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GS Prelims 10 Years' Papers: Insights & Strategy Art & Culture, Ancient and Medieval History

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GS Prelims 10 Years' Papers: Insights & Strategy Art & Culture, Ancient and Medieval History GS Prelims 10 Years’ Papers: Insights & Strategy Art & Culture, Ancient and Medieval History Copyright © 2016 by Vision IAS. [www.visionias.in] Subject, Topic & Expert Art & Culture Religious Philosophy Copyright © 2016 by Vision IAS. [www.visionias.in] Subject, Topic & Expert Buddhism/Jainism • 11 questions so far • Fundamental Copyright © 2016 by Vision IAS. [www.visionias.in] Subject, Topic & Expert Buddhism Q1. With reference to the religious history of India, consider the following statements: (2017) 1. Sautrantika and Sammitiya were the sects of Jainism. 2. Sarvastivadin held that the constituents of phenomena were not wholly momentary, but existed forever in a latent form. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Copyright © 2016 by Vision IAS. [www.visionias.in] Subject, Topic & Expert Q2. The painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani is one of the most famous and oft-illustrated paintings at (2017) (a) Ajanta (b) Badami (c) Bagh (d) Ellora Copyright © 2016 by Vision IAS. [www.visionias.in] Subject, Topic & Expert Copyright © 2016 by Vision IAS. [www.visionias.in] Subject, Topic & Expert Q3. With reference to the religious history of India, consider the following statements : (2016) 1. The concept of Bodhisattva is central to Hinayana sect of Buddhism. 2. Bodhisattva is a compassionate one on his way to enlightenment. 3. Bodhisattva delays achieving his own salvation to help all sentient beings on their path to it. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Copyright © 2016 by Vision IAS. [www.visionias.in] Subject, Topic & Expert Q4. Which of the following kingdoms were associated with the life of the Buddha?(2015 and 2014) 1. Avanti 2. Gandhara 3. Kosala 4. Magadha Select the correct answer using the codes given below. (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 3 and 4 only Copyright © 2016 by Vision IAS. [www.visionias.in] Subject, Topic & Expert Copyright © 2016 by Vision IAS. [www.visionias.in] Subject, Topic & Expert • Ministry of Tourism (MoT) launched the Swadesh Darshan Scheme (Central Sector Scheme)– for integrated development of 15 theme based tourist circuits in the country in 2014-15. Scheme Objectives • To position tourism as a major engine of economic growth and job creation; • Develop circuits having tourist potential in a planned and prioritized manner; • Promote cultural and heritage value of the country to generate livelihoods in the identified regions; • Enhancing the tourist attractiveness in a sustainable manner by developing world class infrastructure in the circuit /destinations; • Follow community based development and pro-poor tourism approach; • Creating awareness among the local communities about the importance of tourism for them in terms of increased sources of income, improved living standards and overall development of the area. • To create employment through active involvement of local communities Copyright © 2016 by Vision IAS. [www.visionias.in] Subject, Topic & Expert Definition of Tourist Circuit • Tourist Circuit is defined as a route having at least three major tourist destinations which are distinct and apart. • Circuits should have well defined entry and exit points. A tourist who enters should get motivated to visit most of the places identified in the circuit. • A Circuit could be confined to a State or could be a regional circuit covering more than one State/Union Territory. These circuits may have one dominant theme and other sub-themes. Copyright © 2016 by Vision IAS. [www.visionias.in] Subject, Topic & Expert SWADESH DHARSHAN (2014-15) PRASAD SCHEME (2014-15) The scheme is a National Mission on Pilgrimage Swadesh dharshan is a theme based tourist circuit’s Rejuvenation and Spiritual Augmentation Drive (PRASAD) development scheme. focus is on development and beautification of the identified pilgrimage destinations Under the Swadesh Darshan scheme, the following thematic • Under the PRASAD scheme thirteen sites have circuits have been identified, for development namely: been identified for development, namely: 1. North-East India Circuit Amritsar, Ajmer, Dwaraka, Mathura, Varanasi, 2. Buddhist Circuit 3. Himalayan Circuit Gaya, Puri, Amaravati, Kanchipuram, 4. Coastal Circuit Vellankanni, Kedarnath, Kamakhya and Patna. 5. Krishna Circuit • In 2016-17, 12 more sites were added in the 6. Desert Circuit scheme for development namely Ayodhya (Uttar 7. Tirthankar circuit Pradesh), Badrinath (Uttarakhand), Belur (West 8. Tribal Circuit Bengal), Deoghar (Jharkhand), Guruvayur 9. Eco Circuit 10. Wildlife Circuit (Kerala), Hazratbal and Katra (Jammu & 11. Rural Circuit Kashmir), Omkareshwar (Madhya 12. Spiritual Circuit Pradesh), Somnath (Gujarat), Srisailam and 13. Sufi circuit Tirupati (Andhra Pradesh), Trimbakeshwar 14. Ramayana Circuit (Maharashtra). 15. Heritage Circuit. Copyright © 2016 by Vision IAS. [www.visionias.in] Subject, Topic & Expert Copyright © 2016 by Vision IAS. [www.visionias.in] Subject, Topic & Expert Q5. Which one of the following describes best the concept of Nirvana in Buddhism?(2013) (a) The extinction of the flame of desire (b) The complete annihilation of self (c) A state of bliss and rest (d) A mental stage beyond all comprehension Copyright © 2016 by Vision IAS. [www.visionias.in] Subject, Topic & Expert Q6. With reference to the history of ancient India, which of the following was/were common to both Buddhism and Jainism? (2012) 1. Avoidance of extremities of penance and enjoyment. 2. Indifference to the authority of the Vedas. 3. Denial of efficacy of rituals. Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Copyright © 2016 by Vision IAS. [www.visionias.in] Subject, Topic & Expert Q7. Lord Buddha‟s image is sometimes shown with the hand gesture called „Bhumisparsha Mudra‟. It symbolizes. (2012) (a) Buddha‟s calling of the Earth to watch over Mara and to prevent Mara from disturbing his meditation. (b) Buddha‟s calling of the Earth to witness his purity and chastity despite the temptations of Mara. (c) Buddha‟s reminder to his followers that they all arise from the Earth and finally dissolve into the Earth, and thus this life is transitory. (d) Both the statements (a) and (b) are correct in this context. Copyright © 2016 by Vision IAS. [www.visionias.in] Subject, Topic & Expert Copyright © 2016 by Vision IAS. [www.visionias.in] Subject, Topic & Expert Q8. Why did Buddhism start declining in India in the early medieval times?(2010) 1. Buddha was by that time considered as one of the incarnations of Vishnu and thus became a part of Vaishnavism. 2. The invading tribes from Central Asia till the time of last Gupta king adopted Hinduism and persecuted Buddhists. 3. The Kings of Gupta dynasty were strongly opposed to Buddhism. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Copyright © 2016 by Vision IAS. [www.visionias.in] Subject, Topic & Expert • Reasons for decline in Buddhism 1. Decline of royal patronage 2. Brahmanical revival under Guptas and by Sankaracharya 3. Internal weaknesses in Buddhism – division into sects, corruption, etc 4. Assimilation with Hinduism – Buddha considered as one of the avatars of Vishnu 5. Foreign invasions and attack by foreigners 6. Socio-economic cause - The land system and the structure of land holding in India underwent a transformation. There grew a large number of intermediaries over the land.The Buddhist religion preaching equality of man and castelessness did not suit the interests of this new intermediary class. Brahmanical religion preaching caste distinctions and converting tribals into lower caste Sudras served the interests of this intermediary class. Copyright © 2016 by Vision IAS. [www.visionias.in] Subject, Topic & Expert However, Buddhism did not decline to a greater extent esp during Gupta pd • Some Gupta kings extended patronage to Buddhism as well. Kumaragupta 1 and Budhagupta built monasteries at Nalanda. • The most renowned Buddhist monastery and educational centre of Nalanda flourished during Gupta period • Many Indian monks were actively engaged in spreading Buddhism to different parts of Asia during this period. Monks like Kumarajiva (5th century ) and Paramartha (6th century ) were sent by Gupta kings to China as part of royal emissaries • Fa hien mentions flourishing conditions and property holdings of monasteries in North India. Copyright © 2016 by Vision IAS. [www.visionias.in] Subject, Topic & Expert About Buddhism • Buddhist Councils – There have been 4 Buddhist Councils Ist Buddhist Council – Rajgriha, Sattapani Caves under the patronage of king Ajatashatru with the monk Mahakasyapa presiding it. Upali, one of the chief disciples, recited the Vinaya Pitaka, or rules of the Order, as he recalled having heard the way Buddha gave them. Another disciple, Ananda, recited the Sutta Pitaka, the great collection of the Buddha's sermons on matters of doctrine and ethics. 2nd Buddhist Council: Vaishali, one hundred years after the Buddha's death. under the patronage of Kalasoka, presided by Sabakami schism raised its head, ostensibly over small points of monastic discipline, and the Order broke into two sections, that of the orthodox Sthaviravadins ( Pali Theravadi) or "Believers in the Teaching of the Elders", and that of the Mahasanghikas or "Members of the Great Community". Copyright © 2016 by Vision IAS. [www.visionias.in]
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