The Use of Biofumigation Crops As an Alternative to Methyl Bromide for the Management of the Root-Knot Nematode in Greenhouse Cucumber Production Garabed Haroutunian
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Non-Fumigant Alternative Soil Management Practices for Mitigating Replant Disease of Fruit Trees
NON-FUMIGANT ALTERNATIVE SOIL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR MITIGATING REPLANT DISEASE OF FRUIT TREES: MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING TO PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS SUPPRESSION by Tristan Tanner Watson B.Sc. (Honours), The University of British Columbia, 2013 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE COLLEGE OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Biology) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Okanagan) April 2018 © Tristan Tanner Watson, 2018 The following individuals certify that they have read, and recommend to the College of Graduate Studies for acceptance, a dissertation entitled: NON-FUMIGANT ALTERNATIVE SOIL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR MITIGATING REPLANT DISEASE OF FRUIT TREES: MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING TO PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS SUPPRESSION submitted by Tristan Tanner Watson in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy . Dr. Louise Nelson, Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences Co-supervisor Dr. Thomas Forge, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Co-supervisor Dr. Melanie Jones, Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences Supervisory Committee Member Dr. José Úrbez-Torres, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Supervisory Committee Member Dr. Paul Shipley, Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences University Examiner Dr. Mario Tenuta, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba External Examiner ii Abstract Replant disease presents a significant barrier to the reestablishment of orchards. In the Okanagan Valley, Canada, the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, is widely distributed and implicated in poor growth of newly planted fruit trees. Restrictions on soil fumigants have generated interest in alternative management strategies for disease control. Using a combination of greenhouse and field experiments, this dissertation evaluated the effects of composts, bark chip mulch, biocontrol inoculation, and two different irrigation systems (drip emitter and microsprinkler) on the establishment of apple and sweet cherry trees in old orchard soil, P. -
Description of Pratylenchus Dunensis Sp. N. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae
Nematology, 2006, Vol. 8(1), 79-88 Description of Pratylenchus dunensis sp.n.(Nematoda: Pratylenchidae), a root-lesion nematode associated with the dune grass Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link ∗ Eduardo DE LA PEÑA 1, , Maurice MOENS 1,2, Adriaan VA N AELST 3 and Gerrit KARSSEN 4,5 1 Agricultural Research Centre, Crop Protection Department, Burg. van Gansberghelaan 96, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium 2 Gent University, Laboratory for Agrozoology, Coupure 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium 3 Wageningen University & Research Centre, Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Arboretumlaan 4, 6703 BD Wageningen, The Netherlands 4 Plant Protection Service, Nematology Section, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC Wageningen, The Netherlands 5 Wageningen University & Research Centre, Laboratory of Nematology, Binnenhaven 5, 6709 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands Received: 4 April 2005; revised: 7 November 2005 Accepted for publication: 7 November 2005 Summary – A root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus dunensis sp. n., is described and illustrated from Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link, a grass occurring abundantly in coastal dunes of Atlantic Europe. The new species is characterised by medium sized (454-579 µm) slender, vermiform, females and males having two lip annuli (sometimes three to four; incomplete incisures only visible with scanning electron microscopy), medium to robust stylet (ca 16 µm) with robust stylet knobs slightly set off, long pharyngeal glands (ca 42 µm), lateral field with four parallel, non-equidistant, lines, the middle ridge being narrower than the outer ones, lateral field with partial areolation and lines converging posterior to the phasmid which is located between the two inner lines of the lateral field in the posterior half of the tail, round spermatheca filled with round sperm, vulva at 78% of total body length and with protruding vulval lips, posterior uterine sac relatively short (ca 19 µm), cylindrical tail (ca 33 µm) narrowing in the posterior third with smooth tail tip and with conspicuous hyaline part (ca 2 µm). -
<I>Heterodera Glycines</I> Ichinohe
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research in Agronomy and Horticulture Agronomy and Horticulture Department Summer 8-5-2013 MULTIFACTORIAL ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) POPULATIONS IN SOYBEAN AND IN SOYBEAN FIELDS ANNUALLY ROTATED TO CORN IN NEBRASKA Oscar Perez-Hernandez University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/agronhortdiss Part of the Plant Pathology Commons Perez-Hernandez, Oscar, "MULTIFACTORIAL ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) POPULATIONS IN SOYBEAN AND IN SOYBEAN FIELDS ANNUALLY ROTATED TO CORN IN NEBRASKA" (2013). Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research in Agronomy and Horticulture. 65. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/agronhortdiss/65 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Agronomy and Horticulture Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research in Agronomy and Horticulture by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. MULTIFACTORIAL ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) POPULATIONS IN SOYBEAN AND IN SOYBEAN FIELDS ANNUALLY ROTATED TO CORN IN NEBRASKA by Oscar Pérez-Hernández A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of The graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: Agronomy (Plant Pathology) Under the Supervision of Professor Loren J. Giesler Lincoln, Nebraska August, 2013 MULTIFACTORIAL ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) POPULATIONS IN SOYBEAN AND IN SOYBEAN FIELDS ANNUALLY ROTATED TO CORN IN NEBRASKA Oscar Pérez-Hernández, Ph.D. -
JOURNAL of NEMATOLOGY Intraspecific Variation in Phenotypic
JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY Article | DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2020-102 e2020-102 | Vol. 52 Intraspecific variation in phenotypic and phylogenetic features among Pratylenchus penetrans isolates from Wisconsin, USA Kanan Saikai and Ann E. MacGuidwin* Abstract Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Pratylenchus penetrans is a common and important agricultural pest 484 Russell Laboratories, 1630 in Wisconsin, a USA state with a diverse agriculture. We compared Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706. populations from around the state to each other and to data published for populations around the world to gain insight on the variability of *E-mail: [email protected] features important for identification of this cosmopolitan species. This paper was edited by Thirteen isolates from samples collected in soybean fields in ten Zafar Ahmad Handoo. Wisconsin counties were established in monoxenic cultures. Analysis of morphological features revealed the least variable feature for all Received for publication isolates collectively was vulva percentage. Features less variable within August 3, 2020. than among isolates were body width, lip region height, and stylet length. Some isolates showed only the smooth tail tip phenotype and others had a mix of smooth and annulated tail phenotypes. A suite of features provided sufficient pattern to group isolates into four clusters according to hierarchical agglomerative clustering and canonical discriminative analyses, but not with enough distinction to be useful for classification. Haplotype analysis based on the COI mitochondrial gene of the 13 cultured isolates, 39 Wisconsin field populations, and published sequences representing five additional USA states and six countries revealed 21 haplotypes, 15 of which occurred in Wisconsin. -
Cordoba Biology Society (Sociedad De Biología De Córdoba)
BIOCELL ISSN 0327 - 9545 2004, 28(2): 171-199 PRINTED IN ARGENTINA Cordoba Biology Society (Sociedad de Biología de Córdoba) Abstracts from the XIV Annual Scientific Meeting Edited by Lic. Ana Laura Correa & Dra. Graciela Racagni August, 7-9, 2003 Villa General Belgrano, Córdoba, Argentina 172 ABSTRACTS BIOCELL, 28(2), 2004 Board of the Society 2001-2003 PRESIDENT Dr. Ismael E. di Tada VICEPRESIDENT Dr. Mario Guido SECRETARY Dra. Graciela Racagni TREASURER Dr. César Casale MEMBERS Dra. Stella Castro Dr. Carlos Coronel Dra. Mónica Garrido Dra. Edith Taleisnik Dr. Guillermo Yudosky Dra. Silvia Milrad Dra. Mirta Koncurat Dr. Marcelo Doucet Dra. María Ester Cobe Dra. Adriana Vivas Dr. Luis Patrito GOVERNAMENTAL SPONSORS Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Agencia Córdoba Ciencia Sociedad del Estado (ACC SE) Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC) Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (SCyT-UNRC) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales UNRC (FCEFQyN-UNRC) Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Asociación de Biología de Tucumán Sociedad de Biología de Cuyo Sigma Xi, The Scientific Society PRIVATE SPONSORS Carl Zeiss Argentina SA Papelería Gassó Copiacentro H. D. Zanini BIOCELL, 28(2), 2004 ABSTRACTS 173 1. 2. PHOTODYNAMIC STUDIES OF CATIONIC PORPHYRIN STUDIES PHARMACOKINETIC AND PHOTOTHERA- 5-(4-TRIMETIHYL AMMONIUM PHENYL) - 10, 15, 20 - PEUTIC OF CP AND CF3 PORPHYRINS IN VIVO: APPLI- TRIS (2, 4, 6 – TRIMETHOXY PHENYL) PORPHYRIN: BIO- CATION OF PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY LOGICAL CONSEQUENCES IN A HUMAN CARCINOMA Alvarez MG, Rumie Vittar NB, Principe F, Milanesio ME, Durantini CELL LINE EN, Bertuzzi M, Rivarola V. -
Nematode Control Alternatives
Nematodes: ATTRA Alternative Controls A Publication of ATTRA - National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service • 1-800-346-9140 • www.attra.ncat.org By Martin Guerena This publication provides general information on the tiny worm-like organisms called nematodes. It NCAT Agriculture contains detailed descriptions of the genera of nematodes that attack plants, as well as various methods Specialist to diagnose, discourage, and manage plant parasitic nematodes in a least toxic, sustainable manner. © 2006 NCAT Contents Introduction Introduction ..................... 1 ematodes are Symptoms and tiny, worm-like, Sampling .......................... 4 Nmulticellular Preventing Further animals adapted to liv- Spread of Nematodes ....................... 4 ing in water. The num- ber of nematode species Managing Soil Biology ............................... 5 is estimated at half a Crop Rotations and mil lion, many of which Cover Crops ...................... 6 are “free-living” types Botanical found in the oceans, Nematicides ..................... 9 in freshwater habitats, Biocontrols ...................... 10 and in soils. Plant-par- Plant Resistance ............11 asitic species form a Red Plastic Mulch ......... 12 smaller group. Nema- www.insectimages.org Solarization .................... 13 todes are common Flooding .......................... 13 in soils all over the Root-knot nematode—Meloidogyne brevicauda Loos Summary ......................... 13 world (Dropkin, 1980; ©Jonathan D. Eisenback, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University References ..................... 14 Yepsen, 1984). As a commentator in the early Further Resources ........17 twentieth cen tury wrote: genera and species have particu lar soil and Web Resources ..............17 climatic requirements. For example, cer- Suppliers .......................... 18 If all the matter in the universe except the tain species do best in sandy soils, while nematodes were swept away, our world would oth ers favor clay soils. -
Genus Pratylenchus Filipjev: Multientry and Monoentry Keys and Diagnostic Relationships (Nematoda: Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae)
© Zoological Institute, St.Petersburg, 2002 Genus Pratylenchus Filipjev: multientry and monoentry keys and diagnostic relationships (Nematoda: Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae) A.Y. Ryss Ryss, A.Y. 2002. Genus Pratylenchus Filipjev: multientry and monoentry keys and diag- nostic relationships (Nematoda: Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae). Zoosystematica Rossica, 10(2), 2001: 241-255. Tabular (multientry) key to Pratylenchus is presented, and functioning of the computer- ized multientry image-operating key developed on the basis of the stepwise computer diagnostic system BIKEY-PICKEY is described. Monoentry key to Pratylenchus is given, and diagnostic relationships are analysed with the routine taxonomic methods as well as with the use of BIKEY diagnostic system and by the cluster tree analysis using STATISTICA program package. The synonymy Pratylenchus scribneri Steiner in Sherbakoff & Stanley, 1943 = P. jordanensis Hashim, 1983, syn. n. is established. Con- clusion on the transition from amphimixis to parthenogenesis as one of the leading evolu- tionary factors for Pratylenchus is drawn. A.Y. Ryss, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St.Petersburg 199034, Russia. Identification of nematode species is difficult diagnostic system, and by the cluster tree analy- because of relative poverty and significant sis using STATISTICA program package intraspecific variability of diagnostic characters. (STATISTICA, 1995). The genus Pratylenchus Filipjev is an example of a group with large number of species (49 valid Material and the basic information sources species, more than 100 original descriptions) and complicated diagnostics. The genus has a world- The collections of the following institutions wide distribution and economic importance as were used in research: Zoological Institute, Rus- its species are the dangerous parasites of agri- sian Academy of Sciences; Institute for Nema- cultural crops. -
Root‐Lesion Nematodes of Potato
Root‐lesion nematodes of potato: current status of diagnostics, pathogenicity and management by Orlando, V., Grove, I.G., Edwards, S.G., Prior, T., Roberts, D., Neilson, R. and Back, M. Copyright, publisher and additional information: this is the author accepted manuscript. The final published version (version of record) is available online via Wiley. This article may be used for non‐commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self‐Archiving. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13144 Orlando, V., Grove, I.G., Edwards, S.G., Prior, T., Roberts, D., Neilson, R. and Back, M. Root‐lesion nematodes of potato: current status of diagnostics, pathogenicity and management. Plant Pathology. 14 January 2020 Root-lesion nematodes of potato: current status of diagnostics, pathogenicity and management Valeria Orlando 1*, Ivan G. Grove1, Simon G. Edwards1, Tom Prior2, David Roberts 3, Roy Neilson3, Matthew Back1 1 Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK 2 Fera Science Ltd., Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK 3 The James Hutton Institute, Ecological Sciences, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK Article * Corresponding author email: [email protected] Keywords: Complex disease, damage thresholds, plant parasitic nematodes, Pratylenchus penetrans, resistance, Rhizoctonia solani, Solanum tuberosum, Verticillium dahliae ABSTRACT Root-lesion nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus are migratory endoparasites with worldwide economic impact on several important crops including potato, where certain species like P. penetrans, P. neglectus and P. scribneri reduce the yield and quality of potato tubers. Morphological identification of Pratylenchus spp. is challenging, and recent advancements in molecular techniques provide robust and rapid diagnostics to differentiate species without need of specialist skills. -
JOURNAL of NEMATOLOGY a COI DNA Barcoding Survey of Pratylenchus Species in the Great Plains Region of North America
JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY Article | DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2019-081 e2019-81 | Vol. 51 A COI DNA barcoding survey of Pratylenchus species in the Great Plains Region of North America Mehmet Ozbayrak,1 Tim Todd,2 Timothy Harris,1 Rebecca Higgins,1 Kirsten Powers,1 Peter Mullin,1 Abstract 1 1 Lisa Sutton and Thomas Powers * Pratylenchus species are among the most common plant parasitic 1Department of Plant Pathology, nematodes in the Great Plains Region of North America. Our goal University of Nebraska-Lincoln, was to survey Pratylenchus species diversity across the Great Plains Lincoln, NE, 68583-0722. region using a mitochondrial COI DNA barcode. The objectives were to (i) determine species boundaries of the common Pratylen- 2 Department of Plant Pathology, chus species within the region, (ii) assess the host associations of Kansas State University, the barcoded Pratylenchus specimens, and (iii) determine Pratylen- Manhattan, KS, 66502. chus distribution patterns throughout the region. A total of 860 soil *E-mail: [email protected] samples, primarily associated with eight major crops, were collect- ed from Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, and This paper was edited by Wyoming. From this total, 246 soil samples provided the majority of Erik J. Ragsdale. 915 individual nematode specimens that were amplified by PCR and Received for publication May 24, sequenced for a 727 to 739 bp region of COI. Maximum likelihood, 2019. neighbor-joining, and Bayesian phylogenetic trees all recognized 19 distinct and well-supported haplotype groups. The most common and widespread haplotype group, representing 53% of all specimens was P. neglectus, detected from 178 fields in 100 counties and as- sociated with fields growing wheat, corn, dry beans, barley, alfalfa, sugar beets, potatoes, and a vineyard. -
Biology and Molecular Characterisation of the Root Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus Curvicauda
Biology and Molecular Characterisation of the Root Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus curvicauda This thesis is presented by FARHANA BEGUM For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre (SABC), Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia July 2017 Declaration I declare that this is my own account of my research and contains as its main content, work which has not previously been submitted for a degree at any tertiary educational institution. FARHANA BEGUM ii Abstract Australia is the driest inhabited continent with about 70% of the land arid or semi- arid, and soils which are geologically old, weathered, and many are infertile. This is a challenging environment for agricultural production, which is further impacted by biotic constraints such as root lesion nematodes (RLNs), Pratylenchus spp. These soil-borne nematodes cause significant economic losses in yields of winter cereals, and in other crops, particularly under conditions of moisture and nutrient stress. RLNs are widely distributed in Australian broadacre cropping soils, and losses in cereal production are greater when more than one RLN species is present, a situation which often occurs in Western Australia (WA). Hence, to develop appropriate management regimes, accurate identification of RLN species is needed, combined with understanding the biology of host-nematode interactions. The initial aim of this research was to extend the molecular and biological characterisation of P. quasitereoides, a recently described species of root lesion nematode from WA. Morphological measurements of two important characters, tail shape and the per cent distance of the vulva from the anterior end of the nematode body, were made from nematodes collected from the four locations of WA. -
Cultural Practices for the Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes, Vol
ORNAMENTALS July-August 1988 Vol.12, Issue 4 NORTHWEST Nancy S. Hill ARCHIVES Pages 7-9 CULTURAL PRACTICES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES1 Nurserymen face many decisions in their efforts to profitably produce healthy, quality trees and shrubs. For any given commodity, the grower must consider economic, environmental, and practical constraints when deciding what variety or cultivar to grow, what site to choose, and what management methods to employ throughout a production cycle. No management scheme should overlook the potential of pests, including parasitic nematodes, to reduce nurserystock quality and profitability. Plant parasitic nematodes are roundworms (Phylum Nematoda) barely visible to the naked eye. They destroy or impair plant roots by direct feeding or by promoting fungal and bacterial decay. Infested plants may be stunted, off-color, lack vigor, or exhibit loss of drought and winter hardiness. Background - In the past, a heavy emphasis was placed on nematicides for controlling parasitic nematodes. However, complete control may not be achieved with nematicides and is usually temporary. The philosophy of using chemicals as a sole management tool to "control" nematodes has become obsolete. Strategies to "manage" nematodes are now based on keeping nematode populations below levels where damage causes economic losses to the host crop. And, with recognition of the economic and environmental costs associated with using chemicals, nematode management should integrate cultural, biological, and chemical tactics. Management with biocontrol organisms involves stimulation or introduction of natural predators and parasites. Predators include other nematodes, soil arthropods such as mites and collembola, and protozoa. Fungi and bacteria are the most important parasites. -
Marigold, Castor Bean, and Chrysanthemum As Controls of Meloidogyne Incognita and Pratylenchus Alleni ~
Marigold, Castor Bean, and Chrysanthemum as Controls of Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus alleni ~ R. W. HACKNEY 2 and O. J. DICKERSON ~ Abstract: Root and soil populations of Meloidogyne incognita were significantly fewer from marigold, castor bean, and chrysanthemum than from tomato roots and soil, but not from fallow soil. Root populations of Pratvlenchus alleni were significantly fewer from marigold, castor bean, and chrysanthemum than from tomato: marigold had the fewest. Root populations of M. incognita and P. alleni from tomato simultaneously cultiwued with marigold, castor bean, and chrysanthemum were significantly fewer than from tomato cultivated alone. Aborted giant cells and dead M. incognita (larvae and females) were observed in roots of marigold and castor bean, but not in chrysanthemum or tomato. Significantly more males than females occurred in castor bean roots. lnfcction sites of P. alleni appeared normal in all hosts. Thin-layer and column chromatography of alcoholic extracts from castor bean revealed no nematicidal thiophenc derivatives, Key Words: resistance, thiophenc dcri,~at ives. As part of a field experiment, we tested thiophene derivatives similar to those nematicides against Pratylenchus spp. on reported from Tagetes spp. pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in soil where castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) had MATERIALS AND METHODS been grown the previous year. Nematode counts made during the growing season Experimental design: The greenhouse indicated that few PraO'lenchus spp. were in experiment was completely randomized. Data the control plots in that area. Further, were evaluated by a four-way analysis of nematode populations in castor bean soil with variance where the matin effects were: (i) hosts no nematicides were similiar to those in (marigold, castor bean, chrysanthemum, nematicide-treated plots where corn had been tomato, or fallow); (ii) nematodes (P.