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Memorial Day Martyrs of Labor (See Page 3) THE MILITANT PUBLISHED WEEKLY IN THE INTERESTS OF THE W ORKINC PEOPLE Vol. XXI - No. 21 NEW YORK, N. Y., MONDAY, MAY 27, 1957 PRICE 10c Standing Up for Freedom March On Washington Showed Determination To Win Equal Rights Excellent Union Turnout The Union Train Rally Hailed From District 65 in N.Y. Each Note By Henry Gitano “Stand back and let ’em through,” is what the gateman shouted as New. York’s union train-contingent Of Militancy arrived to be “counted! in” at the nationwide mass demon­ By John Thayer stration against Jim Grow in Washington. It was a Part of the estimated 27,000 persons who demonstrated against Jim Crow by,- attending monumental event, this vanguard army that expanded By' special trains and buses, the “Prajter Pilgrimage For Freedom” in Washington, D. C., May 17. People above stood on chartered planes, motorcades Montgomery’s and Tallahasse’sJ the asphalt road curving around the Lincoln'Memorial throughout the 316-hour meeting. The and every means of individual mass action pattern to the na- for a high purpose. A Spanish size of the crowd was difficult to estimate since it could not be seen as a whole frpm any travel thousands of Negro free­ tional scene. speaking member of 65 said: “I point. believe in brotherhood against dom fighters from every corner This vast delegation did not discrimination. We are demon­ of the country marched on Wash­ come to lobby, nor did they come strating that we are united and ington for the May 17 prayer merely to hear speeches or ready to fight for one another. pilgrimage.’The great throng of to pray. They came as one I had to fight for the govern­ some 27,000 gathered at worker from District 65 said: American Forum Target ment in World War II,. this noon before the Lincoln Memorial “Because I feel this is the time we’re fighting for our­ for three hours of prayer and greatest thing that ever hap­ selves.” John Meegan of Local protest against Jim Crow. The pened in America. This brings 2, District 65, said: “The his­ size of the meeting and the Of Witch-Hunting Attack us closer together. In unity tory of our union is one long great distances traveled by the there is strength, and we are audience made it the most im­ By Harry Ring fight against segregation and purpose of American Forum “is marching together; • alone you for equality.” Another 65er said: pressive demonstration for civil “Pilgrims” arriving in Washington, I). C. aboard the train The newly organized American Forum — For So­ believed to be to furnis'h a can’t do anything, together we “We’ll flush this administration rights to date. chartered by various unions in the New York City area to respectable front organization for Can win.” out of their fox-holes and make Integrated in the audience and cialist Education, dedicated to promoting a free exchange carry members to the Prayer . Pilgrimage, May 17. The largest the U.S. Communist Party.” It How much more powerful this them conscious of what’s going in their mode of transportation of all socialist viewpoints, has become the target Q,f a union contingent came from District 65 of the Retail Wholesale goes on to suggest that “the demonstration could . have been, on. We want a living and prac­ were some two or three thou­ attack by the SenateS> and Department Store Union which had eleven cars on the witch-hunt Senate Internal Security Sub­ had the officialdom of the tical democracy, not a pious sand white supporters of the Internal Security Subcommittee Amcndments in refusing to committee look into this mob powerful American labor move­ election-day-speech democracy.” train. fight against race discrimina­ headed by racist Senator East­ testify about the American Forum without delay'; also that the A t­ ment done more than pay mere On the return trip, there was tion. Many of these were from land (D-Miss.) New York news­ and told the committee that its torney General make inquiries as lip service to it, is dramatized the same sense of comradeship, union delegations, antr-racist papers have joined the smear questions “could not conceivably to whether he oughtn’t to add it by what District 65 achieved. organizations and the various serve any valid legislative pur­ ther-e was singing and there against the organization which is In contrast to the labor “states­ Many Youth ‘Pilgrims’ components of the socialist pose.” He was also quizzed, ac­ (Continued on page 4) was the feeling expressed by a headed by the well known pacifist, men” who are afraid and in- movement. The license plates cording to the Daily Worker 65er that: “The handwriting is A. J. Muste. (See editorial, page capable of mobilizing- mass and signs on the endless rows report, regarding the Socialist on the wall. I’ll go to Washing- threei) action, New York’s District 65, In Baltimore Contingent of parked ears and buses which Unity Forum, which is sponsored ton again tomorrow if we’re Five people have been sub­ Retail, Wholesale and Depart­ called to go. We are on the By Fred Halstead occupied every inch of curb poenaed by the Senate committee by the Committee for Socialist Rarick Takes space for about three miles ment Store Union filled up move. It was not as big as and hospitals, the segregated which is seeking “information” Unity. To obtain another view of the around the Lincoln Memorial eleven complete coaches on the possible, but this is only the housing. He said there had been about the American ¡Forum as it The attempt to depict the May 17 Prayer Pilgrimage, I ac­ Freedom Train, besides three beginning. Whenever we of Dis­ some changes in the past 10 testified to the truly national relates to “current methods. of American Foriim as a “Com­ companied the bus caravan from character of the turnout. Peo­ Stand Against buses and 35 cars. Twelve trict 65 do anything, we’ve year's, but that they had to be Communist infiltration,” accord­ munist front” is particularly Baltimore, a border-state city ple from at least 36 states had hundred District 65 unionists always got a lot of spirit.” fought for. '‘We’ve organized ing to a report in the May 19 crude in that its 40-member na­ with a large Negro population, rrfade the journey and iti is sacrificed a day’s wages in ad­ From th e start, District some picket lines,” he said. N. Y. Herald Tribune. The five tional committee represents a only an hour’s ride from Wash­ dition to paying their own fare 65 threw its full weight behind I mentioned- the importance of probable that the other twelve are: Albert Blumberg of the broad spectrum of socialist view­ Senate Probe ington, D.C. in support of the fight against the Pilgrimage. Workers were (having a large pilgrimage from states were represented to one Communist Party, Clifford T. points. Many members of the YOUNGSTOWN — Declaring The Baltimore section of the extent or another. discrimination everywhere. urged to get together in in­ Baltimore, since it is so close to McAvoy, chairman of the Com­ committee have a long public Pilgrimage was organized almost that he has changed his mind as On the 65 Union Train there dividual shops and plan to march 'Washington and relatively little mittee for Socialist Unity, Mil­ record of political opposition to entirely through the various N. Y. SENDS 11,000 a result of ¡numerous discussions was a joyous mood. Singing, from as a unit. The union guaranteed sacrifice was involved in making, ton Zaslow of the same organiza­ the program of the Communist with rank-and-file steel workers, churches in the Negro communi­ The biggest turnout was from spirituals to calypso to Mexican that no disciplinary action would the trip. He agreed, then nodded tion, Bert Cochran, editor bf the Party. ty. By eight o’clock in the morn­ New York City which sent Donald C. Rarick took a strong love songs, filled the coaches. I be taken for absenteeism on to. a young man nearby. “His ing of May 17, a small crowd had some 11,000. Over 1,500' of these magazine American Socialist, This well-established fact has, stand, May 14, in opposition to asked a District 65 member May 17. A union spokesman ‘gathered in front of the Gillis foreman gave him fhe day off to arrived on two special trains — and the economist Victor Perlo. of course, not served to inhibit the the McClellan Committee’s anti- about the spirited atmosphere: attributed the solid turnout to make the trip,” said the Rev- unioon probe. ,Rarick, who piled Memorial Community Church chartered by District 65 of the All except Perlo are members of smear campaign of the capitalist “Everyone is happy doing what the “union’s tradition of fight­ ¡erend, “but they’re not all like awaiting the ¡buses from the oth­ AFL-CIO Wholesale Retail De­ the national committee of the press. The May 15 N. Y. Daily up one-third of the ¡yote by offi­ they are doing. They are doing ing discrimination on every' that. A person has to live the American forum. News, for example, carried an cial count when he opposed David er churches which were to con­ partment Store Union, the it with their heart. This should level. We spearheaded the verge and leave from this point. rest of the year. If you can’t get One of the five, Albert Blum­ editorial entitled, “Look into this J. McDonald in the recent steel Brotherhood of Sleeping Car have been done a long time ago. tremendous rally in New York’s The people were dressed in their off work on reasonable terms,” berg, has already appeared be­ Mob.” It refers to A.-J. Muste union election .for president, had Porters arid Negro churches. It’s the same fight all over garment center to protest the 'Sunday clothes, quiet and smiling he continued, “you have to stay fore the Senate committee, ac­ as one “who somehow, is almost previously supported the Senate There were also more than 40 the USA. On this train I notice Till murder. It’s our tradition in a friendly holiday mood. on the job even if you want to cording to the May 22 Daily always to be seen associating committee as a means of elimi­ chartered bules, a large motor­ several nationalities. This shows that brought the response on 'I introduced myself to, a tall go.” “If everybody took off,” Worker. Blumberg stood on his with Communists.” nating union corruption. cade and thousands traveling 011 that some people are already May 17th.” man dressed in a black suit and someone said, "it would be a dif­ rights under the First and Fifth The editorial states that the their own by car. In a statement to the Youngs­ pulling together. We should As the Washington gateman straw hat, the pastor of a riear- ferent story.” “This is only the town Vindicator, Rarick declared The highways between New have more of this.” said when District 65 arrived: by Baptist church. He told me beginning,” said the minister, “a “We don’t want to hurt the York CitjH and Washington, These men and women from “Stand back and let ’em some things a'bout Baltimore, historic event and a beginning.” union. We definitely prefer that D. C. presented a truly inspir. the shops expressed solidarity through.” about the Jim Crow restaurants (Continued on page 4) the rank and file institute re­ ing sight. They were filled with Gov t Hearing Sets Stage forms without prodding from the cars and buses bearing prayer Racket committee.” Rarick is­ pilgrimage signs and stickers. sued his statement after meeting As the route passed through with representatives of the new­ the cities of New Jersey and To Strip UE of Its Rights ly-formed “Committee for Dues Montgomery Sent Spirited Caravan past Philadelphia the flood of Protest and Honest Elections” Washington-bound curs swelled By Ronald Jones street. On and on they came— ticket to Washington. Initially til victory is won,” “The jour­ representing 14 Steel Workers lo­ in number. The exhilarating By Myra Tanner Weiss MONTGOMERY, Ala. May 16 from all directions by car, taxi, it had been about $24.00, but by ney has been hard, Lord, ¡but we cals in the Youngstown area. effect and the feeling of — The departure of the Mont­ station wagon, bus, and on foot. •Saturday, May 11, it had been are going on just the same,” "We MAY 21 — One of the many government witch-hunt comradeship in a common en­ Meanwhile the McDonald ma­ gomery section of the Prayer They .came with suitcases of cut to $12.0(1—with individuals •want the whole world to know agencies, the Subversive Activities Control Board, last deavor increased as the pilgrims chine has taken a stand in sup­ Pilgrimage to Washington was varying sizes, boxes and bags. In and organizations making up the that we want what is rightfully encountered and greeted throngs week listened to the stool-pigeon story of FBI agent port of the McClellan commit­ marked by high spirits and great the meantime, more cameramen difference, so that “more of our ours,” or when one said, “We of fellow-marchers in roadside Isaac Alexander Wright, 75-^ tee’s assault on the Constitution­ enthusiasm. and reporters arrived. Some of people will be able to go.” have a long ways to go—yes, restaurants. year-old manager of ¡a semi- “subversive,” it won’t be long al rights guaranteed under the A t 5:00 A.M. when I arrived the leading figures of the Mont­ As the hour passed 5:30 A.M. iLord, all the way to Washing- The truly outstanding labor professional Baseball team in before someone gets the bright 'Fifth Amendment. in front of First Baptist Church, gomery Improvement Association the spirit of the crowd could top.” idea to prohibit union elections According to the May 18 issue also arrived. Notes and pictures participation in the great protest Virginia. He testified that he pastored ¡by Rev. Ralph D. clearly be felt, for it had reached The high point of the meeting’ and permit only those officials of the Vindicator, McDonald is were continuously being taken. demonstration was that of Dis­ served the FBI as an undercover Abernathy, a crowd of more than a crescendo. The chatter was came when Rev. Abernathy said, agent in the Communist Party to stand who are screened, reported to . have piously de­ A young ladjr, a real activist excited and was engaged in with trict 65 UWRDSE. It sent 1,- HQ0 had already gathered. A mo­ “We shall go to Washington not scrubbed down and appointed by clared: "I ¡believe in the Seventh in the Montgomery Improvement gusto. 280 delegates — the bulk in nine from 1942 to 1955, and that tion picture cameraman and a as slaves, not cowed. We shall Congress or by the Department Commandment more than I do Association and in her church, (Continued on page 4) he knew to his “own knowl­ reporter were already on the I heard a middle-aged lady go to Washington to let the of Justice. in the Fifth Amendment.” Ac­ called to the motion picture edge” that some officials of the scene. As I mingled in the crowd Bay: “I’ve been excited all day whole’world know that we want When that is done, govern­ cording to the Catholic enumera­ cameraman when he was shoot­ and all night.” United Electrical, Radio and I heard someone call out to a our freedom and we want it ment intervention into union tion of the commandments, the ing in her area: “Come and take Machine Workers’ in the Pitts­ lady, who had just arrived, Another was heard asking:. now.” These remarks were affairs will have reached its one he refers to is “Thou shall pictures of my club members.” “When are they going to get the Sell 1,500 Copies burgh area had at one time or “ Where’re you going?” greeted with great approval. logical conclusion. Unions won’t not steal.” iShe quickly got her members to­ ■prayer meeting, started ?” another been members of the “Just following 'the crowd,” They struck the chord that united be unions anymore. They’ll be Aside from thè aid and com­ gether. The cameraman smiling­ Of Militant at Rally CP. ' was her reply. Around a quarter of six the the entire Negro community in strait-jacketing devices to keep fort .McDonald's stand gives to ly obliged. Fifteeii hundred copies of This world-shaking s t opr y, Again could ¡be heard: “I’m not church’ doors opened and the its historic, year-long bus pro­ the workers docile. the union-busting aims of the the May 13 issue of the Mili­ true or not, absorbed the atten­ going in body, but I’ll 'be there This young lady had been dis­ crowd poured in. Very soon the test. tion of the dignified govern­ Of course it won’t happen all Senate committee, his injunction in spirit.” cussing with some friends in the church was practically full and tant were sold at the Prayer -By 7 :30 A.M. all the buses ment board, now considering a at once. The government has to against theft will not sit very “I can’t go, .but I’m down here crowd the big response the As­ the prayer meeting began, though Pilgrimage. This was a special were loaded and were departing recommendation by Herbert move gingerly against the well with large numbers of rank- to sec you off.” sociation got the day before de­ quite a number of those gathered issue containing greetings to from Rev. Abernathy's church. Browne Id, Jr. to have the powerful .American labor move­ and-file steel unionists who “Oh, it hurts my heart so not parture • and its regrets in not remained outside and continued the mass protest rally and a Already all the station wagons union declared “Communist-in- ment — one step at-a time. But charge that his machine was to ¡be able to go.” (being able to meet all the de­ to discuss the prospects of the number of other articles deal­ were gone as well as many of filtrated.” If Attorney General there -can be no question about guilty of ballot box irregulari­ By 5:30 A.M. (the scheduled mands of the Montgomery people Pilgrimage excitedly. However, ing with the civil rights strug­ the private cars. Some people Brownell gets his wish, the the general direction of the ties that deprived Rarick of votes time of a prayer service) the desiring to go. to Washington. there was a unity of feeling both gle. Militant salesmen and had left by train, others by union would then be deprived of process. and aided in McDonald’s election. great throng, (predominantly All the seats in the four char­ inside and outside, a unity of women .report that they sold plane. As we waved goodbye to recourse to the National Labor In the meantime, the top labor In taking his turn toward the women), which had swelled to tered buses and the station wa­ what the Pilgrimage was to mean out quickly and had to go back the hundreds of well-wishers Relations Board and immediate­ officialdom gives aid and com­ union membership as the only three or four'hundred, complete­ gons were completely filled. Con­ to each of them personally. This often to reload. Those who standing along the curbs we could ly subject to union - busting fort to the government witch- proper vehicle for settling union ly covered the steps of the tinuing she said: “We tried, but unity was underscored ¡by the had not yet bought a paper hear ringing in our ears and in moves by the companies that hunting and to Congressional problems, Rarick said he had church, the front extending quite we were not able to charter an­ spontaneous shouts of “yes, yes” would tell them, “Be sure to our hearts: “We .are going to hold contracts with the union. labor “investigations.” This 'been approached by Senate com­ a distance to the left and to the other ¡bus.” , and “amen, amen” when each of come back.” Many people With snoopers in high office policy will have to be repudiated mittee investigators for informa­ right, and was beginning to spill Partly responsible for the the prayer leaders would say, Washington to let the whole bought two or three copies. deciding what unions are “cor­ if the labor movement is to tion 'but tha.t he has not given into the streets and to fill the great rush at the last hour was “We are marching to freedom,” world know that we want our One woman bought seven. rupt” and what unions are preserve its independence. them any. park area directly across the the cut in price of the round-trip “We shall keep on marching un freedom and we want it now.” . Page 2 THE MILITANT Monday, May 27, 1957 Gomulka Slaps at Right Mao Alibis for the Kremlin By C. R. Hubbard of the Chinese Communist Party Party and between the Party andtf leaders in their efforts to justify the masses, contradictions that The ideological center of the Wing at CP Conference their bloody course in Hungary can be resolved on a peaceful Thè October Days in Poland bureaucratic caste that still rules the Gomulka regime has oppor­ and bolster their puppet regimes basis of “persuasion.” By George Lavan back in key party and govern­ the Soviet orbit has begun to ment jobs. tunistically endorsed Kremlin- in East Europe. The Chinese pre­ This theory has no more to do May 21—The recent session of shift from Moscow to Peking. mier, Chou En-lai, became the Indeed, Gomulka opened the puppet Kadar, it has rêfraihëd with Marxism than did Stalin’s the Central Committee of the. Harrison E. Salisbury in the May primary spokesman of the Krem­ plenary session of the Central from denouncing the defeated theory of “socialism in one coun­ t'olish Contmunist Party — the 19 New York Times represents lin in the struggle to bolster the Committee on May 1'5 with a revolution as counter-revolution­ try.” The latter theory flew in first to take place since the Oc­ this shift as a “challenge” to ■badly weakened regimes in \Yav- keynote speech bitterly attacking ary. the face of the most elementary tober session which saw Gomul- Moscow’s primacy among the So­ saw and Budapest. Through the party’s left wing and telling Marxist concepts of the world­ ka’s rise to power and the de­ The boldness, of the Polish Sta­ viet nations. However,, the shift Chou, the Soviet bureaucrats its adherents either to shut up wide character of modern econ­ fiance of the Kremlin—was note­ linists, their three-day barrage is more in the nature of a new could present a less discredited or face expulsion. (Since the old omy and the international char­ worthy i for Gomulka’s wild against Gomulka’s whole pro­ division of labor necessitated by guard Stalinists retain over­ face. acter of the struggle against cap­ swings from right to left in typ­ gram and their demand for the the advance of the revolutionary The ideological task of defend­ whelming control of the .bureau­ italism. The theory was advanced ical centrist fashion. repudiation of the one remaining upsurge of the working class in ing bureaucratic rule thereby cratic apparatus of the Polish by .Stalin after Lenin’s death as gain of the October days—Pol­ the Soviet orbit, than a chal­ falls to the Chinese. It Ss in this Since he became First Secre­ OP, Gomulka’s order to the left an expression of the needs of the and’s measure of independence-, lenge to Moscow’s domination. context that what Salisbury calls tary of the Polish United Work­ (whom he -calls “revisionists”) developing bureaucratic caste in provoked him into a counterat­ The Chinese regime enjoys the “bold, new Marxian theory” ers (Communist) Party, Gomulka was in effect an order for them the Soviet Union. This caste tack. On May 18 he made a bit­ greater prestige among the mass propounded by Mao Tse-tung to has steadily aligned himself with to go out of business politically. wanted an end to the class strug­ ter showdown speech on the ques­ of communist workers than any Chinese Communists last Febru­ In the same speech Gomulka gle and wanted the "right” to ac­ tion of retaining Poland’s inde­ other regime in the Soviet 'bloc. attacked the workers’ councils ary must be understood. cumulate riches and privileges pendence from the Kremlin. He In fact it is almost the only re­ This theory is expressed popu­ which have sprung up in almost for itself. Polish Left-Winger recalled the Stalinist terror,and gime with any real authority in larly in the Chinese< slogan, “Let all the factories 'since October. purges of the party in the old the eyes of the workers in the all flowers bloom.”' This is sup­ CLASS CONTENT DENIED It was the movement of the fac­ days and warned that what the Soviet Union, East Europe or the posed to. mean: Let all view­ ¡Similarly the theory of Mao On Stalinism tory workers which gave the right was demanding was really Communist Parties in the West. points be expressed. Its signifi­ “When I refer to a TStalin- mass base necessary for victory Tse-tung grows out Of the needs the policy that Rakosi and Gero Those who hope for a reform cance lies in the fact that the of the bureaucratic./caste in the ist] system, I am as far as I to the intellectuals last October. had pursued in Hungary and that can be from identifying it of* the bureaucratic caste—that bureaucracy is compelled to rec­ Soviet orbit, needs that have Gomulka has had to go slower the results would be equaljy with the Soviet, structure of is, the peaceful elimination of ognize the existence of opposi­ changed considerably in- the post- in his campaign against these 'bloody. society. Quite the contrary, I councils than against the lefU bureaucratic repressions—look to tion to its rule and is forced to World-War-II period. The bu­ ISince the right-wing controls see this system as the anti­ wing journalists"and students. He China. Mao Tse-tung becomes the promise concessions—of course, reaucracy today can no longer The workers were the principal factor in the all-national the party apparatus the effec­ thesis of Soviet society, told 'the Central Committee that most acceptable voice, the ideo­ within limits. pretend to unanimity. The growth rising that brought Gomulka toi power last fall. Above: a. meet­ tiveness of Gomulka’s counterat­ although it lived with the no more power should be yielded logical front-man for the entire The new theory of Mao Tse- of the workers’ revolution ing last October of workers in the Lenin Metallurgical plant tack lies only in its implicit latter and fed on it para- to the workers’ councils; that bureaucratic caste. Khrushchev, tung consists of two parts. The against bureaucracy requires the near Krakow, Poland, applauding a resolution supporting threat to go to the people again, siticaliy. A man who is af­ demands by some of the councils Bulganin and their cohorts, in first claims that the class strug­ recognition of opposing-forces in Gomulka’s resistance to the Kremlin. as in Octobeh The Stalinists fear fected by cancer constitutes a for collective ownership of their exposing the crimes of Stalin, gle is over .except for a “few the 'Soviet orbit. In recognizing this above all. Gomulka’s course unity with' the latter. But this factories 'was a step back to­ convicted themselves of complici­ U.S. agents.” This idea is not the existence of this contradic­ in the last fiye months has cost are equally reactionary. Both unity develops in this manner, wards capitalism; that demands ty, Mao does not share the same new but was long ago invented tion, the bureaucrats would like revolution. Whereas the bureau­ him much of his popularity as ruling cliques ara antagonistic to that either the man overcomes for council representation on the burden of blame. by iStalin when he proclaimed to deny its revolutionary, class cratic caste in the Soviet 'Union was evident in the public ápathy the disease and recovers, or central boards of industries and the “final victory for socialism” content and persuade their an­ came to power by crushing the the interests of the working upon the Opening of the Central BETTER FACE class. the cancer consumes him. . . . governments was “a kind of in the Soviet Union. The second tagonists of the peaceful per­ Russian revolution, through the Committee sessions. The .Stalin­ Fdr this reason the Kremlin Lenin observed the . . . danger anarchistic utopia” ; that while he part says that “nonantagonistic spective of reform. Thereby, they destruction of the democratic rule ists, however, have pulled in their 'bureaucrats are in desperate need SYMPTOMS IN CHINA threatening the development wasn’t for taking away the right contradictions” exist within the hope to preserve their dominant of the workers in their Soviets. horns apparently in the decision At the same time there is a of socialism in Russia — in to strike, workers should nof and privileged position for a In East Eurooe, with the excep­ to wait a while longer till the mutual antagonism between the the low level of culture of the utilize, this right, and that strikes while longer. tion of Yugoslavia the caste came bureaucracies of Moscow and masses, the peasant character beyond certain limits would bring situation is even riper. Chinese CP Leader in Warsaw The “non-antagonistic” char­ into existence thanks to the oc­ Peking. The very existence of a of the country, giving rise to a government intervention. Gomulka’s attack lipon the acter of the new contradiction is cupation of the Red Army. ' •new center of power within the parasitic growth of bureau­ Taking off from Gomulka’s right does not necessarily mean obvious nonsensi?. Whene was the SPECIFIC FEATURES Stalinist world created an im­ cracy. . . . [Stalinism] ate into anti-left wing, anti-workers’ th at he will now turn left, or “non-antagonista” of the contra­ For this reason the contradic­ plicit antagonism that contrib­ the live body of the Soviet councils keynote, the right-wing will even end his campaign diction between Stalin and the tion between the bureaucratic uted to the shattering of Stalin­ system, the most progressive ran away with the debate. After against the left-wing. To pre­ workers’ democracy he crushed, caste in China and the masses ist monolithism now in process. system in the anhals of his­ endorsing Gomulka’s attacks on serve his own power and to keep between Stalin (and those he appears less antagonistic than Thus, when the Chinese leaders tory, and began to afflict it the left, they went much farther. the revolution from moving ei­ framed, executed, or pushed into engage in rescue operations for like a cancer.” From an article 'Soon they were blasting away at ther forward or backward is his concentration camps? More re­ elsewhere !n the Soviet orbit. The economic backwardness of China, the Kremlin, they ave serving by Mieczyslaw Bibrbwski in Gomulka’s own (policy as “revi­ desire. To this end the policy of cently where was rthe “non-antag­ their own interests in two ways: Feb. 10 Now a Kultiira. sionist.” Finally they demanded a striking blows first against the onism” in 'East Germany in 1953, plus the short time of Commun­ virtual repudiation of Poland’s left and then against the right— in Poznan in the spring of 1956 ist Party rule, did not proride they are meeting the pressure of October defiance of the Kremlin. preventing either from becom­ and all of 'Poland and Hungary in the material for as sharp a dif­ a similar social revolt from be­ low in China and they ara the very forces which opposed This latter came in the form ing too powerful—is the classic thè fall of ,last year? For Marx­ ferentiation as exists in the rest strengthening their bargaining Poland’s October assertion of in­ of a resolution recognizing the formula. Not only does he thus ists theory begins with reality as of, the Soviet orbit. And finally, power in relation to tbe Kremlin. dependence. The intellectuals and primacy of the Kremlin “in the prevent either faction from forc­ it is, not as IMao might wish it tbe revolution is st'll in process, The symptoms of a develop­ student leaders, who had risked struggle for socialism” and its ing its policy on him, but he pre­ to be. daily exerting tremendous pres­ sure on the bureaucratic regime. ing political revolution in China their lives to bring him to power role as mentor for all other Com­ serve^ the fiction that he is Mao’s theory, like .'Stalin’s be­ All of this gives Mao’s theory of have paralleled the symptoms and who were responsible for munist Parties, and containing an above, factions, classes and po­ fore him, is a bureaucratic ra­ bureaucratic reform a semblance seen in the Soviet Union. And building u