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The Lutheran and Anglican Reformations Objectives Reformation

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The Lutheran and Anglican Reformations Objectives Reformation 2/23/2017 The Lutheran and Anglican Reformations Objectives • historical origins/causes • Lutheran reformation – 3 sources for chorales • Anglican reformation – anthems Reformation: origins • John Wyclif (1320‐1384) – opposed church wealth – English translation of Bible • humanism (back to the ancients) – Lorenzo Valla (1406‐1457) Donation of Constantine – Erasmus (1466‐1536) Novum testamentum 1 2/23/2017 Lutheran Reformation—Martin Luther • 10/31/1517: 95 Theses – in Wittenberg Germany – simony – indulgences – taxes Martin Luther on music (W/T 27) “next to the Word of God, music deserves the highest praise. She is a mistress of the governess of those human emotions—to pass over the animals—which as masters govern men or more often overwhelm them. For whether you wish to comfort the sad, to terrify the happy, to encourage the despairing, . what more effective means than music could you find?” Martin Luther on vernacular song (W/T 27) “I also wish that we had as many songs as possible in the vernacular which the people could sing during Mass, . For who doubts that originally all the people sang these which now only the choir sings or responds while the bishop is consecrating the host? . But poets are wanting among us, or not yet known, who could compose evangelical and spiritual songs.” 2 2/23/2017 Luther’s Views on Music, W/T 27 • music = second to theology • songs in the vernacular • congregational participation Music in the Lutheran Church • participation • vernacular – Deudsche messe (1526) • chorale – Monophonic, vernacular • three sources of Chorales – 1. adapt Gregorian Chant – 2. Contrafacta Contrafacta Greensleeves (original) What Child is This (contrafacta) Alas, my love, you do me wrong, What Child is this who, laid to rest To cast me off discourteously. On Mary’s lap is sleeping? For I have loved you well and long, Whom angels greet with anthems sweet Delighting in your company. While shepherds watch are keeping? Greensleeves was all my joy This, this is Christ the King, Greensleeves was my delight . Whom shepherds guard and angels sing . 3 2/23/2017 Music in the Lutheran Church • participation • vernacular – Deudsche messe (1526) • chorale – Monophonic, vernacular • three sources of Chorales – 1. adapt Gregorian Chant – 2. Contrafacta – 3. New tunes • aab: Bar form The Anglican Reformation England – Tudor Dynasty • separate music culture (from continental Europe) • Henry VII (r.1485‐1509) – unified England • Eton Choirbook (1490‐1502) – Wylkynson, Jesus autem trans. 4 2/23/2017 Robert Wylkynson, Jesus autem transiens/Credo (Eton Choirbook) England – Tudor Dynasty • separate music culture • Henry VII (r.1485‐1509) – unified England • Eton Choirbook (1490‐1502) – Wylkynson, Jesus autem trans. • Henry VIII (r.1509‐1547) – “Defender of the Faith” Anglican Reformation CatherineAnne ofBoleyn Aragon 5 2/23/2017 Anglican Reformation • Henry VIII – wants divorce – creates Anglican church • Book of Common Prayer Book of Common Prayer Anglican Reformation • Henry VIII – wants divorce – creates Anglican church • Book of Common Prayer • Anthem – verse anthem – full anthem • W. Byrd: Sing joyfully unto God, NAWM 46 6 2/23/2017 Byrd, Sing joyfully unto God, NAWM 49 • full anthem • text = psalm 81 [in English!] • free imitation – “Sing joy” • varying textures • text painting (madrigalisms) – instrument sounds conclusions • caused by need for divorce • new genres – anthems – new dislikes (“Popish” music) Conclusions • 1. reformations had profound effect on European culture – especially music – See NAWM 98 • 2. creation of new repertoires – chorale (three types) – anthems • 3. foundation for later composers 7.
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