.3 l,t 1.2 .2 .5 .2 .6 2.1 1.3 4 1.0 e _t .4 .8 2.O t.2 1.3 .5 .8 9.2 1.3 .8

a1901. 1...... 0.8 1.2 0.8 2.2 l.o 2.6 2.8 3.0 0.9 1.6 2...... 9 1.1 .8 2.O 6.0 o.l ,9 l5 3...... 9 1.0 .8 3.3 2 4.8 2.3 5.3 2.1 1.0 1.4 4...... 9 .8 5.4 4.0 2.1 1.9 1.0 1.7 5...... o 1.1 .6 2 3.5 2.O 3.2 1.9 .9 3.5 o...... 8 1.1 .9 6.8 2 4.0 2.0 2.3 1.7 o 2.5 1.3 1.8 6.8 2 1.9 2.0 1.5 .9 2.6 o 8...... 1.2 1.4 1.6 1 4.8 2.2 1.8 1.4 2.4

oGnge heishts April 16 to Dec. 31. 1901, are mmewhat in enor on account of uncertainty of the gage datums. 24 EYDBOGRAPEY OX' VIACTINIA.

Daily gage height, in feet, ol Potomac Rit;er at Point ol Rocks, Md,.-Con.

Dav. Feb.lMar.lApr lMay

a1901. 9...... o t.2 1.3 | 6.3 1.8 4.I 2.0 3.5 t.7 1.4 .9 I 2.2 10...... t.2 2.7 | 6.3 2.0 s.2 r.7 2.8 Ll t, 9l 2.3 11 ...... 7 l! 4.2 4.2 8.0 .1.1 | 2.7 1.6 l.o 1.3 .9 | 2.8 12...... 1.4 12.4 | 3.3 9.1 2.5 1.6 2.9 1.6 1.2 .9 | 3.2 13 ...... 1.8 t.7 9.9 I S.0 6.0 2.2 1.6 2.2 1.5 1.2 9l 3.0 14...... 4. ti 1.7 6.2 | 3.2 4.6 2.1 2.0 2.2 1.5 t.2 .8 I 2.8 15...... d.o 1.8 1.6 I 9.0 3.6 2.7 3.6 2.1 1.5 1.2 8 | 8.1 8 I | 16.0 3.0 3.0 5.1 2-0 1.8 t.2 s I rT.2 2 2l 8.3 t7 o.t 5.2 tn 1.6 l.t s I r3.3 0 7.4 2.4 8.5 D.t 2.& I.5 l.l .9 | 6.9 I 6.2 2.3 5.6 6.1 2.4 l.o 1.1 9t 5.O 7 5.4 2.2 4.5 4.6 2.6 1.4 l.l 9l 4.1 r.o 2.5 11.4 | 2.0 3.6 ;3.0 1.4 1.1 9t 3.2 t.4 .9 3.0 | 20.8 1.9 5.6 3.1 2.7 1.4 1.1 .9 3.0 te | .8 3.2 | 15.8 12.6 4.6 2.8 2.3 1.3 t.l 9l 2.7 1.3 o 3.3 | 1r.2 14.2 4.5 2.5 2.0 1.3 t.0 r.8 | 2.5 1.4 .9 2.8 | 7.9 9.3 2.2 2,0 r.3 1.0 4.1 | 2.5 l.t .9 2.5 I 6.6 7.2 4.0 2.1 2.O 1.2 t.0 4.4 | 2.7 t.o 1.0 2.8 | 5.6 LO 3.6 2.2 L.2 1.0 3.2 | 3.0 1.3 1.0 2.5 | 4.8 7.6 2.0 t.2 .9 2.5 | 2.9 2.6 | 4.2 9.0 3.0 1.8 2.4 1.2 .9 2.0 | 4.4 2.7 | 3.8 s.7 2.8 t.7 3.2 .9 1.7 | 13.8 2.4 1...... 8.6 1.7 2.3 .9 .... | 18.4

rr.7 l 3.7 122.5 o-l 2.7 .8 1.6 lt6 .8 ,2 1.0 2l 3.5 1 29.0 5.0 2.4 .6 1.7 t.4 .9 .2 1.0 2.8 6l 3.31 16.1 4.5 o .7 1.8 r.7 .9 I 1.0 2.5 8l 3.2 llr0.2 4.1 6 .o 1.8 1.7 .9 .0 1.0 3.4 2l 2.8 I 8.1 4.0 o .D 1.7 1.8 o .l 1.0 o.o 3.8 I 2.4 1 6.7 3.8 a .o la 1.6 .9 .2 1.0 4.4 3.5 1 2.5 1 5.8 4.0 2.6 .o 1.6 .8 .9 4.2 3.2 1 2.6t 6.7 6.4 _c 1.6 l.t .8 .l o .4.O 'L 3.11 2.5 1 74 16.4 3.1 .4 r_o 1.4 .8 .l .9 3.8 3.0 1 2.5 1 8.5 14.3 2.7 I 1.5 1.3 .8 .1 o 3.S 2.81 c3.51 12.0 12.9 z.D 1.5 1.2 a .l o 3.2 2.71 4.01 r2.4 t2.2 ,4 1.4 1.1 .8 .4 .9 3.6. 2.5 1 4.2 1r4.0 rt -o 2.2 1.4 ll .6 0 4.9 2.3 I 4.4 I13.8 9.3 2.2 1.0 o 0 7.2 2.rl 5.2 112.0 2.t t.d 1.0 ,7 .0 0 6.8 2.ll 5.4 110.2 o.o 2.1 1.0 .7 .l 0 o.l 2.rl 5.5 I 8.2 5.9 2.0 1.2 1.0 .0 0 7.t 2.ll 6.2 110.6 5.3 1.9 1.2 1.0 .8 1.0 9.9 2.rt 4.8t 8.7 4.9 1.9 ,6 1.2 1.0 .o 1.0 8.0 2.rl 4.5 1 6.6 4.6 2.6 1.2 1.0 7 .4 1.0 5.9 2.Bl 4.5 1 5.6 4.0 2.0 .3 1.3 o .2 o 5.2 3.0 I 5.6t 4.5 d.t 2.0 .3 1.3 .9 a ,l o 4.8 6.7 1 7.0 1 4.1 3.3 to .5 t.2 .9 .7 .0 .9 5.0 5.2 1 4.1 | 3.8 3.0 1.9 |'l ,9 .9 .9 6.2 3.2 1 4.4 1 3.6 2.9 1.9 .2 1.1 1.0 .9 .9 1.3 4.8 3.0 | 17 2.8 2.0 t.l 1.0 .8 .9 1.5 4.2 3.5 | 27.2 2.9 2.2 .5 1.0 o .8 .8 1.9 6.O POTOMAC RIYDR DRAINAGE BASIN. 25

Daily gage height, in feet, ol Potomae Riuer at Point ol Eocks, Md.-Con Apr. I May. iT1 Juty. Sept.{Oci.lNov.lDcc.

28 5.2 2.8 2.0 o .8 1.0 o.a 29 5.0 2.7 1.9 1.4 1.0 .8 1.0 3.0 30...... 4.6 4.3 2.7 1.9 t.4 .9 1 l 2.6 31...... 4.2 6.4 1.9 .8 1i 1.1 2.8

1903.

1...... ,.... 2.6 a r4.2 7.7 3.0 8.7 2.0 t.2 1.1 1.1 2 2.4 I 15.3 7.0 2.9 4.9 5.8 L.t 2.1 1.1 1.1 r.l o.,...... 4.9 0 8.9 6.1 2.8 4.0 4.5 1.6 2.2 l.l 1.0 1.1 L 11.6 6.6 5.0 2.8 3.4 4.0 1.7 2.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 5...... 10.8 2 7 4.9 2.8 3.0 3.5 1.8 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 6...... 7.6 9.2 6 4.6 2.7 2.6 1.9 1.9 1.0 1.0 r,1 o.t 6.7 0 2.7 8.? 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.1 8...... 4.8 o-t 8 4.1 2.6 6.4 5.8 2.3 1.1 It 1.1 9...... 4.2 5.2 o 4.5 2.5 8.2 4.0 2.2 1.6 2.3 1.0 10...... 3.5 4.5 8 6.7 2.4 3.4 2.0 7.6 ti 1.1 r.0 11...... 3.0 4.1 4 o.o 2.3 o.o 3.0 2.9 l.o 1.9 1.0 r.0 t2...... 2.8 o.u 5.4 2 o.r 2.8 1.4 1.8 1.0 1.0 13...... 4.6 5.3 5.3 5.6 2.5 1.4 1.8 1.0 r.0 14...... 2.6 3.9 4.3 5.6 2 6.0 3.9 r.o L.l 1.0 r.0 1R 3.9 4.0 14.4 2 a. o 3.5 2.0 r.o 1.7 1.0 1.1 16...... 2.8 4.0 3.8 15.1 2.0 4.5 2.0 1.4 1.6 1.0 t.2 2.9 6.8 d-o 14.0 2.0 4.0 3.0 1.0 1.5 r.o 1.1 al.7 18...... 2.8 3.4 10.4 1.9 3.6 2.E l.d 2.6 t.o 1.1 D 19...... 2.8 6.0 3.2 7.8 1.9 2,8 1.8 4.5 1.5 l.l 4 ,D 2.8 4.9 3.1 1.9 4.0 8.1 1.7 2.9 1.6 l.l 6 21...... 2.9 4.5 3.0 t-o 1.8 2.8 2.8 1.6 1.1 6 tt o.o L' 3.1 5.0 1.8 2.6 2.5 l.o 2.0 1.5 1.1 to..,,.,.,.,.,, 4.4 4.t 5.1 4.5 1.8 2.3 1.6 1.9 1.5 l.l 1a 24...... 3.8 7.0 4.1 1.9 z.r'A 2.1 r.t 1.7 1.4 1.6 25...... 3.3 4.2 12.l d.d 2.0 2.0 1.4 1.6 1.4 l.l t.o 'R 4.4 8.6 3.6 2.0 3.6 2.0 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.6 2.8 4.5 6.6 6,O 2.1 3.2 1.9 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.6 28 ...... 3.6 5.4 5.3 3.4 2.3 2.7 10 t.o 1.3 t.2 1.3 1.6 29...... 6.2 4.7 6.2 1.8 2.1 t.2 1.2 1.1 t.7 30...... {.o 3.1 2.6 2.0 2.5 7.7 l.l 1.7 31...... 7.0 9e 1.8 2.1 1.1 t.6

cl,S c3.0 5.3 o.o 6.7 1.4 .4 0.6 0.8 r.5 2.9 4.4 2.6 4.0 7.8 1.3 .6 .8 2.0 2.9 .1.0 3.0 1.3 .2 .6 .8 ,a 3.8 3.5 3.0 4.6 1.3 .o .8 1.8 4.8 4.0 2.8 4.1 1.2 .2 .o .8 1.5 4.9 4.2 6.O 2.6 5.0 .2 _o .8 1.5 4.9 4.5 3.0 2.5 4.4 l.o .o .6 .8 r.o 3.3 5.0 2.8 4.0 1.6 .4 .o .8 1.6 3.5 4.8 2.7 J.O 1.6 R .o .8 1.6 o.t 5.4 2.6 3.2 .o .9 1.6 5.0 4.5 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.9 -o .9 r.7 3.9 3.8 3.1 2.6 2.6 .d .o .9

olce mnditiom December 17 to 31. 1903. _ bGage heights Jmuary 1 to September 1, 1902, somewhat in enor. Datum not knom. Gagp heights Sept. 2 to December 31. 1902. refs to datum 41,75 fet belor bench mmk No. 1- clce conditions duing part of Jmuary and Februdry, 1934. 26 . IIYDBOGBAPI{Y OF VIBGINIA. .

Duilg gage height, in feet, of Potomac Riaer at Point of Rocks, Md.-.Con.

Dav. Jao. I Feb. I Mu. I Apr. I Mny. I June I July. I Aug. Sept.lOct.lNov.lDec.

1904. o 13...... , 1.6 3.6 3.3 2.8 2.4 2.5 3.4 1.2 1.0 .7 14...... 1.6 3.5 2.8 2.6 2.4 3.1 It o .7 .8 .9 It...... , ...... l.o 3.4 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.2 3.0 1.1 o .6 .8 .9 16...... 1.5 3.8 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.8 1.1 1.0 .6 .8 .9 1r...... t.5 3.8 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.4 1.1 1.0 .5 .9 18...... 1,5 3.9 ,t 2.1 2.2 1.8 2.0 1.0 .9 -o .8 .9 19...... 1.5 3.9 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.8 1.0 .8 .D .8 o 20...... r -o 3.8 2.2 t.9 1.5 t.o 1.0 .o .8 1.0 21...... r.o 3.8 2.3 1.9 6.2 1.5 1.0 ,8 1.0 1.0 22...... 2.0 4.5 2.4 1.8 1.4 .9 1.0 .9 a 1.0 4.0 o-o 2.5 t.7 4.0 3.0 1.3 .9 .9 .8 .7 1.0 5.2 6.0 L.7 d.o 2.8 1.3 1.0 .8 a 1.0 7.4 6.6 1.6 2.5 1.3 1.0 .8 .7 .7 1.1 5.1 6.0 I.D 2.8 2.1 1.4 1.2 .8 1.4 3.6 a.o 3.0 1.6 2.5 1.7 1.4 1.1 a 1.5 3.3 6.6 2.8 2.0 2.4 1.4 1.1 a 1.8 3.2 6.0 2.6 2.3 l_o t -a 1.0 .6 .8 1.8 3.0 2.3 6.3 2.2 r.4 r.o 1.0 .6 1.9 3.0 2.4 2.4 1.5 .9 .6 .: 2.0

2.4 | 2.4 3.2 1.6 1.5 2.1 2.5 2.2 1.0 1.6 1.6 2.4 | 2.5 3.0 1.6 1.4 1.8 2.7 2.0 1.0 1.5 1.6 2.3 | 2.6 2.7 o 1.4 I.6 2.4 1.8 1.0 1.5 2.5 2.2 | 2.8 2.5 5 t.4 1.5 2.2 r.7 1.0 4.6 2.2 I 3.4 2.6 3.0 2.0 1.6 t.0 1.4 4.0 3.2 2.2 | 4.0 o 1.8 l.o 1.0 1.3 3,4 4.4 2.2 | 4.4 2.8 4 0 1.6 r.o 1.0 1.3 3.0 3.0 4 6 D 1.5 1.4 1.0 1.3 2.4 4.0 2.r | 6.0 3.0 4 I 0 1.4 1.0 t.2 2.3 3.4 2.0 I 6.4 2.9 0 6 t.4 0.9 t.2 2.2 2.0 | 11.0 2.8 4 I 8 4 1.3 0.9 1.0 2.1 2.8 2.0 | 10.1 2.8 I 1.9 3 1.4 2 1.0 2.0 2.6 2.0 | 6.9 2.9 4 2.3 2 1.4 1 1.0 1.9 IR 2.5 2.0 | 6.0 2.8 1.4 2.2 I ,i 4 1.0 2.5 2.0 I 5.9 2.6 3.0 2.0 0 o t.7 o 1.0 1.8 2.9 2.0 | 5.5 2.8 2.O 5.4 2.0 r.5 a 1.0 7 'L 17...... 1 3.8 2.r | 5.0 t7 1.9 4.2 2.9 1.4 t r.0 o 18.....'...... 1 3.2 2.r| 45 2.2 2.6 1.8 4.0 A t.4 2 0.9 D 19...... 1 2.8 2.t l 4.4 ,1 2.6 r.o 3.6 t.4 0 0.9 t 20...... 1 2.6 2.2 | 5.0 2.0 1.4 1.3 2 0.9 o 2r...... 1 2.6 2.2 | 5.9 2.0 r.3 3.0 1.3 0.9 2.8 t I ot 2.2 | 7.5 1.9 2.2 1.5 2.8 t.2 8 0.9 7.6 2.8 2.2 ) 8.4 r.9 2.2 2.5 2.6 1.2 6 0.9 10 2.2 | 6.7 1.9 2.0 3.6 4.0 1.2 4 0.9 6.r 2.2 | 5.8 1.9 1:8 5.2 3.5 2.0 1.2 0.9 aa 2.3 | 6.9 1.8 t.7 7.0 3.0 2.9 1.1 5 0.9 4.8 2.t | 5.9 1.8 5.0 2.9 8.4 1.1 o 0.9 4.1 2.4 t 6.2 1.7 l.o 3.6 2.3 3.9 1.1 0.9 3.4 1.7 1.5 3.0 2.0 2.9 1.1 2.1 0.9 3.1 4.0 1.7 1.4 2.6 1.8 2.8 1.0 2.0 1.3 3.0 3.6 2.5 2.5 3.2

clce gorge January 27, 1905. POTOMAC BIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 27

Rating table.for Potomac Riaer at Point oJ Rocks, Mil., lrom Febru,ary 17, 1896, tn Morch 31.1902. Gs/te Gage Discharge. Disehuge Grg Dischmge. Discharge. Eeiglt" i "tffr. EeEht. EeEht. Ped. Smd-feet. Fea. Secmd-test. Feot. Setunil-ted. Fed. SaMMd- 0.% | 1,040 1.80 I 6,200 3.40 14,160 6.00 30,o20 0.30 I,180 1.s0 | 6,660 3.50 t4,700 6.20 31 ,380 0.40 i r ,340 2.00 I 7 ,r20 3.60 15,260 6.40 32,780 0.50 r,540 2.L0 7,580 3.70 15 ,820 6.60 34,180 0.60 I r ,760 2.20 8 ,060 3.80 16,380 6.80 35 ,620 0.70 I 2,000 2.30 | 8,540 3.90 16,940 7.00 37,080 0.80 2,280 2 40 I e,020 4.00 17 ,520 7.20 38 ,560 0.e0 I 2,600 2.50 J e,500 4.20 18,680 7.40 40,080 r.00 I 2,940 2.60 I 10,000 4.40 19 ,840 7.60 4r ,600 I ro i 3,300 2.70 10,500 4.60 2t ,040 7.80 43,160 r.20 I 3 ,680 2.80 I 1r ,00o 4.80 22,240 8.00 44,720 1 .30 4 ,080 2.90 | 11 ,520 5.00 23,480 8.50 48,700 1.40 I 4,480 3 .00 I 12 ,040 5.20 24,740 9.00 52 ,70A 1 .50 4 ,900 3.10 I 12,560 5.40 26,020 1.60 r 5,320 3.20 I 13,080 5.60 27 ,340 1.70 ' 5 .760 3.30 13 ,620 5.80 28,660 The above tabie is strict'ly applicable only lor open channel conditions. It iE basd unotr 23 discharge mwrementr nade duing 1895 to 1901, inclusive. It is well defned betwren gase heiehts 0.3 fcpt and 14.0 feet. The table bas been ertended beyond ihse linits. Above 9.00 fet t}e ratirg cun'Jis a taagen! the difrerence being 830 pu tenth. Rating table lor Potnmac Rian at Point oJ Roclts, Md,., lrom April 1, 1902 to December

Gage Gage Gage Ileight Height. Discharge. Height.

Fed. Secmd-feet. Fed. Secmd-feet. Fed, Secmd-fut. Feet. Semd-teet. 0.50 900 2.00 5,020 3.50 rr,474 6.00 26,140 0.60 1 ,090 2.r0 5 ,380 3.60 11 ,980 6.20 27 ,460 0. 70 1 ,295 2.20 5 ,750 3.70 12 ,490 6.40 28,780 0.80 1 ,515 2.30 6,130 3.80 13 ,0r0 6.60 30,100 0.90 | ,750 2.40 6,520 3.90 13 ,530 6.80 3r ,460 1.00 2,000 2..50 6,920 4.00 14,070 7.00 32,820 r.10 2,260 2.60 7 ,330 4.20 15 ,150 7.20 34,220 1.20 2,530 2.70 7 ,750 4.40 L6 ,270 7.48 35,620 1 .30 2 ,810 2.80 8,180 4.60 17 ,430 7.60 37,060 1.40 3,100 2.50 8,620 4.80 18,610 7.80 38,500 1.50 3,400 3.00 9,070 5.00 19 ,820 8.00 39,980 r .60 3,700 3. r0 I,530 5.20 21 ,060 8.50 43,740 1.70 4,010 3.20 10,000 5.40 22,300 9.00 47 ,604 1 .80 4,330 3. 30 lC,480 5.60 23,560 9.50 51 ,560 r.90 4,670 3.40 10,970 5 .80 24,840 10.00 55 ,600 The above iable is strictly.applicable only for opeo channel conditions. It s bared upor discharge mesurements ma{e_during1902to_1905,inclusive. ltisfairly-well definedbetween gageheightsl.-0 footand-14.0 fet. The tsble_hae beo-extended- beyond tboe limits. Above gage height 10.0 feel the rating cuve is a tangen! the diffen erm being 830 per tenth. 28 I{YDBOGNAPHY ON' VIRGINIA.

Est:imateil manlhly &ischwge of Potnmac Eioer ot Point of lloehs, Mil.

(Draiuage ua, 9,054 squre miles)

Precipitation.

Mean. ner. in o{ l; I I I h.ifu. I t,jb'*.

tlI] 3.25 7 o1. i; ,,;; ; ,,;; ,413 .768 I .343 | l6 65,980 r1 ,520 24,560 2.54 2.93 tzi 2.41 -.52 67,640 6,200 14,500 I .50 1.67 7l 2.37 .70 29,340 7 ,r20 12,540 1.30 1.50 6l 2.4.6 .96 7,580 2,280 4,033 .418 .466 t2 3.88 3.4r 10,500 2,600 4,443 .460 .530 18 3.03 2.50 3,300 1 ,340 I ,997 .207 .239 ll 2.10 1.86 2,600 l ,180 1 ,565 .162 .181 9.1 .60 .67 I ,340 1 ,040 1 ,163 .t20 .138 12 1. r9 1.05 1 .1.22 ,540 I ,180 1 ,333 .138 154 i ll r.37 5,320 I ,180 2,259 .234 tl 27o270 10 2.59 2.32 t-i ) 1896.

I bJanuary..... 24,100 I ,180 5 ,257 .628 1.97 b}'ebruary. . . . 37,080 2,600 10,470 1.16 :;l 3.48 March.-..-... 3. 55

t 1 .61 s azo 1 ,540 2,560 .20; 14,160 1 ,180 5 ,429 .627 13 I 5.01 50,300 2,940 I,283 1,11 19 I 5.79 I ,500 I ,540 3,449 .4t2 25 ,380 I ,180 2 ,175 .251 4 | 6.09 159,400 2,000 t2,490 I .49 30,020 2,000 6,928 .80r 12,040 2,000 4,723 .564

oPrecipitation for complete uonth. DEstimate Januty 1 to June 17, 1896, liable to mnsiderable eror, owing to possible enor iu gage POTOMAC RIVI]B DR,AINAGE BASIN. 29

Estimated, monthly ilischarge of Potomac Rhter at Point ol Rocks, Md.-Con.

Discharge in second-feet. Run-of. Precipitation. _l i , P""l SecondJt.l D"pth I ;ff. I r- Loss of Maximum. Minimum, r"''il' *l"ii. I i"Jf,",. IYL-Io.#oi-l 1 ,";1,. o1897. --

January. 8,540 2,280 4,284 .444 .512 33 r .55 1.04 February...... 182,200 6,660 42,660 4.42 4.60 78 5.88 1.28 March.. 31 ,380 t\ 20 2.t6 ,520 ,850 2.49 104 2.40 -.09 April.. . 28,000 5 ,760 l0,830 l.t2 1.25 DO 2.28 r.03 May..., 94,200 5 ,760 22 ,950 2.38 2.74 ol 2.03 June. . . 7,580 4,080 5,997 .62r .693 28 2.43 r.74 July.. . . 10,500 2,940 5 ,315 .551 .635 16 4.08 3.44 August. 6,200 3,300 4,Q92 .424 .489 T7 2.93 2.44 September...... 2,940 2,000 2 ,337 .242 .270 17 1.60 I .33 October.. 2,600 1 ,760 I ,968 .204 .235 t7 1.43 1.19 qA, November,...... 4,480 1 ,340 2,096 ,14 6 4.t0 3.86 December...... 19 ,260 2,600 6 ,575 .681 . /65 3.22 2.44 'L

182,200 1 i ,340 10,830

41 ,600 3,300 14,660 1.52 1 nE 46 3. 78 2.03 18,100 5 ,760 8,339 .864 .900 84 1.07 .77 65 ,150 4,480 15,470 1.60 I .84 4l 4.44 2.60 52,700 9,020 15 ,970 r .65 I .84 78 2.36 .52 69 ,720 6,200 18,060 I .87 2.16 45 4.76 2.60

8,060 2,600 4,178 .433 .483 27 1 .81 1.33 5 ,760 1 ,540 2,4t8 .250 .288 I 3.21 ,o, 115 ,400 3,680 22,280 2.3r 2.66 38 7.00 4.34 3,680 2,000 2,497 .259 .289 22 1.32 1.03 86,730 1 ,760 13,580 t.4L I .63 25 6.41 4.78 15 ,260 5,320 8 ,557 .886 .988 4l 2.4r L.42 54,360 6,200 15 ,330 1 .59 1 .83 63 2.Sr 1.08

r15,400 I I,540 1r ,780 41.48

o1897 estimates are only approxinate, owing to large errors in the chain lenqth, 30 HYDRoGRAPHY ox'vrRcrNra.

Estimateil manlhty discharge ol Potomac Rioer at Poirrt ol Rocks, Mil.-Con'

Discharge in semnd-feet. Run+fi. Precipitation.

Per Month. Delth @nt. In Inm of pet m in Muimun. Minimm. Meu . o!: inche 8q. ru inches. prurpts inchs. ratlon.

1899.

January...... 45,500 8,540 20,870 2.16 2.49 98 2.54 .05

February...... 100,800 7 ,120 28,r30 2.9L 3.03 70 4.44 l.4r Msrch.. 115,400 14,160 35,240 3.65 4.21 106 3.96 -.25 April.. . 25 ,380 5,760 11 ,750 r.22 l.Jo 99 r.37 .01 May.... 49,140 5,320 11 ,600 r.20 1.38 27 5. r5 3.77

June. . . 16,380 2,940 5 ,314 .550 .614 18 3.47 2.86

July.. . . 7 J20 | ,540 2 ,519 .261 .301 l3 2.28 I .98 August. 3,680 1 ,540 2,335 tLt .279 r0 2.84 2.56 a September...... 3 ,680 r ,760 2,345 .243 .271 3.94 3.67 October...... 2,000 I ,540 r ,663 .172 .198 ll I .88 1.68

November...... I ,500 2,000 3,t7l .328 .366 22 1 .69 1.32

December...... 12,040_ 2,000 4,068 .421 .485 25 1.94 1 .46

The year...... 115,400 1 ,540 l0 ,750 l.1l 14. 98 42 35.50 20.52

Aa 35,620 3 ,680 8,166 846 .975 2.10 | r.r2 37 ,820 2,940 13 ,340 38 1.44 42 3.44 | 2.00 50,300 8,540 18 ,470 91 , t(l 64 a.421 L.2z 22,240 5 ,320 I ,295 963 |.07 80 1 .34 | .27 7 ,r20 2,940 4,466 463 .534 23 2.22 | L.7s 48,700 2,600 8 ,394 869 .970 23 4.Ls | 3.22 7 J20 1 340 3,008 312 .360 10 3.74 I 3.38 3,680 1 ,340 1 ,917 r99 .229 l1 2.08 | 1.85 2,000 I ,040 |,344 139 . r55 8 1.e5 | 1.7e 2,600 r ,r80 r,$3 138 .159 8 2.08 | 1.e2 46,300 I ,040 4,570 473 .528 lo 3.62 ] 3.0e JA' io 29 ,340 2,280 6,218 644 r.77 | 1.03

The year...... 50,300 I ,040 6 ,710 .695 9. 36 29 32.05 | 22.68 POTOMAC R,IVER DRA.INAGE B-A,SIN.

Estimated monthly ilischarge ol Potornae Eioer at Point ol Rocles, Mil.-Con'

Discbarse in s Runofr. hmipitation. I |---T--- Ps --t--- Month. l I I De.pth ent. Losof uean. pef t4 of In J u*i-'*. uininum. . inchm. sq. mr. inches, I i.fi"*. I I I Pry9iPi- rl tallon. 4190i.

January. 2r ,040 r ,760 4,929 .5ll .589 30 r.95 1.36 February...... 6,200 2,280 3 ,649 .378 .394 85 .46 .07 March.. 80,920 2,280 13,800 r.43 r .65 48 3.46 I .81 April...... 150,600 7 ,120 39,750 4.12 4.60 /o 6.05 1.45 May.... 95,860 6,200 26,920 2.79 3.22 50 6.47 3.25 June. . . 48,700 8 ,060 18 ,840 1 .95 2. 18 48 4.56 2.38 July...July.. . . 26,680 4,900 r0 ,720 l'11 r.28 34 3.82 2.54 August. 20,440 4,080 8 ,337 .864 .996 l6 6.23 5.23 q', Septemlber 28,000 3,680 7,636 .791 .882 a3 3. 15 o October 12,040 2,600 4,303 .446 .514 90 -Dt .06 19,840 2,280 4,648 .481 .537 22 2.50 1.96 130,700 4,480 25 ,610 2.65 3.06 54 5.7r 2.65

150,600 I ,760 14,r00 I .46 19.90 M M.93 25.03

January.. 7,580 17 ,520 1.81 2.O9 ID 2.78 .69 bFebruary 9,020 32,520 3. 37 3.51 90 3.88 .37 218,700 14,700 54,4r0 5.64 6.50 149 4.35 -2.t5 108,700 7 ,750 28,760 2.99 3.34 104 3.20 -. 14 I ,530 4,670 5 ,973 .619 .lt+ 36 1.97 1.26 4,330 2,530 3,186 .$b .368 11 3.45 3.08 4.,330 2,000 3,086 .320 .369 13 2.75 2.38 4,330 I ,515 2,464 .255 .294 r3 2.16 r .87 2,000 I ,295 1 ,490 .154 .t72 8 2.01 1 .84 5,380 I1 ,5r5 2 ,767 .287 .33r 10 3.36 3.03 November...... lt ,470 I 1 ,750 2 ,837 .294 .328 r3 2.49 2.16 "' ] December...... 54,780 7,330 18,e7018 ,970 r .96 2.26 50 4.50 2.24 L ] ]

The year...... l 218,700 | ,295 14.500 1 .50 20.28 oo 36.90 16.62 1--nu [i*' 1

oEstimates April 16, 1901, to Septemba 1, 1902, liable to sme enor on account of uncotaitrty of the goge datum. blce gorge Februrary 1l to 23, 190?. No ouection made in estimates. IIYDBOEBAPI{Y OX' VIRCINIA.

Eslhnateil rnonthlA'-alischarge of Potomac Riaer at Point of Racks, Md.-Con.

Dischmge in recond-fet. Precipitation.

Ios of Maximup. ** In in inchec iochec l.r*"* |

68,880 6,520 17 ,200 1.78 2.O5 5d 3 .51 1.46 49,160 t2,490 22,t90 2.30 2.40 69 3.49 1 .09 99 ,590 I,070 26 ,730 2.77 3. 19 89 3.59 .40 97,930 I,530 28,900 2.95 3.34 89 o.,u .41 9,070 4,330 6,212 .643 .74r 25 to9 2.t8 73,860 6,520 t7 ,970 1.86 2.08 32 6.5! 4.49 45,260 4,330 t2 ,760 L.32 1.52 33 4.67 3. 15 q,620 2,810 4,826 .500 .576 16 3.67 3.09 16,850 2,530 4,669 .484 .540 24 2.29 r.75 -2,ooo 6,130 3,212 .333 .384 15 oRl 2.19 2 ,810 2,000 2 ,r75 .225 .257 27 .9r .66 4,010 2,000 2,926 .303 .349 45 .78 .43

The year. 2,000 1.29 17.42 I 45 2t.30

35,620 3,400 7 ,287 - tDo .870 42 2.05 1.18 37 8,6n 17 l.itl 1.95 163 7.20 /o ,060 ,480 -- 22,300 5,380 11,170 1.16 1.34 64 2.08 .74 28,120 3,400 7 ,406 .767 .856 JO 2.46 1.60 27 ,460 5,380 9,362 .970 r.t2 33 3.43 2.31 38,500 3,100 10,160 I .05 t.l7 24 4.78 3.6r r0,970 2,530 4,510 -+ot .538 12 4.54 4.00 August. 3,400 1 ,750 2,394 .248 .286 t2 2.32 2.03 September...... 2,000 | ,295 1 ,592 .165 .184 8 2.25 2.07 October...... 2,000 900 1 ,t64 .l2l .140 8 1.66 t.52 November....'.. 1 ,515 1 ,090 I ,340 .139 .155 lb .79 .64 December...... l 5,020 1 ,515 2,201 .228 .263 10 2.52 2.26

6 ,339 8 .87

alce conditions Decembu 17 to 31, 1903. No corection made in mtimate. 6lce mnditions during portions of Jaruary and Febroary, 1904. No conection made in estimate. POTOMAC RIVER DBAINAGE BASIN. 33

Estimated monthly dtischargv ol Potamac Riner at Point ol Roclcs, Md..*Con.

Dimharge in recond-feet. Precipitation,

Pa @nt. In Los of per of in , iaches. sq. mr. P.rygipi- inches tauotr.

1 .03 33 3.12 2.09 r.t2 5,625 | .583 .607 1 35 11.73 23,480 2.43 2.80 97 2.89 .09 .761 | 44 r.72 .96 9,070 | 2,810 .5361 18i 3.05 2.51 32,820 | 2,8r0 .7601 15i 5.23 4.47 10 ,190 1.06 r.22 | 181 6.63 5 .41 13 ,530 I 2,810 .6.e6 I 17J4.08 3.38 5 ,750 | 2,000 lir 2,267 I .235 10 ,640 | 1.10

olce gorge Januuy 27, 1905. No correction made in estimate.

SHENANDOAH RTVDR, AT r\[rLMT,LE, W. VA.

Shenandoah River is formed by the junction of the North Fork and the South Fork at Riverton, Va., and flows in a northeasterly direction into West Virginia, where it empties into the Potomac at Harpers Ferry. The Millville station was establisheil April 15, 1895, by C. C. Babb. It is located about one.fourbh mile above the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad station at Millville, W. Va. The highway rrns within a ferv rods of the stream at the gaging station. The station is best reached by driving from llarpors Ferry, W. Ya. The vertical gage is spikecl to a large sycamore tree on the left bank a few hundred feet downstream from the cable. Bench mark No. 1 is a copper plug in the upstream side of the base of the second treo downstream from the gage. Its elevation is 6.68 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 2 is the upper surface of the head of a wire nail driven horizontally in a blaze on the base of the ffrst tree upstream from the gage. fts elevation is 7.42 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 3 is the upper surface of tho heacl of a wire spike 34 II:rDROGBAPEY OI' YIRCINIA.

driven in a blaze on the tree to which the gage is fastened, on the side away f,rom the rive,r. ' Its .elevation is 9.48 feet above the zero of the gage. Discharge measurements are made frorn a three-fourths-inch c4ble, from which is suspended a car. The cable, which is suspeurded over the branches of two large sycamore trees and is securely anchored to the bank at both ends, has a total span of 500 feet The initial point for soundings is the side of the tree to which the cable is attached on the left bank. The channel is straight for several hundred feet above and below the station, and the current is swift and unobstructed. Both banks are low and liable to overflow. There is but one channel at ali stages. The bed of the stream is eomposed of mrrd ancl roeks. The gage is read onee eaeh day by W. R. Nicewarner, the railroad station agent.

Discharge lneesurernenls ol Shenandnah Rioer at Millaille, W. Va.

r895. Sq.lut. Ft. pet su. Fea. Su.-ld. ,A.pril 24...... C. C. Babb. l;824 1.18 1.90 2,162 oMay1...... 4,843 4.07 7.50 r9,710 aMay 2. 4,393 3.61 6.80 15,860 May 4.. 3,463 3. 18 5.20 r0,980 May 8.. 2,395 1.80 3.08 4,3rl l{ay 24. 2,656 2.16 3.60 5 ,745 June 8.. I ,645 .92 r .50 I ,516 June 15...... 2,rB5 t.42 2.35 3 ,044 fune22...... | ,464 l.l0 | ,126 July 12. I ,549 .74 1.30 ,1 ,150

1896.

June 22...... D. C. I{umphreys.. 1 ,903 1.32 1 .99 2,513

1897.

June24...... Davis&Paul.... 1 ,438 .95 r.20 | ,37r J,uly23...... G. H. Matthes. I ,960 t.42 7.82 2 ,79r September4..... 1 ,198 .oo 0.52 632 OeJoher25...... E. G. Paul. 1,"t44 .ll 0.72 814

.aThe data for ibese mesuremetrts were parliy estimated, They we not mnsidered in preparing tbe rating tablm POTOM.&C BIYER DR.ATI{AGE BASIN. 35

Discharge measurem.ents of Shefland.oah Riaer at Milhtille, W. Va.-Con.

Di$ Hydrographo. cla€t

1898. Sg. tepL Fa. pa s* Fet. &eleL

January 24...... E. G. Paul. I ,948 1,54 2.20 3,00r

August 16...... 2,916 2.69 a4.&0 7,834

October 1...... 1 ,308 -tt 0.90 1 ,001

1899. l

January 27...... E. G. Paul. l 1.62 2.40 3 ,156 ] ,948 March 10: .do. ] .. .. 3 ,289 3.29 5.00 l0,840 May 16...... :. ....do... 2,045 1.35 2.r0 2 ,753 September 3..... 1....do.. . I ,340 .81 0.90 I ,086 October 2g...... do. . I ,159 .66 0.60 766

1 r900.

February24..... E. G. PauI. 3,S26 3.31 5.90 12 ,980 June19...... do.. 3 ,192 2.86 4.55 9,132 September 15.... .C. R. Oltierg. I ,098 .45 0.40 500

1901. hrly 22.. 2,499 2.17 3.30 5 ,419

December 27.. . . 2,O07 1.64 2.35 3,291

1902.

August 17...... E. G. Paul. 1,225 0.66 0.70 811

1903.

August26...... W. C. Sawyer. I ,455 0.76 1 ,r07

1904.

June 13...... F. H. Brundage | ,771 r.06 1.70 1 ,883

July 4.. Iloyt and Hall.. . . t ,578 0.72 7.20 1,137 July 10. Hoyt and Grover. I ,561 0.88 I.J+ 1 ,371 September 28.. . . E. C. Murphy. | ,r47 0.49 0.50 564 October 2.0...... do. . . t ,126 0.44 o.4l 494

N. C. Grover. I ,604 0.99 7.40 1,595 R. IL Bolster.. I ,325 0.60 0.84 799

oGage height is rucertain. 36 EYDB,OEBAPEY OE YIRC+INTA.

Duily gage height, in f eet, oJ Shenaniloah Riaer at Mittoille, W. Va.

Jsn tr'eb. Ms. Apr' May.l June.l July.l Aug, Sept. Oct.l Norl Dea

1...... 2.1 2.0 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.5 .6 2...... 6.9 1.9 4.1 1.0 r.3 0.6 0.6 .o 3...... 6.2 1.8 3.0 r.0 1.0 .6 0.6 .6 5.45 1.7 2.4 1.0 .9 .5 .6 .6 5...... 4.4 1.7 2.O 1.0 .8 .6 .6 6...... 3.85 1.6 1.8 1.0 .6 .5 .6 .o 1.6 r.7 o .6 .o .6 .6 R 3.05 1.5 1.5 .9 .o .6 ,o 9...... 2.9 1.4 r.4 o 1.0 .5 -o .6 10...... 2.6 1.4 .9 .8 .o .6 11...... 2.6 1.3 .9 .o .6 1t r.d o 1.0 .5 .7 .6 'L 13...... 1.3 .9 o .5 .6 14...... 2.3 t.4 .3 .8 o .D a .o 15...... 2.4 .2 .7 .5 .7 .6 16...... 1.8 -l .7 .5 .6 .o 17...... 2.2 t.o .2 .6 .o .D .6 .6 18...... 2.2 1.3 .o .6 .6 .5 -o .o 19...... 2.2 t.2 2 .8 .6 .5 .6 20...... 2.3 t.2 .l .8 .o .o .6 .7 ,l l.l .0 .8 _o .7 ,, 2.7 l.l .0 .8 .o .6 23...... 3.85 1.0 .0 .7 .6 .5 .6 3.75 1.0 .2 .o .o .D .o 'L .7 25...... 3.2 1.0 .2 .6 .6 .5 _o 1.1 26...... 2.8 1.0 .1 .6 .o .o .6 1.0 2.7 1.0 .2 .o .o .o 1.0 28...... 2.7 2.2 .9 .6 .4 .6 1.0 to 1.9 .7 .6 .o 1.3 30...... 1.8 .5 .D -o .o 1.4 2.1 ,t 1.5 ,4 1.4

1...... 2 2.6 4.6 1.4 .9. 1.6 1.3 o.7 r9.7 0.9 2.6 2 o 1.6 2.4 4.2 1.4 o 1.6 1.2 .o 10.0 o 3.8 .8 1.6 2.3 3.8 r_o .9 1.5 1.1 .6 5.6 o 3.1 .8 2.0 2.0 d,o .9 1.5 1.0 _o 4.0 o 2.6 ,7 2.6 1.7 1.8 .9 1.5 1.0 .6 3.4 1.0 2.0 -o ta L-5 2.8 1.9 .8 1.5 1.0 .6 2.8 t.l 2.O .6 3.8 2.6 2.4 1.0 l-o 1.1 .o 2.1 2.0 .o D.O l.o 2.6 2.2 1.4 1.6 1.1 .5 2.0 2.7 2.0 .4 4.1 1.5 2.O 2.0 1.9 3.15 1.0 ., 1.9 2.4 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.7 4.65 1.0 .D 1.8 2.1 2.0 3.2 r_o 2.0 1.9 2.8 d.o 1.0 .6 1.8 1.9 1.9 .2 2.9 1.4 2.O 2.4 2.5 1.4 .6 1.6 1.9 1.9 .2 2.5 1.4 2.0 1.7 1.6 2.2 1.6 -o 1.4 1.9 1.8 .0 2.4 1.4 1.9 l.o 1.6 2.2 l.o .o 1.4 I 1.8 .0 3.8 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.2 1.4 1.4 o 1.7 .0 3.5 t.t 3.0 1.9 2.2 1.4 .6 1.4 8 .0 3.0 1.6 1.6 2.5 1.8 2.7 .q 1.3 7 .0 ,a 3.0 1.6 2.4 1.9 2.0 1.6 .o 1.3 o .0 2.5 4.2 1.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.3 .o 1.3 o 1.7 .0 2.4 4.6 l.o 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.2 .8 1.2 1.5 to

aGage heights estimated October I and 2. 1896. POTOMAC AIVEE' DRAINAGE BASIN. 37

Duilg gage height, in feet, oJ Shenondoah Rhter at Millttille, W. Va'-Con'

Apr. Mav, Jule. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jau. tr'eb. _1-

q o.o r.o 1.8 1.9 1.6 t.2 e 1.1 l.b 1.5 o 2.3 4.6 1.6 2.0 r.o 1.2 .8 l.l t.o l.o 23...... o 2,2 4.0 t.o l.o 2.2 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.4 24...... 2.4 2.2 3.5 r.o 1.6 2.0 3.0 1.0 .6 1.0 1.6 1.4 ...... ,.. 5.1 1.8 3.0 1.5 r.o 1.9 1.0 .6 1.0 1.6 26...... o.o t.7 2.5 1.4 t.D 1.8 2.6 .9 .6 1.0 1.4 l -o 4.35 1.6 2.8 1.5 1.8 2.0 .9 .6 1.0 1.4 1.6 28...... 3.35 1.5 2.7 t.4 1.4 2:2 .8 .6 1.0 1.8 29...... 2.0 2.0 2.7 1.4 1.,r r.o .8 .6 1.0 1.4 1.8 30...... 1.9 ' 2.6 1.4 1.4 1.9 1.4 .8 c. /o 1.0 1.6 1.8 31...... 1.7 4.0 l' l 1.3 .8 .9 1.8

1897. 1...... 1 cl.6 1.1 3.8 2.1 1.5 1.6 1.1 1.1 .o .9 a.8 2...... 1 1.5 1.1 3.6 ,l 1.8 1.6 1.0 1.0 _o .9 .8 1.4 1.6 3.6 2.0 9.35 t.0 o .5 .9 t.4 2.O 3.6 2.0 1.7 1.0 o .6 .b 1.1 .8 1.3 2.2 3.6 2.2 1.7 l.l o .o .5 1.4 1.0 1.3 J_O 2.4 4.7 1.9 1.0 1.5 .6 .5 1.1 1.8 l, 1.3 6.4 3.6 1.8 .8 .9 .35 .8 1.2 2.4 .8 .9 .5 .35 .8 l.l 1.2 3.0 2.9 1.6 .8 o .6 .35 .9 'L t.l 6.1 2.8 2.5 1.6 .8 .8 .4 135 .8 .9 1.1 5.4 2.7 tt 1.4 .4 .4 .8 1.1 4.8 2.6 L.4 t.l 1.0 .4 .o ,7 .0 1.4 4.1 2.6 2.3 2.5 L.+ 1.0 .9 -t .o o 14...... 6.0 2.8 2.3 4.35 1.0 .8 .o .o 1.0 16...... 4.7 2.8 2.3 o.o 1.3 1.2 .5 1.7 16...... o. /t 2.2 4.9 1.3 o 7 .o .65 2.4 Ir...... 5.9 3.6 2.2 3.9 r-t .9 7 .4 .5 .7 2.7 1e 5.3 3.4 2.1 d.o 1.2 .9 .7 ,.4 .45 .6 19...... ,...... 4.9 3.2 2.1 1.2 .8 .o .4 .6 1.8 20...... 1.O 2.0 2.5 1.6 1.9 _o .{ .4 .t 1.6 21...... 4.3 J.O 1.9 2.6 1.6 2.6 .6 .45 .6 1.3 ,9 6.45 3.4 1.8 2.4 2.6 .6 -o .6 1.3 23...... 10.05 3.3 1.8 t.t 1.8 .6 .5 .0 1.3 24...... r0.05 3.2 t.7 2.2 1.2 1.5 1.0 .o .oo -oo 1.3 o. / 0 t.7 2,2 1.1 l.d 1.3 .D 1.3 .8 .o 2.0 20. . . . . : ...... o.a I LO 2.2 l.l 1.2 1.0 .o o o tl -,.. -. ... - -... 4.6 1.5 1.8 1.1 1.1 .o .8 1.6 28...... 4.6 5 t.o 1.6 1.0 1.2 .8 .D .8 .9 t -o m...... 4 1.4 1.6 1.0 1.5 .8 1.5 30...... 2.1 1.4 1.6 .9 1.3 .4 .8 .6 t.2 31...... 2.O 1.6 1.1 .8.. .9 1.1

r898. 1...... 1.5 b2.l 4.0 2.3 1.9 2.2 l.o .9 2.8 2.1 2...... 1.3 2.r 3.9 2.2 1.8 1.4 1.5 .9 2.4 2.1 1.65 1.0 2.6 2.1 3...... t.2 1.8 2.0 1.7 t.2 4...... 1.7 3.0 10 1.6 .: 1.4 1.5 1.0 2.5 5...... 1.0 2.1 2.8 1.7 1.6 l'g 6-O 1.4 1.2 2.1 5.4

clce conditions during January md Derembc, 24 to 31, 1897. 0Ie conditiom duiug Febroary, 1898. 38 IIYDBOGRABI{Y OF VIN6}I]Y.IA.

Dai.ly oage height, in feet, ol Shenandoah Bi,oer at Mill.aitte, W . V a.-Con.

Day. Feb. Mu. Apr. Mav. July. I Aug. Sept. I Oct. Nov. Dec.

1808. o...... l r.2 1.6 1.1 2.6 6 .9 8.3 t.4 1.8 t2.0 6.0 7...... t .9 1.8 1.0 2.4 2.0 .9 4.1 1.4 r.5 12.0 4.6 8.... 1.3 1.8 1.0 6.3 o 1.9 1.4 1.7 | 1.9 3.8 9.... lo 1.6 1.0 2.2 8.9 2 .9 3.9 1.3 1.5 I I.9 3.0 1t 10...... 1.1 o 2.0 7.4 I o 6.0 1.3 1.4 | 1.8 2.8 11...... l 1.6 1.3 .9 1.8 5.4 I .8 1.1 1.3 | 1.9 2.6 12...... 1 1.2 1.3 t.7 4.4 I 10.0 1.1 1.2 | 1.8 2.4 13...... i 2.0 l.l o I.7 0 6.0 l.l 1.0 I 1.7 2.4 14...... l 19 l l .9 L.7 3.3 .7 5.1 l.l 1.0 | 1.8 2.2 to...... t 2.0 1.1 o 2.2 2.9 4 7 4.1 1.0 r.0 I r.7 1.9 10...... 1 3.6 1.0 o 4.5 2.8 .7 3.9 1.0 1.0 | 1.7 2.2 l7.. .. '''...1 2e .9 1.1 t.o 2.7 .7 3.6 1.0 r.1 | 1.7 2.2 rlt...... 1 2.6 o 4.4 7 3.4 l.l 1.1 I 1.7 2.2 IJ.... 1.0 2.0 3.8 2.2 9 .8 2.8 1.0 7.75 | r.8 2.3 20..._ ' .....1 2.r 1.0 2.1 4 2.1 8 o 3.4 1.0 8.4 12.3 2.O 2t_... 2.1 1.0 2.1 8 2.0 1.1 7 t.0 5.0 | 2.7 2.0 ,, . ..1 2.0 2.0 6 2.0 1.1 1.0 5.0 t'2.5 2.0 23...... 1 2.o 1.9 2.4 1.0 1.1 9.1 | 2.5 2.3 24.... t.9 2 2.9 I 5.7 | 2.5 2.9 25.... 2.9 2.1 3.4 0 4.4 | 2.3 4.0 26.... 1.2 3.1 2.1 2.9 2.0 3.5 12.3 27.... ''' '''| 2,6 l l 2.9 2.1 2.4 1.6 3.4 | 2.2 3_0 28..., ....1 2.4 1.1 2.6 2.4 1.8 2.2 l2.0 2.8 to 2.6 2.2 ,L 1.6 3.0 | 2.0 2.5 r.o 2.9 ,t 2.1 2.6 1.6 1.0 2.9 | 2.2 2.4 31...... 1 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.6 2.5 t.,.... 2.3

b2.5 b2.3 3.1 1.7 2.05 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.55 0.8 2.2 2.1 3.0 1.6 2.35 .9 .8 .9 .7 2.75 .8 2.8 1.7 2.8 1.6 3.0 .8 .9 .9 .lo 2..6 2.0 1.6 2.1 .8 1.3 1.1 2.4 3.- 3 2.4 2.6 2.0 1.8 .6 .9 .8 1.9 .lo 3.8 2.5 1.9 t_D .8 .8 7 .7 1.8 .4.6 1.9 t.4 .7 l.l -a 1.6 o., 2.5 2.5 1.8' 1.4 .8 1.0 7 1.4 5.0 3.1 2.0 1.5 .9 1.2 .7 .8 t.J 4.5 2.3 o.u:: 3.0 4 1.0 1.0 7 .6 t.2 3.8 o.a 2.9 3.1 o 1.6 .8 l.l .to 5.2 2.7 8 .8 .9 t.2 .6 1.0 .lo c.o 2.6 6 .8 .8 .9 .7 1.0 .9 3.0 2.3 4.0 ZD 7 .7 .8 1.0 2.9 2.9 2.4 4.0 2.4 2 .7 .8 .8 .9 2.2 3.0 4_0 2.3 I .9 .7 .7 .o o 1.9 to 2.7 4.5 2.2 I t.2 .8 .8 .7 .o .9 1.6 to 3.0 3.9 2.2 1.9 1.1 .7 .8 .6 .o .8 1.4 2.9 3_0 3.8 2.2 1.0 .7 .8 .6 .D .9 1.3 2.8 3.8 2.2 1.0 .7 .8 .6 .8 1.2 2.6 4.0 3.8 22 2.Q 1.0 .7 .9 .6 .8 1.2 2.4 c 1.9 1.9 .9 .7 .6 .9 .o .8 l.l 2.4 3.5 1.9 1.7 1.0 .6 .6 l.D .6 .8 1.1 ae 2.4 I.9 1.7 .9 .6 _o 1.1 ,o .8 l.l

oGage height estimated August ll. 1898. ble conditions Januarv f to Februe-]' 21, lgg9. cRiver frozen February 22 to March g, 1g9g. No readings taken. POTOMAC R,IVEB DR,AINAGE BASIN. 3g

Mi14 gaga haight, in feet, ol Shenaniloah Rioer at Millvillc:; W,. Va,-.Con.

JAn. I IeD. Mm. Apr. I May. I Juno July. Aug:lSept.lOci.

2.4 3.1 1.8 1.6 o 1.0 6 .8 1.3 2.3 3.0 2.0 1.5 .0 .o .o .9 .85 1.2 2.5 2.9 1.9 1.5 o .0 .6 o D .do 2.3 2.9 1.8 1.4 .6 .7 .9 .8 1.4 2.2 3.0 1.8 1.4 .9 .6 .8 .8 .6 .8 l_65 2.1 3.6 1.3 1.0 l_o 1.0 .6 .8 2.1 3.3 1.6 1.0 1t .:

t. 2.1 3.0 2.551 1.8 I 1.5 1.3 1.15 0.6 0.6 0.8 2.O tt r.2 4.8 2.5 I 1.75i 1.5 t.25 1.0 .o .7 .6 1"7 t.2 1.6 o.t 2.4 | r.7 1r.3 1.25 1.05 .6 .7 .8 l.D ,t.2 lc l.D 4.8 2.251 1.6 I 1.3 1.0 .o .7 .9 1.6 2 a2.0 3.9 2.211.611.3 t.2 .9 .to .6 .9 2.25 q2.0 1.25 1.3 .85 .oo o 4.8 5 2.9 2.0 1.15 1.1 .8 .5 .o .& 3.6 2.8 I 1.1 1.0 .la .45 _t .9 2.8 2.7 85 .95 .9 .46 .U 3.4 15 6 8 1.0 .85 .45 .6 .8 2.2 5 ? .95 .8 .7 .45 .oo .8 1.9 I 711.3i.9 .8 .oo .45 .D .8 t.76 3 ; I ;; 1; ..8 -o .8 r.o I 1.7 1.2: .9 .lo ,o .4 .7 t.t 3.8 1 7lr.2 lr.1 .lt .6 .9 1.4 1 6 I 1.15 1.3 .7 .D .5 1.1 . to 1.35 1.2 2.8 t 6 I 1.1 2.3 .7 .o .6 o 1.3 r. 15 2.5 0 55 11.1 2.7 .65 .6 _aD .8 .7 t.2 t.2 0 6 | 1.2 4.5 .6 1.1 .8 .@ 1.15 1,8 2.2 65 | 1.1 3.7 t.2 .6 .8 .7 .@ 1.15 6.0 z.D 5.95 1 | 1.9 3.0 .8 .ot -o .6 Ll 5.9 6.2 2.4 | r.9 2.6 1.0 .6 .o .co .@ 1.0 4.35 4.7 2.58 | 1.7 2.1 1 .D 1.0 5_9 3.9 3.0 | 1.6 1.9 I .6 .D .D .7 1.0 2.8 3.45 3.0 11.4 1.7 2 .6 .8 .7 1.0 2.5 3.8 2.7 r.25 ot 2 _oo 2.1 1.1 1.0 2.% 3.4 0 2.5 I5 45 1 .oo .45 1.6 2.r 0 2.8 95 2.3 | | 1.5 .7 .5 1.25 4.5 o I 8 2.15 | | JO 1.3 .o .D 1.1 3.15 o 8 7 2.0 | 1 1.3 ,oo .95 2.45 .9 85 1 t.2 .6 .9 .9

b0.9 61.5 0.7 2.0 3.0 .7 .8 2.8 3.7 0.95 1.3 .9 1.6 .7 r.vt 2.8 .2 2.7 .6 2.8 .95 1.2 .9 1.1 .7 2.7 .7 2.4 3.0 .9 1.25 'L .95 1.0 .lD 4.7 2.5 !E 2.2 .45 2.8 2.1 .9 1.5 a 1.2 .lD o.t llc .4 2.3 1.8 .9 t.7 'L .9 6 2.3 .6 2.0 .7 2.0 1.7 .9 1.8 .7 1.6 .8 2.2 .1 2.5 .1 1.9 I.D .do 1.9 .8 1.6 It 2.1 .9 2.6 .1 1.8 1.5 .85 1.8 1.2 .8 6 2.1 2.0 .8 16 .6C 1.7 oBackwater frcn im February 5 and 6, 19ffi. 6Water backed by ice during part of Janumy and tr'ebruary, 1901. 40 IIYDII,OGR.A,PHY OX' VIRGINIA.

Daily gage height, in feet, ol thenandoah Riaer at Milh:ille, W. Va.-Con.

Jan. Feb. Mar. apr' Mav June. July. aug.

aL.2 .8 5.5 1.9 7 1.5 t.4 .85 t.7 1.2 t.7 2.85 3.25 3.1 1.8 2 1.S .85 l:7 .9 2.6 4.2 2.8 1 85 1.5 r. do .85 r.7 r.2 5.3 2.4 J.A 2.6 2.1 1 1.9 1.35 .85 2.0 1.3 3.9 3.0 3.0 t.o 3.0 3.4 1.6 1.4 .8 2.O 1.3 t0.25 to 2.6 1.35 .8 7.36 1.5 9.6 2.5 o.6 o.6 2.2 1.6 1.3 .8 10.5 1.0 2.4 6.1 10.1 5.2 2.75 1.5 1.2 .8 6.2 o 2.2 4.9 2.25 5.7 4.2 2.6 l.o 1.1 .8 4.7 .8 2.0 2.2 4.6 4.3 2.6 1.45 l.t .8 3.8 .8 1.8 4.6 2.15 3.9 3.9 2.6 1.4 1:1 I 3.2 .8 2.0 10.55 2.0 d.t 3.5 2.2 1.3 1.0 .8 2.8 o 2.2 b 2.5 5.7 3.2 2.1 1.25 1.0 .8 t.2 .9 8.5 11.1 o.o 2.7 2.0 1.2 I.0 1.0 1.2 'L .8 a.oo o,o 8.4 3.8 2.4 1.9 t.2 1.1 2.4 2.5 .9 5.3 6.3 2.2 2.2 1.15 1.0 2.7 2.4 .6 8 6.0 2.9 2.O 2.1 r.15 1.0 2.3 1.8 .8 2.1 6.7 2.9 2.1 2.2 1.1 1.0 1.8 2.4 2.1 o 6.2 3.1 1.85 1.1 1.0 t.7 2.6 5 o.t 2.7 1.8 2.6 1.0 l.o 4.O o.o 3.0 1.85 5.3 1.0 1.3 10.8 .'.i. 2.15 4.9 3.0 1.0 6

c3. I 14.5 6.lo 2.2 1.45 1.3 0.65 o.e lo.8 2.7 o.d 2.85 9.0 3.4 2.t5 1.4 1.2 .65 851 .8 2.46 4.5 3.0 7.2 3.2 2.2 1.35 1.15 .6 81.8 3.1 4.0 3.0 3.1 2.25 r.3 1.1 .6 .7 | .8 6.C 8 o.u 2.5 2.1 1.3 1.05 .6 91.75 4.5 3.25 o 4.5 2.8 2.05 1.3 -s 1.0 | .75 3.4 3.0 8 4.2 2.6 2.0 t.4 -o 81.7 et dc 7 4.2 2.8 4.0 |.25 UC 1.05 .oo lo | .a ao 2 o.D 6.0 2.7 1.2 05 1.0 -o 1.r I .7 2.9 6 2.2 7.8 6.9 2.4 1.0 .9 .D 1.0. | .65 2.65 D 2.1 8.0 7.2 2.1 .vc .8 .e | .65 2.6 2.2 7.4 6.2 2.0 .9 .8 .oo 1.0 | .0 2.36 25 2.1 7.2 5.6 2.0 I o .8 .5 r.2 | .65 2.8 2.4 2.0 7.0 5.0 r. vc 0 .9 .8 .5 r.75 | .7 3.4 2.2 2.1 6.0 4.4 1.9 I .8 .8 .D 1.55 | .65 3.4 2.1 t.t o.u 3.9 1.8 .8 .lb .D 1.3 I .6 3.4 2.O lo D.Z 3.6 1.7 2 .8 .7 .5 1.15 | .65 4.4 1.9 2.0 o.v 3.4 t.7 1.1 .8 7 .5 1.0 | .8 4.3 1.85 2.0 5.0 t.75 1.6 .to .6D e5l .8 4.0 1.8 l7 4.4 3.0 8 1.4 .lo .8 .D .e1.9 3.5 1.9 1.0 4.1 2.8 ID 1.2 .8 .8 -o 851 .8 -3.1 2.4 3.8 1.2 .8 .8 .6 81.9 2.9 4.5 t.o 2.6 @ 1.1 .8 .8 .lc 1.0 2.7 2.9 3.9 2.5 o I .lo .d .oo 7 1.0 2.8 o 4.7 2.4 o 2 -lo .lu -ot 1.0 2.3 d 2.95 o 2 .8 .lD .6 .7 1.2 2.2 d 2.8 2.25 2.2 15 1.0 -o .m 2.0 2.t 11.0 2.2 1.1 o .o .9 2.5 2.1 I 3.0 2.2 1.3 1.3 .oo .85 2.4 2.1 6 3.8 2.2 1.4 1.3 -oD 1.0 .8 1.9 d.t 3.9 .oa ,., .5 1.8

aWata backed bv ice duins part of 'Ianuary and Februry, 1901. bNo readins: rivdr out of banls April 22 and DeemberSl, 1901. cle conditions dwing part of February, 1902. d['lmd: no obwation February 26 to 27, 1902. POTOIIAO BIVEN DRAINAC}E BASIN. 4I

Dailg gage height, in feet, ol Shenandoah Bher aL Millaille, W. Va.-Con.

Dav. Jan. Feb. Mu. I Apr. I May. I June. I July. Aug. Sept. I Oct.

1903. 1...... 1.7 4.0 7.2 6.4 2.6 4.4 4.6 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.7 2...... r.7 3.6 D.O 5.0 2.4 3.8 4.2 r.35 2.2 1.1 .9 3...... 6.1 5.0 4.4 2.3 3.0 2.7 1.1 .9 4...... ,... 8.7 3.3 L' 4.1 2.2 r.o 2.05 1.05 .9 .65 5...... 5.9 3.8 3,8 3.9 2.t5 2.2 2.5 1.6 1.05 .95 -o 6...... 4.2 3.5 2.1 2.0 3.4 1.9 t _oo 1.0 1.0 .o 4.0 3.7 3.25 3.5 2.1 3.9 4.65 2.0 1.45 1.0 .9 .o 8...... t.o 3.3 2.05 9.2 1.7 1.3 1.8 .9 .oo o 2.7 d,o 3.3 2.0 6.5 2.3 r.o 1.25 .9 .0 10...... 2.8 2.5 3.4 3.3 1.9 8.9 2.0 1.55 1.2 2.0 .9 .8 11 ...... 2.3 3.3 l.& 4.9 1.95 1.4 t.2 1.8 .9 a 12...... 2.7 2.1 3.0 1.8 4.6 10 1.4 1.3 i.65 .9 13...... 2.2 2.3 3.2 3.1 |.75 0 2.7 1.36 1.2 1.55 .9 14...... 2.3 3.0 5.4 L,t 3 2.6 1.3 l:2 1.5 .do .8 15...... 2.O 2.6 2.95 7.8 o 2.8 1.3 t.2 1.4 .85 ..8 16...... 2.3 2.6 2.8 o.o 1.65 I 2.7 1.25 1.1 l;8 .85 al.l 17...... _..... 2.2 3.3 2.7 6.1 l. Do 8 2.2 t.25 1.3 1.3 .9 .o 18...... 2.35 4.6 2.6 o.u 1.6 6 2.O 1' 2.1 t.26 .9 19...... 2.3 4.1 2.55 4.4 1.55 to r.o 4.6 t.2 .85 .8 20...... 1r95 3.0 3.9 l.aD 2.1 1.8 1.45 3.1 It .85 .9 21...... '2'.2 3.4 2.5 l.o 2.0 1.7 2.7 t.2 .85 l.l 22...... 3.6 o.o 2.5 3.6 1.5 2.0 r. oo LZO 1.16 .85 1.0 23 ...... 6.0 3.0 4,t l.o 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.1 .8 1.2 24...... 3.4 3.0 7.3 3.1 1.5 1.9 1.55 1.1 1.6 1.05 .8 1.4 25...... 2.8 3.2 7.6 3.0 1.5 1.85 1.5 1.05 1.5 1.0 .8 1.2 ' 26...... 2.6 d.o o.l 2.9 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.0 t.4 1.0 .8 .8 2.3 3.6 4.3 2.8 1.8 2.65 1.45 .vo 1.3 1.0 -lo .9 28...... 3.35 3.8 2.7 1.7 l.€ 1.1 t. .95 1.0 29 ...... 6.9 it 2.65 Lt 1.3 1.8 t.2 .95 .o .9 30...... 6.2 3.4 1.85 a-t 1.26 1.25 1.16 .96 .8 81...... 4.5 o-o ill 2.05 t.25 t.2 .95 I .8

1904.

1...... 0.8 1.8 3.3 4.0 1.5 1. 15 0.6 0.45 0.46 b0.46 2...... 85 1.8 3.3 2.6 1.4 1.05 .6 .46 .46 3...... 1.2 1.75 2.7 1.3 1.1 _o .4 .5 4...... 1.2 t.7 2.1 1.2 |.25 .6 .4 .o .6 6...... 1.0 1.6 2.15 2.6 l.l t.4 .o .4 .45 .6 6...... 1.0 1.5 2.1 2.85 1.2 1.4 .o .4 .45 .661 7...... 1.1 1.5 1.95 4.0 1.15 1.7 .6 .r15 .45 .6 8...... 1.1 1.5 2.0 90 1.3 1.8 .6 .45 .45 .5 9...... ,... 1.3 l_o 2.0 2.4 1.26 1.45 .N .4 .5 10...... 1.2 Ll 2.15 1.35 1.4 .@ .4 .4 .o I I ...... t.2 2.45 z.D 2.0 5.6 1.35 .o .4 .6 .60 12...... 1.1 2.4 2.45 1.85 6-l 1.4 .D .D .45 .D 13...... 1.1 2.2 2.3 t.75 2.8 1.35 .o .o .D .65 14...... 1.0 ti 2.05 r.o 2.1 1.3 .6 .D .o .w 15...... 1.0 1.75 1.9 1.4 t.75 1.1 o .o .o .lo 16...... 1.0 1.65 r.85 1.35 1.5 1.05 o .6 .c .6 1.0 1.6 1.8 7.4 \.4 1.0 .8 .o .D 1.66 18...... 1.0 1.55 1.8 l.m 1.3 1.0 .to .o .o 1.8 19...... 1.1 1.45 1.9 t.4 .s5 .7 .5 .to 1.56

aBackwatei Deember 16, 19G|. DBackwater duing put of Deember, 1904. 42 IIYDROGBAPIIY OF VI3CIIN'h/\.

Duilg gage height, in.feet, ol Shmondaafr Bioer at Mi.lttille, W. f/a.-Con.

Dav' Jsa. Feb. M*. apL Mav. June Julv.lAus.l&pt. Oct. Nov. I Dec.

19U.

1.1 t.D 1.45 2.3 r.35 t.2 .9 .65 .45 .o I -d 1.3 1.45 1.3 3.5 1.6 t.2 .9 .6 .o .5t.7 1.6 t.D 1.25 2.95 r.7 t.2 .85 .@ .6 .51.7 2.3 1.6 t.2 2.45 1.9 1. l5 o .6 .o .o | -t 2.6 1.6 r.l5 2.73 t.6 1.1 .8 .D .D .61.7 1.65 1.1 2.0 1.48 t.2 .9 .D .o 51 .8 1.8 1.1 1.95 1.3 1.3 .8 -t _o .46 | 1.15 1.85 1.3 2.3 t.2 1.2 . to ,o .45 45 | 1.1 1.8 2.5 1.95 l.l5 1.1 .o .4' .45 | 1.3 r.75 4.3 t.7 1.1 1.1 .6 .5 45 | 2.25 t.7 3.85 t.7 1.25 .D .45 45 | r.2 1.7 r.55 il l.l .6 ....1 t.l

1905.

1...... 1.0 r.4 | 3.35 t.2 1.2 1.9 2.1 1.15 0.6 0.7 0.6 2...... vo t.2 | 2.75 2.05 1.15 t.2 r.75 1:0 .D .6 .aa 1.9 l.l5 1.5 t,ao .95 .5 .65 .65 1.4 1.3 | 2.8 1.8 1.1 1.2 1.6 .9 .D .65 -o 1.6 1.2 I 2.8 t.6 1.1 1.1 6 2 1.0 ,o .65 ,6 1.55 1.2 I a4.1 2.0 1.0 1.0 6 1 1.05 .o .o .6 2.1 r.2 | 2.5 2.45 1.0 1.15 d 1.1 1.0 .D .@ 1.35 8...... 2.8 r.25 | 2.5 2.45 1.0 2.0 I l.l 1.0 .o .65 t.2 9...... 2.5 r.25 | 2.8 2.3 .95 t.2 3 1.1 .95 .5 .@ 1.1 10 ...... 2.0 1.3 | 3.7 2.1 .95 1.0 2.1 1.05 .8 .5 .@ 1.0 11...... 8 r.35 | 4.75 2.O 1.0 1.0 1.9 1.05 .8 .a -o .96 t2...... o 1.45 I 4.3 1.95 1.0 1.1 2.O 1.0 .85 .55 .6 .9 13...... 0 r.4 | 3.3 1.9 1.0 .9 2.8 .95 .8 .7 .o .85 14...... o t.25 | 3_2 1.8 .vc .5 2.6 .95 .8 .o .8 15...... ,..... o r.25 | 2.9 t.7 2.0 .8 3.8 1.1 .8 .6 .8 16...... 2.5 1.3 12.6 1.7 2.0 .lo 5.3 I'l -tb .6 .8 t7...... 2.0 t.55 | 2.4 L65 2.1 3.3 3.2 .8 .U .6 .8 2.0 r.55 | 2.3 1.6 2.3 2.7 2.3 .8 .65 .0 .6 2.0 r.5 | 2.2 1.5 2.1 .7 2.3 1.9 .85 .65 .D o 1.6 | 2.1 t'45 1.8 2.O 1.6 .8 .65 .tD .9 1.55 | 2.4 1.4 1.7 o 1.8 t.4 .8 .o .o 2.31 r.6 | 2.7 1.4 t.o 3.3 1.6 1.3 .8 .6 .6 4.1 1.55 | 4.0 1.4 1.4 3.2 r.6 1.2 .8 .o .6 5.3 r.6 13.4 1.35 1.3 3.5 2.8 1.1 .8 .0 .6 2.0 | 3.2 1.3 1.3 5.9 2.4 1.1 .lo .o .o 3.6 2.2 | 3.6 1.2 1.2 4.8 2.2 1.9 .6 .D .6 s.2 2.6 | 3.2 1.2 .9 3.5 1.9 2.1 .o .8 .o 2.i5 3.0 12.9 1..2 1.0 3.0 1.6 1.8 .o .9 .6 2.4 1.3 1.0 2.5 1.4 1.5 -s .85 ,6 2.2 ...1 2.5 1.3 1.0 2.1 1.9 1.25 -oo .86. .6 2.3 .....t 2.3 1.1 1.1 .o 2.9

cBeekwattr Mrch 6. 1905 POTOMAC R,IVER, DII,AINA.GE BASIN. 43

Eating table jar Shenanil,oah Ri:oer at MiIJviII,e, W. Va., lroqt Aprdl, Ig96, to Febntmg 6, 1897, and, lrorn Morch 8j 7904, to Dec. 51, 1905.

Gage Eeieht. rgffi, Discbuge Disabsrge. J

Pad. Sacond-ted. FeL Seund-feet. Peet. SecmnlcA.

0.30 430 2-00 2,380 3.70 6 ,100 ll 6.80 77 ,840 0.40 480 2.10 2,560. 3.80 6,380 11 7.00 18,800 0.50 540 2.20 2 ,750 3. S0 6 ,670 ll 7 .20 r9,780 0.60 610 2.30 2,940 4.00 6 ,960 ll 7.4o N,780 0.70 690 2.40 3,r30 4.20 7 ,560 ll 7. 60 2l ,820 0.80 780 2.50 3,330 4.40 8 ,200 il 7.80 22,880 ,0..s0 880 2.60 3,530 4.60 8,860 ll 8.00 24,02Q 1.00 980 2.70 3,730 4.80 I ,540 ll 8.20 25,2N 1.10 r. ,090 2.80 3,940 5.00 r0 ,260 ll 8.40 26,400 I .20 I ,200 2.90 4,150 5.20 11,020 il 8.60 27 ,700 I .30 | ,320 3.00 4,370 5.40 ll,780 ll 8.80 29,000 r.40 1 ,450 3. 10 4,600 5.60 12,580 ll 9.00 30,400 l .50 r ,580 3.20 4,840 5.80 13 ,400 ll 9. 20 31 ,800 r.60 | ,720 3.30 5,080 6.00 14 ,240 ll I .40 33,200 r.70 I ,870 3.40 5,320 6.20 15 ,120 l' 9.60 34,600 1.80 2,030 3.50 5,570 6.40 16.000 ll L80 36,000 r.90 2,200 3.60 5 ,830 6.60 16,920 ll 10.00 37,500

The above table is strictly applicable only for open ehannel condiiions. It is bmed upon 14 dischrgermeasuments made during 1895 and 1904 to 1905. It is well clefined betwqen gage heights 0.4 feet and 5.2 feet Estimatc above 50 feet arc-bamd upon a discharge curve wbich is the product of a=well tlefned ma curve and a fairly accurate x- tension of the velocity cuwe. The dischuge curyes lggb to 1g0b re the sme above 10.0 fet ga,g€ loight, IIYDR,OGRAPHY OF VIRGINIA.

Rating table lor Shenondoah Riaer at Milbille, W. Vo.,lrom February 10, 1897 to Januory 24, 1904.

Dischrge Gae€ Discharge Egffit oi"u*t* Eeight ]

Fad^ Secmd-fed- Fad,. ge@d-td" Fa- Smil-fed. Fea Swmilled.

0.20 470 2.10 2 ,770 4.00 7,380 6.80 r8,300 0.30 520 2.20 2,960 4. 10 7 ,700 7.00 t9,220 0.40 580 2.30 3,150 4.20 ' 8,020 7.20 ?,0,r40 0.50 650 2.40 3,350 4.30 8,340 7.40 21 ,100 0.60 730 2.50 3,560 4.40 8,680 7.60 22,060 0.70 820 2.60 3,770 4.50 9,020 7.80 23,060 0.80 910 2.70 3,990 4.60 I,360 8.00 24,060 0.90 I ,010 2.80 4,210 4.70 9,700 8.20 25,100 '1.00 t,L20 2.90 4,440 4.80 10,060 8.40 26,2N 1.10 I ,230 3.00 4,670 4.90 t0,420 8.60 27,300 1.20 1 ,350 3. 10 4,910 5.00 10 ,800 8.80 28,500 1 .30 1 ,480 3.20 5,r50 5.20 11 ,560 9.00 29,800 1.40 1 ,620 3.30 5,400 5.40 t2,320 9.20 3r ,200 r .50 r ,760 3.40 5,650 5.60 13 ,120 9.40 32,700 r .60 I ,910 3.50 5,910 5.80 13,940 9.60 34,200 1.70 2 ,070 3.60 6,180 6.00 14,780 9.80 35,800 1.80 2,240 3.70 6,460 6.20 15,640 10.00 37,500 1.90 2,4tO 3.80 6,760 6.40 16 ,520 2.00 2,590 3.90 7,060 6.60 17 ,400

The sbove table is strictly applicable only for opm chamel conditions. It is bared upon 14 dbcbarge mmurementr made during 1897 to 190& It is well defired hetwen gage heights 0.5 feet and 5.0 fet. POTOMAC RIYER DR,AINAGE BASIN. 45

Estimated, monthly iltischarge ol Shenaniloah Ritlcr at MillDille, W. Va. (Drainage area, 2,995 squme miles.)

Dischrrge in *ond-feet. Precipitatiol,

P* ---T--- De.pth ent. r- | Lom of per ln of . i^"'r{L" sq. mL inches. nrecioi- I i"Jfr*. ianon.

1895.

January. 5.54 February...... 1.34 March.. 2.73 April 15 to 30. . . 4,600 a3.78 May.... 20,780 65 3.28 June. . . 3,130 l4 4.14 3.54 July.. . . 7 ,260 16 4.44 3.72 August. r ,580 t7 1.82 r .51 September... . . I ,320 4t .66 .39 October.. 610 20 r.06 .85 November...... 690 ID 1.57 r .34 December...... I ,450 I 3.09 2.80

33.45

1r ,400 880 2,434 .813 .s37 38 2.49 r.55 12,580 1 ,450 3,709 1.24 l .34 35 3.78 2.44 12,180 I ,450 3,842 L.28 1.48 35 4.25 2.77 8,860 I ,450 2,807 .937 1.05 85 t.24 .19 4,370 I ,090 2,127 .7r0 .819 36 2.Al 1.46 3,940 780 2,056 .686 .765 13 5.7r 4.95 9,030 |,320 2,858 .954 1.10 18 6.21 5.11 r ,870 780 1 ,150 .384 .443 t4 3.20 2.76 13,190 540 1 ,042 .348 .388 5 7.22 6.83 r39,700 880 7 ,768 2.59 2.95 623 .48 .51 4,840 880 I ;835 .613 .684 r6 4.16 3.48 6,380 I 2,296 ,450 .767 .884 383 .23 -.65

2,827 .o++ | rz.ss 28.37 oPrecipitation for whole month, April, 1ggi. DEstimts Ociober 1 zad 2, 1896, approximate. IIYDSOGR,A?I{Y OX' VIRGINII.A.

Dsbitnateil rnonthly ilischarge ol Shmorulnah Riter d' Milhille, W. Va.-Con.

Discharge ia remnd:fet. Ruofr. Pruipittiion.

Per Month. De.pth cetrt, Ips of In in Msximm. Minimum. Men. per. u of inohs. 8q. u. inchec p*grpi- inch* tatDn 18e7.

I rJanuary. I r,720 e8o I r,22o .407 J .46e 33 r-*r .94 February (25 da).] 37,870 I 11 ,680 3.e0 3.63 b6 .28 ,0e0 | I | 81 2.34 .& March.. .l 6 ,760 2,5sa14,e46i1.65 | t* April.. . .l a,sso r,620 | 2,67r I .8e2 | .ees 53 1.90 .90 May....r. . . .l 30,620 1,760 1 6,24312.o8 12.4o 47 5. 13 2.73 ,Iune... .l 2,410 1,oroI 1,ffi2 1 545 I .608 19 3. 18 2.57 cJuly...... :...1 a,zzo e10 .54s 13 4.14 3.59 11,426J *ul August. .l 1,760 73ol s87l .3301 .380 27 I .41 1.03 September...... l 1,350 5801 6641 .2221 .248 25 1 .01 . /o 1 ,010 550 692 .231 I ,620 650 85q .287 3.S90 820 I ,619 .541

1898.

January. . 6,180 I ,010 2,435 .813 .937 3 .05 2.11 dFebruary 2 ,770 I ,010 | ,612 .538 .560 . tD .19 March.. 5,650 1 ,010 2,227 .744 .858 3. 73 2.87 April.. . 13,120 2,070 4 ,353 r.+o 1 .62 2.66 1.04 Mry. 29,r50 2,O70 5,7rr 1 .91 2.20 5.21 3 .01 June. . . 2,410 t ,t20 r ,647 .550 .614 2.86 2.25 eJuly.. . 3,770 820 r,249 .417 .481 4.18 3.70 lAugust. 50,900 I ,350 8 ,164 2.73 3. 15 I .lo 4.58 September...... I ,835 |,rz0 r ,360 .454 .506 t.97 1.46 October.. 30,500 I ,010 5,684 1 .90 2.r9 7. 10 4.91 November...... 4,2r0 2,070 2,827 .944 1 .05 t.79 .74 December...... 14,780 2,4t0 4,498 r.73 3.13 1 .40

3 ,481 1.16 lrs.oo 1 36 28.26 aIre conditiom duriag January and Decembq 24-31, 1897. No corrmtions mde in 6timet6. bPrecipitation for whole monih February, 1897. cEsiimate Julv 11- 1897. iDtwolated. dlce rcnditions dririnc Februaiy. 1898. No correction made in estimates. eEstimate Julv 2. 1891. iotspolaied- /Gage heicht AuEust tl, 1899, *timated. Discharge approxiuate. POTOITAC RIVER DRS.TNAGE BASIIY. +t

Estimated monthly discharge ol Shenandoah Ri'aer at MiIlaiIIe, W. Va'-Con'

Month

l7 ,840 2 ,770 b,_tlt) t.7r 7,380 2 ,070 3 ,675 1.23 t2 ,720 4,440 7 ,065 2.36 I .93 4 ,910 2,070 3 ,289 1 .10 4 ,910 1 ,480 2,533 .846 .975 20 4.55 to 4,670 1 ,010 I ,607 .537 .599 2.09 1 ,760 730 877 .293 .338 t4 2.r7 1 ,910 650 oot .331 .382 10 3 .94 3.56 I ,760 730 e9e .330 .368 10 3.78 3.4r 910 650 /bD .262 .302 IO 2.34 ,fi4 .x) 5 ,150 910 I ,403 .468 .522 o+ .81 4,440 820 1 ,398 .467

oa9 44 1 .43 14,780 | 1 ,230 2 ,970 7.11 14,360 1 ,350 3 ,833 1.28 1 .33 36 J. ro 2.40 16 ,960 2 ,590 5 ,866 I .96 2.26 61 3.72 I .46 4,670 1 ,835 2,803 .936 1 .04 DO 1.89 .uo , 41n I ,230 1 ,689 .564 .650 27 I,020 I ,010 2,249 .75r .838 l4 5 .98 5.r4 4,2r0 I IO 1 ,374 .459 .529 !4 3.76 3.23 1 ,290 690 829 .277 .319 1.93 1 .61 qtq 1 ,230 580 696 .259 8 3. r4 2.88 2 ,770 650 947 .316 .364 1I 3.19 2.83 I ,020 730 1 ,453 .485 . )4r 18 904 2.40 ia 10,060 1 ,010 2,232 .l+D .859 1 .83 I .97

The year. 2 ,245 750 i 10.13 27 37 .r0 i 26.57 oIre conditions during January and February, 1899. No correction nade in estimate* DEstimates Februuy 12 and 13, i899, interpolated. cheipitation for whole months February and March, 1899. dBeckwater from ice February 5th and 6th, 1900. Discharge corrected. 48 HyDRocRAt,r{y orr vrRGrNrA.

Estimoteil mnnthly dhcharge ol Shenand.oah Rioer at Milltyi.ile, W. Vo._Con.

Dischmge in second-feet. Itun-ofr. Precipitation.

Monih.

190i.

oJanuary...... 5,910 820 1 ,812 .605 .698 30 2.31 r .61 oFebruary...... 3 ,150 730 1 ,315 .439 .457 139 .33 _. r3 March.. 20,620 820 3,376 1. 13 1.30 34 3.80 2.50 bApril., 50,000 2,500 12,840 4.29 4.75 6.24 r.45 May.. . . 45 ,520 2,550 8,704 2.91 3.36 5d 5. 82 2.46 June. . . 38,240 3,770 I,225 2.75 3.O7 4l I .A+ 4.47 July.. . . 13 ,940 | ,290 4,437 r.48 r.7l 39 4.38 2.67 August. 11,180 I ,620 3,528 1.18 r. 36 23 5.92 4.56 September...... 11,940 | ,230 2,496 .833 oto 3.78 2 .85 October.. 6 ,460 1 ,120 r ,769 .591 .681 99 .69 .01 November...... 3 ,990 910 I ,341 .448 .500 25 2.Ol 1 .51 bDecember...... 50,000 I ,350 8,124 , a1 3.12 5l 6.72 3.00

50,000 730 4,83r I .61 21 .98 48.94 26.96

tgo2.

January. . . . 21 ,r00 2,240 5 ,176 1.73 I i.99 74 2.69 .70 cFebruary.. '"i 50,000 | ,120 8,611 2.88 i3.00 ot +.+o r.46 March...... 77 ,900 4 ,100 13 ,880 4.63 | 5.34 r48 3.61 -t:73 April. . . . 20 ,r40 2,960 o,/6D 2.27 | 2.53 1r3 2.23 _.30 Mry...... 7 ,380 I ,760 2,606 .870 1.00 38 2.64 I .64 June...... I ,910 1 ,120 1 ,402 .468 .522 18 2.93 2.41 JuIy...... | ,620 865 1 ,097 .366 I .422 r9 2.17 1.75

August. . . . 2 ,4ro 775 | ,062 .355 l 409 l8 2.22 1 .81 September. 7 ,720 650 242 | .27O 10 2.59 2.32 October.. . . 2 ,155 llo I ,069 357 | .412 1l J.Ot 3.24 November. 3 ,560 730 I ,lo/ .386 I .431 13 3.21 2.78 December.. I.020 2,240 4,728 ,;;"L;; o+ 3.38 1 .56

The year 77 ,soo 650 4,025 l.ot 35.78 17.63

oslight backrvater during part of Janumy and February, 1901. No corrmtion made in estimates. b.{pril 22 and December 31, 1901, ri'er out of banks. Discharge estimated 50,000 sec.-feet. clce conditions during part of Februarl', 1902. No corestior made in estimaies. tr'ebruarv 26 and 27. 1902, riyer oui of banks. I)ischarge estimatred b0.000 sq,ortl-frei POTOITAC R,IVEII, DRAINAGE BASIN. 49

Estimated m.onthlg discharge of thenandoah Ritser at Millaillc, W. Va.-Con.

Dischuge in second-feet. llun-ofr. Precipitation. I

Lom of In in inches. inchw.

27 ,900 2 ,O70 6 ,802 2.27 2.62 64 4.08 r.4() I ,360 2 ,770 , 5 ,448 7.82 1.90 54 3.49 r .69 22,060 3 ,560 7 ,907 2.61 3.04 73 4. ra r.1l 23 ,060 3,665 7,880 2.63 2.93 8r 3.62 .69 3 ,56b 1 ,760 2.321 .775 .894 33 2.69 r .80 31 ,200 2 ,24O 7 ,448 2.49 2.78 I 36 7.63 4.85 I ,530 1 ,415 3 ,453 1. 15 1.33 43 3 .06 r .73 2,590 1 ,065 i 1 ,5e0 1 .531 I .612 17 3.53 ,o, I ,360 r,230 | 2,249 ',) .75r I .838 35 ,L' r .58 2,770 1,0651 1,454) .4851 .559J 23 2.39 I .83 r ,r20 730 e61 ! .321 .35s I 44 9.' .46 | ,620 650 927 .310 .357 i 38 .96 .60 i ,--- 31 ,200 650t 4,037lr.35 118.22 47 38.84 20.62 - 1904.

January I to 24. 3'.770. 910 I | ,428 .477 .426 b1 .80 February...... 1.26

Marph 8 to 31. . . 9,900 1 ,515 2,546 .850 b2.O8 April.. . 7 ,880 1 ,090 2,tgl .732 3i 2.64 i'; 5 ,570 r ,650 2 ,779 .928 r.07 31 3.43 2. 36 June. . . 6 ,960 1 ,090 2 ,430 .811 .905 16 D.O/ 4.67 July...... 12 ,580 1,0e0 i r,e30 .644 .742 15 5.04 4.30 {ugust..... 2,030 575 1 ,096 .366 .422 17 2.53 2.tl

September. . 880 510 620 .207 .23r t2 1 .95 r.72 October.. . . . 610 480 I 521 .174 .20r 1.20 r .00 ql November.. . 610 480 i 528 .t76 .196 .95 .IO 'cDeeember. . 2,845 .260 .300 12 2.46 2.t6

The year.. I -l--llr aBackn'ater I)ecember 16, 1903. Discharge corrected. DPrecipiiatioa for rvhole months January md }Iarch, 1904, cBackwoterduring part of Decenber, 1904. Dischlrge corrected. IIYDR,OGR,API{Y OI. YIRGINIA.

Estirnated. monthly discharge ol Shenaniloah Eioer at Millaille, W. Va.-^Con.

Discharge in se@nd-f@t.

lPql Decono-ft. Derih I In Los oi tr{inimrrm. Men, Der ""*. ln rnJor inches. sq. ml, rncnes. Prg9lpF inches. tatlon.

1905.

January. 4,150 830 2,065 .689 .75! za 2.86 2.06 Febmary...... 4,370 1 ,200 I'684 .562 .585 27 2.14 I .56 oMarch. I ,370 2,560 4,387 1 .46 1 .68 69 2.44 .76 April.. . 3,230 1 ,200 I ,945 .649 .724 38 r .90 1. r8

May.. . . 2,940 880 |,382 .46L .531 L4 3.93 3.40 13 ,820 690 2,552 .852 .950 5.50 1-OD 11 ,400 I ,450 2,994 t .00 I .15 19 5 .98 4.83 .1 ,840 930 r ,oo/ .520 .600 19 3. 19 2.55 7 ,145 Jlo 810 .270 .301 18 1 .65 l .35 880 540 640 .274 .247 o ,9L 2.59 690 JID 624 .208 .232 26 .90 .o/ il ,400 610 2,336 .780 .899 24 3.82 2.92

The year 639 8.69 28.46

aBackwatq March 6, 1905. Discharge corrected.

srrrJNAr{DoAH RTVER, (SOUrrr BRANCH) NEAR X'RONT R,OYAL, V,\.

'Ihis station was established June 26, 1899, by r\. P. Davis. It is located about one mile above the bridge, which is near the Norfoik and Western Railway Station. The railroad follorvs the right bank o{ the stream. The gage is a vertical timber spiked to a large sycamore tree on the le{t bank, about 800 feet upstream from the cable. A high-water gage, reading from 14 to 26 feet, was establishecl Sep- tember 18, 1905. ft is a vertieal board spiked to the shore side of a large sycamore trraa 325 feet upstream from the regular gage. Beneh marl< No. 1 is a heaclless spike on the rir.er side of an elm tree on the left bank, 8 feet clox'nstream from the gage. It is 1.5 feet above the ground, ancl has an eler.ation of 10.49 feet above the zero of the Eaee. Beneh mark No. 2 is a nail driven horizontnlly into the downstream side o{ the stump of a large sycamore tre,e 270 feet downstream from the gage. It is 0.5 feet above the ground and is imrne- diately below ablaze. Its elevation is 14.55 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 3 is the top of a large iron staple ring. 3 feet above ground on the shore side of the tree to whieh the hiEh- POTOMAC RIVEB, DRAINAGE BASIN. 51 water gage is attached. Its elevation is 14.32 feet above the zero of the gage. Discharge measurements are made from a cable, which has a span of 300 feet and is suspended over the branches of two large sycamore trees, with its right end fastened to the tree and its ieft anchored in the ground. The initial point for soundings is on the main cable, 0.5 foot from the tree on the left bank. The channel is straight for 600 feet above and below the station, and the currrent is sluggish. The railroad embanl

Area of Mro Dir H ldroqranher section. velocity. chcrge.

Sq. ted. Ft. per eea Fea 8a'led. 784 .79 4.40 616

February1i1..... E. G. Paul. t,235 o. /D 1 ,955 June19...... do... al ,790 7.90 5,703 September8..... C. R. Olberg. a563 4.M 536

1901. July 21. E. G. Paul. I ,584 2.66 6.95 4,211

1902. August 15...... n. o. rau. o639 .82 4.20 527 ] 1903. August 19...... Paul and Sawyer.. o868 L.23 4.90 1 ,065

1904. I j June11...... F. H. Brundage aa46 1 .35 4.79 1 ,140 June30...... I Hoyt and HalI.... 840 1.08 4.55 906 September 27.. . . E. C- Murphy. . 509 3.50 390 October f9...... l"''oo' 516 .64 3.42 33r 1905.

April 4. R. Follansbee... ., ...... 860 1.40 4.78 1 ,203 May16.-...... "'.do.' I ,068 1.56 5.28 1,663 Soptember 18.... R. H, Bolster.. 657 .80 3.95 527 October 27...... R. Follangbee. 596 .77 3.84 455 December 26...... do. \ ,274 1 .87 5.94 2 ,387 cAma of flowing wat€tr,

POTOMAC B'IYEE DB.ATNAGI BASIN. 53

Daily gage height, in leet, ol ShenanO*#1ft.(truth Braneh) near Tront Rogal, I'a.

Dtv. API !Iay. Jurie. Oci. Nov.

1900. 23...... 7. 15 8.9 6.55 5.35 4.85 4.25 4.1 25 4.85 4.6 24...... 6.5 8. tt5 0.6 5.26 5.35 4. tt5 4.3 4.2 95 4.55 4.6 25...... 6.15 L50 o. to 6.25 4.85 4.3 lo c.@ 4.6 2ti: ...... 5.8 6.85 6.45 6.3 5.35 5.1 .1.95 4.3 4.35 0 D.@ 4.6 27...... 5.0 6.55 tt.3 5.75 o_uo o.t 5.0 4.25 4.15 35 8.45 4.5 211...... D_Ot 6.2 6.25 o. oo 4.9 5.2 4.9 4.2 4.05 05 4.5 29...... t. oD 6. 15 5.4 4.85. 5.05 4.6t 4.2 4.0 65 6.35 4.5 30...... 6.0 5.4 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.1 oo D. bo 4.5 31...... 5.2 5.95 o.40 4.1 .,.. 4.5

4.5 4.65 4.3 5.45 6.25 7.7 6.05 6.75 9.55 4.5 15.? 4.5 4. {i 4.25 156 6.1 7 .05 5.95 6.6 9.35 4.5 15.55 4 4.6 4.3 15.85 5.95 I 6.8 5.9 6.35 8.6 4.9 15.4 4.9 4.3 I 9.8 5.8 lo (t.4 6.05 6.1 7 .46 4.8 t5.35 4 5.1 4.3 t8.3 to 6.05 t. +o 5.85 6.65 4.75 | 5 25 4 4.9 4.3 18.2 5.6 45 6.2 6.65 D-OO 5.8 4.65 | 5.15 4.9 4.2 I 7.7 c. co 7 o,d 8.2 5.45 o. oo 46 lo.t 4 4.5 4.25 | 7 .25 o.o 6.2 8 5.9 5.45 4.5 15.2 2 4.5 +.s J6.2 5.9 15 6.05 0 5. /O 5.25 4.5 15.35 25 .1.I .1.35 I 6 45 6.85 5.95 45 5. Dt ). uo 4.5 15.4 4 4.9 7.05 | 6.15 7.25 6.6 5.7 8 o. to 4.96 4.5 lsr 5.3 4.8 10.25 | 5.85 7_0 6.15 5.45 6.65 5.2 4.8 45 1555 7.35 4.7 7.7 | 5.t) 6.5 D_90 5.3 o. co D. UA o.d 445 15.6 t.tu 4.5 6.7 | 5.65 6.2 c.60 11.5 6.45 4.9 5.05 4.4 | 5.7 6.76 4.5 6.25 i 16.3 6.45 6 6.25 5.4 4.95 4.4 | 11.6 6.3 4D 5.85 11.0 6.45 l.to 3 6.15 5.25 4.9 4 4 I t4.95 o.lo 4.9 5.65 | 8.65 5.95 9.9 1 5.95 5.05 4.8 4.5 10.1 5.45 4.85 ct | ,.vo D6 8-7 o 5.9 4.95 44 |8.05 5.3 4.75 5.4 17.55 o_oo 7.3 35 5.75 4.8 4.7 4.4 | 7.6 5.3 4.6 5.25 7 .25 t_o 6.85 0 o_oo 4.75 4.9 4.4 1 7 .25 4.5 5.2 118.5 10.3 o. /o o 4.85 4.4 | 6.45 5.3 0. / | 10.6 8.25 8.65 6.55 05 4.5 4.8 4.4 15.85 o. rt 4.3 5.35 | 11.35 17.5 l.o 6.35 75 4.75 4.7 4.55 | 5 65 5.0 4.4 5.4 18.9 10.6 o. /o 6.25 45 4.7 4.7 6.7 | 5.45 4.95 4.4 5.4 t7.8 9.4 6.4i 6.0 95 4.65 4.6 6.15i 5a 4.85 4.35 c.t | ,.Jo lt c 6.25 5.8 4.6 4.6 6.0 15.35 4.9 5.65 I 2.2 10.9 o. lo o.1 6.4 4.5 4.8 5.55 | 5 55 la 4.3 5.75 0.95 9.5 6.1 6.85 6.45 t. ro 4.7 o.d I o.to 4.8 5.95 | 6.65 8.9 6.0 6.25 6.9 4.6 4.95 110.0 4.7 5.85 | 0.35 8.5 6.6 5.95 8.7 4.6 4.75 | 18.0 o_c 6.1 6.35 5.6 4.55 .. ..1 13.5

v.t 6.1 29.5 6.55 | 5.4 4.9 4.6 .0 5.0 4.25 o.6 9.15 5.25 13.0 6.45 I 5.35 4.8 4tc .0 4.3 4.25 8.3 6.7 9.9 6.25 | 5.3 4.75 4.5 6 .95 6.0 4.4 6.95 6.05 9.5 6.15 | 6.5 4.7 4.45 b .9 5.1 7.25 8.4 6.6 8.9 5.95 | 6.35 4.6 4.4 6 .9 D.U 4.3 7.85 15 5.9 8.4 7.4 | 6. 15 4.55 4.5 .8 4.3 4.3 7.6 0 o.l 7.95 7.25 | 5.85 4.5 4.45 5 .8 4.2 6.85 6.9 l.o 7 .7 | 5.65 4.9 4.4 4 .0 4.25 4.2 o.D D' 5.9 9.1 9.1 i5.5 4.9 4.4 3 4.2 L' 6.4 3 o.t r0.5 10.5 15.35 4.85 1a .l 4.1 6.15 i)4 IIYDR'OGRAPI{Y OX' YIR,GINIA.

Daily gage height, in feet, of ShenanilT"lrfi;T:U.6"uth Branch) near Front Royal, tr/o.

Mav.] Juue.] Julr.] Aus Sept. I Oct. I)cr.

ao 5.9 r3.25 10.5 .5 4.8 4.35 4.r 4.1 4.25 c9J 0 ti. I 11.85 6 .45 4.8 4.3 4.65 4.9 4.35 b. lD I 6.1 10. 1 I .4 4.7 4.6 4.',;J 4.1) t.o 4.35 ti.4 8 D.lo 8.5 .4. 4.6 4.6 4.2 4.0 D-UO 4.26 6.35 75 5_4b 8.1 6 ? 4.8 4.5 4.2 4.0 5.35 4.1 6.3 65 5.5 E.8 '6.45 ,3 4.8 .1.5 4.15 4.0 5.0 4.1 655 cc 6.4 8.45 6.25 .3 4.45 4.25 4.1 4.65 6.85 5 5.35 8.2 15 .4 4.b5 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.45 4.5 8.1 5 5.3 7.8 0 .4 4.6 . 4.35 4.35 3.9 1.4 4C 45 7.35 2 .4 4.55 4 4.35 3.85 4.4 4.45 6.6 35 5.2 o. /o t5 ,3 4.45 4 3.8 4.35 4.4 6.5 3 6.45 0 4.8 4 4.2 3.8 4.3 4.35 6.4 5 b.2 7.9 5.8 .2 4.L 4.0 4.3 4.3 6.35 3 7.9 t.l .i 4.7 4 4.2 4.1 4.35 6.25 3 11.0 7.8 o. tt 2 4.6 4.25 4.15 4.15 4.35 4.4 5.9 15.0 o.o .1 4.5 4.2 4.r 4.2 4.35 6.15 6 "1 20.0 7.6 o.D .i 4.5 4.1 4.2 4.4 5.15 5. JO 7. 3 r4.o 7.45 o. oo .0 4.4 4.0 4.2 4.5 6.25 'JD 'D 8. 55 o. ot t.4t .9 4.7 5.05 4.0 6.0 4.35 5.5 6 7 6.7 5.4 .d 4.75 4.0 tto 4.3 5.4 45 6.65 4.55 4.0 4.3 od

5.25 7.05 12.25 | f.i5 5_8 | 7.4 8.55 4.s 17.6 4. ti 4 4 4.75 6.1 6.6 9.4 | 8.1 5.7 I 6.5 7.0 4.9 16.45 4.6 4 45 4.8 9.3 4 7.9 | 7.8 5.7 t5.95 6.75 4.9 15.65 4_5 4 o 4.8 2 7.45 7.35 o.o I J. /o o. oo 5.35 I 5.35 D 4.9 8.75 65 7.t I 7.25 5.45 | 5.4 6.15 o.D I cz oo 4.5 7.7 15 6.75 i 6.95 5.5 lrt.o o.!o 5.6 i 5.15 4 4.5 /.to 95 6.55 | 6.8 5.4 1795 6.25 o.ro | 5.tJ, 4 45 6.7 65 6.65 I 6 7 5.4 | 11.0 c.vo 4.85 I 4.85 5 4 :JO 6.5 45 6.85 I 6.65 5.35 | 10.15 5.75 4.75 ) 4.75 6.1 6.25 o.,o I o.oa 5.3 17.9 o. oo 4.7 14.8 6.0 45 4 o.d 6.05 6.7 t6.45 5.3 | 7.85 5.35 4.85 | 4.75 4.5 o. to 6.I 6.6 16.35 5.25 | 7 .7 5.25 5.3 | 4.7 4.7 55 o.t 6.3 6.5 16.25 5.2 | 7.7 o.o 5.r l t.z 4.6 4.6 o. lo o. ro 6.45 | 8.4 5.15 I 6.? 8.15 4.8 | 4.7 4.55 5. o. lo 6.1 6.25 I 10.55 5.1 16.65 7.6 4.75 | 4.6 4.5 4 5.4 6.7 6.15 I 9.35 5.05 | 6.6 5.9 4.7 | 4.5 .4 4 5.4 LO 6.0 18.4 o.r I o.o o_D 4.75 | 4.4 .4 4 4 5.4 d. /o 5.9 17.9 5.1 | 6.45 5.35 4.8 t7.8 3 5.3 7.7 5.85 I 7.45 5.0 t6.4 5.25 4.7 | 7.5 .6 5 5.3 7.r 5.75 t 7 .1 5.0 16.4 5.05 4.7 67 .@ + | ! o. /D 6.65 5.7 16.9 5.0 16.4 5.0 46 1655 .oo 4.e5 6.95 6.25 5.85 | 6.8 4.95 | 6.35 5.9 4.6 | 5.55 4.3.3 4.4 l.zu 6.15 7.4 16.65 4.9 16.3 o.o 4.5 I54 _o 4.5 6.6 6.6 11.6 | 6.45 4.9 | 6.25 t. lo 4.5 15.3 4-4 4.5 6.25 6.8 9.65 | 6.25 5.0 | 5.95 a.l 4.5 | 5.2 4.4 4.75 5.85 6.65 8.15 I 6.2 o.u I o. /o Db 4.5 15.1 4.5 t_9t 6.7 7.65 | 6.r5 5.1 t6.35 5.45 4.4 | 4.95 .5 4.5 5.05 6.95 | 6.05 8.15 | 7 .4 5.25 4.5 14.85 4.7 5.1 9.75 6.85 | 6.0 5.2 18.55 4.95 4.9 I 4.75 .45 4.665 o.o q.6 ::: 7.0 l5.e 5.5 t8.45 5.3 I4.6 .4 4.7 ,_t 10.65 1. . D.9C t__ 4.8 o./o 1...... 4 D.Z POTOMAC R,IVDE DR,AINAGE BASIN. 50

Daily gage height, in leet, ol Shenan*4rff;;:U(truth Branch) near Front Royal, Va.

Dav' Feb. Mat. Apr.lMay.lJune.jJuIy Aug. Sept. Oct. 1\ OY

04.95 4.2 4.85 | 5.2 4.95 4.5 4.1 3.6 3.42 bg.4i) 4.75 4.1 4.85 | 5 05 5.85 5. Ut 4.4 4.05 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.4 4.75 4.15 5.05 | 4.85 5.L5 5.3 4.3 4.1 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.5 5.05 4.25 4.95 | 4.7 o. ro 6.2 4.2 4.3 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.5 5.05 4.25 5.05 I 4.65 o.I 6.45 4.1 3.0 3.4 3.42 3.5 4.8 4.0 5.0 14.6 5.0 6.5 4.r 4.6 d. oo 3.4 3.45 4.7 4.05 5.05 I 4.6 5.0 6.0 4.05 3.4 3.4 3.42 4.6 4.85 7.3 14.6 5.0 5.4 4.0 4.45 3.7 3.4 3.45 3.45 4.55 4.65 7.4 | 4.7 t. ro 5.05 4.2 4.4 3.4 3.45 4.45 1.85 6.7 I 5.25 4.95 5.5 4. tD 3.7 3.4 3.4 352 4.4 4.85 6.0 I 5.75 5.85 4.lt 7 .95 4.6 3.4 3.4 4lc 4.5 o./o I o./ 5.65 7.45 4.5 3.45 3.4 4.1 4.5t 4. ri c.oo I o no 5.35 4.65 5.4 4.4 3.55 3.4 4.6 4.55 4.5 5.2 | 5. 15 b. 4tt 4.75 L' 3.65 3.15 i. co 4.8 4.4 4.1 5.1 14.95 4.9 4.5 4_55 4. 15 4.15 3.5 3.95 4.25 4.4 5.0 14.85 4.9 4.4 4.4 4.1 ts.95 3.52 4.1 4.25 4.9 14.8 4.9 4.6 4.35 0 J 3.4 3.5 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.9 14.65 4.65 4.3 0 3 3.4 3.45 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.9 I 4.55 5.7 4.4 4.35 I 3.4 3.45 3.9 d 4.75 4.7 | 4.5 /.o 4.55 4.25 8 3 3.45 3.4 3.9 35 4.85 4.7 l 4.5 n ta 5.0 4.1 8 3 3.55 3.4 3.7 I 5.4 4.7 | 4.4 5.9 5.15 4.1 to 3 3.5 ts.4 75 6.9 4.95 I44 5.45 b {rc 4.0 oo 3 3.45 3.42 3.88 15 7.9 4.95 | 4.3 5.25 4 t5 4.3 o 3 3.4 3.42 3.95 c5.t5 c7 .7 4.95 | 4.4 5.r 4.4 4.4 6 3 3.4 3.42 3.9 D {'t 7 .r5 5.05 | 4 45 5.0 4.3 4.3 3.55 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.8 4.8 6.35 5.1 15.5 4.95 4.35 4.2 3.5 3.4 342 3.4 3.95 4.05 o.to 5 .r | 6.25 4.9 4.4 4.35 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.9 4.45 5_2 50 | 6.8 4.9 4.7 4.15 3.5 3.4 3.4 4.5 4.35 5.% l 6.65 4.8 4.5 4.2 3.55 4.2 4.26 5.3 l.... 4.8 4.2 3.6 ii '.:.. 4.O

d3.7 d4.r8 5.4 3 &5 4.85 4.85 4.3 3.82 3.7 3.85 4.05 5.4 2 4.7 4.7 4.38 37 s.7 3.8 3.95 4.0 5.28 2 15 4.55 4.6 4.85 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.0 4. 15 5.2 0 3 4.5 4.5 465 36 3.78 3.76 4.0 4.35 ois q.l5 2 25 6.25 4.4 4.5 3li 3.75 3.8 4.0 4.25 b.s 5.15 1,5 2 5.7 4.4 4.4 &6 3.8 3.82 4.6 4.2 5.4 2 1 5.35 4.35 4.35 dD 9.76 8.88 D- ID 4.3 o.uo olt 1 1 5(E 4.25 4.3 3.6 3.7 25 TZ 4.3 n.o 5.1 05 0 4.95 4.2 4.16 3.6 3.72 18 4.6 4.5 o. oo o.l 0 0 4.8 4.1 4.0 ?.6 3.72 06 4.48 4.45 8.25 5.0 05 0 4.65 4.1 3.9 3.6 3.7 0 4.85 4.4 7.4 4.8 lo 0 5.15 4.0 3.88 3.65 3.8 12 4.85 4.35 6.9 4.9 0 0 6.2 4.25 3.8 3.6 2.72 05 5.1 4.4 6.52 8 45 9 7.45 4.4 3.9 3.95 o-ot 4.48 6.15 8 2 o 6.8 4.0 3.n 3.6 4.06 D.Z 4.35 6.0 7 28 8 7.6 6.2 3.95 3.8 3.65 4.15 5.05 4.35 5.85 7 oa 8 6.45 6.28 3.9 6.I 3.58 4.15 4.9 4.4 c.6 6 8. o.l D.@ 3.9 3.7 3- 65 4.26 'D 4.9 5.8 2 8 DZD o.l 3"9. 3:75 R.7

1904. Ie about 3 cGage heights Jaauui 25 io Februrv 25, 1904. apprcximate. not in mrect position. dlce oonditions during Jsnuary and February 1905. to I{YDROGRAPI{Y OX' VIRGI}TIA.

Dailg gage height, in feet, ot' Shenaniloah Rioer (South Branch) near Front Rayal, Va. Continued.

Day. -{pr. luay. June July. Sept. Oci. Nor'. Dec. lru.]IebilIu. 1e05. ttl I I I 20 .) oa +5 l aa.3 | 5.75 4.4 4.2 5.0 4.78 3.9 3.75 4.0 2l | 4321 +4 I 5e5 4 {i5 5.25 4.85 4.45 3.9 3.72 6.lo 5.5 22 ..1 422 I4.4 ) 70 43 4.45 .1.95 4.6 43 3.8 3.72 3.68 8.32 .l 428I 475| 76 4.4 505 5.8 1.25 3.82 3.6 3.68 8.0 24 I41 |1e5 l6e 4.3 4. do 8.2 tt.9 4.2 3. ti2 6.O 3.62 o. /o zu I 3.e5| 5.7 | 675 4.3 935 t). oo + It 3.6 6.4 26 .l 4.15I r'45I 555 44 4.25 635 ,1.1 3.65 3.65 5.95 415I 80 6.35 45 4.2 tii 6.2 4.1 3.78 o.D I | '5.25 28 11 1 1625 4.45 ,1.3 oot 6.05 4.3 3.78 3.82 29 I .r3 | l5e5 4.3 4. 15 55 1.1 3. il 3.8 3.65 D. Zt 30 I 425I | 565 4.3 455 4.9 a. lo 4.35 3.68 3.8 3.fi2 5.45 31 .l 405l ..l 555 4.55 5.0 3.82 c.6c tttttl

olce eonditions during January and February, 1905.

Roting tnble lor Shenand,oah Ri.aer (South Bronch) neor Front Royol, Vo., lrom June, 1899, to December 91, 1903.

i otffi'f', Discharge. *f'l o***r" Dischrga | , ll Feet. Swmd-feet. 1 Feet I Sewrd-lwt. Secmd-led.

3 .80 305 4.80 950 3 ,660 3.90 350 4.90 l ,030 4 ,010 4.00 400 5.00 1 ,120 4,370 4.10 455 5. 10 | ,220 4,750 4.20 515 5.20 r,$0 5 ,150 4.30 j80 5 .30 1 ,440 5 ,570 4.40 Di)t' 5.40 I ,560 6,000 '1 4.50 720 5. 50 ,680 4.60 795 5.69 I ,810 4.70 870 5.70 1 ,940

The above table is striclJy applieble only for open chmel conditions. It is bared upon 5 discbarge mgqsur,eqqntt made duiug 1899 io 1903.' Id is well defiried bet'wen gage heights 4.2 fet md 6.0 fei. Above gaee beisht 8.0 fe" etimates are based upon a discharge curve whieh is thii piodudt oI a well defiued ars cwe and an approximate ex- ereion of the velocity curve. The dischuge orrrcs for the priods 18fl1 to 1905 inclusive, iue the same above gage eiehi 10.6 feet. POTOMAC RIIrER' DR,AINAEE BASIN.

Rotins tnble lor shenonitnah .-irf;\Y;::#!),";i,'#";'Rovat' va'' lrom ranuarv 1'

I Discharge. l, ,rttrrl. Dtrcbarge. otffi6", Discharse ll otilii. Discharge. "tff;r. I Fect. Jmd-feef. Feet. Seand-fut. Feet Secowl-fed,, 1l F"a. Secmd-fuL '4.50 3.40 - 320 890 5 .60 2 ,070 6.70 3 ,770 3.50 350 4.60 970 5. 70 2,2r0 6 .80 3 ,940 3.60 385 4.70 I ,060 5.80 2,350 6.90 4,120 3.70 425 4.80 I ,150 5.90 2,490 7.00 4,300 3.80 465 4.90 I ,250 6.00 2,640 7 .20 4,680 3.90 510 5.00 1 ,350 6. 10 2,790 7 .40 5,080 4.00 560 5. IU 1 ,460 6.20 2,940 7.60 5,480 4. l0 610 5.20 r ,570 6.30 3,100 7.80 5,900 4.20 670 5.30 l ,690 6.40 3 ,260 8.00 6,320 4.30 740 5.40 l ,810 6. 50 3 ,430 4.40 810 5.50 I ,940 6.60 3 ,600

Tbe above iable is stricfly applicrble only for open channel conditions. lt is bmed upon 8 discharre metruements u-'ade duing 1904.and.1905. It-.is.well defined beheen gage heights-3.4 fet.and 5.3 feet. Above gage heigbt 8.0 fret estimate,ue bawd upou a diseharge curve which is l,he produet of a wett defined area curve ard an-appro,-ximate erteDsroo ol the Yelocrty curve. Estimoted monthlA d,ischarge ol Shenanilaalr,Rh:eroo(8outh Bianch) near Front Royal, Va.

Dischuge in second-feer. nun-"t ] I i ?ruipitation. MonrhlTffi ,r:il: Maximum., r\rinimum. nrcan. ' ,"Jfl, | *f",1,.i "r*:: lr:*:, I t_t___illlI _l _ i I ltation'l I 18eeliItI 2.52 4.95 5.12

650 i.,..... I 950 i 2.11 | ,275 3.50 2,080 3.24 685 1.93 6,110 -.ut 3,920

The year.. I

oPrecipitation for comple;te month. June, 18g9. I{YDB'OGRAPEY ON' YIBGINIA.

Estimated monthly dtschorge ol Shernnilnoh Riaer (South Branch) neor Front Eoyal, Ya, Continued.

: Discharge il second-feet. ,Ps]: Monrh - Depth r ceu.L T- I Nuimum. *,r."*.1 ot.] In lnctres..q precrpF inchee. l** tatDn. ]

12,800 950 2,265 T.M 1.66 bD 2.57 0. 9l 8,060 950 2 ,492 1.59 1.66 4J 3.73 2.07 March. . 12 ,680 ' I ,680 3 ,551 2.26 2.6r 70 3.72 1.11 1 0K April.. . 3,490 | ,t20 | ,755 l.l2 66 1..89 .64 May.... 2,010 720 I ,160 .739 .852 lJi) 2.42 r.57 June. . . 5,890 650 1 ,708 1 .09 1r, 20 5.98 4.76 July.... 1 ,120 DID ltb .495 -ol I 15 3.76 3. t9 August. 795 400 538 .343 .395 t1 1.93 1 .53 September...... 1 ,070 350 499 .318 .355 ll 3. 14 2.78 October.. 3,920 547 | ,042 .664 . /oo 24 3.19 2.43 November...... 7 ,005 580 | ,285 .819 .914 31 2.94 2.03 f)ecember...... 5 ,150 720 | ,417 .903 1.04 at 1.83 .79

The year. 350 .982 13. 29 23. 8l

190r

4,655 5 l,i) r ,366 .871 1 .00 2.31 1 .31 1 ,220 580 818 .521 .542 164 .33 -t1 11 ,580 515 : | ,975 t.26 1.45 38 3.80 2.35

46,200 1 ,810 ; 8,374 5.34 5.96 95 6.24 .28 r(),900 1 ,680 5,768 3.68 4.24 73 5.82 1.58 lt ,720 I ,940 4,302 2.74 3.06 4L 7.54 4.48 15 ,070 |,440 3,912 2.49 2.87 65 4.38 1 .51 6,440 | ,075 3,204 2.04 2.35 40 5.92 3.57 7,580 720 I ,825 1.16 t.29 34 3. 78 2.49 I,730 /c6 2,020 t.29 1.49 216 0.69 l-. ao 2,595 650 966 .616 .687 g4 2.01 1.32 43,500 | ,220 5,984 3 .81 4.39 ,9 6.r2 1.73

3 ,319 2e.33 I OO 44.94 POTOMAC R,IVER, DR,AINAGE BASIN.

Esthnateil monthlg discharge of Shenandoah Rioer (South Branch) neor Front Rogal, Va Continued.

Dischmge in second-fet.

.05 I ,600 I ,385 3,730 2. 38 2.74 102 1 2.69 l-o 54,7A0 1 ,330 6 ,439 4.10 4.27 96 4.46 .19 76,800 3,070 s ,871 6.29 7.25 201 3 .61 -3. 64

,aq ',, 12,260 1 ,560 3 ,826 2.44 122 2.23 -.49 3 ,150 910 I ,579 I .01 1.16 44 2.64 1.48 1 ,030 650 861 .549 .612 2l 2.53 2.32 1 ,680 Dli) 754 .481 .554 25 2.17 1.62 795 400 57r .364 .420 l9 ,9t 1 .80 2 ,370 305 531 .338 .'l1I l5 2.59 2.21 2 ,370 +DD 848 .540 .623 3.65 3 .03 2,750 455 784 .500 .55IJ 3.21 2.65 6,220 1 ,440 3 ,040 I .94 2.24

23.52

1 ,385 3 ,859 2.16 2.84 70 4.08 | .24 2,445 3 ,768 2.40 2.50 72 3.49 | .99 1 ,940 5,043 3.2r 3.70 89 4.15 I .45 2,220 4,494 2.86 3. 19 88 3.62 I .43 I ,030 | ,417 .903 1 .04 39 2.69 I 1.65 1 ,560 4,308 2.74 3.06 40 1 7.63i 4.57 910 2,338 1 .49 1at 561 3.061 1.34 650 I ,046 .667 .769 2213.$l2.76 650 1 ,738 1.11 t.24 51 2.42 \ 1. 18 650 842 .537 .6r9 26 ,. 2.39 I r.77 580 691 .440 .491 60 .82 | .33 580 853 .544 .627 uul *i ,'

2 ,533 m,rr"- l t"* 60 HYDR,OGRAPHY OX' VIRGINIA.

Esti.m.ated monthly ilischarge ol Shermnd,oah.Riner. (South Bronch) near Front Roya| Vu

Dischuge in wmnd-feet. hecipitation.

Ps Los ot Dgrth cenL ln, Maximum. Minimum. Mean. pef m of i- . inches. sq. mr. inches. precipi- I 6"'f*. tatron. l

6 ,650 705 t,293 .824 .950 53 r .80 .85 6 ,110 560 1 ,649 l .05 1. r3 90 r.26 .13 5,080 l ,060 r ,746 l.11 1.28 62 2.08 .80 3,940 740 I ,486 .947 1.06 40 2.64 1.58 5 ,480 t ,150 L ,875 1.20 1 .38 40 3.43 2.05 3 ,430 740 | ,375 .876 .977 18 o.a, 4.59 6 ,215 560 | ,tr7 .712 .821 l6 5.O4 4.22 I ,105 350 613 .391 .451 18 2.53 tnR 640 320 395 .252 .281 t4 r .95 r.67 368 320 326 .208 .240 20 1.20 .96 ,7, 368 320 329' .210 .234 24 .95 I ,150 320 530 .338 .390 l6 2.46 2.O7

676 9.19 30 30. 9r 21 .72

Dischrtge in second-fet. I Run-ofr.

Maximum. i\finimum. Mean.

1905. cJanuary. 2,005 425 917 .584 .673 cFebruary I to 27.. 6,320 560 1,140 .726 .729

Mareh 5 to 31.. . . 6,870 t ,405 3 ,104 I .98 I .99

April.. . . 1 ,810 740 I ,143 .728 .812

May... . . 2 ,005 560 920 .586 .676 June, 9,380 4()c | ,372 .874 .975 July. 5 ,480 890 2,236 1.42 I .64 August.. 3,068 560 | ,014 .646 . ,1to September.. I ,200 417 595 .379 .423

Ocl ober.. . 474 350 4r7 .266 .307 November. 471 378 425 .271 .302 f)ecember.. 7 ,024 425 | ,476 .941 r.08

olcdconditions during January and Deembu, 1904. No correction made in the bstimates. bEslimal,e January 25 to February 25, 1904, approximate. clce conditions during January and February, 1g05. No eorrection made in the etimatq. POTO}IAC RI]'SII, DRAINAGE BASIN. ol

souTE BIVEE AT BASIC, VA.

This station'w'as established June 29, Ig}b, by N. C. Grover, in eonnection with the investigation of strea-rn pollution in the shenandoah River Valley. ft is located at the highway bridge, onehalf mile belo v the Ohesapeake and Oh.io Railway bridge at Basic, ya. A standard chain gage is fastened to the upstream hardrail of the bridge. The leugth of the chain from the end of the weight to the onter edge of the ring is 20.84 feeL Discharge measurements are made from the upstream side of the single span bridge to which the gage is fastened. Tlre initial point for soundinss is the face of the riglrt abrrtnrcnt. The ehannel is straiqht for BOdfeet above and 500 feet belorv the station. The current is sluggish. Both banks are sub- jert to overfloh', the right bank onl;, during very high rvater. The betl of the stream is composed of rocks u"a -,ta utra i. Iiable to change after floods. The approxima^te depth of the l,atel is B to 4 feet at medium stage. Gage-height obserirations and meas'rements are affected b.y flour mills above the station. which cause r.anid fluc- tnations in the gage height at times. Berrch mark No. 1 is the upstream corner of the lorvest step of the wing wall o{ the bridge at the right bank, nearest the river. Tt is marked with red paint. Tts elevation is 13.97 feet alrcr.e the clat*'r of the gage. Binch mark No. 2 is at the corner of the winq wall next above blnch mark No 1. rt. eler.'ation is 14.gs feet above the dat*m of the gage. D'ring 1905 the Eaee \vas reacl onee eaeh dayb;, F. J. Rates.

Discharge mrcasurernents ol South R,ioer at Basic, Va

reo5 I ) ,^ Sq. feet. Ft. pa sec. June 29.. Follansbee ana Biggi 7o rDb .58 i | June 11...... 1 N. C. Grover. ] ZO 136 September ro.. . . ] Boht". and Winter. . .l Zo 146 .43 fiecember 29....lRober, Follansbee. . .] 7B 268 1 .69 oz TIYDROGBAPHY ON' VINGINIA.

Daily gage hei,ght, in Jeet, oJ South Rher at Basiic, Va'

Dav. Jau. l,-_

1905. 1...... 6 2.6 2 2 + 2.2 t 2 2 3 7 o 2.4 6 3 2.9 co 5 2.5 tt...... ,... 6 2.8 0 2.2 7...... a 8...... E 2.3 9...... 7 2.5 o 2.5 10...... 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.5 2:6 1 2.5 11...... 2.7 4.25 2.6 z.5 7 2.6 t 12 4.3 2.6 2.2 2.3 14...... 5.0 2.2 2 15...... 3.5 2.2 4 2 16...... 2.5 2.2 i t7...... 3.0 2.8 6 2 18...... 2.9 2.7 2 o 2 2.6 19...... 2.9 .2.7 o 6 2.5 2.8 2.7 7 3 21...... 2.8 6 7 1 a 2.7 b o 4.1 2.4 5 3.9 2.5 3.7 25...... 2.9 2.6 2. 1 1 26...... 2.8 2.E 2.5 2 a 2.8 2.6 2.6 2 .1 3.1 28...... 2.7 2.6 2.6 2 .0 2.9 to 2.8 2 .2 2 30...... 2 3.2 ot, . , , , . , .. , . . , 2.6

SOU'III RIVER A'I' POR,'I' REPUBI,IC-. VA.

This station was establishetl August 6, 1895, ancl cliscontinued April 1, 1899. It was located at the hig'hrvay bridge about 300 feet abo'r,e the junction of this river rvith North River. The banks are high and not subject to overflor,v. Part of the florv of the river is

Dischwge rneasurenxents of South Ri,oei at Port Republi'c, Va'

Sw.-leel. 1895. Sq. f@L Pt. pff sec. i, .30 aAugust 5.. . co I 74 t-cD 114 August 6.. . . 87 August 29... 68 1.28

1896. June5...... 79 t.43' 1.40 113 139 July 30...... 83 1.68 1 .63

1897.

180 2.30 426 March 23. . 2.36 1.88 202 April 19. . . 90 2'.0; 1.6, 182 1 .86 1.40 132 L73 November 7.....1.. 84 2.O5 1.80 18ee.

I 4.41 3.70 1 ,592 Mareh 11... . .l e.C Paul.. . . 360

of the wats thm was 19'29 aMemument ma.de at Buia oity, 1)0 fet above ircn highway briclge. The wrface upper side of t he brldge' feet below the top of the foot rail of dhe bridgg opposite the tbird or ceutm vertical on tihe 64 , I{YDBOGRAPIIY OI' VIBGINIA.

I)aily gage height, in feet, ol South Biaer at port Bepubl:ic, Va.

Da,t Jan. tr'eb. I lh-v. JJune. July. l,\ug. J Sept. J Oct. .l)ec.

r895.

1.34 1.2 r.2 ..''. 1.3,1 L.2 1.2 1.4 1.34 r.2 1.3 t_4 1.32 r.2 1.3 1 .35 1.32 L.2 1.3 ii; r_32 r.2 1.3 1. 12 1.3 1.2 ta 1.3 1.1 1.3 t.2 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.3 l_4 1.1 1.45 1.2 1.1 1.35 1.3 1.3 1.08 1.35 L2 1.3 106 |.32 7.2 1.3 1.3 r.06 1.3 L.2 1.3 1.3 1.06 t.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.05 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.05 1.3 1.2. 1.3 1.3 1.05 12 1.2 1.3 r.05 r.25 1,.2 1.3 1.05 1,.25 1.2 1.25 1.3 tuD 1.25 ) | 1.Ai 7.3 r.05 r.25 |.zD 2.1 | r.05 1.25 7.2 l.zb 1.8 I 1 .04 1.25 r.2 I.D | 1.42 | 1.25 r.25 r.b I I .,:nl 1.25 1.2 1.3 1.6 1 I trl 12 7.2 1.3 1.8 | o,:-l 1.2 I 2.! I .34 | i: t.2 1.3 2.r 3l 12l L2 2.1 .3 | .....1 1.2 2.0

t896. 1...... r.8 2.0 120 | 3.2 L7 1.6 1.8 .5 1.4 5.0 .b 2.7 t 1.8 2.0 12.0 130 77 I,O 1.8 1.4 .6 Z. DD 3...... 1.8 23 ) 20 12.8 2.2 1.5 1.7 .5 1.4 3.0 .6 2.4 4 L.7 2.512.012.7 2.2 1.5 1.6 .5 1.4 .6 2.4 1.6 25 120 12.5 2.2 ft 1.6 .5 1.4 2.4 .1 2.35 1.t 3.15 11.9 12.5 2.2 .45 2.1 l_4 3.6 11.9 12.4 2.1 7.7 .45 R 7.4 .0 2.1 1.4 3.1 1.9 2.0 o 1 123 2.5 _4 1.4 2.2 .6 2.0 3 2.8 I I r.9 I 1.9 4.8 .4 1.4 2.1 .4 1.9 1n .3 27 | r.e | 22 1.9 2.0 .4 1.4 20 3 1.8 11...... 3 25 11.85J2.2 1.9 1.8 2.7 .4 1.4 2.0 2 It 1.7 2.3 r.85 | 12.2 1.8 1.8 2.5 .4 t.4 1.95 2. la 13...... 23 11.85 122 2.4 14 4 1 .35 1 .95 2. 1 2 !8 1.851 2.15 | 3.0 1.6 0 1 .35 1.9 2 I t.5 15...... :.. ... 27 2.r5 12.0 1 2.0 1.6 6 1.35 1.85 2 0 to 16...... 2 25 2.r ) 2o | 1.8 1.6 2.0 6 1.35 r6D 2. 0 r.45 t7...... 2 2.4 I 22 I 2.0 1.8 2.0 6 1R 1.35 1.85 l s t.45 2 23 12.0 t.7 2.2 10 122 1.7 5 1 .35 1.85 1. I t..45 2 2.3 12.8 l t.9 1.6 22 1.8 n.. 5 135 ldt 1 85 .45 2 22 | 4.3 | 1.5 t.6 1.8 21.. 5 1 .35 i.8 1 85 .45 2 22 1 19 t.6 2.0 l3o 1.7 5 i35 1 8 45 22.. 2 2.2 r.8 12.6 ) t6 2.0 17 5 1. 8 +t 65 POTOMAC R,IVER, DEAINAGE BASIN'

at Port Repuflic' !:'-Con' D*ily gage h,eigltt, in feet, ol South Rioer

Oct. [Iay. June. July.lAug.lSePt' Day. Jan. tr'eb. Mm. I APr I

1896. t.651 1.8 1.45 2.6 1.8 1.6 l.o l.o | 23...... r.651 1.8 1.45 1.8 l.b r.7 r.25 I 24...... 2.1 1.651 1.?51 1.45 2.r 2.0 1.6 t.7 1.65 t -zD 2.0 t.o 2.0 1.7 1.5 r.25 26 2.0 2 7.1 r.o 2.0 2 1.9 l.o 2.0 27...... 2.7 1.6 1.8 1.0 2.0 t.7 1.5 1.25 | 28...... 2.4 2.0 2 1.45 1.6 l.o 9.7 I 1.6 2.0 | ...... z.? 2.0 2 I./D t.o 1.9 29..... 7.45 17.0 11.6 2.2 1. tt 1.9 l.o 30...... 1.5 1.45 11 1.6

1897. z.o zo l./o 1.851 1.6 | 1.5 1.3 | 1.751 1.5 l...... ,1 r.lsI t.mI I 1.3 2.8 1.5 2.5 2.0 9.3 1.8 I 1.651 1.5 I | 2. 1.451 i.851 | 1.3 12.5 11.5 1.45I 1.851 2.4 2o 1.75 11.65 11.5 11.2 l 1.2 r.312.111.5 ....1 t.+s| 1.85| 2.4 2o 1.751 1.6 | 1.5 | | 1.5 1.2 1.3 | 2.0 I 1.6 5...... , 1.451 1.851 2.351 2.0 3.0 r.s | 1.551 I 2.8 1.751 1.551 1.5 | 1.2 r.3 12.0 11.5 6...... 1,45 | 1.e5 | z.a I r 1.311.811.5 2.3 2 z.o 1.? 11.55 11.5 11.? 7...... 1.45 1 50 J | 3 I 1.751 1.5 1.45 14.1 12.3 l2 8...... 1.4 1.2 311.711.5 o r.45 1 3.2 I2.25 12 2.4 r.o I t.ssl | 1.551 1.4 1.2 311.711.5 i0...... 1 t.s I s.os I z.ze I z 2.3 1.551 I z.zs z.o 2.3 1.5 I 1.551 1.4 I 1.2 s11.?11.5 11...... 1 r.+s I z.ssl I 1.651 1.5 20 q 1.5 | 1.551 1.4 I 1.3 a | 12...... 1 l.+sI 2e I 2.25| 1.651 1.5 .lr.e 3 1.451 145 1 3.15 12.2 1.451 1.651 1.5 2.3 1.e 4 14...... 1.451 3.151 | 1.451 1.651 1.45 1.451 3.151 2.4 1.e 1.651 1.5 I 1.351 1.3 r0...... I t.a 1.451 1.651 24 r.45 13.4 | 2.6 | 1.e 851 1.651 t.l I tall 16...... 1.35 1.3 1.451 1.651 2.0 1.4b 2.6 1.e z I r.o I t.o | t7...... l I s.4 I | 1.451 1.651 1.e 1.85 s r.o 15 ls 1.3 18...... r.45 13.2 | 2.6 I l l l l 1.051 1.e z.a t.as 2.4 I1.6 I 1.7 I 125 I 13 r.451 19...... 1.451 3.2 | I 1.451 1.651 1.85 r.451 3.1 2.6 1.8 2.851 1.651 to I t.z 1 t.a 20...... I | t.a l.b1r.611.8 1.45 3.1 2.7 8 2.8 | r.8 | l.ml t.z I 21...... 1 | | 13 1.6 1.561 1.8 1.45I 3.6 25 8 z2,5 l r.7 | 1.5 | 1.2 | I 22...... l I t.a 1.5 11.65 11.8 2.3 8 2.2 l rffi l t.r l t.z 1 1.451 6.751 1.5 1.551 1.8 8 2.2 | 1.6 11.5 11.2 11.3 I t.05l 4.1 | 2.35 t.ol tz t.r 1.511.511.8 25...... 1 1.85 I 3 2.25 | r.8 22I r6 | I 18 2.1b1 1.6 t+ t.z t.a r.5 1 1.5 1 26...... 1 1 8q I 3 2.15 I 1.8 | | I 05 1.8 2.15t 1.6 I t.4 1.511.5i1.8 2?...... 1 i.85 I 3 I 2.0 11.5',1 1.8 28..... 1.851 2.8 I 2.1 8 1.5 18 8 1.e 1 1 lo 2.0 | 1.6 1S5 115 118 30. .... 1.8 2.0 1.95 1.2

1.35 le 1.5 2.25 2.1 6 2.7 1.6 125 | 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.0 I _O 1.35 12.35 I 8 2.0 1.5 2.25 2.05 1 .05 6 2.0 1.5 1.35 1.8 8 2.0 1.6 2.26 2.0 1.6 to 12.2 I r.o 1.351 2.151 2.5 /o 2.0 1.6 2.2 2.0 t.0 2.O l_o 1.75 12.1 4.o la 2.0 t.o 2.15 1.9 1.6 D 4.4 | oo 3.0 l.o 3.0 65 95 1.6 2.r5 2.2 t_o 12.1 l3.o oo 2.4 1.5 2.5 | 2.05 12 1.65 I t.o 2.15 4.1 to 1.5 2.6 85 1.6 2.1 5.0 1.6 co 2.4 12.oit2 1.5 23.1 2.0 2 v.. 8 1.6 2.O 4.1 LCO D | ID .5 6.4 LO 2.15 12.0 | 2 10.. to 1.6 2.1 3.5 66 EYDBOGE,APIIY OT' VIBGINIA.

Daily gage hei,ght, in feet, of South Rioer at port Republic, Va._Con.

Day. Jan. tr'eb. Apr LUA1. June. i July. ] Aug. ] Sept. Oct.lNov.lDec.

1898. ..l t.6 1.7 I | ro I zosI s.r r.45 | 6.6 5 12.0 | 2.0 | 2.s5 4 I 3.6 5 I r.951 2.0 | 2.3 75 I 7.4 3.0 5 I 1.e I 2.0 12.3 65 1.4 15... | 3.0 5 l1.8 lr.e | 2.25 LOt 551 16 | 2731 25 55 I 1.6 2.8 5 18 16... 511.613.0lI2.4 1 | l.s 1 22 t7.... 75 | 1.6 2.6 511.811.e12.15 55 1 r.5 J 1.85 1 2.8 I2.4 75 1.6 18.... | 5 | 1.73 I t.s I 2.1 55 1E t.81l27 2.8 19.... I I | 2.3 5 I 1.751 1.851 2.1 55 | 1.5 | 1.85 1 2.5 | 2.2 75 r.6 20.... l 2.3 5 | 7.5 I 1.851 2.1 55 l.b r.B z4 2r 75 1.6 21.... I I I | I 2.2 5 I 3.8 i 2.15 1z.o 55 I r.5 I 1.8 I2.%l2o 75 I 1.6 2.2 513.8 551 r.5 l2.r lz.o I I.s I zlsl 26 75 | 1.6 2.2 .5 17.6 ) 2.r | 2.0 5 I 1.8 2.0 7 I 1.6 2.2 65 2.1 2.6 2.0 145 | | .l 5 1 19 1 2.1 120 7 | t.7 2.r 65 ...1 14.0 12.r12.6 2 o 5l1.el2.2lr.s .7 2.0 6 i3.r I 2.1 l2.5 ..1 2.0 5 19 2.5 1.9 | | | .7 1.9 5 i3.o | 2.1 | 2.45 2.0 5 2.0 | I 23 | 185 ,oo 1.8 45 12.8 | 2.r | 2.4 2.0 5 225| r.8 |20 .6 t.7 412.6 l2.r 12.35 2.012.211.8 6 1.6 35 2.r 2.3 ..1 2.0 2.0 12.5 | | 12.1 11.8 1.6 35 I 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.3 .l 2.2 1.8 ....1 2.5 1...... 1 z s

2.5 | 2.r 4.0 | 2.5 25 | 2.1 d,o 2.4 12.1 J.O 1...... o.r '.1 23 | 2.r t2.0 | ..,. 3.4 | 2.1 6.7 5.0 | 2.1 3.8 I 2.2 4.0 1..... 3.6 | 22 3.6 .....1 3.0 |23 3e l. ..1 2.s I 23 ....'..1 2.75 | 2.3 J.O I.... 2.6 | 2.3 3.4 1...... 1...... 1 2.6 | 2.4 3.3 l. . .l 2..6 l2.5 34l. 2.6 | 2.6 3 3 1...... " ..1 25 1 2.6 3.2 2 4 | 2.6 2.9 22 | 28 20 I 22 | 3o 3 7 i...... 1.... 22 | 3.5 r.o t.... 2.2 | 50 ....1 2.2 I 5.6 et 2.9

2.8 1...... 1 . 2I 1.. 2.2 | 65 2.8 2.2 | 53 2.7 9' I 2.7 )...... 2.2 2.6 2 5 | ...... 1.... POTOMAC R,IVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

Rating table t'or Bouth Rhter at Port Republic, vo., from August i, 1896 to April I, Iggg.

Gase Gage Eeight, Dischrga Dischuge. {Diech*ge. ]l "tm Height Fed. Scmd-feet. Fed. Swnd-fed. Fed,, Swd-led. Fea S*mil,led q9 r.3 95 350 3.8 1 ,535 5.4 2,7n t.4 105 495 4.0 I ,685 5.6 2,870 l.o r20 2.6 645 4' I ,835 5.8 3 ,015 1.6 r40 2.8 795 4.4 1 ,980 6.0 3,165 r.7 160 3.0 945 4.6 2 ,125 6.5 3,535 1.8 180 3.2 r ,090 4.8 2,275 7.0 3,905 1.9 210 3.4 1,240 5.0 2,425 2.0 250 3.6 1 ,390 5.2 2 ,575

This mting table is not well defined; there.forq the estimates rode lme it as only epprorimsta

Estim.oteil monthly ilischarge of South Rioer. at port Republic, Va. @rainoge m€4 246 squarc mileo)

Dischuge in second-fel Rmofi. ---______-__-- Setond-feet Dqpth Mmimum. Minimum, perlu I sq, mL ] ineher. I

August 6-31.. I Ul) 70 80 .32 September ttz 85 94 .43 October 85 85 85 .40 November. 95 85 93 .43 December 290 95 136 .63

1896.

January. 2,850 85 305 1.24 r .43 February. 1,390 250 5r7 2.10 2.19 March.. r ,905 r95 473 1.11 1 .28 April... 1 ,090 160 .tJo r.52 r.70 May.. . . 945 140 218 .89 7.02 June. , . 570 t20 255 1.04 1.16 July.... 2,275 r20 322 I .31 I .51 August. 250 105 r23 .50 .68 September. I,200 90 597 2.48 2.71 October 2,425 140 362 1.47 1.69 November. 1 ,760 f4l0 376 1.53 I .71 December 720 rt2 208 .85 .98

s,n0 344 1.33 17.96 EYDEOCTRAPITY OX' VTBGINIA.

Estimatd' monthly ilischarge ol South Riter ot Port Republic, Va-Con

Discharge in reond-feet.

Depth ln inche

1897.

- ot January. 195 tl2 13r .53 4.54 February. 3 ,717 195 L ,O72 4.36 2.16 March.. 720 250 459 1 .87 April 290 170 2ll .86 .95 170 797 3.24 3.74 May.. . . 5 ,607 r20 152 .62 .69 June. . . 2t0 JuIy. 160 105 t25 .51 .59 .48 August. 120 85 103 .42 o1 .41 September. VJ 2'C .o, .oo October.. 250 95 119 .48 .87 November. 755 t20 192 .t6 Deeember.. 495 rtz 166 .o/ t_-_-- 5 301 t.23 I ro.ao The year.. ,607 i

130 llo .82 January. . . . 250 t62 .66 .69 February. . . 250 r20 March...... 350 120 .83 250 408 1 .66 1 .85 April.. . 945 180 561 2.28 2.63 M"y. . 2,425 L20 153 .62 .69 June. . . 195 105 1t .58 .o/ July... . 290 3.23 August. 3 ,605 140 690 2.80 .oo September. r50 100 t2L .49 3.91 October.. 4,345 100 835 3 .39 1 .28 November. 570 l9i) 282 1.15 2.27 December.. I ,685 180 484 L.97 l

The year.. POTOI\IAC RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

LEWIS CR,EEK NEAB STAUNTON, VA.

This station was established June 30, 1905, by N. C. Grover, in connection r,vith the investigation of stream pollution in the Shen- andoah \ralley. It is located at the private bridge across Lewis Creek, on the property of William Glenn, 2 miles from Staunton. A vertical staff gage, graduated to feet and tenths, is fastened to a tree 6 {eet downstream frorn the bridgo. Discharge roeasurements are made from the don'nstream side of the bridge, the initiai point for soundings being the gate post near the left end of the bridge. The ehannel is straight for 300 feet above and below the station. The current is sluggish. Both banks are about 5 feet high and do not overflow oxcept during very high water. The bed of the stream is composed of soft mud. There is but one channel at all stages. The stream is composed almost wholly of sewage from the crty of Staunton, and is very shallow at ordinary stages. Bench mark No. 1 is a nail in the locust tree to which the gage is attached, one foot above the ground on tho upstream side. Its elevation is 7.59 feet above the zero of the gage. Beneh mark No. 2 is a nail in a locust tree 50 feet upstrea^m from the gage, one foot above the ground, on the downstream side. fts elevation is 7.01 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 3 is the under side of the lowest timberr course at the northeast corner of house, near the gage. Its elevation is 9.92 feet above the zero of the gage. During 1905 the gage was read once eaeh day by Ashby Glenn. : l

Discharge rneasurernents ol Leutis Creelc neor Stourrtan, Va.

sq.Id Fr. M se.c. Fea, sn-ts1;,

7.e. .48 .51 rQ.81 ..61 10. 1 .60 ,9'?, HYDBOGRAPHY ON' VIR,GINLA,.

Dailg goge height,in feet, ol Lafis Creek near Staunton, Va.

Day' Jan. Feb. Mm. I Apr. May.

1905. 1...... 4 .5 , I .4 -o 3...... ,.... t::l .45 .oo .o .6 4...... 4

5...... :....:.:::: I .4 .5

I .45 .6 '.45 .65 .46 8...... ,::.:..: I .15 .4 .o o ...,t .D .o .45 .6 .4 .o 10...... :..:.. 5 .45 .6 .4 .4 11..,...... | .5 .35 .45 t.0 .@ 12...... ::. .:.: ..1 1.1 r .45 .8 13...... 7 .45 .5 .7 .6 .45 14...... r:l:. 5 .45 .6 .5 .o .o 15...... '...... l .oo .o .o .6 16...... '"1"""'1"""'ii .oA L .t .65 '"i' I 5' .45 .45 18...... '"1""' s .6 .45 .5 to I .551 .5 .45 .45 -o I 20...... i .45 .45 l '41 '45 .6 21...... l::l:, .45 .+o .6 .6 q, l.5l ...l 1.05 .45 .a .5 .co .45 I I 23...... | .6 .55 .45 .6 .35 .45 .35 -a u...... I l.6l .45 .€ 26...... 1...,. ...1 .ooi .t .45 .65 .o 26...... 6 t| ...... _o .o .4t' 28...... _o .oo N...... ::.i.:..:' .o .4 ,4 ,4 .oo I .45 t

I -o

, NORTH R,IVER, AT POR,T B'EPUBLIC, YA.

This station was established August 6, 1895, and was discoutinued April 1, 1899. It wae locatoil at ihe highway bridge about 500 feet above the junction of this River with South River. Measurements were made from the downstream side of the brid.ge. The banks are high and not subject to overflow. The betl is very rcugh but perma- neurt. The eurrent is broken and uneven at low stag€s. A dam about 200 feet above tho briclEe eontrols the florr at low staEes. POTOMAC BIVEB DRAINAGE BASIN. 7l

Discharge m.easurements ol Nortk Riner at Port Republic, Va.

1895. Sq. feet. Ft. per sec. Fed. Sec.-fed, August6...... i. 281 2.L8 375 cAugust29...... 2.0s 258

D. C.Itumphrep 276 2.20 427 I Jnly31...... 310 2.48 428 0Ju1y31...... 2.46 335

1897.

March 23.. . . ,. . D. C. I1umphreys...... 3.54 1 ,466 April 19...... G. H. Matthes 2.60 712 June 1.. A. P. Davis... 387 2.60 552 July24...... C. H. Matthes. 270 2.30 4f31 November 7...... do... 2r7 2.O0 245

1899. March 11...... E. G. Paul..'. t ,117 4.80 3,423

oResult olrtainetl by derlucting the climharge of the SoutL Rivs, 87 socond-feet, from totdl discha,rge of the South Fork of Shenmdoab River, 345 seontl-feet measured below the junction, DRestrlt obtsined s on Augusi 29, 1895, by dsducting 139 *mnd-fet, discharge of South Rivo, from 474 *ond- feetr dimbarge of South tr'ork FYDBOGEAPIIY O!' VIBGINIA.

Daity gage height, in feet, ol North Rioer ot Port Republic, Va.

Dlay. I June. Aug. I Sept.

1.9 85 1.9 ..75 I .....1 2.0 1.9 ..85 I ...... 1 2.0 1.9 ..85 85 '.. ..1 2 o 1.9 .85 8 :l:.:. 2.2 I2.0 1.9 .85 85 2.2 12.0 1.9 .85 85 15 | 2.0 r.s .85 85 15 4.3 1.85 .85 I 15 1 2.2 1.85 .85 8 t5 | 2.1 1.85 .9 .8 .:1.:. 08 | 2.1 1.85 .9 .8 08 120 1.85 .9 .8 .l: 08 2.0 r .60 .9 .8 08 2.0 i.85 .0 .8 07 | 2.0 r.75 .0 .8 ..1:. 07 i 1.9 r.75 .0 .8 07 I 1.9 r. ao .0 .8 2.07 | 1.9 L ID .0 .8 07 I 1.9 t. /a .9 .8 :l: 05 I 1.9 o .8 05 | r.9 .85 .1 05 | 1.9 r.75 .85 .9 05 1.9 r.la .8 4 1.9 r.75 .8 3 i19 r.75 .8 2tr.9 L.ID .9

I .4 2.15 | 1.9 . t. ro 2.09 li9 r. /o 30...... 2 .05 1.9 t.75 .4 31...... 2.03 ...... r.75

1896.

...... 1 3.0 2.5 2.6 5.4 2.32 2.42 2.8 2.43 1 2.0 17.5 2.35 | 4.4 ...... 1 2.7 z.o 2.6 5.0 2.52 2.32 2.7 2.431 1.951 4.5 2.35 | 3.5 .. ...l 2.6 2.8 2.6 4.6 2.52 2.32 2.7 2.55t1.9 t4.0 2 35 | 3.3 -,:.-,.1 2,4 3.8 2.6 4t 3.32 2.22 2.6 2.451 1.9 | 3.5 2.35 | 3.3 ...... t 2.4 3.8 2.6 4.0 3.32 2.2 2.6 2.4 | 1.9 t33 47 | 3.25 5.0 3.6 2.2 .2.8 2.4 | r.85 13.2 6.0 t3.r 9L d.o 4.5 2.8 2.3 I 1.85 | 3.1 4.3 13.05 ...... 1 2-'3 4.5 zu t.o 2.92 3.0 2.8 2.3 I 1.8 I 3.0 3.6 12.9 4.1 2.5 2.72 2.6 2.3 1.8 2.9 3 I 2.8 2.5 2.72 o.d 2.25 1 r.75 12.8 312.7 4 2.72 3.9 2.211.712.65 212.65 . | 2.3 I 2.62 2.2 17.7 12.55 012.6 ...... 2.3 4 2.52 2.2 t9 2.2 | t.7 2.5 I 1 2.55 ...... 1 2 2 3.0 5.82 2.2 3.0 3.0 11.7 12.5 8 | 2.55 2 6 3.0 3.82 2.2 2.7 12.0 12.5 ...... 2.1 3.8 3.22 2.2 3.0 2.7 11.9 12.5 2.7 | 2.5 ...1 2.1 d.o 3.02 2.5 3.0 11.8 12.5 2.65 | 2.45 2.0 3.1 2.82 2.4 2.7 2.4 11.8 12.45 2.85 | 2.45 ...... 1 2.0 3.0 2.62 2.4 2.7 2.31r.812.45 2.6 | 2.45 .....1 2.0 2.7 2.62 2.25 11.7 12.4 2.6 | 2.45 ...... 1 2.0 2.7 2.62 3.0 2.6 2.25 1r.7 12.4 2.55 | 2.45 ...... 1 2.0 2.7 2.62 2.9 2.25 11.7 12.35 2.5 | 2.45 POTOMAC RIVEB DBAINAGE BASIN.

Daily gage height, in feet, ol North Rh:er at Port Republic, Va.-Con

Day' Jan. Feb. Apr. May. I June. JuIy. Aug, I Sept. Oct.

1896. 2.7 2.7 4.0 2.b2 | 2.5 2.2 7 2.35 6.15 2.7 3.8 2.52 | 2.4 2.2 05 2.35 2.45 2.45 o.6 2.7 3.5 2.52 | 2.4 3.0 2.4 oo 2.4 2.4 4.0 2.6 6.O 2.62 1 3.2 2.2 oo 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.52 I 3.0 2.7 2.2 oo 35 2.4 3.0 2.b 3.5 2.42 | 3.0 2.6 2.15 05 ;;;' 2.4 2.S 4.4 2.42 | 2.9 2.6 2.15 2.35 0 2.6 6.5 2.42 2.9 z.a 2.r lE.0 5 o.Y 2.42 2.45 2.r 2.35

1897.

1...... 1 2.35 2.35 13.6 | 2.7 2.4 b 2.35 2.r5 0 2.2 1,85 2...... l 2.35 2.25 13.5 | 2.7 11.5 oo 2.45 15 0 2.0 1.50 3...... 1 2.Bb 2.35 13.4 | 2.6 2.45 15 U 2.6 1.85 4...... 1 2.35 2.35 13.4 12.6 o. ra 2.4 l5 (, 2.0 i.85 s...... 1 2.85 2.35t3.35t2.6 4.3 0 ID 95 0 2.0 6...... 1 2.3 2.55 3.3 12.9 3.8 60 2.25 It 0 2.0 ?.0 13.3 12.9 3.5 2.6 2.2 2.r I 8 0 1.95 e It 5.5 t3.3 t2.9 3.3 2.55 2.4 2.1 I 8 95 1.95 9...... 1 2 4.8 13.25 12.9 3.1 2.3 I 8 1.9 1.9 t0...... 1 2 4.3 13.25t3.0 3.0 2.2 2.L 85 8 1.9 1.60 tl...... 4.0 13.25 l3.o 3.0 2.45 2.05 85 8 1.9 do 12...... t 2.3 3.9 t3.25t3.0 3.0 2.4 2.5 2.05 85 8 1.85 85 13...... 1 2.3 5.45 13.2 | 2.9 40 2.4 2 2.45 r .60 0 1.85 no 1t I o , 4.7 t3.3 t2.9 l.u 2.4 2 2.05 2.0 1.8 6D 5.0 3.5 12.9 2.4 2 2.0 2.0 1.8 65 2.25 5.3. 3.5 1 2.9 4.4 2.4 2 2.0 95 .9 2.45 5.2 | 3.7 2.9 0 2.4 0 85 95 .9 2.25 4.6 13.7 12.8 6 2.4 0 85 95 2.1 4.5 13.7 t2.65 45 2.4 3.5 0 8 95 .9. 2.25 4.5 13.7 12.6 25 2.5 0 8 95 .9 4.2 | 3.5 12.55 3.15 2.45 RI 6 0 .85 2.25 4.8 t3.6 12.5 3.1 2-4 4 ;; .6 0 .6D 2.25 9.851 3.351 2.5 3.0 ,L 35 2.0 .8 2.0 .60 25 24...... 1 2.25 6.7 13.4 12.5 2.95 2.0 .8 2.0 .85 2.25 5.4 13.3 12.5 2.9 2.0 .8 2.0 .85 25 26...... ,....1 2.25 4.5 13.2 12.5 2.85 2.25 2.0 .8 2.0 .85 2.25 4.4 13.1 12.45 2.8 2.2 2.0 .8 2.0 .85 2.25 2.25 3.8 13.0 12.45 2.35 2.15 2.0 .8 2.1 .85 2.25 ...... t 2.9 | 2.45 2.7 2.35 2.15 2.0 .8 2.05 .85 2.25 2.25 .....1 2.8 | 2.4 2.65 2.0 .8 1.95 .85 2.2 at I Do< ....t 2.7 t.... 2.6 2.15 2.0 1.95

1898.

r.....,..,..... 2.15 2.7 2.1 3.85 2.65 2.35 2.2 4.25 2.6 2.4 3.0 2...... 2.15 2.7 2.1 2.6 2.2 4.25 2.8 3...... 2.7 2.1 3.3 2.5 2.15 2.2 4.0 2.66 4...... 2.1 2.7 3.15 2.45 2.15 2.2 4.t 2.5 2.6 0 5...... 2.1 2.1 3.0 2.4 2.15 2.2 8.0 3.0 2.6 0 6...... 2.1 2.65 2.1 90 3.0 2.7 2.2 5.0 2.9 2.6 , 0 a 2.05 2.66 2.7 2.9 6.4 2.1 2.2 5.0 2.5 ?.s 3.6 8...... 2.05 2.6 2.t 2.8 7.25 2.1 2.2 4.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 9...... 2.0 2.1 2.6 6.3 2.7 2.2 4.0 2.45 3.0

10...... 2.6 2.1 2.75 5.0 2.0 2.1 9.0 . 2.4 2.9 74 IIYDBOGN,A?EY OF VIBGINIA.

Daily gage height, in feet, ol North Bi.uer at Port Bepubli.c, Ya.-Con,

Dav. Feb. Lllar. .{pr. Mav, June. July, Aug. Sepi. I Oci. Nov. Deq

2.65 2.1 2.75 4.0 2.Q 2-1 9.0 2.1 2.4 2.8 2.2 2.1 2.75 3.6 2.8 2.1 7.0 o 2.7 2.2 2.1 2.75 2.0 6.0 2.1 2.35 2.65 45 2.15 2.1 3.2 2.35 2.0 6.0 5 2.0 2.35 2.6 2.r5 2.1. 4.15 3.0 2.2 2.1 6.0 5 2.0 rti...... 2.45 2.1 D.Z 2..8 4.2 2.1 4.5 2.0 ,a 17.....,...... 2.45 2 2.25 {.o 2.8 3.4 2.25 L' 2.5 2.0 2.25 18...... 2.45 2 2.8 4.0 2.7 3.0 2.5 4.0 2.5 2.0 2.4 19...... 2.55 2 2.95 o.o 2.6 3.0 2.4 4.0 zt 9.5 2.15 2.3 20...... 2.55 2.1 2.85 3.2 2.6 3.0 3.6 6.0 2.6 2.3 ,1 2.fi 2.75 3.0 2.6 3.0 2.3 5.0 2.6 2.3 22...... 2.55 2.75 I J.,O I r0.0 2.0 23...... 2.7 2.75 lo ae 8 2.75 o.o 2.6 4.0 24...... 2.8 2.75 lo 3.2 ot 0 3.I 2.75 5.0 2.6 25...... 2.8 2,# lo 3.0 a 8 3.0 OD 3.8 2.8 26...... 2.8 to 2.75 2.9 z.D 7 2.9 65 3.65 27...... 2.8 3.0 2.75 2.75 2.5 2.8 tt 3.5 2.55 3.0 t9 3.0 2.65 2.4 4.75 2.7 6 2.5 2.8 to 2.7 3.0 2.65 2.65 2.4: 5.0 3. 15 2.5 2.6 30 ...... 2.7 3.3 2.65 2.5 2.4 5.0 2.6 3.15 2.6 ' 9i 2.7 4_2 2.4 2.6 2.6

2.75 7.1 o_c 2.7 o.lt 2.65 7.4 2.05 2.3 14. 5:4 2.3 8.9 6.7 l.D 5.0 2.4 5.8 4.0 4.8 t,o 2.5 5.3 4.8 2.5 4.6 3.0 2.5 4.0 2.9 3.8 tt 2.8 4.5 2.8 3.0 2.7 3.0 4.O 2.7' 3.0 6 3.4 4.0 6 4.0 4.3 6 o.o 3.9 6 7.0 3_6 2.6 r -o 3.4 2.6 6.0 2.6 4.9 3.1 2.6 4.9 3.1 2.6 6.0 3.0 2.6 9.0 3.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 POTOMAO EIVEE DRATNAGT BASIN. ID

Rating table lor Nor:th Eitser at Port Repubr:ic, va., frorn August 6, rggg, to April 1, 1s99. "gtr;1"--"" ll ,gffi, F* | ,rri, l*.,;"];kr, J"i*- Secotud-feet.

I ,145 s,920 l0,695 lt ,470 12,245 13,020

Estimated monthly discharge ol North Rhw at port Republ:tc, Va. (Drainage ileo, 804 square mile.)

I 1 Dischuse in second-fet" Rmof. ------T. Semnd-feet.perlm I Depth sq. mi inche. ]

August 6-31 145 292 319 .39 September 2 ,635 245 346 .49 October 245 202 2r9 .31 aNovember 275 202 239 .33 December. 500 2r5 251 .36

1896. January. 5,502 275 799 .99 l.t4 February. 4,805 500 I ,488 r .85 r ,93 March 7,r30r M5 i ,osa 2.05 2.37 April 1-15, 28-30 4,340 350 1 ,594 1.98 1 .33 May 4,960 395 824 1.02 r.18 June.. . . 2 ,945 350 642 .80 .89 July...... 7 ,595 472 I ,085 1.35 1.56 August. 1 ,550 310 458 .Dt .66 September. 23 ,870 r77 1"L 1.52 1.70 October.. 7,595 420 93r I. _ro 1 .34 November. 5 ,270 420 I ,088 I .35 1 .51 December.. . 2 ,790 420 699 -61 1.00 oDiwhmge interpolated Nov. 24 io 28. 1g9b /o }TYDBOGRAPHY OT VIBGINIA.

Semnd-feet Dqnth I m Maximum. Minimun. Mmn. Der I sq-. mi. inche. I - 1897. :i, .48 .oo January. 420 372 388 4.06 February..d...... rt ,240 420 3 ,138 3.90 1.55 r .79 March.. 2,015 625 |,250 445 642 .80 .89 Ap"il.. . 865 2.75 3.17 May...- t3 ,790 445 2,2r2 420 489 .61 .68 June. . , 865 330 463 .58 .b/ July.. . . | ,420 292 .36 .41 Augqst. 330 n5 .32 September. ...."...'...' 275 215 234 .25 250 .31 .35 October.. 310 215 .32 .36 November. 555 215 256 319 .39 .45 December.. 590 230

1 .03 13.70 The year.. 13,790 2t5 829

1898. l 491 .61 70 January. 700 275 I .51 53 February. 625 310 4t4 I .72 80 March.. 2,480 | 3r0 581 DDO 1 1 .38 1.54 .4.pril. . . 4,040 ,110 1 .78 2.05 May... 7 ,207 M5 1 ,430 275 b6D .73 .81', June. . . 2,480 1.lq July.... .'.....: 3,720 275 822 1.02 3.77 4.35 August. 9,920 DOD 3,030 .65 .72 September. 662 445 520 t 2.26 2.61 October.. lt ,470 1 ,814 .63 .70 November. 865 330 507 1 .35 1.56 December.. 6,820 395 I ,089

The year.. POTOMAC NIYER, DP.AINAGE BASIN.

cooKs CBEEK aT MOUNT CRAWFORD, VA. 'Ihis station was established July I, !g08, by N. C. Grover in connection with the investigation of stream pottoiioo in the shonan- doah River Yalley. rt is located o r the opp"" highway bridge across cooks lreek, three-fourbhs of a'mile from Mount brawfird, va. A staredard chain gage is fastened to the outside of the downstream guard rail of the bridge. The tength of the chain from the end of the weight to the outer edge of the ring is 14.8g feet. Diseharge meas_ 'urements are made from the side of the bridge to which the-gage is attached. The channel is straight f.or 200 feet above and 1d0 feet below the station' The currrentl, o""y sluggish at low ;;;. Both banks are low and iiable to overflow du"itg high .water, but all the water passes beneath the bridge. The bed of th" stream is oomposed--n"o"t, of T1{ and gravel. The stream is polluted by taorre"ilr. mark No. 1 is a nail driven r.erticary into a roo,t on the downstream side of a Jarge tree 1b0 feet below thu gugu, on the left bank. Its elevation is 4.24 feet above the gage dui.r*. Bench mark No. 2 is a driven vertica.lly into the iop of a stump midway between the bridge'.ail and bench mark No. 1. fts e evation is 5.Bg fet above tho gage- datum. During 1g0b the gage was read onee eu"n aay Uy S. TT. Craun.

Discharge measunemenls ol Coohs Creek at Mt. Craulmd, Va. l-- Date.-I j Hyd"og.uph"". i fviatn. er"" of j Y"4n I .q"g" , Dis- vPlocrty. J herghl. chuge. T'"i l 1e05. i- ] lt i lo*,.lro.*,.1 Ft. oer sr. Feet. ' Sn-f*. July1.. ro f lFoflansbeeanaeiggi.] I l .rul 2.10 20 " I Prrra I tlli"l t'r":!- ! ?11 t ?tl 22.6 oMade by wading. '9.{ 1031 /b HYDR,OGRAPEY OX' VIRGINIA.

Va' D*|IE gage height, in feet, of Coolcs Creek at ML Crawford'

Aus' Sept. Oct. Dec. Jan. I Feb. I uut. L lpt. I Mav. J June. I Julv' I

2.2 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8 t.7 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.O 1.8 1.8 1.8 4...... 1...... 1 1 -l 1 1.8 1.8 1.8 o...... ,... 1.8 o....,..,...'...... 11 1 1.8 1.8 7 . .l 0 l.a E . .'..1 "'l'i 2.0 1.8 1.7 9...... 1...... r. 2.0 1.8 2.O 1.8 2.0 8 2.1 8 1.7 2.1 8 1.7 7 a 2.r 8 1.7 2.O 1.8 7 1.8 7 1.9 1.8 1a 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.9 8 1.8 1.8 2.0 8 1.7 1.E 2.0 8 1.8 2.9 I 8 1.8 2.6 I a 1.8 2.4 8 8 1.8 2.9 I 7 1.8 1.8 2.1 z.l 7 2.0 1.8 2.O 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.O 2.0 ta 1.8 1.6 2.9 2.0 1.8 1.8 2.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 2.r 1.9 1.7 POTOMAO R'IYEB DR,AINAGD BASIN.

ELr{ a'UN AT ELKI'ON, VA.

' This station was established June 28, 1905, by N. C. Grover in connection with the investigation of stream pollution in the Shenan- doah River Valiey. It is located at the highway bridge 500 feet south of the railroad station at nlkton, Va. A staadard chain gage is fasiened to a floor beam on the downstream side of the bridge near the right end. The length of the chain from the end of the weight to the marker is 8.?6 feet. Discharge measurements are made at ordinary stages at a footbridge 1,000 feet downstream from the bridge to which the gage is fastened. During high water discharge measurements are made frorn the highway bridge to which the gage is attached. The channel is straight for 100 feet above and 200 feet below the station. The current is sluggish at the gage. Both banks are low a.nd overflow cluring high water. A11 the water passes beneath the bridge except during extreme floods. The bed of the stream is composed of gravel and is permanent. The stream is highly poliuted by tanneries along its banks. Bench mark No. 1 is a nail in a 12-inch tree, 5 feet upstream from the left end of the highway bridge, 1.5 feet above the ground on the stream side. Its elevation is 6,01 feet above the datum of the gage. Bench mark No. 2 is the under side of the coping at the southwest corner of the first railway bridge pier on the right bank of the creek, marked with red paint "IJ. S. G. S. B. M." Its elevation is 11.96 feet above the datum of the gage. Bench mark No. 3 is a nail, one foot above the grountl, in a telegraph pole 40 feet east of the left end of the footbridge. Its elevation is 0.59 foot above the datum of the gage. During 1905 the gage was read onee eaeh day by C. L. Gooden.

Discharge measurenlents oJ Ellt, Rwt. at EIIoton, Va.

Mon Gue Hydrograpber. *,u* I | f#,?"s velocity. nelsni. I I-

1e:5. Feet. Sq. feet. Pt. pq sea Feel. Sec.-f@t May 22...... 13 4.7 1.04 4.9 May22...... 8.0 .50 4.O June28...... 34 20.4 .85 ,. to t7.4 July 20...... 19 6.8 .50 2.10 3.4 December28... ,t 14.4 . /o 2.78 11 .0 -- ) 80 IIYDROGRAPIIY ON' VIRGINIA.

Daily gage height, in feet, ol Elle Run ot Elkton, Va.

Dav. *_l Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. I Deq

1905. 1...... 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.7 , 2.7 z,o 2.7 3...... 2.6 z.uo 2.5 2.7 4.,...... 2.6 zu 2.45 2.7 2.6 a.D 6 2.45 2.7 o.... - -.. 2.6 5 2.7 7...'..... 2.6 2.7 R 2.6 oo 2.8 2.65 9...... z.o ti 2.6 2.7 2.ffi 10...... z.D 2.4 2.6 2.7 11...... 2.55 7 2.45 3.2 2.7 2.4 2.9 2.7 2.65 13....,.... 3.1 2.45 2.65 2.9 3.9 2.45 2.6 2.8 .,lto to.... 2.7 3.0 2.45 2.6' 2.7 16...... 2.6 2.8 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.6 t7.-...... 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.7 2.6 18...... 2.6 2.6 2.65 2.7 z.o 19...... 2.55 2.65 2.65 20...... 2.5 6 2.65 tl ztD 6 2.7 2.7 t,o 2.7 m 2.65 2.8 6 2.65 2.5 1 2 2.65 25...... 2.5 2 2 2.65 2.8 26...... 2.5 3.0 2 8 2.65 I 3.0 2 7 2.65 2.8 28...... 2.6 2.8 2 7 2.65 2.8 29...... 2.6 2 7 2.65 3.0 30...... 2.6 2.7 2 7 u:.. 2.95 dr...... _ 2.6 2.6 7 ' 2.5 POTOI\TAC RIVER, DIiAINAGE. BASIN. E]

IIAWKSBILL CBDEK NEAB I-URAY, VA.

This station was established June 27, t905, by N. C. Grover in comrection rvith the investigation o{ strearn pollution in the Shenan- doah River Valley. It is located a short distance above the mouth of Dry Run, 1-.5 miles nodh of Luray, Va. A stafi gage in two sections, the lower one inclined and the upper vertical, graduated to read to feet and tenths, is fastened to the ieft banh 100 feet above the footbridge. The initial point for soundings is the edge of roek at the right end of the bridge. The channel is straight for 500 feet above, and 900 feet below the station. The current is moderate above and swift below the bridge. Rapids below the britlge prevent backwater influence frorn Dry Run except in case of extreme flootls. From well-defined marks the highest stage known was found to bo 19.55 feet above the zero of the gage. This stage occurred Octo- ber 13, 1893. The right bank is high, rocky, wooded,.and does not overflow. The left bank is low and subject to overflow during high water. The bed of the stream is composod of gravel, is free from vegetation, and is permanent. There is but one ehannel at all stages. The approximate depth of the water at the bridge is 2 to 3 feet. Bench rhark No. 1 is a small nail in the south side of an apple tree, half a foot above the ground, 45 feet west of the gage. Its elevation is 14.04 feet above the zero of the gage. Bench mark No. 2 is the top of the stone under the vertical post on the upstream side of door frame in the olcl dairy buitrcling, 200 feet from the left end of the foot bridge. fffi elevation is 15.10 feet above the zero of the gage. During 1905 the g'age was reacl onee each day by J. S. Miller.

Discharge ,neasurements ol Hawksbill Creeh near Luroy, Va.

,r.un t^uage Dis. Ilydrographer, .{roor I I section. I velmitv. I heicht" chuge.

8q. fut. FL pu aea Put. S*-led. 1905.

May21...... 35.8 r.02 t.44 34.7 Juae 27 46. r .38 1.74 64.

December 28. . . 45. I .61 1 .81 72. 82 rlyDRoGRApHtr ox,vrBcrNrA. :

Daily gage hetght, in feet, ol Hauksbill Creek near Luray,'A z.

Mor. ] Apr. ] uuy. i .luo" I .luty.

I ''....:...'... 1.6 | 1.45 1.4 | 1.351 1.4 I 1.4 1.6 | 1.4 r.4 | 1.351 1.4 I 1.4 I 1.6 | 1.4 1.4i1.411.411.65 """'1".,"' r.55 1.4 1.351 1.351 1.4 | 1.6 .....,.t.....,. 1.55 I 1.4 1.3 I 1.35 1t.4 | r.5 ...1... r.55 | 1.4 1.3 | 1.35 1.45 | 1.45 "ll"1"ll" 1.55 | 1.4 1.3 | 1.351 1.451 1.45 "".,1""" 1.55 I 1.4 1.3 I 1.351 1.4 | 1.45 1.5 t.4 1.3 | 1.351 1.4 I 1.45 r.5 | 1.4 1.4 | r.351 1.4 | 1.4.5 r.5 | 1.4 1.4 | 1.45t 1.4 | 1.45 7.5 | 1.4 1.4 | r.4Sl r.4 l 1.45 1.5 | 1.4 1.5 | 1.4 1.45 | 1.35 1.311.411.411.45 1.4 I r.35 1.3 I 1.351 1.4 | 1.45 1.4 r.35 1.35i 1.351 1.4 | 1.4 1.4 1.45 r.5 | 1.351 1.4 | 1.4 1.4 I1.45 r.351 r.351 1.1 | r.5 r.4 | 1.45 1,351 1.351 1.4 | 1.5 1.4 | 1.45 1.351 1.351 r.4 | 2.9 1.4 | 1.45 1.351 r.351 1.4 | 2.75 1.45 | 1.45 1.35 I 1.35 11.4 | 2.85 1.45 | 1.75 t.4 I 7.4 | 1.35t 2.5 1.45 | 1.5 1.4 | r.5 1.35 i 2.35 4 I 1.65 1.4 I 1.6 1 1.35 I 2.2 411.4 1.4 | 1.5 i 1.351 2.0 4 | 1.4 1.351 1.451 1.4 | 1.85 411.4 1.35 I 1.45 11.45 1 1.75 6 | 1.4 1.a5 I 1.45 1r.+ | z.+ 5114 . POTOMAC }I,IVER, DR,AINAGE BASIN.

srrENANDoaE BrvER (nonr:u nnexcrr) NEAB BrvEEToN, vA.

This station 'was established June 26, t8gg, by A. P. Davis. It is located about 2 miles above Riverbon, Ya., on the fann owned by l. W. Burke. It is most easily reached by driving from Front Royal, Va. The vertical gage rod is spiked to timber and to a sycamore tree on the left bank about 100 feet above the cable station. Bench mark No. 1 is a wire nail driven into a pear tree I this tree is located near a fence and is 150 feet from the left bank of the river. Its ejevation above the zero of the gage is 26.15 fwt. Bench mark No. 2 is formed by three wire nails driven flush in the surface of a stuurp 50 feet downstream from the fence line of the road, at the edge of the field, on the side toward the river. Its elevation is 20.44 feet above the zero of the gage. The original gug. was a vertical timber bolted to a large sycarnore tree on the right bank. On Sep- tember 10, 1900, the gage was moved to the left bank and its datum rvas lowered one foot, causing all read.ings to be increased by one foot. The gage at this station was washed out in the floud of Feb- ntary 22, 1902, and the station was temporarily abandoned untii Angust L7, 1902, when it was reestablished by Mr. Paril, the zero of the new ga.ge being at the sarne elevation as the zero of the former gage. Discharge measuremeots are made by means of a cable, car, and tagged wire just. above the ford. The cable has a span of 260 fee! is supported- by timbers, and anchored in the ground at each end. The initial point for soundings is 0.5 foot from the timber which supports the tag'wire on the left bank. The channel is straight for 600 feet above and bglow the station. The current has a moderate velocity. Both banks are low and liable to overflow, and are fringed with trees. The bed of the stream is cornposed of roek and mud and shifts somewhat, but the flow is controlled by a ledge 200 feet belorv the section. The flow at this station is afiected by backwater from the darn at Riverton, 2 miles below. The height of this dam was increased from 8 feet to 10 feet during August, 1904. There is but one channel at all stages. The gage is read twice each day by L. W. Burke. IIYDROGRAPEY OF VIRGINIA.

Discharge rneasurements ol Shenaniloah Riaer (North Branch) near Rioerton, Va.

Area ot Men DGage Dis Eydrographer. section. vdocity. beight chrge.

1899. Sq. Ieet. FL pa sec. Fp* &c.-fd.

September 2.... . 285 .95 3.85 n0 aseptember 2... . 262 l t0 3.85 287

r900.

February 13.... . 420 1.53 4.25 645 June 18...... 878 3.33 6.30 2,92e oSeptember 10... C. R. Olberg. 400 .36 3.60 146

1901.

July 20.. E. G. Paul. 861 2.80 5.95 2,41O

E. G. Paul. 318 .80 4.20 256

'aas W. C. Sawyer. 381 1.02 4.40

F. II. Brundage 4t7 1.39 4.81 578

Hoyt and Hell.. . . 425 1.13 4.7L 480 E. C. Muiphy. 240 .39 3.95 93 ..'.do.. 292 .45 4.11 r30

Robert Follansbee...... 516 1.25 5. 18 645 ....do.. 648 I .53 5.68 989 ... .do. . 377 .72 4.48 273 ....do.. 626 1.53 5.60 961

oMeasued by wading bAI gage heights rcfer to 1905 datum. PO'IOMAC RIVI'R, DRAINAGE BASIN. 85

Dailg gage height (a), in Jeet, ol Shenaniloah Riaer (North Branch) near Ritserton, Vo'

April. !ray. July.

3.8 3.68 3.88 4.2 3.68 3.8 3.68 3.88 3.68 3.95 3.7 3.78 3.68 3.95 3.6 3.95 3.65 3.8 3.7 3.85 3.65 3.95 3.65 3.65 3.72 3.85 3.62 3.78 4.0 3.72 3.68 3.8 d.o 3.8 3.95 3.65 3.8 3.62 8...... 3.8 3.95 3.65 3.8 3.65 o 3.8 3.82 3.68 3.8 3.6 10...... d,6 3.8 3.8 3.62 ll...... 3.8 3.72 3.78 3.65 12...... 3.78 3.7 3.75 3.08 13...... 3.75 3.8 J, /O 3.7 3.85 3.7 e7 3.9 16...... 3.68 3.78 3.68 d. oo 3.9

17...... 3.68 3.78 3.65 3.7 3.9 18...... 3.78 3.78 3.68 3.7 3.9

19...... 3.6 3.68 ts.7 3.88 20...-...... 3.65 3.8 3.7 3.8 21...... 3.68 362 3.8 3.65 3.8

22 ...... 3.68 3.62 3.8 6.W 3.8 25 ...... 3.65 3.68 3.8 3.65 3.8 24...... d.il 3.65 3.8 3.65 3.8 3.62 3.62 3.8 a, 3.82 26 ...... 3.85 3.65 3.8 b3.88 27...... 3.88 3.68 3.62 3.78 4.0 28...... 3.88 3.85 3.75 4.O

29...... 3.88 4.72 3.68 3.7 3.65 4.0 30...... 3.8 3.8 3.95 3.68 3.68 4.0 31 '''' '''' '' 6., 3.9 d. ao 4.0

1900.

c4.0 c5.0 o.uo 4.7 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.8 4.15 4.0 5.0 7.85 4.58 t7 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.72 3.92 4.0 5.0 o_oD 4.52 IO 3.8 3.85 3.6 3.62 3.75 4.02 4...... 4.0 5.0 5.4 4.48 I 3.9 3.78 3.55 3.62 3.75 4.48 5...... 4.0 4.9 t-l 4.4 tro 3.88 3.72 3.52 3.58 6.1 6...... 4.0 1.5 4.88 4.32 UO 82 t.t 3.6 o.l 7...... 4.0 4.38 4.82 4.28 0 8 3.5 3,6 3.78 t.la 4.0 4.75 4.25 98 8 3.55 3.58 3.8 6,1 4.7 4.0 4.0 4.68 L' It 8 3.68 3.58 3.7 3.65 4.45 '4.0 3.95 4.6 4.15 92 3.8 3.68 3.6 a3.6 3.62 4.45 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.15 I 3.75 3.62 J.O 3.68 8.7 4.35 4.0 3.98 4.42 4.r5 3.9 3.72 3.62 3.58 3.65 3.6 4.0 4.0 4.12 4.38 4.15 3.9 3.62 J.O 3.58 3.6 3.95 3.98 o. t 4.35 4.15 3.9 8.72 3.65 3.5 t.o 3.68 3.95 3.92 5.2 4.35 4.1 3.9 3.75 3.62 3.5 3.6 J-OD 4.0 3.9 4.87 4.35 4.1 3.82 3.78 3.6 3.55 ?.7 3.6 3.95 3.8 4.62 4.1 3.8 4.45 3.68 3.6 3.68 3.78 3.6 4.05 3.8 4.42 4.25 4.1 3.8 a.ao 3.62 3.6 3.65 3.8 3.62 3.9 3.92 4.35 4.5 4t 3.8 o. ao 3.6 3.55 3.68 3.75 3.62 3.9

oAll gage heights Januuy. 1, 1899 to September 10, 1900 refer to 1905 datum. Dstum lowered 1.00 fmt to 1905 datum on Septmbs 10 1900. bRivs frczen Decembc 26 to 31, 1899. cRiver frozm January 1 to 14 and Januuy 30 to tr'ebruary 6 19(X). 86 I{YDROGRAPIIY OT' VIR,GINIA.

Daily gage hetght, in feet, of Shmandoah Riaer (Nortlt Branch) neor Rhterton, Va.-Con

Dav. Feb. Mu. Apr' May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nor Dec.

4.92 4.35 6.95 t. oo 3.8 4.98 3.6 oo t.o 3.65 3.78 7.3 4.25 8.2 4.6 3.8 4.b2 3.62 3.6 7 o. oo 4.75 o,r 4.6 3.8 4.3 62 3.58 7 3.62 ti 4.9 6.98 5.9 5.22 3.8 4.2 3.82 6 3.58 7 J.O 8 4.55 6.3 5.4 5.4 J.d 4. to 5.28 3.6 3.6 o. 06 4.25 5.63 5.18 o.l 3.8 4.08 4.32 3.6 3.6 78 4.O2 o. rt 0 4.75 3.8 4.0 o.o 3.6 o.60 4.65 /D 4.0 4.9 0 4.62 3.8 3.92 4.0 o. oo 3.6 3.9 7.0 3.8 4.0 4.8 I a.c 3.8 3.92 3.6 3.62 3.8 D.ZO 3.78 a,o o 4.42 3.8 3.9 3.82 3.62 5.35 3.78 o5.0 85 4.32 t.d 4.08 3.6 3.95 4.45 3.72 5.0 8 3.75 T 3.8 3.62 3.72

1901.

L.:...... b3.72 b3.95 3.7 4.38 4.98 6.1 4.95 5.25 5.02 3.8 3.95 2...... 3.9 4.4 4.9 5.65 4.28 o_oc 4_OO 3.8 3.82 8 Jdt 7 6.0 4.8 o.la 7 4.1 D.Z 4.4 3.8 3.98 4...... 78 3.78 8 /.oD 5.48 7 4.05 4.52 4.35 3.8 4.42 5...... 8 o.d I 78 tt.6 4.65 4.85 4.05 4.75 4.3 3.8 4,45 85 3.9 8 D.25 4.6 ovc 8 4.3 4..4 4.22 3.8 4,52 7...... e.95 85 6.25 4.5 6.6 5.8 4.25 4.1 3.8 4.85 R 8 3.88 3.85 5.9 4.42 7.1' o.t 4.22 4. t5 3.8 4.2 o 3.82 3.8 5.4 o. lo 5.9 4.45 4.8 4.1 4.1 3.8 4.38 10...... 3.82 3.85 o_r 6.25 5.4 4:35 4.45 4.05 d. vo 3.8 1 1 ...... 4.15 3.82 tt.25 4.85 6.62 5.0 4.4 4.3 4.2 3.95 3.7 4.4 12...... o.d 3.8 L05 4.7 6.25 4.78 4.7 5.2 4.1 4.0 d.o 4.4 ta a. /c 3.9 6.5 4.6 o. oo 5.1 4.7 o. oc 02 3.95 3.6 {,35 l4 5.1 4.0 5.68 7 .45 5.3 b.4 0 o 4.4 lo...... 4.85 3.95 D. Jb 12.6 4.85 4.95 0.9 4.4 0 I r0.6 16...... 4.68 3.88 4.98 8.3 4.68 12.15 6.82 4.6 15 82 3.8 9.1 4.45 3.8 4.75 6.9 4.6 t1. 1 7.1 4.58 15 8 3.8 0.2 18...... 4.3 8 4.62 6.25 4.72 a .o 6.48 4.35 4.15 8 3.8 o.t 19...... 4.3 82 4.52 o. aJ 4.55 6.% 6.95 10u 4.r 8 3.7 5.1 20...... o. Do 78 L' 7.4 4.52 5.9 o.l 4.4 4.05 3.82 4.9 4.95 8 4.9 lo.o 4.65 6.95 9.lo 3.95 3.78 c8.0 4.35 0 4.9 12.45 7 .05 o_ /t 4.95 4.05 3.88 o. 10 3.8 /.o 23...... 4.05 3.98 4.9 d.o 14.7 6.2 1.lo 4.05 3.88 3.85 t.D 3.98 o.9D 4.82 6.8 8.7 o.tc 4.55 4.2 3.8 D.Zt /,t 25...... 4.0 3.92 4.7 6.65 /.lo 5.25 4.5 4.6 3.8 3.72 do 7.5 3.98 3.85 4.62 ol o. oo {a +.tD d.6 l.o 4.0 3.82 4.75 5.7 6.65 otD 4.55 4.5 3.65 t.6 t.D 4.0 3.72 4.75 5.3 7 .05 4.7 4.3 4.25 J.W 35 6.9 3.95 4.55 o.l 7.2 5.4 4.15 D.lt 3.82 05 8.2 3.92 4.5 5.0 ,.1 4.65 4.5 5.5 s.'82 4.0 13.1 3.9 4.45 6.2. 4.35 4.9 3.8 8.25

1..... 7.05 40 4.05 4.3 4.1 5.45 4.88 6.2 4.05 4.15 O. TD 3..... u.lu 4.8 4.1 4_2 4.1 o. at 5.4 d5.2 ::. 4.35 4.r5 o.9 o.. _.. 5.0 o.o 4.1 4.05 o. dD

oRivs fmzm Ja_nuary 1 to 14 and January B0 to Februarv 6. Ig00. :ti?""fiflJ:XttlJHf; rKlvs trozen Ienruary"ibl$tBlt66i.'ndFebruaryrg01' 4 to 24. 1902. POTOMAC BIVEB DBAINAGE BASIN, 87

Dailg gage height, in feetr, ol Shenaniloah Rhter (North Branch) near Rhterton, IZo.-Con.

Dav. Jan. Feb. Mu, Apn Sept. Dec.

10(}2. 6...... 4.9 o-t 4.05 4.2 4 5.8 7...... 4.85 o-D 4.0 4.3 o.D 8...... 8 o.D 4.05 4.2 D.D 9...... 7 o.o 4.05 4.15 4 5.3 10...... 68 o.D .1 4.1 5. r5 11. . @ 5.5, .05 4.15 4 5.05 o.D .l 4.25 5.35 o a.o .05 4.3 6.25 4.55 .0 4.8 6.6 4.6 O,D .0 4.35 4.55 o.D ;; o 4_3 o-dt 4.48 D_t .0 4.2 4.1 815 4.35 t.t 4.1 .0 4.1 ,.@ 4.28 o.o 4.15 .0 4.2 It L' o.c 4.2 .0 4. 15 c_ /c 4.3 o.o 4.2 .0 4 t.o L' 5.4 o.o . trD 4 5.45 oro o.o 4.25 .05 4 4.2 5.3 4.75 o.D 4.2 4 4.6 8.8 4 4.35 a-u 4.75 a 4.1 o.u 4.95 o.u 4.1 4.15 o. la 4.85 b.lo 4.1 4.1 4.2 5.2 4.9 o_o 4.15 4.15 4.2 5.1 5.0 5.05 4.2 5.0 4.85 4.95 4.1 4.2 4.7

1...... 4.7 9.0 Llo 5.1 9.05 o,J 4.45 4.3 4.3 4.75 4.8 7.15 6.8 5.0 o. /t o. /o 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.28 4.4 3...... 10.9 o.o 6.4 5.0 5.95 4.45 4.6 4.2 4.3. 4 8.95 6.1 6.25 95 5.45 ,.zD 4.6 4.4 4.4 4:3 5...... l.ro t. /d 6.05 8 c. lD o.o 5.2 4.4 4.25 4.25 4.3 6.45 o.o o. rc dc 6.2 6.45 4.85 4.4 4.2 4.3 a o. uo too o_o 60 8.4 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.2 R 5.75 o_va o.o 8 9.95 5.15 4.55 4.35 4.9 4.25 o 5.4 ;; a. vc o.d lo LO 4.95 4.5 4.95 4.2 r0...... 5.3 5.25 o. ,t aoa 8 12.0 4.85 4.4 4.4 4.9 4.2 11...... 5.25 5.2 d.I 5.6 lo LO 4.8 4.46 4.65 4.8 4.25 4.2 1t 66.3 5.2 'D 5.4 o. /o 4.9 4.45 4.6 4.55 4.3 13...... 8.15 5.15 o.D 5.3 7 6.65 5.4 4.4 4:5 4.45 4.3 4.3 1L 7.9 5.1 5.45 9.85 7 7.0 6.2 4.4 4.4 4_6 4.3 4.2 15...... 7.9 5.1 5.4 9.3 6.35 DI 4.4 4.35 4.6 4.2' L' to...... , 5.35 izs 8.8 4.65 5.9 5.2 4.4 4.3 4.6 b4.2 77.. 7.9 5.2 8.0 4.6 om 5.0 4.5 5.0 4.5 4.26 18.. 7.35 D, ID o.la 7.1 4.6 5.45 4.85 4.55 6.25 4.5 4.2 19.. o.m 5.35 5.1 6.6 4.6 52 4.8 4.55 o_ot 4.5 L' 20.. 6.35 o., 5.1 6.25 4.55 tl 4.5 5.1 4.5 4.3 21. . 7.0 o.r 5.0 6.0 4.55 5.05 4.4 lo 4.4 4.25 22. . c a-D o_ /a o. /a 4.5 4.9 4.6 4.3 4.4 23.. 5.6 5.4 7.7 o. oo 4.5 4.9 4.6 4.3 6 4.4 4.5 5.4 t_D r0.0 o.D 4.9 4.5 4.3 4.35 4.4

cGage whed out Febmary 26, 1902 and :eplaced Aug. 16, 1902. DRivm frosen Januuy 12 to 28, 1904 Decembs 16 to 28, 1903 and December 26 to 81. 190& cFreshet January?2, 1903. Goge pushed ovcby ice. 83 IIYDROGRAPIIY OF. VIR,GINIA.

Daily gage height, in feet, ol Shenanil.oah Rhter (North Branch) npar Riaerton, Vo''-Con.

Day. Jan. Feb. Apr. Mav. June. I July. Aug. I Sepi. Oct. Nov. Dec,

5.25 5.95 7.8 5.45 4.95 4.85 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.2 4.35 o.l 6.05 o. at 5.4 4.76 5.4 4.4 4.3 4.2 a4.2 5.0 0.05 6.25 5.4 o.zD 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.2 /.oa 5.95 5.3 4.8 t. vD 4.4 4.2 5.65 5.2 4.7 8.1 4.4 4.2 4.3 '... 6.?,5 5.1 4.8 I .lo 4.45 4.3 4.3 .'.1.. 5.9 4.4 4.2

b4 .2 ...... 1 4.88 o.w 5.65 | 4.72 4.3 4.1 4.05 4.0 e.ozJ ..1 5.0 o.l 5.06 | 4.5 4.45 4.05 4.0 4.0 4.05 ...... t 4.98 5.4 4.86 | 4.38 4.4 4.15 3.95 4.05 4.1 .2 .... | 4.88 o.r 4.8 14.3 4.5 4.15 4.0 4.05 4.1 .2 4.7 | 4.8 5.05 4.85 | 4.35 4.5 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.65 I 4.72 5.0 6.05 | 4.35 4.8 4.05 4.r 4.05 L' .2 4.7 | 4.72 4.9 6.7 | 4.32 4.5 4.05 4.0 4.05 4.2 .2 6.2 | 4.7 4.9 5.3 t4.35 4.5 4.1 4.05 4.0 4.1 .2 6.2 | 4.75 4.9 4.95 I 4.4 4.45 4.05 4.0 4.O 4.1 .2 5.6 I 5.1 5.0 4.8 16.15 4.38 4.1 4.O 4.1 4.15 9 5.15 | 5.38 4.95 4.72 | 6.82 4.4 4.1 4.0 4.1 5.0 I 5.15 4.9 4.6 16.0 4.35 4.1 1l 4.05 b4.6 .2 4.9 t5.0 4.8 4.5 | 5.75 {,€ 4.05 4.0 4.1 4.5 .2 4.8 14.9 4.8 4.5 | 5.1 4.3 4.05 4.1 4.5 4.78 | 4.8 4.75 4.4 | 4.85 4.2 L' 4.0 4.05 4.5 4.7 | 4.72 4.8 4.45 | 4.7 4.15 4.05 c 4.7 | 4.65 4.45 | 14.85 4' 4.15 4.05 4.1 D 4.68 I 4.55 4.7 4.42 | 4.55 4.22 4.1 4.05 4.02 o .4.6 14.58 4.78 4.5 14.5 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 D 4.52 | 4.5 6.45 4.75 | 4.7 4.n 4.05 4.05 4.0 4.5 4.ffi | 4.45 o.l 5.25 | 4.55 4.2 4.25 4.05 4.0 4.5 4.52 | 4.48 5.35 5.3 | 4.4 4.2 0 4.1 4.5 4.65 | 4.4 o_ lD 4.85 I 4.38 4.3 4.05 1 4.1 4.5 4.75 | 4.4 4.95 4.62 | 4.35 4.35 I 4.7 4.5 4.8 14.35 4.78 4.45 | 4.5 0 0 4.02 4.5 48 14.5 t.lo 4.4 | 4.5 4.25 0 1 4.0 4.55 4.8 14.6 4.95 4.35 I 4.4 4.2 98 4.05 4.05 4.0 4.78 | 0.0 4.8 4.4 | 4.4 4.2 05 4.05 4.0 4.65 4.7 | 7.M 4.7 4.38 | 4.65 4.1 05 4.1 4.06 4.45 4.7 | 6.4 4.6 4.75 | 4.55 4.1 I 4.02 4.1 4.45 4.78 1..... 4.8 ..t 4.45 4.75 4.05 I. . 4.35

4.28 o.c 5.5 5 _45 4.6 4.6 5.3 5.05 4.4 4.35 4.22 o.c o.D 5.3 4.7 5.05 5.45 4.8 4.4 4.4 4.15 4.35 o.r o.a t.z 4.6 4.85 6.25 +.@ 4.35 4.15 4.3 4.45 o. oD 5.5 o.t o.lt 4.6 4.68 o. uo 4.3 4.25 4.3 4.7 M.V o.J DID 4.52 4.55 5.3 4.6 4.38 4.2 4.38 5.05 o.v o.c ;; o.o 4.6 4.5 6.9 4.48 4.45 4. t5 4.35 4.9 5.9 O5. D /O 5.8 4.6 4.9 o. /D 4.4 4.4 4.15 4.35 4.75 o_c 6.0 Dbo 4.52 4.95 o-o 4.35 4.4 4.15 4.3 4.7 o.c 6.4 a.D 4.55 4.7 o.l 4.38 4.35 4. 15 4.22 4.56

oRiver froren January 12 io 28, 1903, December 16 to 23, 1904 and Dsember 26 to 31, 1903. bRiver froren Janury 1 to 23. 1904 and Decembo 12 to 26, l9(X. cCage removed January 2& 1904 to protect from ice. Replaced March 5, 1904' dRiver fmzen Janury 5 to March 4, 1905. POTOMAC R,IVDR, DR,AINAGE BASIN. 89

Daily gage hei,ght, in leet, oJ Shenaniloah Rhter (North Branch) near Riaertnn, Va.-Con.

Dav.

ln D.O /.@ 5.4 4.5 4.5 5.3 4.4 4.3 4.05 4.32 4.5 11...... D.O 7 .45 5.25 4.5 4.42 5.35 4.28 4.25 4.38 4.42 12...... o-a 6.75 5.8 4.25 6.15 4.4 4.35 4.32 4.42 13...... o-D 6.4 5.25 1.5 4.65 D. /t 4.32 4.3 4.28 4.28 4.42 14...... o.o D. V' D. lo 4.55 4.4 6.9 5.1 4.2 4.15 4.48 t4,.,...... _. o.o o. ,D 5.45 4.4 7.1 4.7 4.28 4.2 4.n 4.38 16...... o.o o.o o. uo o_ ta 6.1 5.48 4.32 4.25 4.2 4.4 D.D o_a 4.98 o. oc D.O 5.45 4.32 4.25 4.18 4.55 18...... ,... o.o 5.4 4.92 5.35 4.2 D.Z 5.0 4.4 4,25 4.1 19...... o.o 5.4 4.9 4.25 o. ut 4.8 4.52 4' 4. 18 4.62 20...... o.D 5.4 4.9 4.55 4.2 4.52 4.32 4.25 L' 4.6 21...... ".. o.o 5.95 4.8 4.92 6.2 4.8 4.28 4.2 4.r5 7.3 D.O 6.4 4.8 4.8 6.95 4,8 4.4 4.25 4.2 4.18 9.65 23...... 4.75 D.A o.o 4.75 4.7 l.D o. oo 4.4 4.3 4.15 L' ,L o.o 6.05 4.7 4.62 10.75 5.95 4.35 4.2 4.1 6.95 -4.22 25...... o.o 7.46 4.7 4.6 9.05 5.4 o.u 4.2 6:5

26...... o.D 6.95 4.7 4.55 7.0 o. lo 6.1 4.15 4.5 4.22 5.95 27...... D.D o.D 4.7 4.4 6.2 4.92 5.45 4.2 4.48 4. 18 a. oo 28...... a.o 6.2 4.8 4.5 6.2 4.78 4.9 4.# 4.12 5.4 to o.D 5.9 4.8 4.42 D.t 4.75 4.75 4.2 4.3 4' D.l 30...... D.D o./ 4.4 5.4 o.o 4.6 4.32 4.2 6.28 31...... D.O t.d 4.45 t.t 4.5 4.4 6.0

Rating table lor Shenand,oah Rioer (North Branch) near Ritserton, Vo., lrom May 96, 1899, to February 26, 1902.

Gage Discharge Gaee Dischmge. Gue Dischuge Gage HeighL IIeight. nergnL EeighL Dischsrge.

?e4. Semnil-fed, Fed. Smd-fed. FeA S?MLiLfed. Fea. &mnied.

3.50 90 4.40 710 5.30 1 ,640 6.20 2,780 3.60 t40 4.50 800 5.40 I ,760 6.30 2,910 3.70 195 4.60 895 5.50 I ,880 6.11() 3,050 3.80 255 4.70 990 5.60 2,000 6.50 3,190 3.90 320 4.80 1 ,090 5.70 2,130 6.60 3,330 4.00 390 4.90 1 ,190 5.80 2,260 6.70 3,470 4. 10 465 5.00 I ,300 5.90 2,390 6.80 3,610 4.20 o4D 5. l0 1 ,410 6.00 2,520 6.90 3,750 4.30 625 5.20 1 ,520 6.10 2 ,650 7.00 3,890

The above t*hle is strictly applieable only for open channel condii,ion* It is basd upon 6 discharge mements pade during 1899 to 1901, ioclm.ive. It is fairly well defined betwen grge heights 3.5 feet and 6.5 feet. The iable hs been trtended bevond these limit6. 90 IIYDBOGRAP]IY OF YIRGINIA.

Ra?ing table lm Shennniloah Rhter (North Bronch) nedr Rioerton, Va., lrom August 17, Igee to August 16, 1904.

Gme Grye Discharge Dischrga Gsge Discherge Gage Eeicht Eeight 'Eeight Ileight Dimharae

FeA- Suwl,fed- Fed. Sw*l-fed. Fea Scnnd-fd. Fect Sumd-teA.

3.90 r65 5.00 670 6. 10 L,520 7 .20 2,640 4.00 I90 5. t0 735 6.20 I ,610 7.30 2,760 4.10 220 5.20 800 6.30 | ,700 7.40 2,880 4.20 255 5.30 870 6.40 l ,790 7.50 3,010 4.30 295 5.40 940 6.50 I ,890 7.60 3 ,140 4.40 340 5.50 I ,015 6.60 r ,990 7 .70 3 ,270 4.50 390 5.60 t ,090 6.70 2,090 7.80 3,400 4.60 440 5.70 I ,170 6.80 2,t90 7.90 3,540 4.70 495 5.80 1 ,255 6.90 2,300 8.00 3,680 . 4.80 550 5.90 1 ,340 7.00 2,410 4.90 610 6.00 I ,430 7. 10 2,520

The above table is strictly epplioble only fc opm cbmel conditiom. It is bared upon 4 discharge m96men6 made duiag 1902 to 1903, inclusivg md the fimt hall of 1904. It is fairly well definerl betren gage heighto 4.2 leet rnd 48 feot. The tsble hs ben *tended beyoud thm limit$. This ratitrg curvc is only 8 mugh stimate, as the memuments were iuufrcient, the higheat being at gage height 4.8 fet

Roting table fm Shenandoah Rber (North Branch) near ninerton, Va., lrom August 16 1904, to December 31, 1906.

Gage Gage Djschsrgs. Discharge. Discbarge. Gase Heisht. EeighL *ffi. I Ee,e-ht Discharge

Fe* Smdrtad. Fa- Bem&ie4. Fed, Scwr/'teel Fed. Saconil-Ie.L

4.00 100 5. 10 595 6.20 I ,405 7.30 2,490 4.10 125 5.?,0 ooo 6.30 r ,495 7.40 . 2,600 4.20 155 5.30 720 6.40 r ,585 7.50 2,720 4.30 190 5.40 785 6.50 r ,680 7.60 2,840 4.40 230 5.50 855 6.60 L ,775 7.70 2,960 4.50 275 5.60 925 6.70 1 ,870 7.80 3,080 4.60 325 5.70 ' r ,000 6.80 r ,970 7.90 3,210 4.70 37s 5.80 .r ,075 6.90 2,070, 8.00 3,340 4.80 425 5.90 I ,155 7.00 2 ,r70 4.90 480 6.00 1 ,235 7. 10 2,270 5.00 o60 6.10 1,320 7.20 2,380

The above table is strictly applioble only for open ehamel conditiom It is bmd upon 6 dischsgg meffia metris made during the latts part ol 1fr)4 and 1906, sfte! the dam had been raised. It is well defined hwe€n gage heights 4.0jfet and 5.5 fet. The toble hae ben ctended beyond them limit* Duing August, 1904 the dem below the station wae raisd 2 fet. The exrct date is unmtain, m the tlble is affimed to apply from August 16, 1904. POTOMAC R'IVDR, DR,AINAGE BASIN. 9l

Estimatal Monthly Discharge ol shenaniloah Rber (North Branch) near Rioertan, va.

@rainage area, 1,037 square milc.)

Dischmge in semnd-feet. Runofr. I r*.init"tioo. rir lPsl I Depth I ent. L- llosof Marimum. Mininum. ptr. n sq. BL inchm. lo*"Jut-tation. '"#'. I t,.T* I I

I 2.52 l 4.95 i 5.12 1.16 4.95 ;;; 25; .25; .052 a2.09 481 130 .220 .254 10 2.51 ,.ru 390 l5t .212 .2M 6 8.94 3.70 355 r40 .2t9 .2M 6 3.78 3.54 225 t40 .178 ..205 I 2.34 2.14 545 168 .230 .257 32 .81 .oo

390 r40 .246 .284 2l 1 .34 1.06

The year...... 1.

r900. cJanuary 4,330 255 702 .677 .780 30 2.57 r.79 cFebruary...... , 3,862 355 1 ,128 1 .09 | 1L 31 3. 73 2.59 March.. 5 ,700 D6l) 1,620 I.D() 1.80 48 3.72 L.92

April.. . I ,760 4()'] 765 .738 .823 43 1 .89 r.07 May.... 585 225 324 .312 .360 t5 2.42 2.06

June. . . 2,L95 r95 504 .486 .542 .9 5.98 5.44 1 ,616 140 294 .284 .327 I 3.76 3.43 207 90 128 .123 .142 I .93 r.7s 355 130 IDO .t4s .166 3. t4 2.97 320 r68 219 .2tl .243 8 3.19 2.95 3,890 140 44r .425 .474 16 2.94 2.46 2,650 r40 548 .528 .609 33 1.83 1r,

5,700 569 7.41 37. 10

cPrwipi0ation for complete montb, June, 1899. Dttrvs trozen Decemhs 26 to 31, 1890. No conection made in estimates. cRivs frozen J&Dusy I to 14, 1900 and Janumy 30 to February 6, 1900. No conection made in estimal,e. at HYDR,OGR,API{Y OX' YIRGINIA.

Estimated monthly discharge ol Shern*doah Rioo (North Branch) near Riaertan, Vs. Continued.

Dimharge in second-feet. Rur-ofr. hecipitation.

Pu Depth ceat. Ios of per tn In . inche. n 8q. Br. inchm. prmip! inche* tatiou.

oJanuary...... 2,195 195 627 .605 .698 30 2.3r I .61 aFebruary...... 390 207 299 .288 .300 9l .33 .03 March.. 10,960 195 I ,391 1 .34 1.54 4l 3.80 2.26 April.. . 2l ,630 693 4,034 3.89 4.34 70 6.24 r.90 May.... 17,850 728 2,653 2.56 2.95 DI 5.82 2.87 12,680 990 2,842 2.74 3.06 4l 7.54 4.48 4,030 505 I ,499 t.44 I .66 38 4.38 2.72 2,260 428 862 .831 .958 16 6.92 4.96 2,390 168 684 .660 .736 20 3.78 3.05 |,322 195 396 .382 .440 64 .69 .25 I ,580 140 363 .350 .390 l9 2.Or r.62 14,580 268 3,091 2.98 3.44 oo 6.r2 2.68 --:-- 21 140 1,562 1.50 20.5r ,630 l I J

3,960 545 2.65 6 ,660 I ,090 d4.46 3.61 2.23 2.64 2.93 2.r7 275 243 .234 d2.22 318 2LI .204 2.59 448 259 .250 3.65 800 3r7 .306 1l 3.2r 3,890 |,228 I .18 40 3.38

The year

cle onditions duing pri of Januuy and February, 1901. No conetion made in mti4atm. ollrvs lrozen ljecembs 2l to 28. 1901, No conection madc in etimtes. rRivs frozeu Februuy ,l to 24, 1902. No conmtion made in estimies. dPrecipitation for complete months. February and August, 1902. POTOMAC.R,IVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 93

Estimated, monthly &ischarge of Shenandoah Rhter (North Branch) near Rionton, Va. Continued.

Dischage in second-f eet. Precipitation.

Per Depth cetrt. of Second-l IN Los Maximm. Minimum. Mean. per m of in . inche. sq. mr. inches. precipi- incha tatlon.

8,390 495 I 2,225 2.t5 2.24 c4.08 3,205 735 | 1 ,r27 1.09 .811 c3.49 6,860 670 | 1,750 1 .69 I .95 4; 4.15 ,.ro 6,605 735 | 1 ,848 L.78 1.99. DJ 3.62 1 .63 1 ,340 390 | 549 .529 .6r0 23 2.69 2.08 10 j360 580 | 2,208 2.13 2. 38 31 7.63 5.25 qa 1 ,840 340 | 736 .7to .819 3.06 2.24 800 255 | 37r .358 .413 t2 3.53 3.12 I ,655 295 | 464 .447 .499 2l 2.42 r.g2 640 275 | 373 .360 .4r5 18 2.39 1.97 295 255 | 265 .256 .286 35 .82 .53 522 255 ) 284 .316 33 .96 .64

38 .84

255 255 255 .246 .2t0 e1 .80 1.26 March 5-31...... 1 ,610 400 620 .598 .600 e2.08 April.. . 2\,465 318 661 .637 .I LL ,; 2.64 i. May.... I ,840 440 718 .692 .798 23 3.43 2.63'; June 2,090 318 606 .584 .652 t2 D-O/ 4.92

July.. . . 2,212 295 DO+ .534 .616 t2 .5.04 4.42 August. 550 125 255 .246 .284 l1 2.53 2.25

September. . . . r72 96 t24 .r20 . r34 I .95 1.82 October...... t25 90 110 .106 1r, r0 t.20 1 .08 November. . . . 125 100 t12 .108 .r20 13 .95 .83 dDecember.. ... 350 105 225 .2r7 .250 r0 2.46 2.21

30.91

cBivu frozen Janl-ary= -l fo-28, 1903, Derember 16 io 23 and 26 to 31, 1903. No conection made in estimate$ olfeshe.t Januuy 22, 1903. Gage pushed over by ice ; discharge estimated. cfltrrpftalron ror complete months. January and February, 1908. d]arver lrozen JaDuary I to 23, 1904, and December l2 to 26. l90d No correction made in retimates ePrecipitstion for complete months. January and Mrrch, 1904. I{YDR,OGRAPHY OI' VIRGINIA.

Estimated mnnthly ilischnrge of thmaniloah Rioer (North Branch) neor Riouton, Ta.-Con.

Discharge in semnd-feet. I Run-on. l;-"-t* Maximum. Minimum. tD*tln l "".'" sc. ni. inches. I I

1905.

oJanuary 1-7 and 23-31...... 1,155 i r55 759 .732 .436 aFebruary. 6bD 6bi) ItbD 9tA .6C6 cbMarch. 2,900 /tJ5 l ,335 t.29 t.4g April.. . | ,075 375 596 .oro .642 May.... L,362 230 406 .392 .452 June...... 7 ,450 loo 1,O42 1.00 l.r2

July.. . . 2 ,270 400 908 .876 1 .01 August. 1 ,320 198 4r7 .402 .464 September. 252 140 .192 .185 .206

October.. 275 tt2 170 .164 . r89 November. 230 125 172 .166 .185 December.. o.clo 140 889 -60/ .988

cRivs frozen January 5 to March 4, 19C5. No correction made in estimates. DEstimate March 5, 190i5, interpolated.

JAMES RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

The headwaters of the James lie in the high mountains in the extreme western pad of Virginia. 'Ihe. river is forrned by the confluence of Jackson and Colrpasture Rivers in the extreme northern part of Botetourt County, Va.; thence'it flows eastward across the State and empties into Chesapeake Bay through llampton Roads. The river with all its tributaries lies whoily within the State of Virginia. Its total length is about 335 miles and its drainage area about 9,?00 square miles. The topography of the basin is varied in character, changing frorn the mountainous section in the upper part to low, flat, and often swampy areas as tide-water i6 approached. Jackson a"nd Cowpasture rivers flow in narrow valleys between steep hills over beds of sand and gravel with rock ledges in. places, and are bordered with fertile bottom lands. In this portion of the basin the water collects quickly, causing rapid rises in the river below. Irear Clifton Forge, and again near Balconv Fails, the James florvs throtsh ri

JAMES R,IVER DRAINAGE BASIN. of solid roek. At other points similar, though less pronouneed, falls and rapids occul', as the river cuts through the lesser foothilis. Be- tu'een these mountainous or hilly sections the flow is through broad and fertile r-alleys over sand and gravel beds with gentle slope. The fall-line is crossed at Riehmond. Many clams have been built in the James, generally for diverting rvater into the old James and Kanawha Canal, which followed the river from Richmond to Buchanan and was at one time utilized throughout that entire distance. It has now been abandoned, however, and its right of way is owne,d and for considerable distances occupied by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad. The use of the dams was abandoned rvith the canal, and although many of them sre in eood r"epair the.-v have not been improved for pov'er purposes. Fluctuations in stage are' great. The record of the Cartersville station, t'hich extends over a period of seven years, sho'ws a range in gage height of nearly 25 {eet. The estimated disc}rarge has varied betrveen 9?,800 second.-feet and 600 second-feef. In 1897 a reconnaissance survey of James Rirter l'as made under the direction o{ D. C. Humphreys, Professor of Civil Engineering of Washington and lee llniversity. This survey covered the porbion of the river: between Clifton Forge and Richmond, and a part of the North River and consisted in determining the profile, which rvas done by using the profile of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad as a base, and tying on to the water surface at each dam and at inter- mediate points not more than 5 miles apart. Notes lr.'ere made in regard to the conclition of the dams, and measurements of flow were made on all of the more iuportant tributaries. The results of the reconnaissance as given in the follolving pages is taken verbatim from Part I\r of the nineitee,nth Anmral Rel2ort o,f the II. S. Geo ogical Survey (1897-1898), and- hence should be ac- cepted-rvith reservations due to changas since 1897. Tn the portion of the descriptive matter relating to the Jarnes River the name,s of the dams are givenl for that relating to North River the dams are numbered. The tables give statistics in regard to the dams and also the results of the discharge measurements. The profiles give the e.levations and slope at the various points.

Dam No. 10, on North River, was formerly called Reid's dam, but is now known as the Lexington Light and Power Company's dam. The available head is 11.75 feet. The crest is 15 feet below the railway. The dam was built of dry rubble masonry, and the upper side and top was sheeted with plank to hold water. It was found necessary to replabe this sheeting in 1896. At the time of the erection of the electric plant, in 1892, the darn was lowered 3 feet nearly all the way across to prevent the backing of water into the tail rare of the mill at Lexington. The power at this dam is fully uiilized and is very satisfactory. It has been noticed here that the river holds its own remarkably well in extremely dry weather. 96 HYDBOGR,APITY'ON' YIRGTNIA.

_. Duq No.9, South River dam, is located immediatelv above the mouth of South fi,rver;. its crest is 9.55 feet below the railway and its height is lz.2 feet. This was a $f:glUUte9loie dam, sheeted on the upper side and t.pl-,+["ut1*" y"r", *d-ihi snepilng rotted and caused the dam to break. The brea[ ie in the middie of th6 dam alq,t* T,y"t,,oot very.extensive. It could be easily.repaired and the power utilized at_the site, old mill .which is on the left bank near dhe On Julj, g, 1897, th; drscnarge,ot the nvei", "bilway. ,measured a short distance above this di.m, was 160 s'econd-feet, and ln extreme low water it does not fall below about g0 second_feet. -_, Pt-,{o. 8, located 13.7 miles from the mouth of North River, was built of logs and re broken a,ll -the w-ay across. The fall in the water at the dam is now onlv 2.4 fedt, end the water below the dam is 18.1 feet lower than the railway. The origiial heigli of this dam must have been at 1east 8 feet. Puq lto. 7, Buena VistaElectric plant dam (R), plate VTI, is l3.t mi_les above the mouth,of North-River, and the crest of the dam ie'lt.s feet below the railwav. The a.varlable herght is_12 feet. This dam is of dry rubble masonry, sheeted on th-e upper Br"d: all gl top.. lt l*dl resheeting for it leaks badly. This di,m is below the moith ot Nouth Klv-er' and the discharge of the river when measured was about 216 second-feet.. ln extreme dry,weather.the discharge is probably slightly more than half of this. The pno.togragh ol the dap shows the method of passing the canoes down over the dam. The av&uaDle power here rn dry weather is fullv used. ^. Du+ No. 6, Buena Vista Paper Mill iam, is 12.2 miles from the mouth of North t(rver; _the crest is I0.8 feet below the railway and the height is 15 feet. This dam ie built of .dry rubbles.tone ma,sonry, sheeted on"the uppu" .id? u"d o; ;p. lt-i" in g_ood order and the low water power is fully utilizec'by the paper mill, f6r which it "e"vonlj, furnfuhes about half the power-needed, the rest beine derivej ii.; ;;";; ;ili;;. Dam No. 5 is 9.2 miles from the mouth of North River; the crest of the da'm is ahout 14 feet below the lailway and the height is 6.8 feet. Th; fal in the water ut th" dum now is 3.5 feet. This dam was built oilogs, with stone filling, and is now washed- out all ihe way across the river. The foundatioi and head walls ar% io gooJo.a"".- Dam No' 4 is 7.9 miles from the mouth of North River; the-crest is about 14 feet below the railwav and. the height is 8 feet. Tho darn *"r r,iili a;t ;bli;;asonry, theeted 9p th,e uppgr side and on top. It is in a good state of preservation,"f except thii the sheetrng has rotted and there is a small break in it. The river has cirt a channel around thedam, betwe.en it and theChesapeake and Ohio Railway, which is narrow and coulo rre h.lled .up -without much difficulty. The Norfolk and western Railway runs along the right bank of the river here and at all other dams below Buena vista on North Krver, thus.giving a mill located at any of these places the advantage of transportation over two railways. .D1m. No.. 3, Goose Neck dam, is 6.7 miles above the mouth of North River; t\s crest of the dam is 15.8 f6et-below-the chesapeake and ohio Railway and the treqLt ol the dam is 15 feet. It is built of dry rubble -"rott.y, .t *t"a o" irr6 *iau uia o" top;.1be sheeting- however, is rotten, allowing the eniire river, except "pp".irihigh *arer, to run thtough the dam.between the craeks in the dry masonry wall. It is a ques"tion of only a short time when this dam will break like the others. There is no place on either Jamei or North Riverswhere-power, now unused, could be so eheaply devel'oped. ilhe tow*ater- power that could be developed here is about 800 horse_power. Dam No. 2, Devils Stepi dam, (A), Pta,te VII, is 5.5 miles from the mouth of North ttlver; .the crest of the dam is about l0 feet below ihe chesapeake and ohio Railway, the height is 11 feet, and the present drop in the waier surface is z.+ tc"i. This was a-stone da,m, like most of the o':hers on North River, and more than halt is washed away. The head wall on the left bank is good, and on the right rant ttrere i* u solia ledge, which served as a head wa.ll i.nd which srrr; ih" i"rn its name. "o,;t .. Puq No. 1, Miller's dam, iq b.2 miles fror; the mouth of North River; the crest of !!e dam is about 10 feet belo# the chesapeake and ohio Railway ancl its heilht is t0 feet. ]his, darrl, was built of .logs, with-stone filling, and is now A"st"oy"f, Lxcept-tbe nea,d watls, whrch. are good. This was the lowest dam on"euity North River. Rlue Ttidge 1?m, o-n James River, just below the mouth of North River, pontls the. water in Norih River for over a mile. I-n !he_;'S,epg{ on the-water-power of the Middle Atlantic wa.tershed," Tenth Cen- of the parr ry1 u-nite-d state!, vol. XVi, I, pp. b3l-b5r. valuable iniormation is given concernlng the James River and its tributaries. . Fron. that report the following lable is reprinied: (A) DEVILS STEPS OAM ON NORTH (OF JAMES) RIVER,

(B) BUENA vtsrA ELEcrRrc pLANT oN NoRTH (oF JAMEs) RrvER. PLATE VII.

(A) DEVILS sTEPs DAM oN NoRTH (oF JAMES) RIVER.

(e) eueNl vrsrA ELEcrRtc PLANT oN NoRTH (or ,llues) Rrven. JAMES RIVDB DRAINAGD BASIN. g7

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Thit, table shows only the dams below Buehanan, or on the eompleted portion tne., of canal. lt was the intention to exrend the canal eventgally_ to the'ohio River, and 3I,^,Iii^OllO_":: :uJveys were made u"a iwo aum.-located and built above Buchanan, whrch have never been ueed. Beginning at Clifton Forge and eoming down jacksons and {?mes Rivers, the dams, taken"in orE"., u"" d"."rit;8 b;1"* i" , , ull lorge darn is 210 rniles from Richmond. The erest of the dam is 1B.g feet Delow,the ( hesapeake and Ohio Railway, and the height, as measured,'probablv was lg.6 feet. ! ru6 oam' whrch was substantially built of stone laid-in eement, was never entirelv completed. The- head wails, abour t'alr ir,e Jam,;J]il"'io"JaltlJir] good i" otder' and rt would not be very expensive to restore the dam. The low "ruwater discharge of the river here is about 850 secind_feet." - cabell's dam is about 106 miles from Riehmo'd, and was built of wood on a stone foundation, 5 feet high.. Jt is almost entirely gooe, eleept the head walls, whicl eeemed g{od ord€r,.as they were built of stone. No levels were obtained here,. ::_?"^^i1_lr,:]ycoDnecting the dam with the railway, and there is no drop in the water surface at the site of the dam. . wu..p Rock dam has a crest 19 feet berow the railway, its height being rb feet. It. t^t_:"nqt".!gl{Iashed out except the head walls,.which ari in goodorder aid well built, and,tne loundatron, part of which remains. The river eut a ehannel around the dam :l^,:^:,llt bank. next to,the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway. which has been filled up by tne rarlway company with a strong embankment proteeted by riprap. .t he crest of lndian Rock dam is about I g fe-et below t hi raiiway, and its height wae. 16 fe4. Most of this dam has been washed away. Yarneys g..l . .. Falls, dam has a cre,st feet below the railway, its height being 14 feet, y^h_t],"^,?t presenr thedrop.in the..water surface ar th";;; i.'i];;i."'"idluil i" oniy partlatly gone, and there is exc-ellent masonry on the left bank, where the old lock stiil g\lhe bank. which is occupied by ihe worfol* and Western Railway, illl9:.-cnere rs ledge a of"richl roek. On (he left bank there is-an excellen{ loeation for a mill to use the power. ,^ ,"t $"uglTalls the crest of the dam is 10 feet below tlre railway, and the height ls lJ leet. I'his da,m is moslly_ standing, the river running through a-small break n"ear 1ente"r. A part.of the timber is.oiie.t and wiil irate-to be ilplaced if trie dam is the 'r'here repaued lot use. is a good mill site on the left bank at the lock for utilizing the p-ower. This dam is about a mile below Natural Bridge station, where the Nortoltiand- \Iestern Rl]yry crosses Jarnes River and the Chesep-eake and Ohio Railway. l{toge dam. at lJaleony Falls staiion. has a crest about 14 feet below the :l1ttu{; rls .herghl,. y!].f :" 13. feet, may be increased by digging a tail raee, for there rs considerable fall below the dam. This is a.n admirabi-e-loiation for the de- velopment of water.power. The plan of the dam was made n rssr; since lhat time rne oro cement mrll has been removed and the wooden part of the dam has broken near the middle. The site is immediately below the mout'h of llotttr ni""tfu"J-ttu to* water,discharge is about 700_ secold-ieet. on July 8, 1gg7, it was 1,4g9'second.feet. .. N.gu. Rope-F-erry is cushaw dam. The old ei'est of the dam was 15.25 feei below height was 10 feet. No pa,rt of this dam is standing, ancl nothing ll-".i1tl*lyand.thebut, tne loundallon remains. The erest. of Rig Island dam is l4.B feet below the railway and ihe height, as meas- ureo,ured-,, isrsra ll11 leet.feet.reeD. Thisll]ts-thrs dam isrs intactrntact an{theu"aand tt"the po*".power f.",has L"*been used Uy,by a paper mill, situated o" t|"-,"-'gh "".ia bT\,beside.the railway,. !h9 ;i]I ha, noi rr""" opu"ltu,i-1i;-.";;l;f y"r"r. colemans tr'alls dam has a crest'14.9 feet below the railway, ritn u ti"iglrt;i'll teet. It isin part broken; the stone portion is fairly good, wtrile tfr6'wooaen po"iiorrfras Ueen mostly washed awav. - Th" erest of Pedlar dam is 15.5 feet below the railway and the height is 14 feet. This-- dam has been restored and the entire power of the riveiutilized withii the last year l{by au y".yvery complete plant for the manufacture of calcium carbide.carbide, erected bvby thethu WW'iison Aluminum Comnanv-Company, of Sprav,Snra.v NorthNnrth Carolina.*Cqrnlinq * ".u.t"a Of Raldd Eagle damd-am th-ere'is nothing left standingstandine no ievels 'l and were obtained. Thehe crest of Judith dam is 14.5 feEtfeet below theihe iailway and tliethe h;ight,-u*height. as .ouu.uted,measured, is,24-3 feet. This dam is the higFest on the river and is in excellent .6trditiotr. A parl of the power was used at the nailnaTl mills at n""u""s,Reusens. *rri"trwhich is about half a mile b"lo*,Tiibelow.-b't these works have not been operated for a number'of years. At the time of visit no use seemed to be made of this power, but it is reported thai an electric company in Lynchburg

xsw article bv Mr' Temple, the Engineer in charge of erection, published in Engineering News, April 14, 1g9g. JAMDS RIYER DRAINAGE BASIN. 99 utilizes power from the canal that leads from this dam for street railway and other pur- -DOSes. The crest of the Lynchburg dam is 8.8 feet below the Chesapeake and Oiio Railway and the height, as measured, was 16 feet. Since the above table was co.mpiled this dam has been improved, the conflicting interests of the city and of the railway have been adjusted, and the full power of the dam is now being utilized-' The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company agrees to maintain the dam perpetually and to furnish water for a consideiation io the pumping plant of the Lynch6urg water works, and also to the various mills in Lynchburg. part of the old wall on the Of the Joshua Falls dam nothing"Norwood is standing except' a railway side. Tye River dam is at stition. The- water below the dam was 35.6 feet below the railway at Tye River bridge, the dam was 10 feet high, and the drop in the water surface now is 1.8 feet. The Middleton Mills dam does not seem to have been one of the canal dams. Its crest is 10.2 feet below the railway and its height is 3.2 feet. At Maidens Adventure darrr no abutmeits are now standing, the dam is broken about the middle, and the masonry is very much dilapidated. The trip came to an end just above-Rosher's darn, which stands at the head of the falls of the^James at Richmond. Here, in a distanie of l4.miles, the river has a fall oI 724 feet,, and in the last 3 miles the fall is 84 feet. On Septemher 8, 1897, during a very dry season, Mr. Anschutz rneasured the discharge at Cartersville, 47 miles above Richmoird, and found it to be 603 second-feet. This seems too small, for the combined et that discharges.of James River at Buchanan and of North'River at Glasgow -were time aEout 600 second-feet. Taking the Cartersville measurement as the minimum fiow, the l24feet of {all would give a-bout 8,500 gross horse-power. Not more than-half the iotal power that could probibly be made ava:ilable has blen developed. Where the streams were sufficiently large the current meter was used in measuring the discharge, and when the water was not too deep the method of wading was used. A line was str-etched across the river, and starting from the bank distances were measured with a tape. The rod to which the meter was attached was graduated and used for making soundings. The wading method gives the observer accurate knowledge of the bottom. Where the stream was too deep to wade, such as the James, at.Glasgow, a tagged galvanized-wire clothesline was used and the meter was let down flom one of th6"can6es, one man in the canoe keeping it in place by holding the line. This method worked weil, but great difrculty was &p6rienced in getiing theline ac-ros,s and-stretched close to the waterl The pull on the line was so ereat thal it was diffi.eult to fastea the ends securely. The party was not equipped with an instrument for theindirectdetermi- nation of diitanees, fo that tto measurements were made of the mair,r riverbelow Balcony Falls where North. River empties into the James. The impracticability- of measudng the main stream easily and

Streom measurernents, mo,ale in 1gg7, ol Jurnes Rioer anil its tribulnries.

Distance [om I Bank ] Dis- Name ol Sbeam. (right Date. Rich- charge. Rmarks. mono. I or left).

Miks. Sac.-lL 230.6 SmithsCreek...... 12.3 L. At 0lifton Forge 226.5 Cowpastue River...... 140.7 L. I l 226.5 JacksonsRiver...., 288.7 R. | i Head of James Rivu. 226.5 James River...... 438.0 i. ';' ' ) 216.6 Mill Creek...... 10.4 I At Gala'tVats. (hargs 213.4 C!ek...... 79.6 R, 208.5 Catavba Cleek..... 81.0 R. Muddy, mmevbat rvollen n5.4 Saltpetu Creek. . .. . 2.5 L. At Allens Mill. 199.5 Lipse Run...... 3.0 R. Or Spreding Spring Creek. r98.0 DavidsRun...... 0.5 R. r97.3 Back Crek.... 19.2 x" Or Lmney Creek. r89.7 JenningsCreek..... 20.1 R. 188.6 L.2 | L. 187.0 Sprouts Run 2.1 R. 181.3 L. r79.7 Back Run 2.2 R r78.7 1.0 L. At Natual Bridge station, Arnolds Crek...... 12.3 D t76.4 Jmes Rivq...... I,188.0 ,;. At Glasgow. North River...... 310.0 At Glasgor Rivurstation. 170.0 Rocky Rcr Run... 1.1 L. 169. 1 Snor Cleek. 0.6 R" t67 .5 Petss Creek 2.3 p 167.3 Otts Cteek...... 2.9 L. 167.0 Battery Creek., 2.8 R lot.o Ilunting Cleek. o.o R. At, Big Island. 164.4 Red Creek.... 13.8 & 159.4 Pedlar River...... 35.8 L. Aug. 2 Ito.u Salt Creek 0.4 L. Aug. 3 153.0 0.9 R. ...do.. 151.0 5.3 R. ....oo.... 148.0 Hanis Creek...... 10.4 L. Aug. 4 146.0 Ivv Creek...... ,... 30.0 ....do.... 144.5 tr'ishing C!rek...... 2.0 R. Aug. 5 143.5 2.8 L. '...do.... 141.7 3.0 n. ...do... 140.5 R. Aug. 6 140.0 Archer Creek 1.4 R. ...do... 136.0 Joshua Ctek 1.0 D Aug. 7 134.9 Stovalls Clmk...... 11.4 L. ...do... 133.3 PonidgeRun...... 4.4 L. ...do... 131.5 el R ...do... 127.4 0.9 'Wreck t. Aug. 9 124.0 Island Creek..,...... 75.2 R. ....do.... 120.3 Allen Creek...... 4.1 L. ....do.... 118.2 Bent Creek...... r0.2 R" Aug, 10 116.0 David Cleek.. o.o R. Aug. 10 112.0 1.3 D ...do... t mile below Gr*nway 111.0 o.o I Aug. 11 108.7 168.1 L. ...do... Swollen by rains. 106.5 1.7 R. Aug. 12 106.3 0.9 L. ...do... JAMES RIVEII, DRAINAGE BASIN. l0l

Strearn measurements, mnile in 1897, oJ James Ritser anil its tribufuries'-Cot'

Bank Dis- Name of Strmm. Grcht Rmarks. ohtrge or left.)

Milns. Sec.-ll. 1897. 106.0 MallorysCreek..... 0.9 R. ...do. 96.0 MillerRun...... 0.6 &. Aug. 13 Opposite Manteo. 93.9 0.3 R. ' . .do. Opposite llighlands. 91.3 RockfishRiver..... 36.5 L. . .do. . At Hardwile. 88.5 0.5 L. Aug. 14 88.5 0.5 R. ...do.... 86.3 BallingerCreek..... 1.9 L. ...do.... 85.3 Rock Island Run. . . 3.3 ...do. .. dl.i) TootersCreek..... 0.7 L. Aug. 16

76.0 Georgia Cheek. . . 0.2 R. ...do.... 73.4 Hudvare Rivs... . 21.4 T, Aug. 17. 67.6 Slate River...... 41.5 R. Aug. 18 65.6 Bear Garden Cleek. .8.6 D ...do.... 59.0 4.1 L. Aug. 19 57.2 Riyanna River...... , 48.0 L. Aug. 20 62.4 Bpd Crek.... 2.9 T ...do.... 48.3 Willis River...... -...... 29.6 R. Aug. 2l 47.0 James River...... :...... 603.0 Sept. 8 At Cartersville. 45.9 Muddy Cteek...... 1.9 p Aug. 23 Bed of a lmge crek. u.4 1.2 L. ...do... { mile above Stoke. 40.0 58.3 R. Aug. 24 Much svollen. 34.0 n.2 L. Aue. 25 29.0 0.4 R. Aug. 28 Very low. 26.6 2.9 L. Aug. 30 24.7 1.6 R. ....do... 22.5 L. ....do... 20.5 3.0 L. ....do... 8.2 R. Aug. 31

NORTH RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES.

ri.o oo"a"', rol R. I nu' I 17.0 NorShRiver...... 1 159.7 1..... Above South River Dam. 16.SlSouthRiver . .l 86.2 ] L. At mouth, 10.0 | Mountain Bran"h...... ] 12.l L. 5.5 Buffalo chek *ul R, I I *Distance frcm mouth of North River. IIYDROGRAPIIY ON' VIRGINIA.

JAIII]S RIYEII, A1'BUCHANANJ VA'

This station r,vas established August 1g, 189b, by C. C. Babb. It is located at the iron high'vay bridge near the ihesapeake and ohio Railway station, and one-hal{ mile from the ,\orfoit and western Railr'vay station. rt is about 20 miles above the mouth of North River and onehalf mile above the mouth of purgatory creek. The rlnited states \\reather Burea' maintai.ed a sde at this point for about two years before measurements were -uau Uy the ieological Survey. O-n April 3, 7897, the datum of the originul rvire gage rvas lowered trvo feet to a'.id nqgati'e readings. on Novemb 21, 1903, the wire gage was replaced by a standard chain gage."i It is loeated on the upstream side of the britrge near the of the leff span. The length of the chain {rom the end of the"Jttti, rveight to the marke,r is 35.08 feet. Bench mark N' 1 is the top of a stone post under the so.thwest corner of the porch of the cheiqaneake and ohio-Railway station. Its erevation is i+.es feef above gage datum. Bench mark No. 2 is a eopper bo t in a ledge of, rock on ttieft bank 500 feet abovc'the station. Tts ele''a.tion is 16.2r {eet rho'e gage clatrrm. This bench rvas establishecl l{ovenrber ',arl< Zt, tlOZ, it which time the old bench mark on this ledge could not be fou'cl. Bene.h mark No. B is a United States Geo,lofical Survey aluminum tablet set in the side of the reft 'pstream abutment. rts- elevation is 29'22 feet abo'e gage dat*m. Bench mark No. 4 is the top of the upper end of the se'enth floor beam from the reft bank. ris elevation is 30.03 feet above gage dat'm. Diseharge measurements are made from the lower side of the two-span.iron hfthway"for bridge, rvhich has a total span of BbO feet. The iniiial point soo"dirigs is the errd of pirr on the lorver side of briclge at the left bank. rhe-channe,l is strai.qht for 800 feet above ancl for about the same distance belorv the -qtaiiorr. Tire 'rrrrreut has a nroclerate and is broken by the 'eloeitv middle pier of the two-spnn bridge. Roth banks are high, rrot liable to o'er'florv, and r.'ithoit trees. The becl of the stream ls "ock and rn*d and shifts soruervhat, b.t the flow at the measuring section is determined b;' a permanent rock confrol a few htrndre"d varcrg dor,r'nstream. The gage is read t$,ice each day by U. H. Ilvde. JAMES R,IVEB DRAINAGE BASIN.

Discharge measurements ol James Riaer at Buchanan, Va.

Mean aGage Dis- Hydrographo. Area ol section, velocity. height, charge.

1895. Sq. feet. ft. pq sec Feet. 8ea-fed,. July 31...... 686 .74 1.88 509

August 1...... 526 1 .04 1 .81 543

September 6... . , 386 1 .03 1.52 357

r896.

January25...... 2,526 2.11 5.32 5,337 May22...... 915 2.44 3.09 2,235 July 9.. 4,033 6.74 13.51 27 ,140 July 24. 22' I .38. 2.56 | ,142

1897.

April 1. 996 2.O2 3.30 2,006 May30...... 728 1.37 2.70 994 October13...... 412 1.40 |.70 578

1898.

February 12.... . 800 1.16 2.40 932 June27...... 662 .82 2.O5 544 July 30. 981 r.50 2.86 1 168

1899.

March30...... 2 ,ttg 3.2r 5.64 6,804 July 6.. 803 .70 2.06 558

August 11...... 705 .52 1 .80 364

December 23... . 1 ,473 2.49 4.32 3,664

1900.

D. C. Humphreys.. I ,719 2.59 4.62 4,453 ....do I ,085 .96 2.80 1 ,043 812 .64 2.25 523

787 .48 1 .85 374

I ,085 1.10 2.93 1 ,197

D. C. Humphreys...... 2,r25 3.13 5.74 6 ,664 ...do.... 985 .92 2.63 907 2 ,993 4.93 8.50 t4,750

oAll gage heights refer to 1905 datam 104 HYDR,OGR.API{Y OF VIII,GINIA.

Disgharge measurenxents ol James Riaer at Bucharutn,Vo.--Con.

Di$ Hydrographa. ch&se

r902. Sq. tet. m, po stu Fd Sa-ld. JuIy 19.. D. C. Ilumphreys. 754 .69 2.12 5ls August 25...... do.. 768 .48 1.90 365

1903.

E. C. Murphy. r 3.79 2,728 '4oo Paul and Sawyer.. 955 2.95 r ,583 W. C. Sawyer. 654 2.25 652

1904.

June17...... R. H. Bolster.. r ,ll9 3.06 I ,498 August 8...... N. C. Grover. 860 2.40 ttD

September 17.. . . 707 1.89 393

September 30... . 687 r.82 364 October 19...... 676 1 .78 314

1905.

March20...... A. H. Horton.. 1 ,565 2.32 4.m 3 ,631 M*y 23.. N. C. Grover. r,296 1.60 3.46 2,079 May 24.. r,232 r.53 3.33 1 ,889 September 12. ... s20 .62 2.17 573 JAMES EIVEB DR.AINAGE BASIN. 105

Daitg gage height, (a) dn feet, ol James Bitser at Buchanan, Va.

Dav. Apr. Mey. June. July. Nov. Dec.

o1895. 1...... t.7 1.6 l.t 1.9 2...... 7.7 1.6 1.8 1.9 3...... 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.9 5...... 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.9 6...... t -o 1.6 1.8 1.9 7 1.5 o 1.8 to 8...... l.o 6 1.8 10 9...... l.D o 1.8 1.9 10...... l.o 6 1.8 1.9 11 ...... 1.6 1.8 1.9 12...... 1.5 1.6 1.9 10 1.9 1.9 13...... 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.9 17...... r.o 1.6 1.9 1.9 18...... 1.6 1.6 I 1.9 19...... 1.6 1.6 o 1.8 20...... 1.6 1.6 I 1.8 2t...... 1.6 r.o 9 2.0 1.6 l.o 1.9 6.0 t.o 1.9 4.2 23 ...... 1.6 24...... 1.6 l -o 1.9 4.0 25...... 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.9 3.8 26...... 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.9 3.5 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.9 3.3 1.9 3.1 28 ...... 1.8 1.6 1.6 29...... t.7 1.6 1.6 1.9 30...... 1.7 LO 1.6 1.9 31 ...... 1.6

o1896. z.D 2.5 9.05 1.4 2.6 2.6 3.0 2.1 1.8 6.4 2.5 2.5 8.85 1.2 2.6 2.4 3.5 2.0 4.6 1.8 5.15 4.45 2.5 6.25 2.9 2.5 2.3 1.9 3.65 1.8 4.1 6.8 2.5 c-w 3.32 2.5 2.? 3.05 1.9 3.25 1.8 3.85 5.1 2.5 4.1 3.05 2.!5 2.3 2.9 1.8 2.85 0.1 3.65 5.0 2.5 3.6 2.7 2.1 2.5 1.8 2.65 ot 3.5 7.25 2.5 3-35 9a 2.7 2.85 2.35 1.8 2.5 3.4 o.D 2.5 3.05 2.5 2.9 3.0 ,L 1.8 2.5 4.35 3.25 4.8 2.5 2.85 2.5 3.3 12.26 2.25 1.7 2.4 3.2 4.7 2.5 2.56 2.3 al 8.85 2.9 1.7 2.3 3.4 3.1 4.15 2.5 3.05 2.55 1.7 2.3 3.15 3.0 'D d.o 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.7 4.4 2.2 7.7 2.75 2.9 2.9 3.25 2.8 2.4 2.2 2.45 4.46 2.0 2.1 2.8 2.9 5.1 2-8 t.75 2.1 2.35 3.9 2.1 !.7 2.1 2.8 2.8 t.o 2.8 1.3 2.1 2.3 3.4 2.45 1.7 2.t 2.8 2.7 4.5 2.8 1.3 2.1 2.3 3.1 2.6 1.7 2.1 2.7 2.8 4.1 7 .r5 t.2 1.3 2.3 3.0 2.25 7.7 2.1 2.7 2.5 3.5 6.65 1.45 1.3 2.3 2.9 2.15 1.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 o.l 1.8 1.3 2.35 2.8 2.1 7.7 2.0 2.6 2.5

c1895 and 1896 gage heights refctr to 190,5 ilrtum. 106 HYDR.OGBAPIIY ON' VIITGINIA.

Duily gage height, in feet, of Jarnes Rirser ot Buchonan, Va.-Con.

Jan. Feb. Apr. Ma]'. June, July.

20.. 3.2 7 .45 2.05 1.3 2.7 z.rb 2.1 .7 2.0 2.5 2t.. 6.25 2.1 2.85 2.65 1.9 .7 2.0 2.5 22.. 5.0 2.1 3.15 2.45 2.4 .7 to 2.4 4.45 2.7 2.8 2.45 1.9 2.4 2.4 24.. 46 .0 2.8 4.95 2.9 2.2 .7 1.8 2.4 2.4 6.0 o.l 2,1 to 2.2 2.2 .7 1.8 2.4 26.. 4.6 2.5 1.7 2.75 3.8 2.35 .7 1.8 27.. 3.8 4.6 1.4 2.65 4.05 2.2 ,, .7 1.8 2.5 4.6 1.4 2.75 3.45 2.2 ,, 1.8 'R 2.2 to 2.85 z.D 1.lo t.4 2.7 6.lo 2.2 2.2 7 1.8 2.2 30.. 10.65 2.8 2.85 2.7 1.8 7.35 2.2 10.0 ii 2.6 2.7 2.1 1.8 2.2

b2.l 2.7 4.25 t.d 2.6 z.t 2.2 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.8 4.1 3.3 0.4 2.5 2.2 2.1 1.8 I.J 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.8 3.85 ot. It 2.5 3.05 2.0 - 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.9 3.0 o.6c 0 2.7 2.0 ta 1.8 2.L 2.1 2.9 6 2 oo 2.45 2.4 1.3 t.7 2.2 2.1 8.0 5 15 1t 2.3 2.1 1.3 2.2 12.r5 o 0 85 2.O 1.3 1.6 2.L 8.8 75 ao o 2.5 2.0 6 1.3 1.6 2.2 7 3.6 15 2.45 2.0 6 1.3 1.6 b_ Io I 4.95 2.3 1.9 0 1.3 1,6 2.2 6.1 4.45 2 3.85 2.45 2.2 1.9 6 1.3 1.6 2.2 5.6 4.9 vo 3.35 2.45 2.2 1.9 1.6 L.lo 1.5 8.15 6.25 7 o, ro 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.6 r. ac 1.45 2.2 o_o 5.85 6 t0.45 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.6 t.7 1.4 6.2 7.9 6 2.2 1.9 1.6 cl.7 1.35 2.55 6.25 6.45 3.5 5.9 2.4 2.2 1.8 1.6 7.7 1.3 2.85 6.5 5.6 do o.u 2.2 1.8 o 7 d 2.95 D_OO DI 2 4. At 2.1 1.8 5 6 2.7 5.3 6.0 1 4.1 2.4 2.2 8 6 3 o.t D, /O 0 3.8 2.2 8 5 2.7 6.05 6.35 3.0 J_OO 2.5 8 1.5 t.o 1.3 2.7 11.5 o.D 2.9 3.35 2.5 3.35 8 r.o LO 1.3 2.7 14.0 5.0 2.8 6.lt 2.5 1.8 t.D 1.7 3 2.6 rl. oo 4.65 2.8 d.lD 2.4 3.05 2.25 1.9 1.7 t 2.85 l.c 4.45 3.05 2.1 1.6 1.7 2 2.9 6.1 4.3 2.7 3.1 2.2 2.75 2.0 1.5 1.7 2.9 5.35 3.95 ,7 3.0 2.4 2.55 2.0 r.o 1.7 I 4.7 3.8 2.6 2.9 zu 1.9 l_o 1.6 85 3.65 2.6 2.75 2.2 2.45 1.9 1.4 1.6 t.4 3.5 2.6 2.7 2.1 2.4 10 1.4 1.6 t.c o 3.4 2.55 2.3 1.8 1.6 o

cl89&

1...... 2.55 3.05 2.4 o. no to 2.9 o 2.45 2.4 2.2 3.65 3.2 t 2.6 3.05 5.6 2.8 I 2.2 2.3 2.1 3.55 3.1 2.75 2.95 2.5 4.75 2.7 2.6 I 2.2 2.2 2.1 3.25 3.0 4_...... 2.65 2.95 zt 4.3 2.6 2.5 I 3.0 z.t 2.6 a! 3.3

oGage heights January 24 to July 9. 1896, subject to considerable erq bGagplowmd2.O0fettol90SdatumApril 3, 1897. GageheightsJanuaryl to April 3, 1897, refer to 1905 datum. cGage heights Octobq l5 to Deember 31, 1897, and January 1 to February 13, 1898, subject to considerable error. .IAMI'S R,IVER DRAINAGE BASIN. LO7

Dailg gage height, in feet, of James Riaer at Buchanan, Va.

I'eb. M AI. lIay. June.lJuly.lAug. Sept.

2.55 | 2 85 I 2.5 1.8 2.75 | 3.0 45 2.55 I 2.85 1.25 5 1.85 c. co 2.2 4.35 | 3.0 10 2.45 | 2 85 4 05 11.0 4 1.9 4.2 2.2 3.95 | 2.9 1 2.45 | 2.85 8 7 3 1.9 3.95 2.1 3.2 | 2.9 7 2.45 | 2.75 7 I 3 1.9 4.5 2.1 2.95 | 2.8 8.7 10.. 2.45 | 2.75 o 7 o 2 1.9 8.3 2.0 2.7 | 2.7 3.6 11. . 3.55 | 2.6 6 85 2 1.9 ll_to 2.0 2.5 | 2.7 3.5 t2.. 4.0 | 2.45 6. 35 2 1.9 6.9 2.0 2.6 | 2.7 13. . 4 95 3.6 12.3 2.6 2.2 1 5.05 I 2.5 | 2.7 'Q 14.. 3.25 | 2.3 2.6 5.3 ot 2 1 6 I 2.5 | 2.9 15. . 3.2 | 2.3 2.6 7.1 2 1 I 2.4 | 2.9 3.1 16.. 4.25 | 2.4 2.b 6.25 2 I 8 2.4 | 2.9 3.0 17._ 4.85 I 2.3 2.6 5.4 3 1 1.8 2.45 | 2.9 3.0 18. . 4.35 I 2.3 3.35 4.8 3 2 35 35 1.8 2.7 | 2.9 2.9 19. . 3 .75 | 2.3 4.4 4.4 3t2 15 2 a 1.8 6.45 | 4.25 2.9 20.. 3.6 | 2.3 4.2 4.15 3.4 D 2 2 05 1.8 4.85 I 6.3 2.9 2t.. 385 123 5 2 1 8 1.8 6.85 I 5.25 2.8 22.. 39 t2.75 3.45 JD' 3.0 2.4 2 3 7 2.25 14.1 I 4.4 2.8 3 6 | 3.3 3.35 4.9 2 35 oo o.t 8.6 I 4.25 4.36 24.. 3 55 | 3.05 3.1 5.8 3 2 3 4 6.05 I 4.2 o.o 25.. 3.75 I 2.9 4.0 5.05 2 2 65 3.0 5.0 14.05 26. . 3.85 I 2.8 bzo 7 2 2 3 2 4.55 | 3 75 4.26 27. . 4.5 2.7 4.45 3.3 05 2 25 5 2 4.1 13.55 3.85 28.. 3.15 I 2.6 4.05 3.25 8 05 3 4 5 2 4.0 | 3.4 3.6 29. . 3.75 4.3 4D 0 3 5 2 3.65 | 3.3 3.5 30.. 3.6 8.5 3.0 3 0 2 5 2 3.7 | 3.2 3.5 31. 3.3 8.2 2 2 2.4 3.9 3.4.

1.. 3.45 7 .45 3.3 2.9 2.2 I I 1.9 .8 1.8 2.. t. oa 3.0 0.55 4.1 t.J 3.0 2.1 I I 1.9 .9 1.8 3.. 3.4 3.0 6.4 4.0 3.3 2.9 2.1 8 I 1.9 .1 1.8 4.. 3.4 3.4 1l.2 3.9 3.3 2.9 2.0 8 0 1.9 1.8 5.. 3.95 4.9 19.05 3.8 2.9 2.0 8 1 1.9 .2 1.8 6.. 5.95 6.8 13.55 3.E 2.8 a2.05 8 0 1.8 .2 E 7.. 10.25 8.4 6.10 3.55 2.7 2.7 8 I 1.8 .1 8 8.. 7.7 4.85 2.6 I 8 1.8 .1 I 9..... 5.95 6.0 5.9 o+D 7.2 2.6 9 0 1.8 .1 I 10..... 5.2 4.5 t. to 1 6.15 2.6 2.15 I 1 1.8 .0 8 11..... 4.6 4.05 5.35 7 O. JD 2.6 2.0 I 2 1.8 .0 8 12..... 4.2 4.0 t_ lo 55 t.lD 2.6 2.0 I 1 1.8 .9 13..... 4.0 4.0 4.95 4 D,I 2.0 I 1 1.8 .9 3.5 14..... 3.85 3.95 4.65 3 3.8 2.0 2 0 0 1.8 .9 3.55 lo... _. 4_ lo 3.5 4.75 2 3.55 I 2 6 0 . 1.8 o 9D 16..... 3 3.6 o.Do ID 4.7 I 2 45 I 1.8 .9 6 l7 .... . 2 3.75 o,d 0 4.35 3.0 I 2 2 I 1.8 .8 45, 18..... 2 4.r3 5.05 4.15 2.85 I 2 0 8 1.8 .8 19..... 05 4.85 7.15 4.0 2.7 I I I 45 1.8 .8 2.2 20..... 7.8 3 3.85 2.6 I I I 6 1.8 .8 2.2 6 8.2 6.35 3 .t. oD 2.5 I I 8 4 7.7 .8 2.7 ,, 5 70.2 o. bD 3 3.5 2.4 8 1 8 1.7 .8 2.1 23..... D 9.35 5.2 3 3.4 2.4 8 I 8 35 1.7 .8 2.1

oGage heights April 1 to July 6, 1899 subjrct to considerable error. 108 HYDT,OGRAPIIY OX' YTBGTNI}I.

Daily gage height, in feet, ol James Riner at Buchanan, I/o.-Con.

Dav Jan. Mu. Apr. May.lJune.lJuly. Aug. Sept. I Oci. Nov. Dec.

1899. 3.4 4.8 3.4 2.3 1.8 1.8 t, 8 2.1 tt 4.55 2.45 1.8 1.8 2.1 .7 8 2.1 o,o 4.25 d. oo ,L 1.8 1.8 2.1 .7 8 2.25 t.o 4.1 3.9 2.95 1.9 1.9 2.0 .7 8 2.3 3.4 4.0 3.8 2.6 1.9 8 8 3.3 4.8 a.a 3.0 2.0 0 2.Q 7 1.8 2.2 3.2 t.D 3.6 3.1 2.4 2.0 o 1.9 .7 t.8 2.2 3.1 4.95 3.1 1.9 I 7 2.2

1900.

1...... 2.4 16.8 4.4 3.1 2.85 | 2.7 2.4 | 1.9 2.2 z.a 4.2 2...... 2.4 | S.25 4.15 3.0 2.75 | 2.6 2.3 I 1.9 2.2 3.8 3...... 2.3 16.8 4.0 I 3.3 | 2.6 2.3 11.9 2.2 2.8 2.1 2.35 | 5.5 3.9 85 3.05 I 2.6 2.25 | 2.t5 2.2 3.45 6.05 2.55 | 4.9 3.8 8 2.9 2.5 2.r | 2.9 2 3.55 9.8 A 2.1 2.5 | 4.55 8 2.8 | 2.5 2.t | 2.8 2 3.25 6.25 7 2.0 2.5 t 4.4 3.6 2.7 2.7 I 2.4 2.0 12.2 2.95 o.@ 8...... 1 2.0 95 | 4.4 3.5 oo 2.7 | 2.4 2.0 | 1.95 2 2.8 4.95 9...... 65 | 4.6 J. J' 2.6 | 2.3 2.0 11.8 2.1 2.7 475 ln 2.1 814.35 3.2 oo 2.5 | 2.2 2.0 11.8 2.1 2.6 4.4 1l 4 514.2 3.1 2.5 | 2.2 1.9 | r.8 2.1 2.6 3.95 1' 1 3.35 | 4.05 3.0 2.5 | 2.3 1.9 1.7 2.t 8 It | 2 6.85 | 3.9 3.0 3.1 | 2.3 1.9 | 1.7 2.r 65 1L ot 9.2 | 3.75 3.0 2.4 2.8 | 2.2 1.9 | 1.7 2.1 5 15...... d. It 6.1 13.6 2.9 2.8 | 2.2 I | 2.1 2.35 5 60 IO..,..... 95 5.5 13.6 2.8 4.6 | 2.1 I I 3.15 2.4 2 17...... ,. 8 4 55 I 3.5 2.8 6.3 | 2.0 813.35 2.6 2.4 3.1 1R 8 4.3 I 3.4 2.55 2.3 6.9 12.0 812.6 2.45 ,4 3.1 to 3.6 13.5 4.15 2.25 6.0 12.0 812.35 2.4 3.0 20...... 9,3 3.35 I 9.5 4.9 2.5 4.65 I 2.0 t.7 I 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.5 ,1 8.15 3.3 110.3 4.65 2.85 4.15 | 2.0 7 | 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.9 9' 5.6 8.0 17.4 4.7 2.65 3.9 2.0 7 | 2.r 2.3 2_S +, oo 7.45 | 5.95 o.s 2.5 3.25 | 2.0 8 | 2.1 2.95 2.3 2.8 3.95 6.4 | 5.2 4.85 DD 3.05 | 2.0 8t2.2 10.45 2.65 3.05 25...... o.o 5.6 14.95 4.4 3.0 l2.r 8 | 2.1 o. oD 4.26 26...... 4.8 14.85 4.25 0 2.9 13.1 8 | 2.1 4.1 17.5 3.0 3.2 4.35 I 4.8 J. dD 45 2.8 | 3.2 9 12.r 2.9 12.2 3.0 te 2.75 4.15 | 4.9 3.7 2.7 | 3.15 s | 2.2 2.7 6.85 2.9 29...... ,...... 2.55 4.76 3.25 3.1 2.7 | 3.3 I | 2.2 2.6 t.D 2.9 30...... t 4.6 3.15 3.0 2.7 | 2.75 I | 2.2 2.6 4.85 2.8 31 ...... 1 4 6 3.0 2.55 I 2.6 2.8

1901.

1...... 2.8 2.9 2.5 3.9 0 5.25 4.2 2.6 6.6 3.15 2.2 2.2 2.8 2.8 zu 4.0 I 4.75 3.95 2.5 o.u 3.0 2.2 2.2 3...... 2.7 2.8 9.85 8 4.35 2.5 4.2 2.9 2.2 2-45 4 2.7 to 2.6 10.25 DD 4.15 3.85 2.5 3.65 2.8 2.r 2.9 5...... 2.6 2.9 2.65 8.95 J.d 4.55 3.35 2.7 2.1 3.45 6...... 2.6 3.0 2.7 o.o 3.65 4.35 6.1 2.6 2.1 3.25 7...... 6 3.1 2.8 6.1 5.35 4.05 9.75 3.1 2.5 2.1 vo R 6 3.1 2.8 5.9 4.6 3.85 5.4 3.0 I 8 q 6 3.1 2.9 5.2 4.15 3.55 2.9 2.4 1 8 10...... 3.2 2.9 4.7 3.75 ao( 3.8 2.8 2.4 7 lt, ...... _ .- _ _ - 35 3.35 9.0 4.35 t_o 3.1 50 2.8 tI 15 JAMES RIYER' DR,AINAGE RASIN. 109

Dai.lg gage height, in feet, ol James Ri,aer at Buchanan, lra.-Con.

Day. Jan, tr'eb. Mar. June. I July. Aug.lSept.lOct. Nov. I Dec. r901. 9.85 3.2 / -dc 4.05 3.5 13.0 2.1 3.4 7.65 3.1 6.35 3.9 05 3.5 12.85 2.1 t.o o.6 3.1 t. ot 4.05 ao 3.4 t3.45 2.5 2.1 5.1 3.1 4.7 8.5 55 6.2 14.65 2.'5 2.0 14.9 4.6 3.0 4.25 6.95 I ll.6 5.2 2.0 10.9 3.0 J-va 5.8 3 8.2 15.35 2.0 6.45 3.85 2.9 3.65 o.40 3.2 7.t 5.05 2.3 0 5.ZD 3.65 2.9 3.2 6.05 I 4.85 0 4.5 3.35 2.9 3.4 9.75 5.3 14.4 0 4.05 2.8 7 12.2 5.2 t3.95 2.3 0 3.65 2.8 9 9.3 8.65 6.0 13.55 2.0 3.4 2.7 0 7.8 tr,o 0.1 I 3.25 2.05 3.4 3.1 2.7 85 6.9 8.25 35 I 3.1 2.2 2.5 2.0 8 6.35 o, 10 613.0 2.2 2.6 3.45 35 2.8 55 5.7 5.85 75 2.9 2.5 4.1 2.6 I t.2, E.6 35 2.8 2.4 5.25 2 8 4.8 9.6 2 I 2.7 2.3 D. to 2 5.25 4.45 8.35 2.3 15.05 1 4.7 4.15 4.55 | 2.6 2.2 2.2 19.25 3.0 1.L o. dt ... 2.6 2.2 10.3

1902.

/,to I o.lt 19.05 3.0 .6 to 2.2 2 3.8 ...... 1 62 | 5.8 9.05 4.95 3.0 .6 85 2.2 2 4.55 ...... 1 5.1 | 5.7 l.o 4.65 3.0 .6 tlo 2.2 2 5.25 4.95 I 5.,15 6.25 4.5 3.0 .6 5 2.2 2 5.35 ...... 1 4.55 I 5.0 4.6 2.65 2 5.0 4.25 | 4.5 5.25 4.5 2.9 2 t.r ...... 1 405 I42 o.u 4.5 2.9 t 4 2.35 2.0 4.4 ...... 1 3.9 I 4.05 5.0 2.9 3 2.2 2.0 3.95 .l 3.8 I 3.85 6.3 5.9 2.9 4 2.1 2.0 3.65 ...... i 3.65 I 3.? 7.t 5.8 2.9 5 2.1 2.0 3.45 .....1 3.5 I 3.6 6.6 5.75 2.9 5 2.25 0 3.4 | 3.5 DOO cc 2.8 2.45 0 ...t 3 3 3.4 25 2.8 0 .... .1 3.15 3.3 8.0 I 8 0 4.25 .....t 3.0 3.2 45 8 95 2.4 0 4.45 ...... t 3.0 i 3.2 7.05 8 2.4 0 1.15 .....1 3.0 | 3.2 8.65 05 7 0 6.35 ..t 3.1 65 6.1 3.0 | I .6 2.2 .....1 3.0 I 3.1 5.95 8 2.2 3 4.95 ..1 2.9 I 3.2 ,lt 7 2.1 85 4.3 .t 2.9 I 3.3 4.9 6 4 2.1 3.95 'D ....1 2.9 | 3.5 4.55 4 2.1 4 4.05 ....1 2.9 | 3.75 4.25 4 4 2.1 3 4.25 2.5 t 12 4.1 3.4 4 2.1 2 3.95 ...1 2.9 | 10.1 4.0 3 2.7 4 2.0 2.45 3.75 ...... 1 3.3 1 14.4 3.85 3 2.8 0 2.0 3.8 3.55 5.05 | 9.55 2.9 I 2.0 4.55 3.25 .l 8.4 I 15.35 3.7 3 2.9 8 2.25 4.7 3.0 6.15 1.... 5.6 ?.8 8 8.26 8.05 2.8 I 2.2 3:15 3.15 ...... ,.t ooo t..... 62 2.7 2.2 3.0 110 HYDR,OGRAPHY OIi' VIRGINIA.

Dai.ly gage height, in leet, of Jomes Riter at Buehanan, Ya.-Con

I ___"*_ t.,an. Apr. June. I July. I Aug. I Sept Nor'. lDec. r903. t- I 128 tl tL.25 .45 4 .55 .7 4.0 3.4 2 2 2-l 2. 18 12.85 4.75 .6 4 .6 4.05 3.25 3.1 2 .2 2.1 2.18 I 10.75 4.7 6.0 .to 4 .05 .6 3.6 2.75 2 2 2.7 2. 18 18.75 6.35 .15 4 .0 .o 3.45 3.0 2.6 2 .2 2.7 2.r5 I o.ro 8.6 4.75 3 .9 .85 3.45 3.45 2 2 2.0 2.15 tt. ti 4.45 .95 3 .8 .65 4.0 3.05 2.4 2 2 2.4 2.15 Ill' o.zD 4.25 .7 3 .7 .05 J. OJ 2.95 2 2.0 2.r5 4.9 4.35 .95 3 .7 .1 2.75 2.2 3 .7 2.0 lxt 4.6 o.zc .65 3 .o .1 3.05 2.6 2.95 2 .d 2.0 2.r5 4lo 5.75 _7 3 .3 2.9 2_5 3.1 2 .8 2.0 2.15 l:;' 4.3 5.45 .2 3 .35 .8 z.tD 2 .7 2.0 2.15 I a.os ti. l 5. E5 .8 3 .2 3.05 2.4 zut 2 .6 2.0 2.15 134 otD o. dl .oo 3 .2 .1 4.0'D 2.4 2 2.0 2.1 1ts2 5.1 5.4 .25 3 .1 .75 5.5 2.4 2.4 2 2.0 2.r 134 1.7 o.uo 3 .0 .45 4.5 2.4 2 2.0 2.1. 5.7 4.7 .2 3 .0 .3 3.95 2 2.0 2.r l3i 14.8 4.35 .05 2 .9 . tt J. bi) 1.7 2 2.0 2.05 9.0 4.25 .85 2 .9 .0 oo 2 2.1 2.05 133 D.D 3.95 .45 2 .9 .9 3.05 4.35 2 2.1 05 3.2 3.8 .2 2 ,E .8 2.9 3.8 2 2.1 15 3.3 5. 15 3.85 .2 2 .b .8 2.8 2 3 3.5 4.75 4.25 .3 2 .7 2.7 2.4 2.95 z 3 136 4.55 11. 15 .2 2 .45 2.b 2.4 2.8 2 28 I 3.65 15. 1 .05 2 .7 2.b 2.4 2.65 2 2E 135 4.2 E.25 .9 2 .2 2.1 2 J 3.45 4.25 .35 2 .35 2 I 3.45 4.2 o.o .1 2 .95 2.4 2 l8 28 148 7.85 5.1 .40 2 ot 2.4 2 r8 3 I n.85 4.75 .4 2 .b 2.4 2.2 z l8 2.32 5.95 .9 2 .05 3.0 2 l8 2.32 lii 8.05 2 3.35 2.4 2 2.35

.47 2.81 .1.85 4.82 {99 32 2 52 r.92 l.82 lnD i.9 2.97 D.Ot 3.8i 4.4 8.11 2.95 2 39 1.9 1.82 1 .85 1.9 .4 2.86 4.88 3.E2 4.0 8841 2.81 2 29 2.0 r.82 1.E5 1.9 5 zon 4.24 3.68 3.9 6.49 2.65 I 2 2 2.0 r.82 1. bD 1.9 .59 ztt 3.44 3.53 5.48 2.57 2 5 2.0 1.8 1.87 1.9 6.... .55 2.4E 4.08 3.38 3.57 4001 2.551 2 1.99 1.8 1 .87 1.92 7.. .. .5 2.75 u.39 3.3 3.5 4.21 2.47 2 39 1.95 t.8 1.87 1.95 5 4.32 7 .32 3.36 3.65 4111 2.561 2 48 1.9 1.8 1.85 1.S5 9.... .45 4.52 6.38 {. t6 3.8 3 7l 2.41 2 3 1.92 1.8 1.85 2.0 10.... .42 3.81 5.23 4.38 3.53 2.36 2 3 1.94 1.8 1.85 2.02 11.... .12 ts.45 4.6 4.06 J.O 344 2.35 12 1.95 1.8 1 .82 2.02 12.... .4 3. i5 1.2 3.87 3.42 3.33 2.59 | 2 51 2.02 1.8 r.82 2.02 11 .34 2.95 4.22 3.68 3.27 3.19 1244 12 JO 2.0 1.8 1.85 2.0 14.... .3 2.17 3.98 3.58 3.25 3.02 2.34 | 2 26 1.95 1.8 1 .95 2.0 rt.... .2 2.69 ao 3.43 3.32 2.86 12.3 | 2 2 1.92 1.8 2.05 1.97 16.... .1 2.6 3.88 3.36 2.93 12.2 | 2 1 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.97 .1 2.42 3. 66 3.28 3.35 3r | 2.t7t 2 35 1.9 1.8 1.97 1.95 18.... .1 2.41 3.5 3.16 4.9'I 3.25 12.r2 12 2 1.9 ld 1.95 1.95 19.... .1 2.67 3.44 3.06 102 3.14 12.r | 2 1.9 1.8 i.93 1.95 20.... .15 2.82 3.34 3.0 7.3 3.261 2.0 I 2 1.9 1.8 1.93 1.95 21.... .25 2.65 2.9 5.82 3.57)2.0 12 1.9 lto 1.9 1 .92 22.... dro 2.86 3.12 12.0 | 2 1.9 1.85 1.9 |.92' JAMES R,IVER, DII,AINAGE BASIN. 111

Daity gage height, in leet, of .Iames Rh;er at Buchanan, I'a.-Con.

Dav. Apr June. July. Aug. Scpt.

1904 5.3 tt.05 3.44 2.81 4.5 ll 2.r4 2.2 1.87 160 97 1.92 24.. 4.9 4.8 4.08 2.76 4.15 86 2.29 2.1 1.87 1.85 95 1.9 25.. 3.85 4.45 4.35 4.15 72 2.32 2.07 r.87 1.85 93 2.02 26.. 3.47 3.04 4.21 64 2.32 2.05 1 .87 1.85 93 2.22 27. . 3.22 3.68 4.07 6.51 4.45 59 2.0 1.85 1.85 93 2.35 28. . 2.82 3.46 3.86 8.18 4.42 84 2.31 2.0 15D 1 .85 93 2.46 29. . 2.52 3.69 6.41 3.89 52 1.95 1.85 1 .85 I 2.52 30.. 2.5t 3.54 5.46 3.65 32 2.26 1.95 1 .85 185 I 2.39 31. . 2.b7 3.4 3.75 2. 18 1..92 1.U5 2.32

a2.19 2.\7 3.60 3.36 2.45 3.64 2.81 3.04 2.14 1 .88 2.10 05

2.17 2.W 4.38 3.25 2.45 3.34 . 2.85 2.84 2 .47 1.91 2.06 05 2.t7 2.O2 4.59 3.09 ,t 3. 13 3.05 2.71 d. DD r .98 02 06 2.t4 1.98 4.32 3.05 2.38 2.E4 2.88 2.91 1.95 00 90 2.14 1.98 5. 10 3.05 2.38 2.70 3.22 2.64 3.02 1.95 00 tt o.. 2.28 2.01 5.00 3.41 2.44 2.67 3.22 2.87 2.70 1.92 00 86 7.. rtg 2.06 4.76 4.42 2.58 2.58 5.00 2.80 2.48 1.90 00 l8 8.. 81 2.08 5.48 4.08 2.74 2.52 5.08 2.70 2.33 1.88 00 86 9.. oo 2.08 6.01 3.91 2.86 2.47 4.48 2.61 2.27 1.88 00 It 10. . 43 l0 t1..22 3.71 2.80 2 .38 3.83 2.58 ,'L ldo 200 oo ll. . 39 14 8.49 3.56 7u 2.34 3.48 2.22 209 200 12. . ti4 24 0.66 51 62 33 5.03 2.20 )rl 2.00

13. . 57 5.83 38 25 30 14.82 2.55 2l 2.r9 2.00 40

14. . 5. 11 5.32 28 28 11 .39 22 2.74 200 .4C lt. 2.67 4.90 3.20 6.49 26 8.45 78 19 10 2N 16. 3.t7 2.46 456 3.03 8.28 6. 17 13 13 05 200 17. 2.83 2.3r 4.30 3.49 7.20 5. 19 00 10 05 2.00 .39 18. 2.97 2.28 4.36 2.93 t9a 38 4.45 VD t0 04 2.00 19. 2.85 2.26 430 2.88 5.05 2.1r 4.03 2.88 2. 10 2.02 2.00 .30 20. 2.7r 2.27 426 2.79 4.48 2 .47 3.70 2 .77 2.08 2.02 2N .tl 2t. 2.61 2.30 4.32 2.75 4.02 3.02 3.52 2.66 2.05 2.08 2.00 .26 22. 2.51 2.69 630 2.64 3.75 3.79 3.76 249 2.02 2.08 200 91 2.49 3.20 5.38 60 354 3.59 4.78 2.3r 2.00 2.05 2.00 ot 24. 2.44 3.63 4.64 60 36 1_41 4.55 2.30 1.95 2.05 20) .91 25. 2.44 3.66 4.29 60 16 6.23 3.99 2.30 t.92 2.05 2N .51 26. 2.39 3.82 4.14 52 06 4.98 3. ttO 2.77 1.92 2.08 2.00 .08 27. 2.39 4.06 4.00 31 3.90 3.32 2.57 1 .92 2.11 2.00

1 2.00 .60 28. 2. .84 3.79 3.96 43 t. od 3.18 2.43 .90 2.30 29_ 2.31 . 3.69 zcu 22 3. 19 342 2 .36 r.90 2.29 2.00 .28 30. 2.29 3.60 2.50 24 3.00 3.45 2.26 1 .86 2.22 2.O2 .16 31. 2.24 3.49 72 3.17 2.24 2.t4 .92

olce rcnditions during part of January, 1905, HYDROGRAPI1Y O!' VIRGINIA.

Rating table for James R'iaer qt Buchanan,Va., t'rom August, 1g95, to August 31, lg9g.

Gage Gage Dischuge Discharge Gage Dischrge Gage Eeight. Eeight. Height. Heighf Discharge.

Fed, 9md-feeL Fea. Secmd-lee,. Feel, Sqnd-lenl Fed,. Swtd-fed. 1.20 260 2.60 I,150 4.00 3 ,2t5 5.80 7 ,110 1 .30 295 2.70 | ,260 4.10 3,405 6.00 7,600 t.40 JJO 2.801 1 ,375 4.20 3 ,600 6.20 8,r00 r.50 380 2.s6 t ,495 4.30 3,800 6.40 8,620 1.60 425 3 .00 I ,620 4.40 4,000 6.60 9,140 1.70 4tD 3. r0 | ,750 4.50 4,200 6 .80 9,680 I .80 530 3.20 r ,890 4. 60 4,400 7.00 r0 ,220 1.90 bdl) 3. 30 2,035 4.70 4,610 7 .20 10,780 2.00 645 3.40 2 ,185 4.80 4,820 7 .40 11 ,340 2.10 710 3.50 2,340 4.90 5 ,040 7.60 rr ,920 2.20 /6D 3.60 2 ,505 5.00 5 ,260 7.80 12 ,520 2.30 865 3.70 2 ,675 5.20 5 ,700 8.00 r3,140 2.40 955 3 .80 2,850 5.40 6,160 2.50 1 ,050 3.90 3 ,030 5. 60 6 ,630 The above tuble is strictlv applicable orily for open chanoel conditions. It is bared upon g dischmge measurements made during 1895 to 1898' Ii G not well ,iee n"a.' at o"" s.b teftt i. iat,re'i" t[i;r;;r-ril;""bffi;'ii6! to rsos. Rating table for James Rioer at Buchanan, va.,lrom september 1, 1g9g, to December 31, 1906. lrtl n9ili", Discharge. o*n**. Discharge 1l olffni

Secmd-tat, Swnd-feet, Feot. Secmil-fed. Sewtd-fed 275 ll 3.20 | 1 ,670 4.70 4,450 7.20 1 r0,700 325 ll 3.30 | r ,815 4.80 4 ,665 7.n | 11 ,290 380 ll 3.40 I r ,e65 4.90 4,885 7.60 | 11 ,900 2.00 440 1 3.50 I 2,125 5.00 5 ,105 7.80 I t2 ,520 2.10 505 11 3.60 1 2 ,2e0 5. 10 5 ,330 8.00 | 13,140 2.20 575 ll 3.70 | 2.460 5.20 5 ,555 8.20 | 13,780 2.30 655 ll 3.80 I 2,640 5.40 6,015 8.40 | 14,420 2.40 740ll 3.eo | 2,825 5.60 6 ,485 8.60 | 15,080 2.50 835 4.00 ll I 3,015 5.80 6 ,965 8.80 | 15,760 2 -60 e35 4.10 ll | 3 ,210 6 .00 7 ,460 9.00 I 16 ,470 2.70 1 4.20 | ,040 ll | 3,410 6.20 7 ,970 9. 20 | 17 ,200 2.80 I 4.30 I ,155 ll | 3,610 6.40 8 ,495 9.40 I 17,950 2.e0 1,275 | ll 4.4o I 3,815 6.60 I,030 9.60 | 18 ,720 3.00 I I ,400 il 4.50 I 4,025 6.80 I ,575 9.80 I 19,500 3.r0 1,530 I ll 4.60 I 4,235 7 .00 10,130 10.00 | 20,300 Tlreabovetableissirictlyapplicableonryforopenchannelconditions. 'is rtisba*dupon16dischugem.".**.ntu mg\during 1e0I to 1e05.' It detried Lc't-we; i..i"#j?3i;..t" ii,H?.frt'J mrned hv two .weu sil;i;isb#is iliit i, aut*- measuements made duing 1901. Above gageleighi 8.5 feii ii is aeteminea W'itJpioau.t of tne uer and veloeitv curv6 but there me_ somewhat unerta"in-owifr gagtng t" lf;;;ifi;i;ti";;;;'#;i#Hi ;[; section. A rock control below the statiotr causes the aischirge meisirienenlJ pomsn"nt curve. 6;.lot 6i. iliiirli: "l JAMES RIVER DII,AINAGE BASIN. IIJ

Esttimated monthly ilischarge of James Riuei at Bu"honon, Vo.

Dischrge in second-feet, j hecipitaiion.

Per Los of De.ptb e€trt. In per of I in Mffiimum. . lt inches. sq. mL inches. precip!- inchw. iatiou

530 475 506 .246 +to 380 412 .200 425 425 425 .207 585 475 5q3 ,41 ]

5,260 530 1,189 I .578

b1896.

i January 241o31,. 7 ,600 1 ,050 2,874 1 .40 .417 a2.20 | February...... 10,920 1 ,050 3,422 1 .66 t.79 M 4.06 ),, I March.. 22,950 1 ,050 4,712 ,ro 2.64 50 5.26 2.62

April.. . 16 ,650 260 2,332 1. r3 t.26 80 t.57 .31 May'... 2 ,065 260 1 ,035 .503 .580 19 3.03 2.45 June. 3 ,310 7lo | ,294 .629 .702 l4 5. 19 4.49 July.. 30,000 785 2 ,990 1.42 1.64 25 6.60 4.56 August. 2,340 DdD 1 ,025 .498 .574 16 3.52 2.95 September...... 40,160 475 I ,826 .887 .990 lo 6.20 5.21 October.. 11 ,060 530 t,284 .624 .719 l4 .51 -.20 November..,.... 77 ,200 530 2,527 1.23 7.37 26 5.20 3.83 December...... , 8,620 785 1 ,810 .879 1.0r 34 .30 -.71

The year...... ] ar.un 1.. .

aPrecipitatiou lor complete months December, 1895 and January, 1896. dEstimates Janusy % to July 9, 1$96 liable to considerable mor, owing to inaccuracy of the gage. 114 HYDROGRAPIIY OF VIRGINIA.

Estimated, monthlg ilischarge ol James Rioer at Buchanan, Zo.-Con

Month.

1897.

January. . . . r ,495 710 886 .43r .497 28 r.27 1,260 10,560 5. t3 5.34 ot 5.80 .46 2 ,185 4,827 2.34 2.70 80 3 .39 .69 I ,150 2,064 I .00 I.r2 67 1.63 .53 r ,100 4,730 2.30 2.65 50 5. 30 2.65 7I0 I ,018 .495 .552' t7 3.34 2.79 7r0 1 ,049 .510 .588 16 3. r5 530 62r .302 .348 t6 ,11 r .86 335 425 .207 .23\ 22 I .06 .83 oOctober...... 502 295 394 .191 .220 92 2.39 2.,17 oNovember...... bgO 295 368 .179 .200 to 2.65 2.45 oDecember...... 1 1,Sb8 I +tD 1 ,O52 .511 .589 16 3.70 3. 11 r----]- Tbeyear...... 38,600 295 2,332 i;l 15.04 I 4r 36.98 2t.96

4,930 1 .002 | 2,280 1.1l 1.28 40 3. 18 1.90 2 ,035 E65 | | ,226 .596 .621 72 .86 .24

14,750 955 1 ,2 ,745 1.33 1 .53 40 3.79 2.26 10,500 1 ,620 I 4,235 2.06 2.30 ln 2.94 .64 24,420 1,o50 | 4.264 2.07 2.39 41 5.76 3 .37 | ,495 645 | 904 .439 .490 l4 3. 50 3.01 2 ,r85 530 | 804 .391 .451 I 4.81 +..to 26,820 785 | 4,064 r.97 2.27 39 5.83 3.56 6,250 325 I 806 .392 .+5t IO 8.28 2.84 39,r20 505 | 4,163 2n 2.33 to 8 .07 5.74 8,230 r ,o40 | 2,2r2 1.07 1.19 53 2.25 1.06 6,485 r ,r55 I 2,384 1.16 44 3.06 1.72

39,120 325 2,507 1.22 16.63 47.33 30. 70

oEstimates october 15 to December 31, 1897, riable to considerabre enor ov-ing to inaccuracy oI gage. bEstimates Januuy 1 to February 13, 18g8, liable to eror orving to inaccuracy of gage. JAMES R,IYER, DP-A.INAGE BASIN.

Estimated, monthly ilischarge of ,Iames Riaer at Buchanan, Iro.-Con.

Discharge in second-feet.

Per Second- ,rl Depth ceni. Loss of In ln Maximum. I\{inimum. Nlean. pef ln of inches. sq. mr. inches. nrecini- inches. iation.

I 21 ,300 I ,530 3 ,850 1 .87 2.16 /D 2.88 .72 21 7 3. 54 3.69 /o 4.86 l. tl ,100 1 ,400 ,2e1 I 1l 66 ,290 3,015 10,130 I 4.92 5.67 t02 J.OO -. 7A 6 I 3 1.47 I .64 ot r. /d ,132 ,965 ,034 I 10,700 1 ,400 3,2e5 1.60 1.84 40 4.62 2.78 I ,9' 2,640 b.l)D l ,r8l I .574 .640 18 3.46 697 325 .243 8 2.90 2.66 935 325 .225 5 4.25 4.02 2,290 325 .320 I 3 .65 3.33 380 275 .178 I 1.98 r .80 655 325 t14 30 .71 .50 2 ,207 325 630 I .306 .353 16 2.16 1 .81

t7 ,570 440 2,405 r.t7 1 .35 50 2.70 1.35 17 ,200 ttbD 4,343 2.ll 2.20 48 4.6r 2.41 .15 2l ,510 1 ,965 6 ,014 tot 3.37 96 3.52 ot 6,132 1,155 2,682 1 .30 r.45 61 2.37 4,025 615 | ,244 .604 .696 22 3. 10 2.40 9,850 835 2,260 1.10 1.23 24 5 .14 3 .91 1 ,815 440 787 .382 .440 t2 3.69 3.25

740 275 410 . r99 .229 13 l.7l 1.48

r ,890 275 614 .258 .333 8 4.09 3.76 22,120 505 1 ,667 .810 .934 25 3 .78 2.85 57,500 oDo 4,522 2.20 2.46 59 +.tt l-ir t7 ,570 I.IDO 3 ,056 I .48 r.7l 67 2.57 .86

zzsl z,soo aEstimatm April 1 to July 6, 1899, liable to mnsiderable error owing to inaccuacy of gage. 116 rlyDBoeRAprry oF vrRerNlA.

Estimnted mnnthly discharge of Jomes lliaer at Bucharnn, va.-Con.

Dischrge in semnd-fet, hecipitation.

Per l Semnd-ft.i De.pth ent" In Ios of Muimum. per OI n inche, n lMinirlun, sq. mi. inches. PJqPipi- iac.hes. taibn, --f-- 19,700 835 2,860 1.39 I .60 64 2.5L .91 February...... 1 ,890 835 1 ,307 ..635 .661 105 0. 63 -.03 March.. 16,470 835 3,875 1.88 2.17 58 3.7r 1.54 April.. . 29 ,770 2,825 I,179 4.46 4.98 76 6.52 1.54 May... 36,600 1 ,670 6 ,346 3 .08 3. 55 56 6.31 2.76 June.. . 27 ,040 1 ,965 5,807 2.82 3. 15 52 6.07 ,o, July.... 5 ,900 935 2 ,617 t.27 I .46 31 4.77 3.31 August. 19 ,300 835 4,830 2.35 2.7r JI 8.71 6.00 September...... 9,030 740 1.,696 .824 .919 26 3 .56 2.64 October. 1 ,600 o/D 789 .383 .442 69 0.64 0.20 November...... 935 440 550 .267 .298 22 t.37 1 .07 December...... 67 ,450 bl,) 8,597 4.18 4.82 63 7 .63 2.8r

67 ,450 4,038 r.96 26.76 52.43

1902.

Jarrruary. 14,420 |,275 3 ,735 1 .81 2.O9 69 3.03 .94 February...... , 45,690 I ,530 7 ,212 ts. 50 3.64 69 5.26 1.62 March.. 1J' 66,290 2,460 I,685 4.71 5.43 3. 16 -2.27 Ap"il.. . 7 ,2r0 I ,530 3 ,7L4 r .80 2.01 t23 1.64 - .37 May. 1 ,400 935 1 ,r78 .572 .660 26 2.53 r.87 June.. . r ,530 740 961 .467 .52r I4 3. 69 3. 17 Jnly.... r ,600 505 683 .332 .383 II 2.27 1.89

Augu6t.. 787 MO 548 .266 .307 19 1 .61 1.30 September...... 655 380 425 .207 .23r 80 2.89 2.66 October.. 987 MO 615 .259 .345 8 4.56 4.22 NoVember...... 4,130 440 s74 .473 .528 t4 3.74 3.2r December...... 8,362 |,400 3,426 1.66 I .91 63 3.04 1.13

66,290 380 | 2,762 37.42 JAMES RIVER DRAINAGID BASIN. TIJ

Estimateil monthly ilischarge ol Ja'mes Riaer at Buchanan, Va.-Con.

Discharge in semnd-feet. Run+f. Precipitation.

Ps Month. Depth cent. In Los oI per ln of in Maximum. Minimum. I Mean. . inches. sq. ml. inchc. precipi inches. tation.

1903.

j DO 4.56 2.05 January...... 23,370 r ,rss +,+ss 2.r8 I 2.5r I 42,760 7 3.88 72 5.4r 1 .53 F'ebruary...... 3,310 ,667 3.73 J i I March.. 44,340 2,640 8,442 4.10 4.73 84 5.66 :93 \ l Ap"il... 16 ,830 2,825 I 5 ,520 2.68 2.99 83 3.62 .63 May.... 4,130 1 ,040 | ,767 .859 .990 79 t.25 .26 ,L t 5.77 June. . . 10,470 s35 | 3,322 1 .61 1 .80 -ot July...... 7 ,2t0 740 I 2,0rs .981 1.13 38 3.00 1 .87 August. 2,045 575 i e58 .466 .537 15 3.47 2.93 September...... 12,210 575 | ,75e .IJDD .954 33 2.93 1 .98 I t1 October...... 2,460 505 715 .347 .400 1 .95 r.oo ,440 i 0.89 November...... J'O | 4e8 .242 .270 23 1.16 December...... 697 472 570 .319 23 1 .36 1.04

The year...... 44,340 44O I 3,r44 ; 20.51 49 41.94 2t.43

1904. January. 5 ,785 505 I 1,186 .576 .664 28 2.34 1.68 February...... 7 ,587 74s 1 ,se4 .969 7.04 D+ 1.94 .90 | ot March.. 14,390 1 ,600 I 3,s23 1 .91 2.20 i.as .19 April.. . r3,720 1,074 I 3,032 L.47 1 .64 IL 2.3L .67 21 r,742 3,e04 1.90 2.r9 DI 3.81 t.62 May.... ,100 1 June. . . 15,900 s25 | 3,232 7.57 1.75 32 5.40 3. 65 Jttly.. . . I ,670 M0 | 742 .361 .416 11 3.96 3.54 August. 1 ,086 3e2 ], 627 .305 .352 15 2.38 1.98 September...... 453 352 1 3e1 .190 .212 L4 1 .50 t.2g October.. 353 325 I 336 .163 .188 41 . 4t) .27 November...... 472 $6 I 882 .186 .208 19 1 .07 .86 December...... 455 380 I 473 .230 .265 11 2.38 2.L2

The year...... zt ,too 325 I 1,685 ,819 17.72 5t 29.89 18.77 118 I{YDIiOGRAPHY ON' YIRGINIA.

Estimated monthlg discharge.of James Riaer at Buchanan, Va._Con.

l{aximum. Minimum,

1905.

aJa,nuary.. . . . 5 ,352 533 I 1 ,r54 . ool .647 February.....: 3 ,r32 428 1 .012 .492 .512 March...... 25,370) 2,r09 1 5,488 2.67 3.08 April...... 3 ,857 835 I I ,619 .787 .878 NIay...... r7 ,380 723 | 3 ,898 I .89 2.18 June...... 8 ,048 599 | 1 ,720 .836 .933 JuIy...... 42,8601 1.167 I 5,3e3 2.62 3.02 August...... 1 ,572 607 I I ,006 .489 .564 September.. . . . 2 .207 369 b/l .326 .364 October...... 655 I Bs2 +lo .23r .266 November.. . . . 505 i 440 444 l)ecember......

The year... 352 | 2 .r27 olce conditions during'ing part of January, 1)0b.110b. No correciion madeiu estimate-c-

NortTH (or. .rauns) RrvER, NE:\R Gr_ASGow, vA.

This river rises on the r,r'estern slope of the shenandoah Mo'n- tains and flows in a soltheasterly direciion across the valle,v between the Shenando,ah and Blujr Ridge ranges, emptying into James River about 17 miles so'th of Lexington, fa.' rts araiiage basin is large- ly under eultivation except itr the upper part, wheri it is mountain- olrs and covered with forest Erowth. The gaging station _ *u. August 27, 7ggb, by C. C. Babb, "-'.tubli.hed assisted by D. !. Humphreys. It is locaiea ifr* county b'idge, th'ee-forrrths of a +'rorn the post-office at Glasgo*"t tu., and one nrile ahore "ile tJre rno'th of North'Rirr.". rh" o"ifrrui gug" v_as oj the l'ire ,-tp":__ On July ZZ, 7g0g, a vertical ,,u, placercl in position. 'rhis "od'gug. consist, of u 2 x 6 ineh rod nailed to a 3 x 6 inch oak timber, which.is s.'k to a firrn foundation and secure- lv nailed and braced to.an overhanging tree on the right bank berou, This gage is estabtishei oi tt* same datum as the origi_ :|1nal !:19i":\r'lre gage anrl rvas rend from the bridge. On November 24, 1903, a standard chain gage was established on the lorver side of JA}'IES BIVER DRAINAGE BASIN, 119 the bridge in the right span. Its datum is the same as that of the $rite grrge ancl rocl gage which it replaces. The length of the chairL frorn the marke.r to the end of the r,veight is 28.00 feet. Brmch mark No. 1 is a standard copper plug set in the downstream end of the capstone of the right abutmenL It is inclosed in a ring of white paint and is marked by the letters "8. M. U. S. G. S. Ilvdro." Its elevation is 23.89 feet above gage datum. Bench mark l{o. 2 is the upper surface of the upper chord over the pulley o the chain gage. Its elevation is 32.29 feet above gage datum. Discharge measurements are made from the lower side of the bridge to which the gage is attached. The initial point for soundings is the center of the en.l lrin c,f the <'iownstream truss on the left bank. Originallv rneasurements were made frorn the sidewalk on the upstream side of the blidge. Beginning r,?ith 1902, measurernents were, made froln tlte lower side of the bridgg owing to the removal of the sidewalk. The section of this side of tlre bridge is not as favorable for accurate measurements as that on the upper side, as it is.obstructed by sunken logs and by the bridge piers. 'Ihe ehanne is straight for 600 feet abovo and below the station and has a v'iilth of 240 fee! broken by two iron piers. Both banks are high, fringed with trees, and not liable to overflow except at very high water. The bed of the stream is roeky near the rig'ht bank, and is composed of rocl

~~Discharge measurements ol North (of James) R'iter near Glasgow, Va.~~

~~Hydrogrspher 1""., | ** l-"*" | section. heisht. charse ]velocitv I I ",~~

~~1895. 8q, feet. Ft. pt sec. Su.-f eel~~

~~August 24. D. C. Humphreys.. . . 1tq l.oo .s3 201~~

~~r896.~~

~~I ,080 2.76 3.80 2 ,975 May 16. 672 . /D 1.88 504 631 .96 1 .70 603 July9..... I ,818 D.JI /.56 10,140~~

Jv,ly 24.. . . 623 r.02 1.75 634 September 8..... R. E. Ilutton...... 566 .45 1.40 257 December 17.. . . ] D. C. Hunphreys.. 698 .69 l .80 480 NOTE.-Mosurments 1895 to 1901, made from upper side of bridge. 120 rrtiDRocRApuy ox, \rlRcrNrA.

~~Discharge measurements ol North (of James) Rhter near Glasgou, Va.-Con.~~

~~i Gaee Hydrographa. I Mean Dis- Jr**:ecrron. velocity. height chuge. |~~

~~Sc. led. Ft. pa su. Yeet. &c.-lea~~

~~D, C. Humphreys...... 705 1 .91 546 F. IL Anschutz:...... 627 .50 1.25 310 D. C. Humphreys...... al)/ .37 r.t7 208 ...do... s2 2.42 r.30 223~~

~~1 ,564 4.04 6.00 6,316 638 .68 1.60 436 I ,095 2.63 o. 2,889~~

~~D, C. Hum phreys...... 1 ,010 2.01 2.82 2,039 .do.. 544 .42 .95 227 D,b6 .39 .92 218~~

~~841 1.47 2.t8 1,224 652 ot t.45 600 5r6 .48 .7r 252 566 .70 1.08 398~~

~~1 ,295 3.35 4.25 4,342 963 2.10 2.74 2,028 I ,502 4.74 5.t4 7 ,t2l~~

~~D. C. I{umphreys...... 795 1.14 907 . . . .do.. 593 0.34 20r ...,do.. 504 0.26 132~~

~~B. S. Drane. Dl:) 0.68 0.86 394 E. C. Murphy. 804 I .39 1.88 1 ,118 Paul and Sawyer.. 727 1 .86 2.00 1 ,355 W. C. Sawyer. 432 0.63 0.64 274~~

~~ond beginning 1e02 made rrom rover eidc "r*Hms*ff*r'i-drl-g'r?#"sll:ti**offiSi*:'t?";",0.. JAMES R,IVEIi DRAINAGE BASIN. tzL~~

~~Discharge Measurements ol North (of trames) Biuer near Glasgow, I/o.-Con.~~

~~Area of Mean Gase Hydrographen secuon, velocity l- heic-ht~~

~~1904. 8c feet. FL M seL Fetl Sec -tad. 648 1.13 525 June14...... F. H. Brundag" I 081~~

~~September 19... . 504 0.34 0.45 170 September 30.... 512 0.35 0.49 179 October 19...... 506 0.31 0.46 r57~~

~~A. H. Horton.. 828 1 .61 1 .96 1,329 N. C. Grover.. ODJ 1.28 1 .36 844 ....do. 724 I .49 1.69 1 ,080~~

~~Dailg goge height, in feet, ol North,(oJ James)iRiuu n r Glasgou, I/c.-Con.~~

Day. |,lun. I neu. I Mar. I Apr I May. Juue, I July. Aug. Sept, Oct. Nov. Dec. 18e5. | | I ,...... t. .'..t...... t..."1 .8 .81 1.0.5 1.0 I 2...... ".t'.. .i..'.'t'.. ..t ' .t "'.. .88 .8 .95 1.0 3..'...... '.'..t. t"' | | " I ' I .88 .83 .98 1.02 4...... 1....-..t..' "'t" .' t"""'t".'. .91 .98 1.0 5...... '.'t...... t...... t...... t...... t...... 91 .95 1.0 .93 .95 .96 7...... 1...... t...... t.,etttll .92 .78 .98 .94 ; ::::::l :::: :.::l::: :.1:::: q .8 1.03 .95 e...'...... t.. l::: l .92 .83 1.05 .95 |' |'l' "t' ot 100...... ' .1.'.....t.'.....t...... t...... t...'.. l' .87 1.05 .94 1...... '..'1... .l o .85 1.05 .95 I l. l. o .83 1.05 .95 t3o...."""""1""":ltltt 1" ""1 """1" ""1 ""' .9 .83 1.05 1.0 L4 .| .83 1.05 .90 : | I ""1| """1 | ""' o .8 l.08 o 'o....'..."""1"""'1"""'1" .88 .& 1.05 ot ,r...... "t9ttttl ..""t"".''1 """t" ""t" "' .86 l -uo .87 .....1...1 I .87 1.03 .9 8. I le...... t...... t...' .t...... t...'.'tl..I . .. t' .88 1.0 20. .85 1.0 .98 | I I | | I 7 21.'0.)1...... 1. ..'.1.. ..1.'.....1..... 1.. .. 1.0 .u 1.02 r. oo 22. ..1 .95 a .84 1.0 2.75 I I 23.)3'2...... 1...l .. ...'..1...... 1...'...1...... 1...... 1.. . I .9 .86 .98 1.86 14..'..'...... '1.. 1... l. 1.. ...1 .94 .82 .86 .96 1.65 25.r5...... ' .1.. .l . .81 .83 .6' .95 l. | I 26.|6...... '.1. t' .88 .89 1.0 1.6 1.. | | | 27.,7....'.... .l .91 .9 .88 1.07 2.0 I l.. l I ot 1.98 18. . l: .83 .6J t.r2 '....1. l.l...l | o 29 .96 .82 1.07 1.75 30i3 l l:::i:::l::l: .82 .82 .95 1.03 31 l.. .87 .va 122 llyDnocRAprry ox. vrRGrNrA.

~~Dailg gage height, in feet, ol North (ot' James) Rioer near Glasgow,I/o.-Con.~~

~~-{pr. I Mor July. Sept. I Oct.~~

2.5 1.8 1.9 r.o I r.ro r.421 5.031 1.59 4.13 2.05 1.5 1.8 1.36 I 3.35 1.38t 3.7 | 1.6 3.42 1 .85 3.5 1.8 1.32 | 2.24 1.412.911.6 ,.I r.76 1.5 | 1.9 1.46t 2.7 | t.6 r.72 ..1 2.33 | i.28 1 n I 1.76 r.38 12.6 | 4.75 LJO 4.2 1.68 2.76 I2.r2t l 23 1.4 | 1.54 1.35 12.4 t4.85 ;; 4. 15 r.63 2.6 I 1.971 1.23 3.22 | 1.62 1.381 2.3 | 3.35 ii; 4.35 r.62 2.4 | 1.861 1.24 t.t r.35 12.r5 12.9 2.2 r.4 t.62 2.37 r.84 12.2 8.45 | 1.44 1.331 2.081 2.65 2.15 1.3 3.85 1.6 4.45 | 1.3it r.3 12.0 12.42 2.tr 1.25 2.6 3.5 | 1.32 r.28t 1.96t 2.3 2.01 1.22 1.66 r.42 t.3 r.26 1r.9 ! 2.2r 1.94 2.4 3.4 1.35 2.78 I 1.5 r.9 | 2.22 I.2 4.4 r 58 I 2.02 2.5 1.96 2.4 1.88 | 2.11 I .9 1.18 4.0 2.25 I,OD 2.26 | 2.0 r.82 I 2 02 1 .9 1.15 1.94 1.82 3.05 2.85 | 1.5 2.2 | r.72 1.82 | 2.05 1 .84 7.12 4.93 2.52 ... 1.0 t1.8 t2.01 I .8 |.12 2.25 3.65 1.9 ID 2.0 | r.72 r.0 | t.75t 2.02 1 .8 1. 15 2.24 L' 1.82 | 1.0 1.0 I 1,711 2.0 .78 1. 19 2.t4 5.25 2.08 | 1.96 r.75 | r.52 .98t 1.7 | 2.01 t.t7 2.05 40 20.1. . r.72 t.48 1.711 1.95 .7 I | 951 1.12 1 .95 3.12 I 1.8 r.74 | 1.46 1.65 | 1.4 95 I 1.68 .7 1.9 82 | 2.08 2 .25 | 2.37 96 | 1.7 N 4.95 1.86 6l I 1.47 1.83 | 1.54 .9 | 1.7 .6 3.76 1.8 2 .. r.47 2.25 8 1 6 | r.8 | I | 1.631 1.67 t6 2.88 l, /o 2.77 t. 1.75 61 | 2.26 r.67 I 1.82 93 | 1.67 1.... .to 2.42 t.7 59 | 2.58 1.6 | 1.7 91 | 1.6 .DO 2.2 1.5 | 1.6 I I 1.63 .6 2.0 1.9 1.61 | I 74 1.5 11.5 4.04 | 1.63 .6 1.9 1.6 t.... 16.09t r.62t 5.6 1.8 1.9 | r.42 50

~~1897.~~

1...... 1.7 .do 2.22 I 78 1.85 1 .35 r.08 | 1.4 t.4 2...... 1.74 .68 2.21 o 8 1.78 2.65 2 .14 r.05 | 1.65 1.42 1.76 .58 2.22 4 7 r. /o 1.95 2 .1 1.05 | 1.6 1.38 4...... _DC 1.8 .5 2.27 DZ 1.75 o1.88 11 .l 1.02 | 1.5 1.41 '1 5...... 6 192 .46 2.38 U' 1.85 1.8 az .08 7.02 r.4l 1.6 1r, | o...... 4.7 2.58 2 /o 1 .05 1.03 I 1.3 1.8 7...... 65 6.05 .4 z. ao 2 o6 t.87 1.66 1 .08 1.03 I 1.2 1.75 8...... 6 4.86 .42 2.5 2 4 l.x5 1.6 18 1 .07 r.02 | t.4r 1.68 9...... 4.5 2 .4 2.52 1.8 tbz 18 I .uc 1.02 | r.25 1.6 10...... oo ,3.62 2 .48 2.62 2 2 L. to t.45 lo 1 .0 1.0 | 1.23 1.52 11...... 6 3.51 2 .48 2 1.7 1.38 18 1 .0 1.1 | 1.2 1.5 12...... 6 3.32 2 .58 2.52 2 22 1.63 1.3 15 1.2 I r.18 1.45 13...... 58 . 4.4 .0 2.38 7 ::: .05 1.18 | 1.18 1.45 14...... 58 4.05 2.3 7 3 r.ot 1.2 17 7 .1 1.56 ; t tD.. _..... _ oo 3.81 26 2.27 42 r.72 t.2 I 08 1.2 2.62 16...... 52 4.0 7 2.25 : 1.66 1. 18 2 I I' 1. 18 2.65 17...... 53 3.9 27 2.14 2 L67 |.12 2 I 08 1.2 1.2 2.15 18...... 55 3.5 33 2.08 2 93 1 .66 1.4 16 1 1 1. 18 1. 15 2.O 19...... 3.4 2.0 2 77 1.3 1 1 1 t.2 l.2l 1.85 20...... 3.4 ; 72 2.0 2 OD 1.3 1 I 05 1.2 1.15 1.7 2t...... 7 46 1.9 2 1.35 08 I 08 1.2 1. 16 1.65 :. 1a 22...... I tt 2 1 .88 2 35 I I 1.25 1. 15 1.8

~~olnierpolated July 4, to 14. 1897 JAMES R,IVER DR,AINAGE BASIN. t23~~

~~Daily gage height, in feet, ol North (of James) Riaer near Glasgow, Ta.-Con.~~

~~Jan. Ieb. i{ar. .Iuly Aug' Sept. Nor'. Dec.~~

23.... 2.02 7.72 3.0 1 88 b2 t. 14 .2 lo t.75 24.... 1.98 oto 3.0 1.87 2.23 6 1.4 .18 2 1.9 2.9 l 86 2.2 0 .2 1.68 26.... 1.85 3.36 2.7 r.86 2.1 1.3 .2 lo Lto 27.... r.75 3. 15 2.6 1.8 2.02 15 1.42 .18 2 1.8 28.... 1.7 2.95 2.54 t. 10 2.0 4 .22 2 1.8 to 1.6 2.42 t. /o 1.95 4 ,IO 4 t. /o 30.... 1.6 2.31 r.75 38 .25 42 1.68 31.... 1.65 .28 1.6

2.0 I 1.55 3.09 2.0 | 2.0 1.45 1.86 2 6 I 1.55i 3.04 r.9 | 1.9 1.45 1.32 75 1 1.85 ]|2.92 r.88 | 1.8 1 .46 r.72 1.5 7 | 1.65 12.75 r.88 | 1.76 1.45 r.82 t.D 7 | r.15 12.7 1.89 1 1.68 4.3 6.... 7 | 1.75t 2.(t8 5.9 | 1.65 It 7.... 651 1.8 | 2.55 5.88 | r.62 1.4 2.9 8.... 1.6 611.8 12.45 4.5 | 1.58 t.4 2.5 9.... l.D 5 | 1.82 12.4 3.9 | 1.6 r.4 2.3 10.... 1 .85 5 | 1.811 2.35 3.8 I 1.69 1.35 2.r 11. .. 2.15 1.511.812.35 3.3 I 1 .62 r.32 8.951 1.081 1.48 2.r5 LOA 1.451 1.811 2.35 3. 1 1.63 |.32 4.45 11.04 ll.ti 2 13.... ID 1.551 1.831 2.35 2.77 | 1.8 1.33 3.4 11.0 1.5 93 14.... 1.4 1.151 1.851 2.75 2.6 | r.92 1 .35 3.0 l1.o 11.4 7 15.... LCC 1.5 | 1.891 4.48 2 48 | 1.95 l.s 2.8 I 1.051 1.4 62 16.... 3.6 1.3 I 1.82 I 4.1 2.38 | 2.0 1.35 2.4 i r.0 | 1.4 62 17.... 2 | 1.86 3:75 2.32 ) 2.05 L60 2.251 r.o | 1.4 r.72 18.... .l 252 351 1.951 3.15 2.21 | 2.O5 3.0 2.151 1.021 1.38 19... 3 5 12.0 130 2.r | 24 2.5 2.0 11.0 15.8 l.oo 20.... 15 5 I 1.951 2.85 2 .01 | 2.55 2.t5 1.9 | .95 3.65 t.t> 21.... 711.812.65 1.9 t.7 .98 130 4 I | 1.75 12.32 2.55 2.0 1.7 1.641 1.0 | 10 1 .68 45 I | 1.75 12.3 2.85 | 1.9 2.52 r.521 30 | 56 3.05 42 75 12.14\ 2.25 2.77 ]|78 1.9 1.711.913.9 3.4 25.... 0 75 12.85 12.28 3.1 | 1.7 1.9 r.5 | 1.481 3.6 8 26.... 712.8 12.25 2.7 | 1.65 1.9 1.48 | 1.3 2.95 6 27.. .. 65 12.58 12.25 2.9 ) 1.6 1.9 r.4sl r.251 2.r3 42 28.... 45 55 125 | 2.12 2.55 i i .6 2.0 r.42 1r.2 | 2.5 3 29.... 2.08 | 2.1 2.32 | 1.58 2.0 12 30.... 4.85 I 2.05 2 .25 | r.5 1.8 02 31.... 2.1 2.1 1.6 0

2.05 1.8 6 1.42 38 ,9 .72 .85 95 ..1 z.r t.42 48 ,8 .82 I t.D lo 2.0 1.8 JO 1.43 4 .82 .82 85 1.35 78 2.3 2 1.42 1,3 .8 ,lo .82 85 1.25 2.52 a2.8 lo 1.42 1..25 .8 ,8 do 1.2 76 6.. 4.01 1 1.48 l.2l .78 85 1.1 78 '7.. 7.0 IO 1 1.52 1. 15 .8 .9 .71 84 1.05 8.. o5.38 8 8 7.62 1.12 .8 8 .7 6a 1.0 78 9.. 3.75 t DD 3.75 1.1 .8 1.1 98 .95 78 10.. 42 2.85 1.1 It 1.0 I .93

~~alnterporated. L24 HYDR,ocRAPTTY ox' vrRcrNrA.~~

~~Doily gage height, in feet, ol North (of James) Riaer neor Glasgow, /o.-Con.~~

~~Day. Jan. !'eb. Mar. Apr.lMay.lJunalJulr. Aug.lSept.lOct, Nov. I Dec,~~

r899. 11...... 2.95 2.28 2.35 2.45 1 _08 .88 .72 .9 .85 .92 .73 12...... 2.6 a2.27 1.85 1.3 .8 1.0 .82 ot t.25 13...... 2.26 2.22 2.3 t.4 .8 .95 .8 .92 14...... 2.45 2.12 2.25 1.3 .8 .77 .9 .84 1.60 15...... 2.38 2.! 2.t5 r.2 .8 1.92 .8 .7 .8 l.o 16...... , 2.35 2.26 2.0 2.0 t.2 .8 1.1 .75 .65 .8 t.42 17...... 2.28 1.94 1.9 1.18 .8 .88 .68 .83 1.25 18...... 2.25 2.45 1.9 1.8 1.1 .8 .8 .72 .68 .8 12 t9...... 2.2 1.82 1.8 t.02 .lo .72 .72 .7 .DO 12 2.1 3.3 1.8 7.62 1.0 .72 2.62 .7 .8 08 2.05 4.8 1.58 .95 .72 t.32 .72 .79 UO 2.02 6.85 r. oo .92 .72 .7 t.22 .7 .78 0 2.0 5.45 1.68 7.52 o .7 .7 llt .73 .78 1 1.9 5.35 I-D' 1.46 o .7 .63 1.0 t2 2.0 o. I5 r.62 1.38 .vo .7r .62 1.0 .72 2.05 r.65 1.3 t.0 .72 .62 .98 .72 .72 3 2.0 ;i; |.62 t.28 .90 al.0 1.1 .72 .7 1.1 2.0 1.6 1.25 .95 1.62 1.08 .65 l-lo 1.95 1.53 1.22 1.0 .74 1.35 1.0 .7t .7 t.2 1.9 1.48 1.48 07 1.02 .98 7 .lo |.21 1.60 ...... 1.46 .72 .92 .85 1.0

~~.98 1.2 6.35 2.04 1.4 1.3 1.25 .78 .41 .95 .9 1.6~~

.92 r.05 4.1 1.98 r.4 1.3 1 .15 _ /o .4 .6 .85 .s2 1.2 3.75 87 r.4 1.4 1.12 .7 .4 .oD .9 1.4ti .95 25 25 82 1.35 1.3 1.1 .68 .41 .53 .95 a2.89 t, .92 4 I 72 r.32 1.1 1.1 .6 .4 .92 .9 4 65 oo 1.3 1.0 1.05 .DD .4 .9 3.85 .9 t I.6 |.22 1.0 1.0 .52 ,4 .86 3.45 .89 2.2 3 62 1.2 1.0 .96 .51 .38 .85 3.1 .9 2.0 28 o 1.2 1.0 .9 .al .86 2.0 .9 1.9 45 1.2 1.0 .88 .5 .85 7 .98 r.78 t 45 1. 15 .96 .85 .5 .5C 58 .45 r.62 06 42 1.1 1.0 .8 .5 .82 o.D 95 1.1 2.0 -to .8 4 .62 4.45 It 1.1 7.45 .48 .8 .45 3.25 loo 1.0 t.4 .72 .48 .78 28 .35 2.85 1.85 28 1.0 4.4 .7 .o .8 2 .35 2.4 2.03 25 1.0 4.0 .7 .43 .78 1.1 .36 a2.2 1.9 .95 4.2 .72 .6 .4 .8 1.08 2.0 1.9 6 2.52 .7 .48 .48 UA .02 |.92 4.45 2.52 1.48 2.6 .lD .48 .4 .46 .7 02 .35 o.o a2.0 1.45 2.3 95 _€ .to 0 .21 6.4 6C 1.45 1.35 1.95 1.3 D .oz .46 0 4.8 3.0 1.25 I lu t.c .48 .64 .lc .76 0 2.15 3.45 82 z.65 1.28 1.5 1.1 .48 .6 .6 0 95 2.95 72 2.35 1.45 .60 .5 .6 to .78 .98 2.8 2.15 2.O 1.4 t lo .6 45 6.35 .98 6 2.6 2.15 1.65 1.35 1.3 .52 .6 2 4.1 .95 t 2.35 38 2.r l_D 1.25 1.05 .5' .52 I.IO 2.9 .95 2.28 2.0 1.52 1.22 .95 t.0 .93 1.35 2.2 r.75 1.4 1.18 .88 .48 1.25 .95 1.84 93 1 .45 2.t2 1.3 .88 .45 .9

~~alntopomted. JAMES RIVDR DR,AINAGE BASIN. L25~~

~~Dailygageheiglrt,inlJeet,of North(of James)RiaernearGlasgow,Va.,lor18g8.-Con.~~

~~Nov. I Dec.~~

.93 1.1 | .81 r.68 2.0 | 2.25 I 2.4 | 1.05 I 3.35 r.75t .E3t .8 .9 r.12 I .E 1.6 1.9 I 2.15 I 2.0 I t.0 I 2.05 1.6 | .821 .78 .88 1.1 I .8 5.8 | 1.8 | 2.1 2.0 | r.o2 | 2.3 1.481 .8 | .82 .85 r.08 | .8 3.9 | 1.7 2.0 2.05 I r.0 | 2.0 1.4t.811.6 .83 1.06 I .9 3.551 l.o I 1.e I l.e I .ssl r.6s r.351 .82[ 1.5 .8 r.05 | .9 3.2 | 1.55 1.55 I 1.8 I 5.5 | 1.62 3t.8t1.4 ,8 1.08 ] 8 2.9 | 1.5 | 2.45 l.?5 | 5.5 | 1.5 251 .781 1.15 .8 1.08 I .8 2.85 1r.5 I2.65 1l d Igoslr.+z 2l.8i1.0 .8 1.05 L8 2.5 | 1.651 2.251 1.5 i 2.351 1.35 181 .8 I 1.0 1.8 r.05 I 1.0 2.25 I r.75 | 2.1 ll.35 ll.e i1.25 1.151 .751 1.35 r.8 1.04 I 5.5 2.0 | 3.5 I t.E5 l t.3 | 1.55 1r.25 1.1 i .7 | 1.75 az-lo 98 | 5.4 r.9 | 2.35 | 2.05 | 1.25 I 1.7 r.25 1.05 .72 | r.35 96 | 3.9 r.8 | 2.15I 1.75i r.25 25 | r.2 1.051 .761 1.4 2.9 95 | 3.5 2.6 | 1.s5 12.%11.68 12.65 1 1.2 1.0 I :78 1a6.35 2.35 94 | 3.1 5.5 | 1.9 L 4.25 2.45 I 4.r I t.2 1.0 | .8 111.3 .s2 | 2.75 4.0 I 1.85 ls.s Lz.o l+.0 lr.r 951 .781 5.3 96 .9r i 2.5 3.751 r.8 | 4.9 I 2 6 I 3.351 r.3 .9 I .781 3.3 62 s2 I 2.4 3.25I 1.76I 4.0 225I 335| 125 I | .8 i2.3 92 2.3 3.25 | 1.0 | 3.4 1.8 | 2.9 | 1.25 .88 1 .75 12.3 9 I 2.16 4.6 11.6 13.85 1 1.8 12.55 11.22 85 I .73 12.1 45 913.0 8o I r.52| 2.6 | lzb1 ztsl t.z 82 | .75 r.7 4 88 I 2.6 5.75 12.3 | 2.0 | r.65 1 1.s8 1 1.2 8 | .73 1.7 3 85 l 2.2 4.4 I8.0 12.4 I t4sl175J t.B 82i .73 11.7 .8 12.0 3.351 4.6 J 2.351 1.4 I r75 1.25 82 1.2 1.85 22 .8 | 1.9 2.32 | 4.r 2.0 | 1.3 1.8 |.2 85 1.r I 1.6 2 8 I 1.83 2.221a4.26 I J.851 1.251 1.9 I 1.18 88 I 1.0 I. 1.7 l8 .8 14.5 2.2 | 4.12 2.7 1t.2 12.r5 1.28 85 .9 13.6 i5 8 132 2.2 I 3.15 2.4 I 115 I 2.3 I 1.5 82 .85 | 2.6 12 2.18J 2.951 2.1 I t.J I 1.9 I 1.9 831 .8 113.8 I 2.0 2.1 2.6 2.6 J 1.08 | 1.8 I 1.S5 85 1 8 |7.4 1 1.8 2.5 85 l...... 1 5.8

1.... .2 3.0 9.0 12.85 4 1.0 1.05 0.65 0.6 I 2.... .6 2.7 4.85 I 2.55 35 1.0 l. 15 b1.0 .Dl .6 .oc 2 3 .3 2.7 4.16 | 2.2 5 .98 .95 1.0 .5 o.o .7 4 4.... 2 .65 2.6 3.6 | 2 1 5 .98 .85 .95 .51 a.65 .7 8 t.. 2 .DO 2.45 3.45 | 2.0 48 .95 .82 .95 ,Dl 7.r2 .oo .6.... 2 .45 2.25 30 |20 48 .95 ,9 1 .35 .oD ID 7.... .2 2.15 28 125 45 .9 .9 .95 .6 I 8.... 2 .1 2.0 2 .8 2.85 4F; .9 _6C .7 85 9.... 2 .0 1.85 3.85 3.75 t .9 .85 .52 .7 .72 8 10.... .9 r.oo 4.9 3.85 4 ,9 .78 .8 .7 .72 0 tl 82 1.6 4.0 13.5 35 .9 _lo .8 .7 .7 7 58 3.6 l33 3 1.0 lu .5 r.4 .7 13.... 65 4.0 t3.8 28 .72 .lo 10 .65 6 14.... 6 3.5 13.0 25 .1 .3 .7 .7 L0 .65 o lo.. _. co 3.15 I 2.35 r.lc .68 .7 tl .9 .65 0 16.... 45 ts.0 | 2.25 2 1.72 .65 .7 .85 .7 o 17.... 5 42 3.5 | 2.2 It 1.1 .DO .7 c ,8 1.1 c 18.... 45 o 3.0 l2.l |.t2 1.05 .62 .7 5 -lo 1.0 3.1 19.... 42 45 2.65 | 2.0 t.l 1.0 .62 5 .72 .95 2.0

~~olnterpolated. Dlntepolated August 2 to 19, 1902 inclusive. 126 EYDROcRAPTTY oF vrRGrNrA.~~

~~Daily gage height, in t'eet, of North (.ol James) Riaer near Glasgow, Ta.-Con.~~

~~Day. llay. I June. July'. Nov. Dec,~~

20.... .4 I .,1 15 .9 1.0 .b .61 7 I 2.2 21.. .. .45 2.3 4 .8 .95 .6 .5b o 62 85 2.0 22.... .5 2.1 do . /D .95 .58 5 52 58 8 2.0 .45 1.49 3 .7 .92 .58 .5 oo ot 8 1.85 21.... .48 25 .65 .s2 .al 58 8 l.lo 25.... .12 10.2 2 .6 1.9 .c6 56 55 8 1.{i 26.... .6 1 .55 1.15 .6 6 bz 8 1.6 .9 5.6 0 .5 Lla .6 .52 6 62 2 LA 28.... .1 8.6 I .48 1.1 ,b .51 o 72 8 1.45 29.... 6C .45 1.1 .62 .5 ID I 1.4 30.... .25 tc .4 1.1 .7 .5 56 8 1 1.+ 31.... 3.0 3 1.18 79 1.3

~~1903.~~

1.... 3 oo 3.85 3.5 1.8 1.02 I 2.4 1.1 2.0 /o 7 .0 2.... 3 o 3.45 2.09 l. /o 1.0 It .to 7 ,6 3.... 3 3.15 2.08 1.7 .9 1_4 7 ,6 4.. .. 2 5t 3.04 1 .65 .9 1.1 .78 7 .6 5.... 3.35 8 2.65 3.0 1.58 1.1 .85 1.05 I .6 6.... 3 2.15 2.75 ID 2.5 2.7 .9 1.0 85 .6 .7 .. .. 2.9 2.35 2.5 1 .45 4.1 2.0 .85 1.0 8 .65 8.... 2.12 z.5b 2.35 2.5 1.4 4.0 l.o .8 .9 r.15 .6 9.... 2.08 2.4 3.3 1.38 3.0 L4 .75 -dc 1.72 75 .6 10.... 1.9 2.2 3.3 2.9 1 .35 2.2 r.22 .lo .8 lo 72 .6 11.... 1.85 2.1 3.0 2.65 |.32 2.45 1.5 .72 /t t.L 72 .6 t2.... 3.3 3.3 zuu 1 .25 1 .45 .7 .7 .9 72 .6 13.... 1 .68 3.0 2.65 1.2 2.O 1.4 .7 .7 .85 72 14.... 1.65 2.65 2.75 6. OO 1 .18 1.9 2.0 .68 .oo ,8 .72 .7

lo... _ 1.6 2.5 2.65 3.5 1.16 1.7'o 1.72 .65 .6 .78 .72 .7 ltt.... 1 .55 3.5 3.25 1.15 7 _62 ID .8 .6 .?5 oa. 17.... 1.5 10.0 2.3 3.0 1. 15 1.55 1 .35 .95 5.0 to .72 .65 18.... I .45 2.2 1 .12 1.2 7.25 .do 3.5 1.0 .8 .65 19.... 2.1 2.5 1.1 1 .18 7.2 ,8 .88 .65 20.... 1.42 3.05 2.0 1.08 1.15 1 .15 .75 1 .65 .8 .65 2.1 2.8 2.4 1.06 |.12 1.1 .7 1.5 .8 .72 l.t 2.4 2.6 3.6 2.35 1.05 1.1 1.05 .65 7.25 .8 .7 1.0 2.2 2.45 2.1 02 1.3 .9 ,6 l.l .8 .7 .95 24... 2.0 2.4 6.4 2.05 02 1.12 .85 .6 1.0 .8 .8 o 1.95 4.25 2.0 0 l.t .85 .58 .95 .8 .6 .9 26.... 1.95 3.3 2.1 2 1.1 .8 .55 .9 .8 .6 .9 1.9 2.2 3.0 2.3 12 t 19 ,8 .oo .85 .le .6 .85 28.... 4.8 aot 2.75 1 .8 .72 .6 .85 29.. . . 4.0 2.0 2.0 05 ;; .7 ,5 .8 .7 .oo .85 30.... 6.O 1.9 1.03 2.5 .78 .7 .6 .60 31.... 3.0 4.2 t.02 .9 t.o .7 .9

1.. .9 1.85 1.55 1.95 2.95 1.0 .7 4 .c .6 2.. .9 2.05 l.cc z.lo 1.0 .65 40 .5 .6 '!.45 .9 1.95 1.45 3.45 1 .85 .7 D .35 .6 4.. 1.2 |.45 1 .35 2.95 1.8 .9 .6 1.0 lDo 1.4 1.3 2.15 1.05 .85 .6 6.. .9 1.65 1.4 1.95 .9 2.0 5 .45 .40 .6 7.. .6D 1.95 1 .35 1.25 1 .75 -50 1 .15 .15 .7 JAMES EIVER DR,AINAGI] BASIN. r27

~~Daily gageheight, in feet, ol North (.ol James) Riaer near Glaqow, tr/o.--Con.~~

~~I Dav Apr. !Iay. July. Aug.lSepi.lOct. Nov. I Dec.~~

~~1904.~~

8...... 1 .35 1.8 t.7 .u _9J .5 .*o 5 .7 9...... i .95 1 .85 1 ii .t .9 .5 .45 5, .oo 10...... 1 .95 1.95 145 .85 .9 .5 .4 5 .6 11...... 2.2 I to 1.85 1.4 1.85 1.9 .45 5 .b 12...... 2.05 1 .65 |.75 1 .35 1.0 l. to .5 .45 5 .6 13...... 1 .95 1 .55 7 1.3 .9 1.0 .5 .45 6 .6 14...... 1 .85 1 .45 D 1.15 .60 .95 .5 .45 7 .55 15...... c5 | 1.25 1 .75 1 .35 tc 1.15 .8 .9 .8 .45 .6 .o 10 ...... 85 I 1.3 1 .65 1 .2i' 55 I tD .7 .8 .05 .6 17...... 5 | 1.3 1.55 1.2 1 .45 _DO .7 _ao .4 .5 .5 18...... ri5 | 1.5 1.5 1.15 1 .35 .ot .7 .5 .45 5 .45 r9...... ri i 175 1.45 I ti) I 1.3 .7 .45 .45 DD .4 20...... 0 5.3 1 .35 1.15 3 1.15 .65 .7 .4 .45 .55 .5 ,7 1.65 6.0 1 .35 1 .05 4 1.05 .65 .7 .4 .45 .0 .5 22...... I I 7.5 1 .35 10 1 2.05 .7 lu .4 .qa .5 .5 23...... BR I7.2 L.35 .95 1.9 1 .45 .8 .85 .4 .5 .o 9L 2 .6 6.4 Llo .95 1.8 1.05 .8 .4 .4 .5 2.1 I 1.95 1.7 .95 1.7 1.0 .9 .7 .4 .45 .5 .6 26...... 1.85 | 1.7 tDo .95 1.7 1.0 .85 .7 .1 .40 .5 .6 1.65 1 55 1.6 2.t5 1.0 1.0 .6 .ts5 .45 .5 .8

~~28...... 158i 155 1.6 35 1.55 1 .35 .8 .oo .45 .5 .9 29...... 1.5 I 1.35 1 .15 2.9 1 .45 1.15 .5 .45 .45 8 30..... 1.6 1 .35 1.05 .5 + .40 .6 31...... lDa .7 5 .. .4 .6~~

~~1905.~~

.o .65 16 t1 .5' 1.1 1.4 10 .7 .35 .5 .o .o .9 2.25 r .35 .85 1.0 1.25 1.0 .4 .0 .d 2.45 l3 .85 1.0 1.2 .95 .85 .4 .5 1.2 .7 .8 2.1 1.3 .8 .95 1.1 .9 .8 .4 ,^ .7 .7 2.55 1.3 ,8 .9 7.2 .9 .8 .4 1.65 0...... 65 1.4 .8 .do !.2 .9 . tD .4 LO 7._.... t.7 .6 2.05 1.5 .8 .8 2.6 .9 .7 .4 .5 1.1 d...,.. t.o .7 2.25 1.25 .8 .8 2.5 .9 .7 .4 .5 1.0 q 1.1 .IO 2.8 t.2 lo 2.4 .9 .65 .4 .5 .9 10...... 1.1 .7 2.0 .85 .65 .4 .5 .8 11...... 9 3.9 1.05 lo .7 2.1 .8 .7 45 12... _.. 1.2 3.0 1.05 4.6 .7 .6 .5 ,lo 13...... 2.8 1.1 3.6 .7 7.8 .6 5 .7 '14...... 2.5 1.8 2.4 1.0 2.5 .65 4.8 .7 .6 5 .5 lo...... 2.0 1.0 2.15 .95 2.4 .65 3.6 .6 ,5 .7 16...... 9 2.1. 1.0 2.25 .6 2.75 .t .5 .5 .7 17...... 5 .85 2.O .90 2.O .6 2 .75 .9 .6 .5 .o .7 18...... 3 1 .25 1.8 1.0 1.9 .0 2.5 .9 .5 .5 .7 19...... 2 1.0 1.75 1.0 1 .85 .65 1.85 .9 .5 .5 _o .7 20...... 2 .8 1.6 1.0 1.8 .8 1.7 .9 .5 .5 .7 21...... 1 .8 1.8 1.0 loo 1.0 1.ti .9 .5 .5 .5 t.25 22...... 0 .75 3.8 1.0 1 1t .9 o 3.5 23...... 9 .8 2.4 .95 1 2.5 1.7 .8 z.o o .95 2.2 .95 1 0 1.6 .8 .45 o o 2.25 'L 25...... 85 r.o 2.1 .95 I lo o 2.0 2$...... 8 1.6 2.0 .9 I I 1.35 ID .5 .5 1.9 27...... 8 2.05 1.9 .9 1.2 7 1.25 .8 .6 _o 2.0 28...... 8 l.t .s 1.1 7 1.1 .8 .4 .o 2.7 29...... 8 175 .9 1.0 L0 1.0 ,4 .6 2.7 30...... 8 1.6 .60 1.0 1.6 1.05 .35 ,o o 2.2 .8 to Ll 1.0 .7 D 128 I{YDR,OGRAPIIY OX' VIRGINIA.

~~Rating table lor North (of James) B'iaer near Glasgou, va., lrom August Q1, 1B9i to De- cember 31,1896.~~

~~Fed. Seund,f eet. Feet. Secontl-f eet. Feet. Semd.-feet.~~

0.70 170 1 .80 Di)t, 3.80 2 ,980 6.00 7 ,r60 0.80 r80 I .90 620 4. 00 3 ,360 6.20 7 ,540 0.90 190 2.00 700 4rn 3 ,710 6.40 7 ,920 r.00 200 2.20 870 4.40 4,t20 6. 60 8,300 1.10 220 2.40 I ,050 4.60 4,500 6.80 8,680 L.20 250 2.60 I ,260 4.80 4,880 7 .00 I,060 1.30 250 2.80 I ,480 5.00 5 ,260 7.20 9,440 l 1.40 330 3 .00 1 ,720 5.20 5,640 7.40 i I,820 I l.ilu 370 3.20 2,000 5.40 6,020 7.60 i 10,200 r.60 420 3.40 2,300 5.60 6,400 7.80 10,700 I I 1.70 3.60 i 2,610 5.80 6,780 8.00 l *'jj I rr,2o0 I

~~The above iable is strictly applicable only for open channel conditiore. It is not well deffned.~~

~~Rating table lor North (of James) Rinter near Glasgow, va., lrom Januarg 1 to Decernber sl 1897.~~

~~Gage Height. Discharge~~

~~Feet. iSecond-feet. Fegt. Second-fed. Fed. Semd-fut. Fea. smd.led.~~

1.0 150 1.9 630 3.6 2 ,675 5.4 5,650 l.l 180 2-0 720 3.8 2 ,975 o.o 6,000 1.2 215 2.2 930 4.0 3 ,275 5.8 6 ,350 1.3 250 24 1 ,150 4.2 3 ,575 6.0 6,750 I. il 300 2.6 1 ,370 4.4 3 ,900 6.2 7 ,r50 l.J 350 2.8 I ,600 4oO 4,250 o.4 7 ,550 l.o 410 3.0 r ,850 4.8 4,600 6.6 7 ,950 1,7 +1, 3.2 2 ,lt} 5.0 4,950 6.8 8,350 1.8 540 3.4 2,390 5.2 5 ,300 7.0 I,750

~~The aborc table is stricily applicable onlv for open chomel mutlitioro. It is not well de6necl. JAMES BIVEB, DR,AINAGE BASIN. r29~~

~~Rating table lor North (of James) R'tanr near Glasgow, Ita., lrom January 1, 1898 to De- cembcr 51. 1899.~~

~~Gage |^ Height. Discharge. oi"t'*co I ":illi "ti-ff, I~~

~~Fed. Semd-feet" Feet- Secmd,-feot Feet. Socmd,-fed. Fed. Semd-feet.~~

0.60 roo 1.70 480 3.60 2,610 5.80 6,,020 0. 70 r70 1 .80 560 3 .80 2 ,890 6.00 6 ,400 0.80 180 1.90 640 4.00 3 ,190 6.50 7 ,420 0.90 190 2.00 730 4.20 3,490 7.00 8,540 1 .00 200 2.20 920 4.10 3 ,790 7 .50 I ,910 1 .10 210 2.40 | 4.60 4,090 8.00 11 . ,120 ,400 7.20 22tl 2.60 1 ,340 4.80 4,390 8.50 12 ,900 1 .30 250 2.80 I ,570 5.00 4,690 9.00 14 ,430 1 .40 290 3.00 1 ,810 5.20 5,0r0 10.00 17 ,430 1 .50 340 3.20 2 ,O70 5.40 5 ,330 i 1 .60 410 3.40 2 ,330 J.OU 5 ,660 ii

~~The above table is strictly applicable only for open channel conditions. Ii is not rvell defined.~~

~~Rating table lor North (of James) Ritser near Glasgow, Va., lrom Januory 1, to December 31,1900.~~

Fea. Semd-ted. Fed. Semd-fut. Feet. Secmd-f eet. {ed. Semd-fee,. . 0.30 200 t.20 450 2.80 : 1 ,990 4.40 4,190 0.40 2t0 1.40 580 3.00 2,240 4.60 4,490 0.50 ,tn 1 .60 72A 3.20 2 ,540 4.80 4,810 0.60 235 I .80 890 3.40 2 ,760 5.00 5 ,130 0. 70 250 2.00 I ,090 3.60 3 ,020 5 .50 6,010 0.80 280 2.20 1 ,300 3 .80 3,300 6.00 6,910 0.90 310 2.40 |,520 4.00 3 ,590 I .00 350 2.60 1 ,750 1.20 3 ,890

The above table is applicable only for opm channel conditions. It is based upon 4 di*harge measuemenis made during 1900, It is well defined betrveen gage heights.T feet and 2.2 {eet. 130 III1DR,OGR,AP}IY OF YIRGINIA.

~~Rating table lor North (ol Jarnes) Riaer .near Glasgow, Va., lrom January 1, to December s1, 1901.~~

~~Io**_*". i-. ,,H- *tffni. Dicchtrse. i utscnarge. _"g6, if I rd "14fl.~~

~~Feet. Secmd-feet. Feet. Second-feet. Feet. Second-feeL Fea. Secnd-feet.~~

0.70 250 1.90 990 4.20 1,452 7.50 11 ,145 0.80 280 2.00 I ,090 4.40 4,862 8.00 12 ,170 0.90 310 2.20 1 ,296 4.60 5,239 8.50 13 ,195 1.00 350 | ,525 11.80 5,628 9.00 t4,220 I .10 400 2.60 | ,795 5. 00 6 ,030 10.00 16 ,270 1rn 450 2.80 2,100 5.20 6,438 11 .00 18 ,320 r.30 510 3.00 2 ,425 5.40 6 ,846 r2.o0 20 ,370 r .40 580 3.20 2 ,757 5.60 7 ,251 13 .00 22,420 r.50 650 3. 40 3 ,092 5 .80 7 ,662 14.00 24,470 1.60 720 3.60 3 ,430 6.00 8 ,070 1.70 800 3.80 3 ,776 6.50 I ,095 I .80 890 4.00 4 ,130 7.00 10 ,120

~~The above table is strictly applicable only for open ehannel conditioro. Ii is not well defined,~~

~~(o)Rating table lor North (of Jomes) Ritser near Glosgow, Va., lrom January 1, to De- cember 31,1909.~~

~~Gage Discharga Gage Discharge. Gage Height. Eeighi. I IIeight.~~

~~F?et. Second-fed. Feet. Second,-fet. Feet, Semd-feet Fest. Semd-fut.~~

0.5 t25 2.0 I ,020 J.O 3 ,430 5.2 6 ,438 0.6 lD(, t, 1 ,260 3.8 3 ,770 D.4 6 ,846 0.8 200 r ,500 4.0 4,130 5.6 7 ,254 1.0 270 2.6 | ,770 1.2 4,490 5.8 7 ,662 380 2.8 2 ,050 4.4 4,860 6.0 8 ,070 1.4 500 3.0 2 ,350 {I.D 5 ,239 1.6 660 3.2 2,760 4.8 5,628 1.8 840 3.4 3,090 5.0 6,030

The abgve tBble iE Etrictly a,pplicable only for open channel mnditions. It is lairly well deffned bet*en gage heightl 6 fet *nd 2.0 feet. cAbove 6.0 feet this tsble is the mme m the 1901 table. JAMES II,IVER, DR,AINAGE BASIN. 131

~~, Rating table lor North (of James) Riaer near Glasgow, Va., lrom January 1 to December s1. 1903. t^ Gage Dischrrge. Dischuge. Heieht, "[ffi,i otffo",.~~

Fed, Swd-fed. Feet. Semd.teet. Feet Semd-fed,. Fed Seund-ted. 19 0.5 200 615 r.9 1 ,200 3.2 2,800 0.6 250 r.o 685 ,n | ,253 3.4 3,r10 0.7 300 r.4 760 tt 1 ,500 3.6 3 ,430 IR 0.8 355 840 | ,725 3.8 3,780 0.9 415 1.6 925 2.6 I ,970 4.0 4,150 1a 1.0 480 1 ,015 2.8 2,230 1.1 o*o r.6 1 ,105 3.0 2,505

The table gage - abore is strictly applieble only for open channel conditions It is fairly well defined betwmn heightr ,6 fret md 2,0 feet. Above gage height 4.00 feet the rating curve is a tangeat, the difrerence being 200 per tenth,

Rating table for North (of James) Riaer near Glasgow, Va.,from Januarg 1 to December. 31,1904. t^ Htffin", Dischuse,l Dischalse. Diseharge. Dischree "tm ! "9Atl "ttrfr. -i,,"-T'^i-;1 ,-;" tl 1'*"t^ '* l;;; [ '* l*^,-t* 0.35 125 1 1.10i 510 I 2.00 1 r,240 l a.ao] 3,e20 0.40 i r42 il 1.20 | 580 il 2 20I r,450 li +.oo I e,zzo 0.45 160 I 1.30 I 650 i 2.40 1,680 ll 4.20 | 4,740 0.50 17e ll 1.40 1 720 ll 2.60 I 1,e40 ll 4.40 1 5,130 0.60 1 220'l 1.50 1 800 li 2.80 1 2,220 11 4.60 1 5,640 0.70 I 265 1.60 | 880 I 3.00 I 2,520 ll 4.80 | 6,120 0.80 320 il 1.70 I e70 I 3.20 I 2,840 ll r.OOl 0,OzO 0. 90 1 380 il 1 .80 I 1 ,060 11 3.40 I 3 ,180 1.00 I M0 | 1.90 I r,r50 | 3.60 1 3,540

The sbove table is sbietly applimble only for opea chamel coaditioas. It is bsed uDoD 6 di*barss maswmeatr ude during 1903 and 1904. It is well defined betwen gase heigbts 0.,15 feet and 2.00fet t32 IIYDR,OGRAPIIY OF VIRGINIA.

~~Rating table lor North (of James) Riaer near Glasgow, Va., lrom January 1, to December 31, 1905.~~

~~Gage Height.~~

~~Fat Semd.-feet, Fed. Second-led,. L'eet. Second-feet. Fea. Secmd-feet.~~

0.30 lbD o/c 2.20 r,620 1.00 4 ,530 0.40 205 /DO 2.40 I ,860 4.20 4,950 0. 50 250 1.40 840 2.60 2,I20 4.40 5,390 0. 60 300 925 2.80 2 ,410 4.60 5 ,850 0.70 350 1.60 i 1,015 3.00 2,720 4.80 6 ,330 0 .80 405 1.7o ) 1,105 3.20 3 ,050 5.00 6,830 0.90 40D 1 .80 | ,200 3.40 3 ,390 r.00 530 1.90 I 1,300 3.60 3 ,750 1 .10 600 2.00 1 ,400 3.80 4,130

~~Tbe.above table is strictly applieable only for open ohannel conditiom It is ha*tl rrpon 3 diseharse measureuent I m&de dunng llrub and on ihe direetion of the eurve of 1904, It is not well defined.~~

~~Estimated monthlg ilischarge ol North (of Jamis) Rh:er near Glasgou, Va (Drainage arpa,831 square mile.)~~

~~Dischnrge in eecond- fet,~~

~~i;[* 1,,-~~

~~o1895.~~

~~oDischarge interpolated on days when gage was not read, 1895. bPrecipitation for complete month August, 18g5. . JAMES R,IVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 133~~

~~Esti:rnated. monthlg ilischarge of North (.of James) Riaer near Glasglou,I/a.-Con.~~

~~llischarge in second-feet.- I ll,un-ofT. t- t"- ret ,{onrh. ilr.. Depih ] renf. llil**'-n.lMaximum. Minimum. i llean. lnior l 1 o"r. ; inches. ] preciti- iamon, llil"'*"1 I o1896.~~

ti January...... l 5,262 1 220t, 701 I .85 .98 2 .86 1 .88 February. I 4.t2ol 370 1.653 1.99 91F K' 4.r7 2.02 March.. .l 8,490 1 420 I 1,889 12.28 2.63 5l 5. 18 2.55 1r, April.. . .l 5.830 I 550 1 .080 L30 1.45 1.19 -.26 370 I h704 .85 .98 32 3.10 2.12 r,260 | 250 480 I .58 .64 t.t 4.89 1.25 12 ,450 | 330 1 ,47O 1.77 2.04 33 6.22 4. 18 Augrist. .l 2,300 | 290 I 54r I .65 - tu 16 4.57 3.82 q September...... l 37 ,250 190 1 ,595 Lgz 1/ 32 6.70 4.56 October...... l 5,260 | 420 880 I 1.06 t.22 381 .32 -.90 November...... l 6,400 1 420 1,240 1.50 t.ol 32 5.27 3. 60 December...... l 3,550 | 370 797 \ .96 .t7 -.94

~~The year. 37 ,250~~

72ol 3boi 4s4l .5s i .os 35 1 .80 t.tl February (27 da. 10,450 i 475 3,181 3.83 I 3.99 73 5.48 1 .49 March (29 da.). . . 3,650 I 1,040 t,672i2.0r i 2.32 76 3.06 .74 April (29 da.). . 1.3701 507 8891r.07 i 1.19 87 r.37 .18 May (27 du.).. .. 9,4501 507 2,035 2.45 2.83 to 5. l4 2.3r June (27 da.)... 630 | 300 463 I .56 62 l9 3.22 2.60 |,425 | 180 362 .44 .51 74 3.68 3.17 350 | 180 I 222 .27 .31 1' 2.68 2:37 Septemb'r (29 da. 197 1 150 177 : .2L .23 32 .lo .50 2501 150i ts7t .24 28 11 2.60 2.32 442 | 180 245 i .29 , .32 t4 2.3r 1.99 r,4251 3001 52r' .63 j ,' 20 3.56 2.84 --t_-- -i---r___-li 10,450 I 150 866 I 1.05 i r3.s5 39135.62 2r.67 oDischarge inte4'olated on dals when gage rvas not read, 1896, except May 1 to 4, 1896. bMean for 27 daw May, 1896. cRun*ff and precipitation computed for full months, 1897. 134 IIYDROGRAPHY ON' YIRGINIA,

~~Estimateil monthly discharge ol North (of James) Ri,aer near Glasgow,I/a.-Con.~~

~~l Discharge in second-f eet. Run-ofr,~~

~~Month. Dflth Iluimum. rnches.~~

~~1898.~~

Jansary. 2,610 I j 2s0 Zt8 .86 .99 39 2.53 1 .54 February...... 730 2201 420).51 .53 80 .66 .13 g2O Mareh.. 4,468 1 sZs I.il 1.28 37 3. 418 2.20 April... B,s40 l tzs 1,487 r.7s 200 74 2.71 .lt May.... 6,210 I o+o t,7tr,2.06 2.38 48 4.92 2.54 June. . . .i 1 ,285 340 595 .72 .80 ,o 2.72 t.92 July.. 1,810 ] zso szr .oa .72 l6 4.41 3.69 August. 14.28074,280 06 Ausust. .l.\ I 25O280 , 1 ,716716 2.062 2.38 43 J.D4 3. 16 September'...... ,1,810] rg7 zo2 .30 .41 T2 3.34 2.93 October.. ...]17,880 I 220 1.,286 2.tE 2.48 28 8.70 8.22 November...... j 2,070 560 911 1.10 1.23 .69 December...... 3,640] 410 1,007 t.2t 1.39

~~Theyear...... j 12,880 tgz,, f ,008,1.21 16. 59~~

~~1899.~~

January. 600 | ,477 t. J6 2.05 67 t.ui 1 .02 qaq oFebruary (26 da. 480 2 ,257 2.83 5. t3 2.30 'D March.. b3,200 .6C b4.44 70 6.36 r.92 April.. . 1 ,570 340 771 .93 1 .03 o4 1.60 -aI May...... 2,820 tn al I .69 18 4.24 June. . . 340 190 223 .30 I 3.44 3. l4 July.. . . 195 170 178 t1 .24 l0 2.40 2.76 August. 640 155 202 t9 o 4.49 'L September...... r ,340 170 231 .28 .31 o 3.58 3.27 October....:..... 200 r60 178 .21 ,L l0 2.34 2.LO

~~November...... 1 ,230 160 ,ro .28 . ol 42 .16 .42~~

~~December...... , 820 r75 240 .29 .33 18 1 .83 1.50~~

~~b814 b. 979 lb13 . 13~~

~~oRun+fr and pruipitation for 28 days. iAppro:imate. JAMES NIYER DRAINAGE BAST}T. 13C~~

~~Estimated, monthly d,ischarge ol North (of James) Rioer near Glasgow, Ta.-Con.~~

~~--T l- l- i l Depth u inches.~~

i ,eoo.llli January. 6 ,910 3f0 I 1 ,010 1.22 1.41 48 2.95 1.54 February. I z ,670 | B7s r,.8s4 )2.28 2.82 ol 4.55 2.27 March. . .1, 7 ,57o 760 2 ,098 2 .f2 2.91 s2 3. r7 .26 April.. . .1, 2 ,240 480 960 1.16 t.29 47 o al r.+o May... .j 1,630 I 330) 5e4 l .7r .82 o2 3.54 2.72 June... .J 4,1901 830 1,011 t.22 1.86 qA D.b/ 4.31 July.. . . 650 I 250 350 .42 .48 16 3 .08 2.60 August. .l 280 J 215 I 226 27 ) .31 2l r.46 l.lo September. . 1,520 200 275 .33 6t 8 4.39 4.02 October...... 1 3,0201 210 405 .49 .b6 l4 4.12 3.56 November...... 1 7 ,b70 | 250 I 762 .nt i 1.0s l 3.00 1.97 December 53 2.28 1 06 l_1lli "1__i1l '* ' 3_

~~z,6zoJ 2ooi soo : r.or 1 r+.os s+]+o.sslzo.or~~

: 3 ,602 280 751 .90 1.04', 4l 2.55 I.DI 400 280 339 I .4r .43 I 88 .49 .06 7 ,050 280 | ,757 ', 2.rt 2.44 62 3 .93 t.49 - 12,r70 720 3 ,124 \ 3.76 ) 4.20 59 7.08 2.88 t2 ,t70 650 1 .996 I 2.40 2.77 45 6.18 3 .41 t4,020 685 2,246 2.69 I 3.00 | 52 5.72 2.72 2,r00 400 847847 I t.02 r.ra1.r8 I ,r22 5 .36 4.18 ]r.o2 | I l 7,050 330 1,793i2.161.793 2.16 12.492.49 I 33 4. 98 3,008 450 724 I't .87rr .97.e7 ji 29 3.30 2.33 I 'n 845 280 395 .48 .55 92 .60 .05 450 250 28ei289 .35 I .re 1 27 1 .46 L.07 24,060 280 rrnoirno 4.50 *l 7.60 3. 10 ---l--- I i 24,060 1,418 r.7b ze.oo ou 51 .74 27 .78 I I I I 136 ,rryDRoeRAt,Etr or vrRcrNrA.

~~Estimated monthly discharge of North (of Jantes) Ritser near Glasgow, Ta.-Con~~

~~Precipitation.~~

~~Monih. Deptb In i Loss-. or ln tnctre, inches. incri'e* ]~~

~~1902.~~

~~6 ,438 500 1 ,666 2.00 2.31 .86 February..... 16 ,680 500 2,628 .t.lo 3.29 1.52 March...... t4,220 885 2 ,881 4.00 -.86 April...... 3 500 I 1 .83 2.04 ,860 ,519 -.+o M*y.. . . 580 297 419 .50 .D6 2.62~~

~~June. . . 1 ,320 235 340 .41 .46 2.69~~

Juiy.. . . 440 r37 194 .23 .27 1.91 August. 297 125 181 .22 .25 r .35 September...... 150 125 729 .15 .17 2.87 October...... 500 r25 210 .25 .29 3.25 November...... 7 ,260 324 .39 3.40 December...... 4,680 440 I ,140 r.37 1 .58 1.52

~~oos ] r. ro 15.68~~

10,650 o6i) 2 ,013 2.12 2.79 62 4.49 1.70 r6,150 1 ,395 3 ,076 3.70 3 .85 IL 5.46 1.61 8,950 | ,295 2 ,788 3.35 3.86 to D. l+ 1.28 3 ,515 I ,200 2 ,014 2.42 2.70 ta J.OJ .93 1,105 480 664 .80 .92 69 1.33 .41 4,350 +ol L,,'ll r.oo 1.84 2l a. /l 6.87 2J00 300 770 .93 r.07 27 4.02 2.95 1 ,845 200 395 .48 -oil l4 4.03 3.48 6 ,150 250 821 .99 1.10 32 3.48 2.38 1 ,060 300 413 .50 .58 24 2.38 I .80 415 225 308 -61 ..11 31 1 .33 ot 840 259 330 .40 .4() 34 1.36 .90

~~200 1 ,247 JAMES II,IVER, DIiAINAGT BASIN. 137~~

~~Estimateil. monthly ilischarge ol North (of James) Rioer near Glasgou,I'a.~~

~~1904.~~

~~January. 3 ,920 179 n+o 0.777 0.896 13 2.07 i r.r7 February...... 14,310 380 O~~

~~July.. . . I ,105 242 404 .486 .560 16 3.40 2:84 R1t August. 1 ,240 179 370 . +*D 20 2.52 : 2.01 September...... 320 t25 170 .205 .229 13 1.82 I 1.5e October.. 179 t25 158 .190 .219 36 .61 .39~~

November...... 265 742 183 .220 .245 21) 1.rOi .92 Deeember...... 380 142 222 .267 .308 nt z.sa I z.zs l I Theyear...... 14,310 t25 38 I iiljjljjl Estimated, monthly ilischarge ol North (of James) Rioer near Glasgow, Va

~~1905.~~

~~January. 3 ,050 300 /UD .848 .978 February. r,+oo 300 547 .658 .685 March. 7 ,870 925 I ,928 2.32 2. 68 April.. 925 435 596 . t tt .800~~

~~May.. . 5 ,850 378 I ,049 t.26 I .45 June. . 4,530 300 834 r.00 t.t2~~

July.. . 14,760 530 2,032 2.45 2.82 August. 530 350 4BI .5r9 .598 September. 465 l6D 294 .354 .395 October.. 350 185 240 .289 .333 November. 250 250 250 .301 .336 December.. 3 ,570 250 g4s 1. 14 I .3r IIYDR'OGRAPI{Y OX' VIRGINIA.

S R,IYER AT I{OLCOMB R,OCI{, VA. This station r,vas estabHshed by the Willson Aluminum CompanR of Holcomb Rock, Ya., in 1899, in connection with measurements to determine tlre hors+.power available at that point. During 18gg the records were fragmentary, but at the commencement of 1g.00 daily records were take,n, rvhich have been furnished to the United States Geological Survey through the courtesy of George O. Servard, general manager of the company. The gage consists of a copper floatr 8 x 8 x 8 inches, with avertical rcd. 17/2 inches square attached to it. The rod, which extends up through the power-house floor, is graduated to tenths of a foot. The copper float is enclosed in. a 12- irrch box which rests solidly on the bottom of the river. The box is perforated, so that the v'ater in it will always stand at the sa.me level as the rvater in the river, while the floa! being inclosed, is not in danger of being broken by floating timber. The fluctuations of the river are read directly from the rod, which moves up or down with the float as it responds to the variations in the heiEht of the river.

~~Duily gage hetght, i,n feet, ol James Rioer at Holcomb Rock, Va.~~

~~July~~

14 .7 I 1.9 I.D 1.0 .6 1.35 2.4 i.4 6t 1.8 1.7 1.0 .6 t 1.3 .5 7 1.At .95 .6 1 2.r5 .6 65 2.1 r_o .95 .65 I 4.6 1.1 8 1.8 1 .45 .95 .6 2 oe 1 .28 .0 1 1.7 t.4 i.05 .6 1.8 i.3 .5 3.85 1.7 1.4 .9 .6 .7 1.6 r25 .85 3.95 1.6 1.3 .9 .6 .lo I.4 128 3.85 1.0 .9 .o .7 1L ;,;; r.23 2 3.6 1.65 1.2 .8 .6 .9 1.3 1 .28 2 3.5 1.6 1. 15 .8 .6 .d 1.35 2.75 .3 3.3 1.4 r.lt .8 .6 .8 1 2.4it 10 2.58 .45 2.95 2.35 L.2 .85 .8 1 2.25 2.05 8 .6 2.8 1.1 .8 .3 .0 1 2.15 6 ,{o 2.6 2.05 1.1 .7 .0 1 2.0 2.03 4 .85 2.65 10 i.0 .55 .lD I 1.85 r.83 .l 2.6 6.1 .9 .9 .to t 1.8 1.7 3 .3 2.55 6.9 .9 .45 .3 1.05 1 7.7 JD 2 .8 2.6 o. tD .9 .4 .YO 1.0 1.1 1.6 9.85 2 .55 .9 .7 .6 1.0 1.1 1.6 9.3 2 .4 11.0 3.4 .9 ,*o 1.0 1.0 t.o 6.0 8 .1 8.0 .9 .6 -a 1.0 1.0 4.33 I .to 5.95 2.45 1.1 ./o -o 1.0 .YO 5 3.15 7 .05 4.9 2.4 1.1 .6 .7 I0.1 o 5 2.95 .w 4.45 2.3 1.35 .7 .ta o. co .9 5 2.5 .65 4.4 1.95 1.9 .7 .6 3.05 8.25 2.25 .9 4.15 1.8 1.6 .85 .6 2.35 13.0 2.0 .Dt 4.1 7.75 1.8 .6 2.0 7.3 6 1.9 4.1 1.7 1.6 .o 1.9 r.at 3.9 LDO 1.5 .o t.D 3.25 1.6 1 .35 6 r.o 5 JAMES RIYEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 139

~~Daily gage height. i,n feet, ol James Riuer at Holcomb Rock, Va.-Con.~~

~~Dav. Jan. Feb. NIar. I Apr !r&y. Oct. Nov. Dec,~~

1901. 1.6 2 2.85 014.6 12.9 1.4 o.o 2.2 1.0 1.0 1.6 2 2.65 8 | 3.75t 2.1 1.4 4.8 1.8 1.0 I.IO ot 2 8.6 55 13.5 12.75 1.4 3.4 1.6 1.0 1.6 I 2 tl.o 413.2 | 2.7 t.4 1.5 1.0 r.7 2 7.9 2.2 2.75 | 2.6 r.o 2.25 1.45 1.0 r-6 2 6.1 2.2 | 2.55 12.5 6.3 2.05 1.5 1.0 1.8 4 5.9 2.05t 4.56t 2.4 11.0 I 1.45 1.0 1.8 4 o.o 2.0 14.0 12.35 o.m 7 1.35 1.0 1.95 3 4.4 2.0 | 3.25 12.r5 7 1.3 1.0 3 2.35 12.9 | 2.0 2.75 1.3 1.0 2.05 6 d 2 3.25 4.t | 2.45 1r.9 2.65 o 1.0 2.0 0 d 9.7 2.95 3.6 2.3 | 1.65 2.85 7 1.0 1.9 7 o. /o 2.65 3.3 t2.6 t1.6 2.8 7 1.3 1.0 1.8 6 6 35 3.95 2.55t 2.4 | 1.5 o. Do 65 1.4 1.0 1.8 2 oo 6 9.15 2.3 14.85 14.3 v. /o .4 1.3 1.0 13.0 6 6 ID ft.9 2.2 I12.1 I4.6 8.95 .DD 1.0 10.0 15 75 6 t_o 2.7 9.25 | 4.65 o_o .45 1.0 6.0 7 8 4 4.9 2.0 17.55 14.15 5.8 .oo 1.0 4.0 35 55 4.3 2.0 t6.0 14.05 4.9 1.0 3.D 10 5 3.4 9.7 1.95 | 4.8 3.7 4.0 .59 1.0 ,3.0 95 5 3.55 15.45 i.9 4.4 3.15 3.4 .2 1.0 3.0 I 4 3.45 10.6 6.6 4.4 | 2.55 2.95 1.0 2.9 85 4 3.15 8.5 14.75 14.4 | 2.0 2.65 .5 05 1.0 2 8 J 2.65 6.95 8.8 14.4 11.9 2.9 .35 0 1.35 2 8 2.5 6.2 6.35 4.4 I1.9 d. oo 0 1.6 2 8 2.55 5.3 6.1 I 2.951 1.9 3.45 .2 0 t 55 2 8 1.35 o.o 4.65 7.45 12.85 12.0 .2 1.0 l.o 2 8 1.3 c_6 3.95 9.7 | 2.5 1.85 3.45 a 1.0 1.2 2.7 7 4.35 3.6 8.5 | 3.151 1.5 2.9 .95 1.1 z.o 6 d. oo 3.2 6.85 13.0 | 1.4 2.45 .6 1.0 2.0 3.05 5.4 ...... 1 1.4 2.75 1.05 il t.2

~~1902.~~

1...... ,..... v.o 5.8 19.0 I _O 1.8 t_lo .9 0.8 6 , l.o 5.25 16.4 I.D 7.45 1.2 .9 l.oo .9 45 o.t 5.8 8.1 1.5 1.3 1.0 .9 2.05 .60 25 4.75 o. lo 6.05 1.4 1.2 l. to .9 2.25 I o...,.,.,.,.,. 4.0 4.1 ol 4 1.2 1.1 .9 2.25 .95 7 6...... 3.55 4.5 4 7.2 1.2 .9 2.7 f.i5 oo 7 3.28 3.35 4.35 3 1.25 7.2 .9 1.CO L05 OD 8...... 3.1 3.2 .1.8 3 1.0 1.1 .9 1.1 1.0.; 0 9...... 2.85 3.05 D_di 0 3 1.2 .95 .9 1 .15 'I.ro co 10...... 2.75 2.55 7.2 8 2 1.15 .45 .9 1.1 |.25 ll 2.6 8 E 2 7.25 .95 .60 1.05 1.05 1 2.45 2.3 4 7 2 1l .8 5t 1 .65 .8 95 13...... ,..... 2.3 2 2 ot 1.05 .85 .85 1.9 1.0 05 14...... 2.1 t 6 6 1.0 .vJ .0 1.2 1.0 25

1c...... 2.0 0 2 5 1.1 .95 .6 1,.. 1 .9 16...... 2.0 I 95 1.8 1.1 l l .8 1.2 1.0 3 17 ...... 0 o tt oa .s .55 1.1 1.05 18...... 0 I I .E5 .6 1.0 1.0 25 19...... 9 8 1 .95 .95 .8 1.1 1.0 25 20...... I 7 35 .0 -60 .do 1.2 4 21...... 95 2.15 t. oD t.2 1.2 -to .0 Llo 1.55 8 22...... 0 2.6 r.2 1.1 .95 .9 1.25 I r40 I{YDBOGR,APIIY OI' VIR,GINIA.

~~Daily gage hei.ght, in feet, ol James Riaer at Holcom.b Rock, Va.-Con.~~

~~Jrn. Feb. llrr. I Apr. llN ]' June, Sept. Nov. Dec~~

95 2.7 LD 1.0 .7 .8 1.3 3.0 21.... 6D J. JA too 1. 15 .9 .b .bt 8 1.15 J_ lo 8 10.5 1.6 1.15 .8 .85 85 1.5 26.... 95 13.0 1.OO .8 .lo .85 lo 2.05 2.2 27.... 85 10.3 o 1.7 1.6 .0 .8 .95 3.65 2.O 28.... 2 11 .9 I 1.8 1.4 1.0 .8 .co l l J. UO 1.95 29.... 4 I 1 .65 1t .8 .8 1.05 1.2 2.4 l-aD 30.... 1 I 1.6 1.6 .95 1.1 .9 2.05 1.8 el 75 1 .l.i 1.15 .8

1...... {. oo 11.5 nt 3.8 1.b5 J 4.05 t.o r.351 .751 1.0 2...... 3.8 9.45 6 1 .65 | 3.2 2.4 1.311.211.0 I JOt 95 1.6 | 2.65 1.311.2t1.1 4.6 5 3.0 t.ti | 2.2 1 .75 r.25 17.2 | 1.r5 ti.85 i 9.6 5 05 2.85 1.75 I 3.1 1.65 1.411.41.95 6...... 5.4 | 8.7 4 7 2.25 | 4.25 1.45 1.311.411.0 7...... {{5 15.0 4 25 r3.4 | 2.3 1.6 1.351 1.3 I 1.1 d.... _... _ 3.75 4.1 4 4 2.5 8.0 | 2 r 1.55 2.051 1.0 | r.15 9...... 3.2 I 3.55 5.05 | 5 ID 5.3 I 2.7 1 .65 2.0t1.31r.3 10...... 2.55 | 3.2 t /D I i 2.25 38 i 1.e5 1.8 r.651 r.2 | r.2 2.55 I 3.15 5.4 DC 2.2 4.0 t2.4 7.7 t.5 I 1.2 1.15 2.35 I 5.15 5.85 to 2.t5 4.1 l. |.45 r.5 | t.2 | 1.25 2.25 ) 5.2 5.75 1 2.05 1 .35 r.451 1.251 .9 2 05 | 4.4 5.15 5 1.95 1.4 r.351 1.25t 1.1 22 | 4.1 5.0 b 1.9 55 1 .35 1.351 1.0 I 1.25 2.t5 4.5 4.65 lo 1.9 3 1 1 .35' 1.3 I 1.25 1.25 2.0 1 12.55 3.95 8 2.0 l5 I 7.7 1.05 tE t1055 355 25 2.1 05 1 /.cc 1.0 r .9 | 6.75 3.25 8 2.1 I 1 4.1 1.3 1.25 l.r,t 5.3 3. 15 o 1.8 1 3.05 1.4 1.3 2 .7 4.05 4.15 6 1.75 d 1 2.4 1.35 2.9 2I 5.2 4 1.7 7 | .. 1 2.O5 1.3 I 1.051 1.45 2.7 2 ri 955 2 1.7 8 1.25 1 .85 i.3 I 13 I 13 2 5 't 2.45 16.25 2 1G5 85 L45 1.8 t.3 | 1.25 1r.2 2 35 | 2.15 25 1 \.lo 95 1 .35 1.6 1.251 1.251 1.15 2 3 1.95 d 0 18 3 1.25 1251 1.15 r05 2.15 1.7 5 1.7 0 1.7 1.3 r2 1.15 11 t5 4.9 3.95 25 1.8 ti 25 t.2 1.2 1.0 1.5 6.3 015 0 1.8 ii.2 1.35 1 .35 1..2 1.0 | 1.6 6.45 1 1.8 t. /o 1e( 1.2 r.0 i155 .15 1.. 1.7 1.85 1.2

1.3 |.75 4.0 3.8 2.01 1 .25 .95 I .7 1.7 2.6 7 .25 1.8 i.4 .95 7 .75 1.1 1 .55 2.5 3. 15 8.8 1.3 1.0 1. 15 oo .8 1.2 1.5 2.5 2.8 $.7 1.65 1.3 .85 .8 lo l.05 1.ti5 2.4 2.85 5.0 1.6 1.3 1.0 8 E LDt l_to 3 05 | 2.25 2.5 6.35 1 .65 1.3 1.0 4 2 l 4 2.25 4 512.2 2.35 325 1.56 1.3 .9 85 95 1.4 3.05 8 95 1 2.25 2.65 3.25 t.4 1.6 .9 la 1.4 3.6 (, 85 I 2.55 2.85 z.tD 1.4 .8 25 7 lit 3.05 4 95 | 3.25 3. 15 1.4 ril .9 75 JAMES IiIVTR, DIiAINAGE BASIN, 14I

~~I)aily gage height, in feet, ol James Riaer at Holcomh Rock, Va.--Con.~~

~~Jan. Feb. Sept Oct. Nov. -T1~~

1-4 2.4 '4.06 3.15 2.9 12.35 .45 1.9 . ti5 .6D .7 .65 1.35 2.1 3.9 2.85 2.65 | 2.2 .6 1.9 .95 .85 .E t.25 1.3 2.0 3 2.65 2.4 | 2.'l 1.5 .95 .2 .9 |.25 85 1 2.45 2.3 I 1.95 .45 t.2 .95 Llo .75 1.1 6 85 2.25 2.3 I 1.75 1.4 1.0 .8 .85 . to I2 d 8 2.25 2.35 1.85 .3 r.45 1.0 .0 .nt .85 0 ut 2.05 23 12.1 1.3 .95 .45 .8 1.3 4t 5 2.1 2.5 11.85 2 1.5 .7 .8 1 .15 6 35 2.05 10.0 | 1.95 .0 .9 ,9 .6 .6 1.15 7 15 1.95 8.05 1 85 .2 1 .35 .9 .65 .65 1.2 6 z t 5.5 2.6 .l 1.05 .9 .85 95 .85 1 .45 2 I 4.3 I 2.5 2 1.3 .E .95 75 .9 5 I i 3.6 I 2.1 3 1.3 .8 t.0 8 .v 3.85 35 ot I 3.1 | 1.9 2 1 .15 .8 .7 8 .9 45 I 3 05 I 1.8 .4 1.15 .45 I .95 2.5 15 I I 3.15 1.0 4 1.05 1.1 .7 8 .95 2.2 2.6 .65 2.65 3.3 I i.6 1.0 da 85 .85 1.9 8.75 3.3 I 2.05 J 1.0 .li .7 I 1 .45 t /o 5.9 2.8 L 2.1 55 1.1 .7 .8 85 .44 4.85 2 5 2.15 4 .9 .7 .05 1 .65 .3 ,L 0 1.0 1.25

I 1.1 1.0 I 905t 2.2 .45 1.7 t75 l r.2 .7 Llo .9 2...... 1.2 1.0 3.3 | 1.9 .+ 2.05 1 .65 1.6 | 1.651 .7 1.1 .U' 3...... r.3 .9 3.7 t2.0 35 8 LE 1.6t1.8t.75 i.0 1.4 llt I 3.4 11.9 25 7 1.7 1.851 1.951 1.0 .3 2.95 o.... _.. 1.2 55 4.05 | 1.9 35 65 1.9 r.951 1.?51 .9 .8 1. "1 6...... 7.2 1.2 4.+ 12.05 3 6 2.4 1.3 | 1.6 .85 1.05 2.4 7...... 2.3 1.251 3.8 I 2.85 I 5 6.55 1.65 11.4 I -s 1.0 r95 8...... I t.2 4.35 | 2.95 5 45 4. E5 1.611.31.65 1.0 t.Jo 9...... oo r.15 5.15 | 2.65 DO 35 4.5 1.8 r.2 | .65 1.0 1 .35 10...... r.2 11.1 12.45 2.85 1.6 I riSl .75 1.05 .95 6 12 8812.3 6 0 2.45 r.611.2t.8 1.0 12...... 55 r.35t 7.5 | 2.25 7 25 2.8 1.6 I 12 I 1.1 .85 13...... 5 1.5 15.25 2.2 5 It co t.25 | 7.2 1.05 1.0 do 14...... 1.05 | 4.75 2.3 3 13.6 1.6 11.2 1.0 .60 ,85 lo_. .... _ 05 1.6 14.1 2.r5 8 9.65 3.151 1.2 I .75 .85 .85 ro...... 65 1.fi | 355 20 45 6.5 2.3 | t.2 1.05 .9 1.0 t7...... 2.0 1.5 | 3.25 1.8 3 4.7 2.05 l. .95 .9 1.0 18...... 2.O 1.5 1,3.0 1.85 0 3.6 1.9 .95 .8 1.0 19...... 1.85 1.5 13.1 t.7 3 3 2.9 .85 .2 1.0 20...... 1.7 1.6 | 3.1 1.6 55 35 2.6 l -co .85 .85 L.2 2t...... 1 .65 1.35 | 3.05 1.6 95 DO 2.45 1.65 .8 .9 lot 22...... 1.4 1.65t 5.0 L 1.5 6 to 2.5 1.5 .7 .9 7 .25 l.t 2.0 | 50 1.55 35 2.6 t.ot .85 .9 8.35 1 .45 2.25i 3.851 r.6 15 3.0 3.55 .8 o 8.5 25...... 1.4 255t 3351 1.4 0 2.9 1 .35 .8 .9 6.75 26...... 1.1 2.7 | 3.151 1.45 8 4.3 2.4 1.7 o .35 4.0 2'I ...... 1.3 3.1 | 2.951 1.45 0 2.tl 2.15 .95 .95 1.0 2.55 28. . 1.2 27 | 2.75t t.35 05 i"95 lo .U .85 8.5 29. . 1.15 2.6 I 1.5 1 2.05 to 1.45 .v, .85 8.45 30.. 1.1 .1 2.5 1.5 I 1.8 1.6 1.25 1.2 .85 D' t1 1.0 It 1.9 1.2 1.15 4.5 t42 HYDR,OG,RAPIIY OI' VIRGINIA.

~~JAMES IIJVI)R A'I CAETERSYILLI). VA.~~

A gaging station 'was established January 1, 1899, by Prof. D. 0. Humphreys at the highway bridge crossing the James between Pemberton and Car-tersviile, 300 yards from the railroad. station and 50 miles above Richmond, Va. The original wire gage was attached to a horizo rtal gage rod fastened to the bridge, and was referred to a bench mark, the top of the lower end of the fourth floor beam from the right bank, which u'as 32.04 feet above the zero of the gage. The original r'vire gage \\,"as replaced by a standard chain gage installed JuIy 24, 1903. The length of the chain frorn the end of the weight to the marker .is 3?.98 feet. Bench mark No. 1 is a standard copper plug set in the capstone on the upstream side of the right abutment. ft is inclosed by a ring of rvhite paint and is marked by the Letters "8. XI. U. S. G. S. Ilydro." Its elevation is 31.77 {eet above gage datum. Bench mark No. 2 is a spot of white paint on the inner eyebar of the lower chord of, the bridge, under the pullev end of the gage box. Its elevation is 32.95 feet above gage datum. To provide for readings over 10 feet, two addi- tional markers, respectively ten ancl twenty fee'f belorv the first, have been placed. The gage is attached to the timbers of the second span from the right bank on the downstrearn sid"e, at the same height as the hand rail. Discharge measurements are made from the lower side o{ the oid wooden 6-span highway bridge. The initial point for soundings is the lower corner of the right end post, dorvnstrearn side,. The channel is straight for one=third mile above the station and for one mile belolv. Both banks are hish and u'ill or.er{ow only at extreme flood stages. The becl of th"e streanl is eomposed of ,o"ks and sand, and is quite permanent. The gage is read onee eaeh day bv B. W. Palmore, the postmaster at Cartersville. JA}IES R,IVER DRAINAGE I3ASIN. t43

~~Di,scharge nrcasurenLents ol Jatnes Rhter at Cartersaille, Vo-~~

~~Arg of G&ce Dis- De+n, Eydrograpbc. se4!lon. height, ch*ge.~~

~~pw Sec.-feetr, 1897. 8q, teet. Ft. wc' Fe4t, September8..... 801 .lD a0.42 603~~

~~1898.~~

~~July 16. D. C. I{umphreys...... 760 r.74 aI.04 1 ,323~~

~~1899.~~

~~Jahuary3...... !'. IL Anschutz 3,187 3.82 7 ,156 June 23. D. C. Humphreys...... 1 ,862 1.44 1 .46 2 ,686~~

~~1900.~~

~~Aprii 2. D. C. Ilumphreys...... 3 ,860 2.16 4.74 9,469 June30...... do.. , ,.r.4 1 .81 2.35 4,049 1 August8.....,...... do.. | ,182 t.28 0.97 . ,515~~

~~August 24...... E. W. Myers. 1 ,199 L.lt 1.00 1 ,405~~

~~December 22.. . . D. C. Humphreys...... 1 ,908 I ao 2.08 3 ,360~~

~~1901.~~

~~July 26. D. C. Humphreys...... 2 ,182 1 .89 2.36 4 ,136 August9...... do.. 6 ,593 2.98 8.00 19 ,700~~

~~1902.~~

~~July 15. 1 ,488 1.35 1 .10 r oo8 August25...... 1 ,277 1.16 0.80 | ,482~~

~~1903.~~

~~March30...... ll. C. Murphy. 7 .961 3.06 10.00 24,380 May 22. E. W. Myers.. 2 ,339 2.03 2.42 4,753 May 23. ...do... LO' 2.08 2.42 4,777 July23...... :. B. S. Drane. 1 ,952 t. /o 1.90 3,414~~

~~Septernber 26.. . . Paul and Sawyer.. 1 ,798 1 .81 1 .81 3,264 December4..... \Y. 0. Sawyer. 1 ,460 1.44 t.2s 2 ,105~~

~~1904.~~

~~June23...... 2 ,546 1.96 2.84 4,994~~

~~Septernber 13... . 1,202 1.08 .lD I ,301~~

~~October 3...... 1.169 .96 .70 | ,117 October 22...... 1 .265 1.11 .6D I ,405~~

~~1905~~

~~A. lI. Horton 3,928 2.41 4.60 I ,468 oGrge height not rccurate t14 HYDR,OC+IiA?ITY OIr VIR,GINIA,~~

~~Dai,ly gage height, in feet, of James Riuer at CartersuilLe, Va.~~

~~lIar. Juty. Aug. Sept. _1::_ Nov. Dec,~~

4.4 13.90 6.05 3.0 2 1 .53 1.3 .1 4 \t7 I 4.4 3.25 10.35 5.62 2.85 2 1 .35 1.1 32 I 3.2 8.E 2.86 2 7.25 1.0 g t.t 3.6 t 4.0 4.3 9. !t 2 1 .12 .9 44 I o...... _... 4. tt o. Da 20.33 4{i 25 2.27 1.22 .85 35 3 1 8.2 24.75 +.25 2.8 2.1 1 .25 2.3 15 2 I 12 7...... 19.5 8.8 19.25 415 3.65 2.05 2.0 lo 2 1 8...... 15. 4 t0.5 13. 17 9.55 5 97 Llt' 1 .45 3 t.lc 9...... 11.75 d. /c 10 8.5 0 r.2 l.Jo 1.6 2.0 1.95 1 10-...... 9.0 l) 10 x lN 2 d 1. 15 1.1 11 2.05 r.85 0 . . 1t...... 7.05 5 d 7.12 5 0 1 06 1.0 27 It l. tt U 1' :?8 5 7 6.15 3 1.25 2 I 4 l_D 1 13...... 5_+ 5 7 4.9 t t,c 3.1 1.09 1.19 3 1.3 1.45 la 14 ...... 517 5.1 6.9 5.65 3.45 1.02 1.09 tt 1.2 l. ,t 8 1A..... 5.17 0.0 8.12 c. ro 1.0 13 l 3.4 1.1 1.1 r.c 3.1 10...... 47 7 .75 10.65 lo 5 It 1.07 2 .64 05 to | 1.1 1.3 17...... 5.47 14.0 8.3 | 07 4.45 3.0 1.0 2.12 0 1.0 1.3 2.8 18...... 5.15 9.75 8.05 95 3.9 2.7 1.04 7.4 92 t.2 7.25 24 19...... l 4.i3 10.55 17.33 2.0 1.lo E5 1.25 1.8 I 20...... 45 10.55 18.32 3.6 3.4 1.78 1 .05 l.lc l | 3.4 1.0 1.8 42 14.0 t2.82 3.55 r.7 .88 .97 .98 | 5.4 1.25 LD 22...... 1.02 16. r 8. rl 2.86 r.t .82 .8 al | .s7 7.25 lo 3.85 16.3 8.0 2.8 1.4ti ,8 I .8 2.65 .98 7.25 1.45 3.75 13.75 d.lr 2.7 1.4 .77 .82 I 2.1 1.0 1.25 431 11.0 6.65 3.08 1.4 .7 .76 1.0 1.8 26...... ,. 4-i I 8.65 6.15 3.05 2.45 1.7 .8 .66 3.5 .98 1.25 2.0 27...... 38 10.9 D. dt 3.2 2.45 2. | 2.23 7.0 2.35 .97 t.2 2.7 28...... 12.3 3.25 1.6 6.45 1a .97 1.2 2.0 29...... r.cr^",1 o-Jt 3.3 2.05 I r.4 1.33 3.5 1.4 .97 t.2 1.8 30...... 35 6.15 3.1 2.2 1.8 1.4 i L3 .97 1.2 at.lo 31...... 3.42 I o. Jo 2.25 1.7 1.84 .97 dl UO

~~1900.~~

1...... b2.0 I 7.8 4.75 2. 65 3 lo .86 .94 1.77 | {i.56 2...... 2 lo IO. OJ 4.73 3 2.48 0 .81 .94 1 62 | 3.79 3...... 42 12.9 1.45 2 q 3 .66 .94 1.62 | 3 24 4...... 42 .., 9.5 4.2 0 DD 95 22 .64 r.2+ 2.86 | I41 60 t.rD 4.0 I 6 95 .6r 1 .14 2.22 | 11 .2 6...... 2.2 0 6.4 3.75 8 25 6t 1 OU 1 .04 2. 17 | 11 .06 7...... 1 I 5.4 t_o /o ID 7 0 .to .99 2.07 | 7 .91 8...... 85 lo o.l 0 ot 97 .4(i .99 1.92 | 5.81 9...... 8 I 5.1 2.5 3 5 s5 .46 .99 r.82 | 5.46 10...... 6 I D.UO 3.1 2.6 15 48 95 .56 .94 r64l 196 11...... t)t 3 I 4.8 3.0 2.6 95 81 .to .9b 1.5e I 3 e1 12...... 4 3 45 4.4 3 2.5 1.65 a 8 .46 .94 1.47 | 3.43 13...... 2 7 3 4.0 3 c.t, 27 78 2.5 .84 l45l 321 q1 l!1...... 1 I 3.0 3 2.25 3.78 27 72 4.1 2.21 r.{4 | 3.06 4.0 t2 3.4 3 2.16 5.0 25 71 4.6 1.49 r.4 i 3.01 16.... . 3.4 8 1 3.4 2.5 2.1 3.22 6E 2.46 r.39 2.8r i i 17...... 2.8 6. 05 3.4 2.0 10.6 63 321 i 13eI 241 18...... 2.1 5 3 3.6 1.95 10.2 2.86 1 .38 2 .28 19...... 4 5 'i lu 24 9.0 2.13 r.36 I 2 .25

~~aRivu blocked rvith ice December 30 and 31. 1399 bRiver blocked with ice January 1 to 12, 1900. JAMES R,IVI'R, DRAINAGE BASIN. r45~~

~~Duity gage height, in feet, ol James Rioer at Cartersaille, Va.-Con.~~

~~Dnt'. Jrn. Mav Junc. July. Seot.-l I oct. Dec.~~

1900. 20...... 13.08 4.0 6.0 I .e 2.75 1.21 t.96 1.09 2.21 2t ...... 13.0 3.E 10.5 2.68 5.5 1 .14 .68 1.26 1.04 1.3 2.14 22...... 11. ti 8.3 tt lo 8.5 2.58 4.48 1.07 1.11 .94 7.29 2.06 2:1...... 11.8 9.3 3.85 |.t7 .93 .96 1. 14 1.26 2.1 24...... 6.1 tI.25 7.0 3.5 1.E .98 1.01 1 .64 1.22 2.0 25...... 5.0 9.05 6.0 ti.4 3.4 1.7 | .23 .99 10.84 r.22 2.75 26...... L) 7.0 5 tt 3. 35 3.25 1.4 .93 .98 6.92 3.32 2.5 -.96 27...... 3. 15 6.0 5 otJ 4.4 3.1 2.8 .78 4.64 15.07 2.22 28...... 3.25 5.1 4.57 3. tt 2. {i5 2.8 1 .13 .96 3.64 18.0 2.1, 29...... 3.0 5 4.1 2.65 1.08 .96 2.69 7.92 2.0 30...... 5 3.8 2.95 2.25 .o .90 2. ttg 2.0 31...... 2.35 5.3 2.13 i .95 1.0r 2.3! 2.0

~~1901.~~

2.0 35 1.6 4.37 25 8.1 4.9 3.4 4.11 7 1.53 61 2.0 15 1.6 3.65 I o.o 4.45 1.8 1 6 1.9 1 1.6 13.5 I 98 4.75 1.8 6.23 0 r.85 5 r.6 14.0 8 5 4.35 |.62 4.89 t2 48 52 1 .85 7 lao 13. 1 55 + 4.05 1 .55 4.03 oo 47 38 1.8 62 tDc 13.0 JO 6 3.65 ti.2 44 55 5Z lo ,t 1.53 8.2 1 07 3.67 13.61 1 33 48 85 |.72 48 to 0 5 11.35 0 2 48 1.7 42 6.7 75 3 3.6 7.E 82 lo 48 2.52 11 10... 1 .95 4 ID 5.9 7 0 2.9 5.28 0 47 11... E.2 35 2.2 D.6 40 45 2.7 5 8li 4 0 2.82 12... l1.0 2.25 9.28 4.6 2 8 2.6 11.28 3.85 95 2.73 13... 12.$2 2.25 11.0 4.05 o-l 50 2.7 L25 2.85 I

1.1. . . 11. t'2 2.2 6.95 10.12 45 22 3.02 6.68 2.4 05 47 3.0 tt.. 7 .62 2.2 6.5 15.60 7 85 5.9 16.3 05 1.45 10.0 10... 2.2 12.5 45 11.0 2.2 0 45 18.25 77... 2.1 4.02 9.5 + 17.82 0.3 11.88 2.0 98 43 16.5 t6.. 3.6 2.1 3.6 8.5 0 12.t. 9.7 to 6t tt a.l o 19... 3.35 2.05 3.25 8.1 11.05 6.35 7 .95 U lo 6.5 20... 3.0 2.05 3.0 7.9 T/ Li5 6. 15 65 5.75 2t... 2.85 2.02 2.95 14.8 77 7.8 5.7\ 35 titt 32 b4.55 22... 2.8 2.02 21.05 17.35 7.1 4.4 4.9 2 62 31 b40 '62 23... 2.82 2.0 3.95 15.45 24.5 7.0 3.75 4.27 IO b3.3 2.6 1.9 3 12.22 18.8 6.95 3.15 5.6 l 82 7 b3.35 25 _. D 1. E8 65 9.0 12.45 0.9 2.8 5.63 05 58 3 3.45 26... 85 ldo 5 8.1 9.8 ti.5 6.3 03 58 4 3.6 4.45 27.. . 63 1.8 0 7.1 8.8 o.60 2.23 6.2 0 50 15 28... 54 1 .65 l) tD 10.50 5.15 2.0 7.11 25 5 I 5.38 29... bz 7.O o.l 11.1 5.1 2.18 o. Do 9.05 45 1.85 14.82 30.., 5.5 D. OO 10.45 1.83 ,+.4 10.0 53 1.53 25.39 31... 4 4.6 dc 2.O 4.01 5 24.3-

~~1902~~

~~1..,..... r0.5 LO 22.90 8.0 3.45 L98 1.7 1 :48 0 1.8 9.0 2...... tt.2 8.0 22.05 6.4 3.1 r.7 i .65 1.3 1.82 6.3 6t 9. ti 14.0 o.4 3.4 1.68 2.0 1.8 52 1.52 11.4 7.2 8.0 10.5 5.2 t.o 1.9 2.1 5 1.42 8.3~~

~~oJanuary 13, 1901, rpproximate. DIe conditions December 21 to 24, 1901. 146 I{YDB'OGRAPIIY OX' VIRGINIA.~~

~~Duilg gage height, in feet, ol James Rioer at Carterwi.lle, Va.-Cot.~~

~~Dav. rlar. Apr May. I June.~~

o_ ro 7.05 9.5 5.0 2.8 1 .7 1.7 .5 7.95 10.95 6...... 5. Dt 9.2 4 1 .4 2.r5 .8 16.85 38 9.3 7 5.05 l.lo 4 1 .4 2.0 o.o a.to 8...... 5.0 4.92 7.0 7 3.0 1 .6 1.9 .6 4.05 6.3 .8.7 9...... 4.88 4.22 10 2.7 1 .v 1.3 1.0 3.25 5.05 10...... 4.38 3.88 8.0 8 2.8 1 1.6 1.0 2.1 t1 4.0 3.62 9.2 7 ztt 1 .8 .9 1. tt 28 3.9 12...... 3.6 3.5 8.8 7.0 2.4 1 .42 1.0 ,9 10.02 3 3.6 13...... 3.4 3.6 8.2 6.52 2.1 1 2 .33 1.05 .88 D.lz 6.t 14...... 3.3 3.3 8.0 D. C4 1 oo .2 1.1 .75 3.8 r.22 J) ro... .. -. 3.25 3.12 8.72 2.O 1 3 .0 1.35 .7 2.8 1.2 3.5 16...... 3.0 3.1 7.9 t 2.0 2 5 .0 4.25 .6 2.2 I .28 4.5 2.95 1 10.7 5 2.2 35 .0 3. 15 oo 05 1.2 8.5 18...... 2.9 82 10.08 4 2.75 7 .0 1.15 5 87 t,D 55 e 19...... 88 9.t 35 t 1 .0 1.25 5 22 1 20...... 72 72 05 I 2 13 .22 t.2 5 65 22 2 2t...... 72 7 38 1 88 1.0 6 52 3 1D 2 I I 72 .3 t.0 4 3 12 5 0 I 6 .2 .7 2 15 21_...... 3 0 1 o .1 I .6 35 1.9 3 o 10 3 l o6 .0 I .7 3 6 26...... 3.3 21.85 3 2 0 .92 8 2.0 28 9.35 2 27...... 5.72 19. 15 3 2 3 .88 ti2 4..35 2 6.2 t.tD 98...... 9.44 t7.27 2.9 2 0 .8 t+ I lo 6.11 5.3 29...... 10.1 3.0 1 98 .78 8 1 .35 4.0 5.0 30...... 8.0 3.8 I 8 .oo 7 l4 o.tc 3.08 7.8 .62 2.0 3.05

~~1903.~~

1...... 3.0 7.45 | 14.05 11 35 | 5.3 2.65 | 6 R2 1.65 i 6 11 5 .31 25 2...... 2.8 6.55 14.52 i 9.6 | 5.0 2.5 I b.62 2.33 | 6.5r 39 .3 ZD 2 16.05 5.7 lro.72 | 7.9 i 4.6 | 2.32 14.6 2.18 I 5.58 42 .3 25 15.55 62 17.82 17.3 | 4.4 12.3 1 4.0 2.23 i 3.98 .38 29 9.7 6.85 | 7.12 | 4.28 I 2.3t I S.45 2.81 | 2.83 to .5 2 7 il.e5i 5881 6e2l 4151 0.0 | +.0 2.2r | 2.43 1.38 .65 23 8 9.02 | 5.85 I 6.3 | 4.05 | t7.7u 8.48 2.28 | 2.rl 1.5 .82 ZD 7 7.0 | 7.15 | 6.7R1 B.s 1r8.0 I 4.42 2E I 1.85 1.5 | 1 ,td 25 9..... 68 6.52 8.12 | 7.78 I 3.62 |l.8 | 3 3 85 i 1.73 4.3 23 i0..... 88 5.75) 7.82 | 732 I 33 I 7.8 I 2.82 71 I 1.71 3.4 .42 1 ,35 11..,... 82 5.05 1 7.7 | t t I szsl azsl z.az 55 I r.93 .48 |.25 12...... 7 7.2 | 7.82 7.7A132 | 7.85,2.8? 81 | 2.23 2.1 .4 t.2 13...... 2 7.5 | 7.85 I 6.e21 3.1 | 6.e I s.rz 78 I 1.93 1.92 .38 1 .35 14..,... 0 7.3 7.6 111 22 3.03 I 5 77 I 5.97 43 I 7.7t 1 .78 t.oD 15..,... 6 6.2 I 6.9 | 9.22 3.0 I 4.3 I 4.87 23 1.68 1 .62 .JO t.58 10...... 7.8 16.6 18.9 2.e 4.0 | 432 2.01 | .51 ID .3 t.4 t7...... 3.6 16.s5 | 5.95 I 7.65 I 2.S 3.5 3.54 2.38 I 1.55 1 .45 .3 |.26 18...... 3.4 t7.4 | 5.5 6.9 l 2.75 4.25 | 2 e4 2.01 I 6.73 2.15 .7 19...... 13.2 | 5.08 I 6.28 | 2.7 i 3.t5 2.69 2.61 | 8 45 2.O .78 20...... 3.1 9.0 I 4.8 | 7.18 | 2.62 | 2.9 2.42 3.31 i 4.93 1.72 .72 21...... 6.45 7.5 | 4.82 16.78 12.5 | 2.85 12.22 2.28 3.68 1 .65 .65 22...... /.oo 7.2 Ito.72 | b68 I242 27 | 202 2.15 ) 2.s5 tt6 .62 2.68 23...... o_ It 6.3 I r5.5 I 3.48 | 2.4 | 2.72 t.92 r.71. | 2.53 1.52 I I ,o 2.26 24...... o_r 58 118.08)5.1 | 228 I a.o:I r.sz 1.55 I 2.18 1.5 | 1 .4 1.95 4.8 5 55 1 18.7 | 4.85 1 2.9 | 2.7 | 1.76 1..43 I 2.03 1.38 | I .4 1 .85 26...... 4.3 5.2 112.n7 | 4.78 | 2.5 I 4.03 | 1.65 1.43 | 1.88 1.35 I r .85 1.7 JAMES RIVER, DNAINAGE BASIN' 147

~~DaiI11 ga.ge height, in feet, ol James Riaer at Cartersoille, Va.-Corr'~~

~~July. Aug.~~

4.1 5.0 8.83 4.95 2.75 4.52 1.55 1.48 1.7 1.8 l.o o. ro 7.8 7 .76 4.6 4.35 1.43 5.05 10 1.38 1.45 8.6 0.9 8.0 3.32 L94 1 .53 3. $8 2.22 1.4 8.45 r0.37 6.8 2.98 8.1 1.45 72.t6 tDt 1.55 8.35 tt.32 to 1.53 7.13 1.65

.85 . -.....t dl.o 2.1 3.38 5.9 I 3.85 zDo .81 .8 .65 1.68 2.0 3.1 5.0 15.2 2.52 72 t.0 .le .88 ...... 1 1.5 1.9 4.85 t.l 4.32 | 7.52 2.r 1 .9 .7 .9 .....t 1.38 l.dc 4.85 11 3.77 | 10.0 r.do -bb .DO .72 1.0 1.35 1.8 4.3 3.28 3.48 I 7.4 58 .8 .5 .8 1.0 ...1 1.35 1.88 3.9 3.0 3.22 | 5.98 1.62 3.37 .7 .ro 6 2.25 6.08 3.1 3.1 I 4.92 1.48 2.0 .85 :D .7 7 ...... 1 2 55 3.8 13.0 3.05 6.3 4.4 1.E5 2.35 .85 .7 .7 1.9 3.5 i1.1 4.92 I 4.03 1.9 t.7 .8 -oo .7 I.DD 8 s.18 65 5.12 I 3.6 2.0 1.8 .s8 .co . (o 38 7.45 52 65 o5 4.8 13.3 2.85 1.8 1.1 .52 .8 1.28 .t t.47 1 4.2 | 2.85 7.52 1.9 .95 ,5 .78 .....1 1.62 I 7 78 3.75 | 2.62 1.4 2.72 .78 .5 .0 1.02 .1 l.oo 75 6 4 3.42 | 2.45 1.0 2.0 1.25 .5 .4b 1.r 1.5 52 4 3.2 3.25 | 2.31 1 .48 1.9 3.& .5 1.15 .68 .1 1.4 1 .45 2.n 0 3.0 3.12 | 2.18 1.3 2.43 ...i 1.35 2.2 2.75 3.02 | 2.r5 1.38 1.4 1.8 .68 .0 1.38 1.+ 1.8 3.58 2.58 3.43 | 2.22 1.4 2.0 .98 .oo .92 z. L, 1.9 3.5 2.55 5.13 | 2.18 1.95 .98 _to .95 ...... 1 1.35 2.0 2.4 10.55 I 2.15 1.25 1.9 .88 .6 .93 .l 1.45 2.25 s.15 | 2.32 1.1 1.45 .82 .6 .9 b2.3 .....1 1.68 4.6 3.0 2.2 6.15 | 2.4 1.0 1.23 .95 .82 .85 b2.5 ..1 2.42 2.5 5.32 2.85 1.3 1.21 .9 .82 .88 b2.S ...... 1 3.0 6.29 2.85 2.08 4.5 1 2.52 2.08 1.2 .88 .78 .95 1.48 6. 15 2.8b 2.05 3.98 I 2.18 2.0 1.28 .82 .1D .9 l.w ...... i 4.02 4.63 4.3 2.0 3.55 I 1.88 l.co 1 .19 .8 .78 .9 1.9 ...... 1 3.48 4.12 0 3.0 3.52 | 1.8 1.62 1.0 .tD .7 .85 1.8 3.26 3.95 98 6.0 3.5 | 1.65 2.05 1.0 .68 .62 .85 tn 2.85 3.5 05 9.6 3.6 12.0 1.9 .98 .82 .62 .8 ...t 1.9 3 7tt 3.45 | 2.85 1.95 .8 .do ,7 -lo 1.9 2.1 0 1.6 .65 .75 1.75

2.45 5.72 3.18 1.82 42 | 232 I 2.e | 16 I l5 | I Lro 2.9 5.52 2.95 1.65 D.Dcc Ilor z.L |loaalg4 2,ool ta 1t .38 1.1 2.L 5.05 2.8 1.8 2.551 2.5 | 2.181 7.6 | 1.2 .n 1.48 i.82 5.25 2.58 r.7 2.221 22 I 2.05 I 5.12 I 1.0 .28 3.3 2.25 5.48 2.88 1 .78 2.15 6.5 | 2.12 I 3.8 I 1.12 .25 2.58 5.32 4.62 r.7 1.951 5.0 L 2.251 3.281 r.1 .22 4.8 1.95 5.6 4.1 t.72 r.92 6.12 I 2.38 | 2.32 | 1.02 1' 9.52 to 2.35 5.05 3.5 1.78 2.55 e75| 2.45I 2.08| 1.0 .23 2.58 D.I 3.9 1.72 2.1 5951 2.2 | 1.851 1.0 .28 2.5 8.15 3.62 1.8 1.8 15.22 14.05 I 1.68 I .95 .22 2.5 ,9' 2.65 12.7 3.6 1.7 r5 J 4.551 5.0 I 1.581 1.0 .2 2.7 L85 7.82 4.7 1.481 4.051 3.551 r.5 | 2581 I .72 2.2 2.9 8.1 4.22 9.82 1.381 7.1 | 2.e | 1.581 2.3 .2 3.32 6.68 4.7 11.9 1.38116.3e1 2e I t5 | I.8 | 1 .l 1 .88 olce conditiom duiug ptt of Januuy, 1904. bRivc fmzen Dmember 2l to 23, 1904. ilce a*ine latts pilt oairnury and duing February, 1905. The river wm frozen from bank to banl, with the"ooaitibo" exception of a-5&foot-channel of oprin watr uddls the gage. Ice 10 to 12 inches t'hiek. r48 IIYDIiOGIIAPIIY ON' YIR,GINL\.

~~Daily ga11e lteight. in Jeet, ol James Riter at Cartersa.ille, Ita.-Cor^.~~

~~Dav Feb. I Mar. Mav. June July. ,\ug. ^-.'~~

1905. 15.... 5.48 3.55 | 5.75 E.42 16.0 /.uo I .03 8 16.... 4.42 3.0 15.08 J. to 9.6 1.35 11 .4 8.6 1 I 1a 3.5 2.85 I 4.55 3.25 10.85 1 .35 dD 05 I .ro 0 18.... 3.12 2.85 I 1.25 2.85 9. 12 1.35 6.35 0 4 19.... 2.85 2.6 I 3.98 ,7 7 .12 1.3 D_ lc i5 .I 42 20.... 2.48 2.7 | 3.55 2.52 5.68 t.25 4.52 @ .t2 7 2t.... 2.5 3.37 | 4.0 2.4 1.08 4.J 4.5 4iri .08 10.9S 22..... 2.2 4.05 t 4.5 2.32 4.25 3.85 2 .02 12.9 23..... 5.38 I 5.6 2.2 3.58 1.98 8.5 2.tE .22 9.8 24... .. 1.E8 5.3 I $.22 2.08 3.15 5.22 1.95 .22 8.02 25..... 1.9 4.7 I 5.1 2.05 2.85 5.12 2.1 .2 6.45 26... . . 1.8 5.45 I 1.82 2.r 2.58 5.lJ 4.1 5.3 .2 5.39 27. ... . 1.9 6.55 | 4.3 2.02 o. /o ;J. CO 2.9 It 4.68 28... .. 2.0 5.4 | 4.2 2.0 2.5 4.15 2.55 05 4.05 29..... 2.45 2.8 2.88 3.5 2.85 2.0 02 5.28 30...... 2.9 ...... i 3.62 7.92 2.9 2.82 4.1 1.9 It 6.38 3i..... 2.65 ...... 1 .3.38 3.4 2.8 1 .73 o. 01

~~Rating table for James Riaer at CarterstilIe, V a., frotn J anuary 1, 1899, to December 51, 1905~~

~~Gage ileight.~~

Fed, Secmd-feet Feet. Seeond,-feet Feet. Setord-feet. Feet. Second-f eet. 0.20 480 2.20 3 ,880 4.40 8 ,790 9.00 22,300 0. 30 OID 2.30 4,080 4. 60 I ,280 9.50 24,OOO 0.40 JOO 2.40 4,280 4.80 I ,780 10. 00 25 ,750 0.50 900 2.50 4,490 5.00 10 ,300 10.50 27 ,500 0.60 r ,050 2.60 1,700 5.20 10 ,820 l1 .00 29 ,260 0.70 r ,200 2.70 4,910 J.4(, 11 ,350 11.50 31 ,O80 0.80 r,Joo 2.80 5 ,120 5.60 1r,890 12.00 32 ,930 0. 90 r ,5I0 2.90 5 ,330 5 .80 12 ,430 t2.58 34,780 1.00 1 ,670 3.00 5 ,550 6 .00 12,980 13.00 36 ,670 1 .10 1 ,830 3.10 5 ,770 6.20 l3 ,540 13.50 38 ,570 I.20 2 ,000 3.20 5 ,990 6.40 14,100 71.40 10 ,520 1.30 2 ,170 3.30 6 ,210 6.60 14 ,680 15 .00 44,500

1.40 2 ,350 3.40 6 ,4410 6.80 r5 ,260 16 .00 48 ,600 1 .50 2 ,530 3.50 6,670 7.00 15,860 17.00 52,820 1 .60 2 ,710 3.60 6,900 7.20 16 ,460 18 .00 57 ,200 1.70 2,900 3.70 7 ,130 7.40 17 ,080 19.00 6l ,700 1.80 3 ,090 3.80 7,360 7.60 17 ,700 20.00 66.300 1 .90 3 ,280 3.90 7 ,590 7.80 18 ,330 2.O0 3 ,480 4.00 7 ,830 8.00 18 ,970 2.to 3 ,680 4.20 8 ,310 8.50 20 ,610

The above iable is strictly applicable only for open chaunel conditions. It is based upon 24 dischme mesuements made duing 1897 to 1905. It is well defined between gage heights .70 fet and 10.0 fee[. The t&ble hN been extended beyond thce limitq Betwen gaee h"igl'ts 10,00 fet and 20.00 fet, the table ie the product, of the rrca flile hy the extension of the velocity currs See Plate I, nage 10. JANI]'S RIVER DR,AINA.GE BASIN. 149

~~Estimateil monthly ilischarge ol Jomes Riaer at Cartersaille, Va.~~

~~(Drainage rea, 6,232 square miles) '-t ] ' Discharge in second-feet. Run-off. ?recipitation'~~

uonth. Illl I I seco.d-rt.l Depih .tJi ," I Lo., of r{axirnum' Minirnun' tr{ean' t""n;, dL' i"it.,. 1 r'Jfr*' | ] lo#ni-ta[lon' i 18ee. , i i January. 64,000 ] 6,436 13,550 2.r7 2.5O 69 ] 3.61 1.11 February l 49,850] 5,990i22,400 3.59 3.74 76 14.92 1.18 Nlarch.. 93,750 r0,950 28,610 4.59 5.29, 831 6.38i 1.09 April... .. 24,r80 I 5,660 9,753 r.56 | 1.74 101 | 1.72 1-.O2 May.... 16,77o I 3,580 , 7,3o4 r.r7 1.35 37 i 3.40 2-o5 June... 6,601 I 2,350 I s,ZSg r.610 .681 l9 i 3.55 2.87 July. .. 4,080 1 1 ,200 1 2,030 I .326 .376 13 t 2.93 2.55 Augusr. .1 rs,soo j 1,140 J z,zzz I .sn .598 . 11 I 5.35 4.75 septernber...... 11 ,350 I l,$2 | 3,r87 .511 I .570 ) 14 I 4.11 ] 3.54 october...... l 3,580 I 1,622r 1,968 i .316 .364 13 I 2.62 2.26 November...... 11 ,080 12,000 3,566r .572 .638 69 10.93 I .29 aDecember..,... 5,880l 1,670 3,020 .485i .559 291 1.901 1.34

~~The year.. I----l----r----i-_-::---l-- e3,750 I 1,140 I 8,534 I 1.37 I 18.40 4414r.42123.02~~

i 1900.reoo. i i I bJanuary I 36,e70 I 49i 3.35] 1.70 1 ::: I ::?: l1i: 1:: r February. i 33,670 I 2,530 12,550 ,2.02 | 2.10 nt ] 4.41 ] 2.3r March.. 47,160 t"'--"1--'"---"-t-lI 6,440 114,810 12.38 2.74 73 3.76 r.O2 Aprir.. .i 2s,s00 4,4s01 10,560 1,6e 1.8e 67 2.8a: .e5 1 i I i 1 May.... .l 8,7e0 3,380 5,0e6 1 .818 .e43 1 32 2.e2 I 1.e8 June... .l 27,850 i 2,805i 8,072 11.30 i1.15 i ,ri 5.341 3.8e July.... .j 5,r2ol r,782 12,828 .154i .523i 17 12.98i 2.46 August. .l z ,sos r ,oss r ,sso .zsz .2e6 ] tr ] 1.54 i r.24 September...... 9,280 8a2 2,a98 401 .447 i 11 3.98 3.53 ] 1 L i october.. I 28,6e01 1,4171 3,860i .61er .7131 1s] 3.75J 3.04 November. ] 57,200 12,034'i 7,r}s L.r4 1.27 41 I 312 j 1.85 I)ecember.. 3,480 8,348 1.34 r.54 5512.78\r.24 lrr,980 -l -;;,;i;l'*-i;;;- rhe year l;; ;l;,;\;;' oRivs blocked n'ith ice December 30 and 31, 1899. No correction made in estimaim, bRiver blocked with ice January 1 to 12, 1900. No mnection made in estimatm. HYDR,OGRAPIIY OX' VIRGINIA.

~~Estimated monthly d,ischarge of James Eioer at Cartersaille, Va.-Con.~~

~~Runofr. Precinitaiion. 1 r D.. Depth ceii. r- Loss oI ' inJtu.. in.'r*r. in"hi"** l or$o;-htion. I l~~

I ill -i) 6r I 2.62 t.o4 r08 .5e I I i -.05 i ni 3.48 1.e6 I 64 6.92 2.47 ut 6.70 3.25 i L , ] un ] 5.62 : 2.57 ) ,t 5.23 3.78 30 10.22 7.71 i I ] 33 I 3.75 I 2.5o e i lsl I .ss -.rz 8i uri 1.43r .e0 *] 7re 3e0 I l-;[;,r-,",, 1902.11,11 Jonuary....January. ..i ] 50,690i 4,952 172,s60i2.06 I 2.38 74 1 3.2r 0.83 February. I 26,040 4,700'ttzi.soJz.z5 ] z.so i oo] a.zsi l.eg March.. .tI o.,zwBz,2e0 z,soot ,ovu I zz,6du22,8s0 s.66J.btt +.zz4.22 rzslZ8 a.so8.30 ] _.92 i )I I ] 1 -.gz April... 28,55028,b;so I s,:ao5,380 l0,es0r0,990 i 1.75 i r.srr.or I ssos I z.osz os I .10 May.... i1.75 i ] . 6,620 e,280j s,szsl .sss] r.os i +ol z.ss1 r.ss June... 4r,e00Jz,ooo +,+zs ] .zrol .zszj zr] a.ss, :.oa July... .l a,+sol t,r2s 2,rgz .BbB 4ozl fi 2.Bs 1.94 August. 8,480 r,t2b z,+es .eoo .+oo tiii I i 1 I ro I z.so 2.J4 September...... 8,670i 900i r,64ZJ .264 I .zs4 l 8l g.Zs:8.46 October...... 1 Sz,rSO I t,AZO i Z,azA 1.18 I r.86 i 22 I 6.05 : 4.69 November...... i 28,+sol z,ooo j s,oo+ .802 1 .895] zbi s.t|i 2.67 December...... 80,710] 5,660 12,g40 2.08 2.40 t z0 8.41 l.0l Theyear...... lr ----j---F--t----l----i---i---i--- 82,2e0 j e00 I 8,zso I r.+r ] rs.os I ,u ] 41.6s:22.64 clce mnditiom Demhs 2l io 24,1901. No @rectiotr made in stirot* JAMPS RIVEIi DII,AINAGI) BASIN.

~~ilstimated. monthly dischorge ot' James Riaer at Carternille, Vo.-Con.~~

~~Dischuge in second-fet Precipitation.~~

'tro'u'' I Second-ft.l Depth cent. T- Loss of Maximum' llininum' tr{ean' i"Jri'"t' in i i I ttlil*' p'""Jioi- inchs. I [ ] L'J"'itt' 1 re,slilili - -'"*" j January 48,810 I s,rzo r+,soo 2.Bs i 2.76 62 4.4J r.67 February...... 54,550 10,300 19,550i3.14 3.27 | 64 5.08 1.81 March.. 60,340 5,780 23,260 3.73 4.30 81 15.29 .99 April... 30,520 9,730 16,920 2.71 | 3.02 88i 3.42 .40 May.... 11 ,080 r,040 6,367 I.o2 1.18 I 00 11.78 .60 June. . . 57 ,2O0 4,080 i 13,240 2.12 2.36 i 31 7.73 D .61 Jury.... 15,320 6,063 .e73 1.12 37 3.06 I .94 12,4041 1 L Ausust. .l 33,480 I 2,404 I 5,396 I .866 .998 23 i 4.38 3.38 September...... 20 ,440 2,548 5,910 i .948 ] 1.06 nn i 2.39 I .33 October.. 8,550 2,170 2,976 1 .478 1 .551 23:2.38 1 .83 November...... 3,128 2,051 2,443 .392 .437 47 .93 .45

~~December:cember...... ] 4,868 1.41 i .95 ]-i_ii1_1i1-'lil1,elb 2,s06 .402 .4ffi1 sB rheyear I ;,;[;;;T;;;-;*-1- ,, *",i 20.76~~

~~1904. cJanuary. . 11 ,890 2 ,085 3 ,660 .Dd/ .677 31 2.2L 1.53~~

February. . 13 ,790 3 ,090 6 ,332 L.02 1.10 62 t.76 .66 March...... 36 ,670 5 ,225 10,060 1.61 1 .86 72 2.59 .73 1rq April...... 24,350 3,480 6 ,777 I .09 50 2.46 1ri- May...... 27 ,680 5 ,594 I ,334 1.50 49 3.53 1.80 June...... 25 ,750 2,805 6 ,927 t.24 27 4.53 3.29

~~July.... . 4,595 | ,670 2,935 .543 12 4.4r 3.87 August..... 6 ,371 | ,125 2 ,900 .465 .536 23 2.39 1 .85 Septemher.. 7 ,360 1 ,170 1 ,828 .293 .327 tl 1 .98 l.ttc~~

~~October.. . . . I ,386 .900 1 ,115 .t79 .206 39 .54 .33~~

~~November. . 2,440 |,t25 1 ,470 .236 .263 23 1.15 .89 bDecember. 4,490 | ,432 2,724 27 2.41 1 .91~~

36 ,I.670 I 4,672 i 34 I 2e.e6 I 1e.75 ale mnditiols duing put of January, 1904. No conection made in estimate* bRiver frozen over December 21 to 23, 1904. No conection mtde in estimaies r52 rryDnocRAprry ol- vrrierli'rA.

~~Eslimated monthly d,ischarge ot' James Rioer at Cartersaille, tr/o.-Con.~~

~~Discharge in second-feet. Run-off.~~

I ] ise"ond-reet Desth Maximum. llinimum. I l{ean. per. . tl I I L fll |-li"'] 1905 a,Ianuary. Iilitl rs,ooo) z,++o ] s,+aol .szsl t.ot oFebruary...... 14,540 3,r28 I 6,378 1.02 I 1.06 March. . 33 ,300 6 ,394 i 11 ,900 I r.91 | 2.2O April.. . e,BBo ] 8,320 I b,64s .905 1.01

~~1VIay.. . . 32,560; 2,805 9.388 r5l 1.74~~

~~June. . . t6 .770 t 2 ,085 5 ,309 .852 ) .951~~

July.. . . 50,230 I 3,680 I 13,4e0 2.16 | 2.49 August. 20 ,94O 2 .957 1 6.086 977 September...... t7 ,700 I ,864 4,024 646 October.. 4,658 1 1,590 2,227 357 I .4r2 November...... 2 ,53O | ,702 l ,967 .316 I .353 I)ecember. 36,290i 1,8301 9,017 r.45 I 1.67

~~The year.. 50 ,230 1.08 14.75~~

~~elce conditions during the latter part of January rnd during February, No correction made in etimates~~

~~.A.PPOIvIATTOX RMII' AT MATTOAX, YA.~~

This station was established August 27, \900, by E. W. Myers. It is loca.ted on the two-span deck railroad bridge at Mattoax station, 27 miles southeast of Richmond, on the road to Danville. It is equipped with a standard chain gage, which is attached to the outside of the gtarcl rail of the first span from the, right bank. The length of the chain from the end of the weight to the marker is 48.80 feeL '\ pennanent bench mark, consisting of, a United States Geo ogical Survey standard iron post, was established Augrst 29, 1903. This post is set at the northeast cot'ner of the Mattoax pas- senger station, with an elevation of 48.68 feet above gage datum. Reneh mark No. 2 is on the outer upstream edge of the top of the upper ehord of the upstream truss, 111 feet from the initial po'int. Its elevation is 46.60 feot above gage datum. Discharge measurs- ments are made from the downstream sitle of the railroatl bridge to which the gage is attached. The initial point for soundings is the end of the dov'nstream Euard rail at the right bank. Distances along this ra.il are indicated."by white paint. The channel is straieht JAIIES RIV]IR DR,AINAGT BASIN. r53 for 400 feet abol'e and for 100 feet below the station. The current is moderately swift. The right bank is high ancl is not subject. to overflow. The left bank is high but overfl.olvs be"neath the second span of the bridge at high waier. The bed of the strearn is composed of rock and sand and is clean; it shif.ts during and after flood stages. There is but one channel at aii stages, broken at extreme flood stages by the central pier o{ the bridge. The sand bottorn beneath the second span is subject to chango in high rvater. The gage is re,ad mo,rning and noon each day by J. C. Carter.

~~Discharge nl,easurenlents of Appomattor Riaer at Mattoaa, Va --l Area of tr{ean uage IJrs- Hydrographer. sectron. relocifii. height. I charge.~~

~~1900. Sq. feet. Ft, pq sec. FeeL &a-led~~

~~August 25...... toa 1.18 1.00 196 Novemberl..... 169 1.04 0 .85~~

~~1901.~~

~~January16...... E. Graves.. 339 t+.36 820 April 23...... N. C. Curtis.. 585 2.90 6.74 1 ,696 May 23. E. Graves 1 ,103 3. 34 10. 73 3 ,694 July 23. E. W'. Myers. 212 1 9'7 t.26 270~~

~~November 26.. . . J. S. Henderson 388 2.13 4.40 826~~

~~1902.~~

~~July 10. 1(]9 2.01 180 391~~

~~August 16...... 781 2.90 7 .68 2,266 Octoberl4...... 520 2.71 o- /o 1 ,410 October 14...... 438 2.61 4.88 | ,144 December6..... | ,740 2.80 13.10 4,857~~

~~1903.~~

~~Marc}l24...... B. S. Drane. 2 ,686 3.04 20.20 8 ,166 March29...... E. C. Murphy. 602 2.13 6.25 I,282 May 21. E. W. Myers. 262 I .61 2.35 421~~

~~May 21...... do...... I 262 1.55 2.33 405 July25...... B. S. Drane. rb5 1 .68 1 .50 258 JuIy25...... IDD 1.62 1.50 260~~

~~August 29...... 498 2.60 D.DO 1 ,254 August 29...... 406 2.47 4.62 1 ,002~~

~~September 26.. . . 163 1 .79 1.47 292 December 3... . . 2lr 1.50 1 .95 315 154 tltrDRocBAprry ox. vrBGrNrA.~~

~~Discharge rnedsurernenta ol Appomattot.Biaer at Mattoar, Va.-Con. -r -- l. Area ofl- Hy,lrogranher. -[.l"qn I . G.age Dis- soetron. velociry. height. chuge ]~~

~~Sq. fed. FL per sec. Foot. Sec -led.~~

~~R. H. Bolster.. 150 r.oi r.23 205 N. C. Grover. 209 1.40 2.05 293 R. II. Rolster.. t2L 1 .39 u. d5 168 J. C. Hoyt. 183 1 .48 t.76 270~~

~~A. H. Horton.. 6.72 r ,641 R. H. Bolster.. 2.39 390~~

~~Dai.ly gage height, in. feet, ol ApTtomattor Riuer at Mattoar, Va.~~

~~.\lu. Apr. IIay. June. July. Sept.~~

0.72 | 0.8 t.2 .68 I .9 1.00 tt .88 I r.4 .99 . .. 4...... i .e8 I 2.05 1.7 5 ...... 1...... 38 1.03 | 2.9 5.05 6...... 05 .98 | 2.0 o-o a .12 95 | 1.4 el 8...... 15 82 | r.2 2.2 9...... i .ro 88 II I 1.9 10....."".. . .1....i .18 1.68 l 1.15 I _OD Ii...... ' . 1...... 18 1.2 | 1.1 1.04 12""""12.. -...... ""' ...' .. ..i.r' ...... ' ' .12 85 | 1.0 1.15 .04 .78 | .95 1.25 li ::: : l .06 85 | 1.0 1.3 .12 95 I .97 1.25 2.52 r .02 | .94 I-ID 17 3.75 0.9 11.0 1.0 18...... 2.25 .85 .86 i l I ,ao 1e...... ] 1.0 .85 | .99 1.75 .78 75 | .96 r_o .6 71.93 1.45 q, .6 65 | .90 1.0 .6 .65 | 1.05 |.42 3i :l .72 71.94 3.0 a 8l .e 3.92 0.; .8 1.5 | 1.0 4.5 .6 .6 1.05 I 1_9 3.0 .45 .65 8 | 2.93 9a .3 .75 | 1.7 2.05 .65 .8 | 1.2 2.0 2.5 85 1...... JAMES BIYER DRAINAGE BASIN. IND

~~Duily gage height, in feet, ol Appomattor Riaer at Mattoaa, Va._Con~~

~~Dav. Jan. Feb. [Iar. apr. NIay. July. {ug. Sept'.~~

1901. 1...... 3.0 2.2 11.5 12.5 ) 2.4 3.7 | r.4 19 3.4 5.7 1.5 i 1.8 2...... 2.7 2.1 | r.l 12.35 12.3 3.4 | 1.0 .9 3.0 3.55{ 1.5 1.75 2.t I 2.15 I 1.5 lrz.zzl zzr 3.05 I 3.I .8 2.8 3.0 11.5 11.8 Llo 2.2 r.55 | 14.6 | 2.2 3.0 2.1 2.6 2.8 | 1.55i 8.0 D. _.. _..... LO 3.4 1.5 lr5.72l 2.1 3.+ 1.4 .8 2.2 0...... I I 2.3 11.55 18.8 1.4 3.25 1.5 118.0 I 2.0 2.7 I 1.1 2.0 2.15 2.0 | 1.55t 4.5 7...... 1.9 2.5 i r.r 114.0 I 2.0 2 .5 | r.75 13.0 15 1.9 | 1.55 3.1 8...... 1.6 2.22 17.4 I 5.2 I 1.95 3.4 | 2.15 12.75 95 1.8 | 1.551 2.5 9...... 1.6 2.35 1.45 4.15 I 2.0 3.45 | 3.6 i4.0 9 r.8 I 1.5 | 2.45 10...... 1.5 1.85 2.5 I 3.5 I 4.95 2.5 | 2.85 15. o 3 1 .75 | 1.5 I 2.6 11...... 1.9 2.751 3151 3.051 5.5 2.2 3 12...... l3.6 3.55 1.7 | r.5 | 2.75 9.5 2.45 13.r5 12.75 1 6.0 2.15 | 2.25 2.9 I o 12.0 2151 3.0 I 2.5 I 3.0 r.9 1.9 2.75 8 25 14...... ,... I 13.0 2.0 12.2 14.5 12.r 1.8 4.2 8.3 2.0 2.2 lo.. .._ - 13.85 r.e 2.0 lti...... 113.5 | 2.0 1.9 ) 7.2 13.5. 1.6 2.0 6.0 8.0 1.8 I 1.8 r3.8 1.9 2.9 17.9 t2.8 1.9 9.5 17...... 3.55 r.851 17 117.5 J 1.85 3.4 t5.6 14.0 2.2 1.8 r0.2 18...... 3.5 1.85 1.6 | 16.5 | 1.8 4.4 3.9 14.25 2.I 1.7 1.45 I 10.6 19...... 3.4 1.75 1.5 | 4.7 I 1.7 4.15 1 3.95 5.0 4.2 1.651 1.451 3.5 20...... IA 21...... 85 28 | 3.2 4.5 5.45 1.551 r.451 2.75 lu 8 2.2 I2.ti 3.8 i.5 1..45 I 2.45 22...... 2.5 35 E 2.t5 1.9 1.5 I 1.451 2.3 2?...... 2.45 I5D 65 | lo.ti 2 I I 1.65 2.25 2.15 1.5 I 1.451 2.5 24...... 2.35 1.451 19 5.0 l1?.62 1.9 | 1.5 2.0 r.5 2.E 25...... 'D 13.2 | 1.45 I 1.75 1 4.4 124.6 1.8 | 1.2 11.5 I 1.5 15.3 13.5 26...... 3.05 1.6 3.1 | 21 9 ,7 | 3.8 1551 1.0 12.8 d |.45| 3.2 ) 4.8 2.82 1.8 8.1 3.35 I 16 e 1.{ 1.1 14.1 28...... I 1.5 2.5 | 7.5 2.5 1.55 1Lr 30 l14 l 1 4 I 3.0 14.I t.45 12.2 | 5.2 to 2.22 i65 127 114.6 r.45 I 3.25 o7 2.1 1.45i 2.15110.5 30...... 2.1 31...... 135 12.5 l5e r.55 I 1.75 11.5 1.151 1.75113.5 2.15 ]'*li'- 1.26 4.9 1.45 1...... 1 14.5 1902. lll 1...... 1A .O 5e I21.0 4.0 I7.0 r.6 I 3.1 2.0 0.6 1.612.517.4 2...... 22.0 5.e 1160 I 3.5 | 47 1 .6 3.3 1.5 .5 1.9 12.5 17.0 15.0 11.0 i 15.0 3.25 I 10 4...... t.5 1275 2.9 .5 2.1 | 2.5 110.0 11.5 L 12.0 3.1 4.0 r.5 | 1.8 2_0 .8 1.1 | 1.8 111.9 3.8 r2.0 10.0 13.1 14.5 1.4 1 .8 t.o 1.3 2.0 1.75 | 12.O 6...... 3.8 o 197 I 36 I 33 1.35 I (i 3.3 1.2 10.0 I 1.7 113.1 7...... 15 3 | 10.5 3.65 3.6 1 .25 1.65 12 8...... I | 2.0 1.0 11 .0 1 .75 .0 3 7 17.0 ) 8.0 I 3.8 1.3 1.65 4.2 .8' 11.5 1.? 9...... i 110.0 3 3 I 60 110.5 I 42 1.3 2.9 .lD 3.8 8.0 10...... i1.7 IO 5 | 0.5 11.0 I 3.5 1.3 I 1.7 r.oo 3.0 2.2 1.65 I 6.0 11...... 2 15 5.0 3.8 l, 1 110.9 I 1?5 I2.0 1.6 3.5 2.25 1 1.5 | 3.5 I 3 5.0 1 13...... 12.5 .25 1.3 3.6 4.7 | 1.45i 3.0 ID 3 4.15 2.45 r.2 1.3 r.7 1.3 7.8 1.4 2.5 1.1 I I 1 3 25 3.r5 ) 2.45 1.2 | 1.25 t.o 1.0 0.5 11.45 13.0 2.0 2.9 3.9 i 3551 2.45 1.2 I 1.0 2.6 .lD 3.081 1.5 | 3.1 2.7 2.9 3.7 3.5 12.5 1.2 \ .99 6.5 .7 2.35 17.4 | 3.2b 2.7 3.1 5.2 3.4 ) 2.2 9.0 | .e .65 2.011.413.35 3.0 8.0 3.2 19...... i 1295 9.5 I .8 2.0 .oo e5 15.0 17.5 2.45 2.95 6.2 3.2 2.2 r_o w...... | 9.5 L75 .6 85 19.0 i6.0 2.4 2.65 5.3 13.1 13.0 75t, .6 ,1 80 I t.2 65 18.0 14.5 2.35 3.0 4.5 13.0 1415 2.6 75 .6 515.013.55 I 22. . 9.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.3 2o It .8 45 L 2.8 I 8.5 ]10 ] roo HYDR,OGRAPEY OF VIRGINIA.

~~Daily gage height, i.n feet, of Appomattofr Riaer at Mattoar,I/a.-Con.~~

~~J ul-r'. Sept. __1: "ci._~~

1902. 10.0 I 10.0 3.9 2 I r.9 1.0 I 2.5 7.0 24...... 0.0 t12.0 365 2 85 2.O 1.6 \.4 I 1.25 2.35 4.0 25...... 4.5 t15.0 J. OO 75 2.1 3.0 .9 2 1.35 3.0 3.5 26...... 4.0 i18.0 3.45 75 3.0 .8 0 1:35 90 2.5 27...... 5.5 ;20.0 7 3.0 .85 35 |.25 9.0 28...... 82 j24o 3. 15 65 2.0 3.0 6 1.85 10.0 29...... 80 3.5 6 2.0 2.0 D' 6 r-.25 7.O 1 30...... 5.75 1.. .. 50 I 5 1.7 tDo t.2 1 8.2 3.35 31...... 5.9 1.ti5 2.2 3.E 3.35 'DD

~~1903.~~

1...... 3.38 4.9 8.35 13.5 3.65 2 DO l. ,o 11.4 1.6 |.75 1.9 2...... 3.0 4.25 9.9 14.5 3.4 J.IA 2 05 4.05 8.65 1 .45 1.95 I lL.2 3.9 7 .02 11.5 3.25 2.9 I 95 3.05 8.2 1.4 1.9 I 11.8 9.5 4.55 3.52 2.6 1 4.6 1.45 1.7 1.85 5...... 10.5 4.25 6.5 .1.0 2.4 I 75 2.6 2.9 l_co 2.25 1.8 6...... 14.0 10.5 4.0 D.O 3.55 1.4 0 2.01 2.55 LOO 3.3 1.8 1...,...,.,.., 16.0 11 .3 3.8 5.0 b.2 8 5 2.0 2.15 1.4 3.65 1.85 8...... 3 4.85 o.6 3.32 14.0 2 3 1.E 2.0 1.45 2.55 1.8 9...... 9.0 3.1 It 2 3 lot 1.95 3.0 2.1 1.85 10...... 8 7.38 10.0 2.95 7 1 95 LD 1.95 4.4 2.08 160 11...... 6.1 6.9 2.8 6 1 1.4 1.95 2.75 2.02 2.1 12...... 6.1 0 b6 ol 2.75 5 1 4.0 2.25 2.0 2.05 to..-....._.__. 4 7 6.5 4.95 2.7 5 4 2.9 1.95 1.95 2.1 14...... 0 65 D.J 14.5 2.(fi 4.0 10 4. tt 1 .95 r.75 1.9 2.7 5 0 4.5 15.05 2.$5 3 11 3.35 7 .75 1.95 2.75 i6...... 1 0 4.1 lc.o 3 13 2.6 1.tt 1 .65 I 2.8 5 14.9 3.8 16.35 2.45 2 |.75 1.65 1 1.E 18...... 5 15.9 3.6 6.O 2.4 2 2 2.1 4.1 2.95 LO 19...... z5 18.0 3.5 2.35 2 2 85 3.8 3.8 1.45 20 . . .' . . , ...... 90 18.0 3.35 4. /O 2 2 5 /.oo 2.98 7.7 21...... 8 15.9 3.25 2.25 2.35 2 35 5.2 1.8. LO 22 2 5.3 tt.9 7 .25 2.22 3.3 2 05 t.7 2.01 8.0 4.8 15.0 5.9 2.25 2.45 2 01 l.oo 1.85 2.13 4.5 I 4.35 19 .2 4.9 2 .25 I 8 1.9 t.o to 2.7 2 4.25 22.3 4.05 1 t.ao |.o 2.0 2.0 3.4 26...... /o 3.9 20.0 4.35 4.65 4 1 5 t.o 1 .45 2.05 2.0 3.1 27...... 3.65 3.6 77 .2 3.55 55 1 1.45 r.o 1.85 2.0 3. 15 28...... 5.25 4.6 6.6 o.o 7 I 35 2.0 1.45 1.75 2.0 29...... 9.0 Dta 4.35 4.2 5 1 ta 6.05 1.9 1.65 1.95 3.4 30 ...... 10.0 o_l 3.9 4.0 2.9 1 6.9 2.05 1 .65 2.0 2.25 31...... 6.3 13.5 4.0 1 3 9.9 1.6 2.5

~~1904.~~

1...... 2.7 3.5 55 .5 t.7 1.5 1.15 0.8 1.2 |.44 2.5 3.65 25 3.4 .0 4.45 1.4 ID 1.3 1.1 142 2.75 65 3.1 .7 9.05 1.85 1.4 .95 1.96 2.45 2.7 5 2.75 o 10.3 r.2 2.35 1.25 .85 2.9$ (i5 35 2.55 .35 t,o .9 1.35 .9 .85 |.26 2.84 2 1 2.55 .25 3.2 .8 1.25 1.4 .88 1.39 6.74 92 6.25 I 2.7 zls ,8 1.25 1. 15 .9 1.46 9.0 3.5 .5 2.25 .95 .95 .95 |.26 2_6 7.0 7 J.D 2.O5 .9 .85 .85 ,9 1.26 3.49 2.1 o 3.1 .0 1.95 r.lo d_ao 2.05 .88 1.22 2.84 JAMN]S RIVDR DIiAINAG]' BASIN. t57

~~Dailg gage height, in feet, ol Appomattor Eiaer at Mattoar, Vo.-Con.~~

~~NIay. ,Iune July. Aug. Sepi.~~

11. . . 2.05 4.5 11.2 2.95 o. /o lo 1..3 4.85 2.05 .95 t.22 49 72.,. 2.55 I 1.05 4.65 1.0 1. 19 1 3. 15 2.7 2 z.+o 3.05 7 t.02 .9 .92 1.64 49 14... 35 2.6 DO 2.3 5 1.1 t.o .8 .92 3.84 86 lt. . 25 I 2.25 05 4 1.15 t-ro 14.05 .86 o. oY t2 16... 25 2.75 ID 2.3 I 1.35 5D l.ro 15.3 .92 3.24 92 t7.. . 5 4.45 6 4 .8 1.0 t5.23 .83 2.N 2.54 lU... 2.2 3.5 3.65 2.25 .85 1.05 4.05 .92 2.08 24 19... 1 .85 2.4 3.5 2.r 5.1 4 .95 4.85 2.2 .89 r.76 62 , 20. .. 1.5 3.5 45 2.1 7.0 .0 e.lo 1.85 .83 1.66 44 L' 21... 1.85 at to 2.05 4.3 TD .65 1.10 1.55 1.84 1.67 22... 3.05 8.3 oo 2.0 15 1.1 1.35 1.4 1.86 l. oo 44 23... 3.5 fl.75 65 0 2.3 1.2 .8 2.75 1.93 r.67 02 24 .. 4.5 12.6 45 95 2.45 t.25 2.0 I.2 1.54 1.66 66 25... 3.8 12.85 45 0 2.2 1.05 4.8 1.05 1.2 1.14 t.77 6.26 26... 3.5 8.0 3.4 0 2.0 .95 3.75 .85 t.lo 1.09 1.51 6.69 27... 4. ti 95 1 .85 .v 2.5 .85 1.15 1.i6 1.44 5.44 28... 3.1 3.85 9.{) 1.75 3.95 2.65 .75 1.1 1 .19 1.36 5.39 90 3.0 4.15 8.4 1 .65 4.25 1.8 1.05 1.24 4.69 30... 1.6 4.45 1.65 3.0 2.0 .85 1 .65 1.11 1.42 3.49 31... 1 .65 85 t.o i.6 .85 1 .07 2.74

1...... 2.64 1 .84 t1 .4 2. 81 2.25 .92 .98 1.08 .98 1.35 2...... 2. 16 8.24 2. 65 2.01 5.08 .s2 .78 3.78 .88 1.3 1.28 a 2.36 2.59 8. i4 2. 48 1.93 3.28 ,7 11.92 .98 2.r2 4...... 2.62 2.56 5.6S z. 43 2.03 2.38 1.45 .7 72.22 1.05 1.3 8 2.89 2.42 2. 88 2.2r 1.98 |.82 .68 4.72 r.25 10 6...... 2.52 2.22 5.26 6. 48 2.15 1 .78 8.0 4.25 62 1.3 1.28 2 7...... 8.90 2.14 4.39 9. 08 2.63 1.7 4.65 3. 18 08 1.05 1 .35 9E 8...... 10.3 2.66 4.02 o. 45 2.78 r.7 3.72 1 .35 78 .88 t.42 82 9...... 10.7 3.21 3.92 25 2.68 1.82 2.92 2.82 58 .85 1.3 2.1 10...... 4.72 2.62 6.62 DC 2.28 2.58 1 .98 32 .98 1.28 6.85 11...... 3.84 89 7 .74 31 1.93 1.42 2.28 4.5 28 1.05 1.28 7.98 12...... 3.89 64 6.39 83. 10.7r 1 .35 1.68 1 .68 1 .18 5.r 13...... 8.81 24 4.89 10.98 1.28 1.72 3.65 38 2.55 1.22 3.1 14...... 9.3tt 46 4.54 53 7.03 1.28 4.42 4.88 28 2.82 1.22 2.38 ro.... 92 3.94 55 18 1.2 4.15 7.88 7.2 1.28 1.28 2.38 16...... 84 06 3.54 03 1 .08 2.7 oo 1.1 115 1.25 2.72 17 86 26 3.22 91 1.08 2.25 3.62 1.28 l_ro 1.3 3.18 18...... 32 64 3.16 88 31 12 r.45 3.38 2.r5 115 1.32 4.78 19...... 16 42 ?.02 35 o 1.32 2.08 2.68 Lro 1.18 5.7 20...... 94 19 2.96 15 43 38 1.2 1.6 2.05 1.12 1.25 8.5 82 5.19 91 78 t.42 1.48 1.58 1.22 1.38 14.5 M 8.12 4.69 81 4Z lo 2 t.4 oo 1 .18 1.5 13.35 2.46 9.71 58 28 8 1.3 35 1.15 r.4 13.6 39 10.5 3.52 45 2.08 62 1.18 25 1.1 1.28 t4.7 25...... 39 B5 1.93 58 I 1.12 I 1 .18 1.32 14.75 26...... 84 11 .3 ts.24 33 1 .81 1 1.42 3.4 32 1 35 1.32 26 11.7 4.04 43 2.05 58 516 L08 l .68 1 .35 3.88 28...... 79 rt7 4.92 68 3.18 28 1 .15 2.9 1.02 z.D r.32 3.4 29...... 64 3.84 DO 2.88 08 r.02 1.8 1.05 2.38 1.28 6.85 30...... 2.09 3.26 35 2.21 98 1.02 1.3 .98 2.58 t.32 8.3 31...... 2.02 2.99 2.95 1.05 t.25 1.45 8.38 I J:1 11\-DR,OGIiAPI1Y OF YIRGINIA.

~~Rating table for Appomattor Ri'uer at Mattoax, Va., t'rom May 1, 1901, to December 31, 1903~~

Gqop I oi'"t"'e"' li rtlt. Discharle ,tO Discharge. tt"ig'ht. lJrBcharge' "9i1i. ._l ]i Feet. )Secmd-feet, I Feet, Feet.eet. I senrualeet. Feet. Smd-feet. ] l 0.40 140 2.20 390 4.00 815 8.50 2 ,615 I ] 0 .50 150 2.30 4r0 4.20Ln ztlD4,7< 9.00 r R50

~~0.60 160 2.40 430 4.40 I 935 9. 50 3 ,090~~

0.70 t70 2.50 450 4.60 i 995 10.00 3 ,330 0.80 I80 2.60 473 4.80 1 ,065 10.50 3 ,575 0.90 190 2.70 496 5.00 I ,135 11.00 3 ,820 1.00 200 2.80 519 5.20 | ,205 11.50 4 ,065 r. r0 2r2 2.90 542 5.40 1 ,275 12 .00 4,3r0 qrl t.20 3 .00 DOO 5 .60 I ,345 12. 50 4,555 1 .30 237 3. 10 590 5.80 1 ,4t5 13.00 4,805 1.40 251 3.20 orc 6 .00 1 ,490 13 .50 5,055 1 .50 265 3.30 640 6.20 7 ,576 r4. 00 5 ,315 I .60 282 3.40 665 6.40 1,662 15.00 5,845 |.70 299 3.50 690 6.60 1 ,748 16 .00 6,395 1 .80 316 3.60 l lD 6 .80 I ,834 17.00 6 ,965 1 .90 333 3.70 740 7 .00 7 ,920 18 .00 /,DOO 2.00 350 3.80 /oo 7 ..50 2 ,150 19 .00 8,170 2.10 370 3.90 790 8.00 2 ,380 20.00 8,815

~~The above table is strictly applicable only for open channel conditions. It is basd upon discharge measremenis made during 1901 to 1903. JAMES RIVER DR,AINAGE BASIN. 159~~

~~Rating table lor Appomattoa Ri'aer at Mattoax,Va., lrom August 25,1900, to April 50, 1901, and. lrom ,Ianuary 1, 1904, to December 31, 1905'~~

~~t^ Gage Gage D'scbarge. j Discharse. Gage Discharge. IIeight. r-lnTi-[r. HeighL Height.~~

!ed. Secmd-led. Fed. Secmd-feel. Fwt. Secmd,-feet Fed. Secmd-ted)', 0.00 102 I .80 274 3. 60 626 6.80 1 ,736 0.10 109 1 .90 288 3. 70 652 7.00 1 ,820 0.20 116 2.O0 303 3.80 679 / .,Dt, 2 ,037 0.30 t24 2.r0 318 3.90 lUI 8.00 2,260 0.40 132 2.20 334 4.00 735 8.50 2,492 0. 50 140 2.30 350 4.20 793 9.00 2 ,730 0.60 148 2.40 367 4.40 853 9.50 2 ,977 0.70 156 2.50 385 4.60 915 10.00 3,230 0.80 r65 2.60 404 4.80 979 10. 50 3,490 0.90 174 2.70 423 5.00 I ,046 1r .00 3 ,750 r.00 183 2.80 443 5.20 I,l15 11.50 4,010 I .10 r92 2.50 464 5.40 1 ,187 12,00 4,270 I .20 202 3.00 485 5.60 1 ,26r t2.50 4,530 1.30 2L2 3. 10 507 5.80 I ,337 13.00 4,790 1.40 223 3.20 529 6.00 1 ,415 13.50 5 ,050 I. bU 235 3.30 552 6.20 1 ,493 14.00 5 ,310 1.60 247 3.40 D/O 6.40 r ,573 r.70 260 3. 50 601 6 .60 | ,654

The above table is strictly applicable only for open ehannel conditions. It is bared upon discharge measuements made during 1900 to 1905. Above gage height 145 feet this table is the same as the prereding table Estimates obtained {rom this end the precedirg table can only be considered approximate ol'ing to the continued souring and fillinc at the section. 160 HTDR,OGR,APIIY OF VIRGINIA.

~~Estbnated. monthly d:ischarge oJ Appomattor Rirser at Mattoar, Va. (Drainage area, 74b square milw.)~~

~~Discharge in semnd-feet. Rmofr. Precipit*tion,~~

~~I\Ionih, Ps Depth ceat In Ioss of Maximum. Minimum. pff. tn of u 8q, mL inchs. precipi. inch* inche, tation.~~

~~r900.~~

~~385 1rt 180 .242 .054 665 105 170 .228 .254 ; o~~

~~190r~~

5,232 223 941 t.26 1.45 44 3.34 1 .89 o/t) 229 320 | .430 .448 48 .94 .49 2 ,779 505 .678 .782 26 3 .05 2.27 /,ooo JO6 2 ,322 | 3.r2 3.48 56 5.99 2.51 t2,160 259 2 ,064 ) 2.77 3. 19 44 7 .26 4.07 935 251 477 | .640 .714 22 3.20 2.49 2,334 200 575 .772 .890 qi 3.67 2.78 6,115 t75 2,592 | 3.48 4.0r 31 13.06 9.05 I ,791 273 493 .662 .735 l8 4.20 3.46

~~1 ,380 258 360 i .483 .DO/ 160 . .JO _11 1 ,240 258 336 i .45r .503 1.06 .56 o ,o/o 307 1 ,489 I 2.00 2.31 +6 5.38 3.07~~

~~37 I 51.50 32.43 JA-NII'S }ITVER DIiAINAGE BASU\. 16J~~

~~Estimated manthlE d:ischarge of Appomattor Ri't:er at Mattoox, Va'-Con'~~

~~Dischuce in second-fmt. Ii----f--T- Maximum. IIinimum.~~

I ,7 10,200 350 1,684 12.26 iz.or \ 484 3.50 tt 11 ,700 2,50r13.36 ] ] I ,490 602 2 ,or4 I 2.70 i 3.rr , 76 ll 3,820 473 1,004 1.35 I 1.51 I uu L,520 290 601 i .81 i nt 54 3,090 224 6681 e0 I 1.00 I ,o 640 IOD 277\ rt .43 I I " I ,705 160 4s7 5e .68 tn l I t, 690 150 2461 .33 i .37 I 4,065 esL t.25 r.44 tn 2t2 \ l, I 3,330 251 s7711.18 1.32 I ] 'u 4,855 400 1 ,637 2.20 | 2.54 7l