THE PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC 1960–January 1963
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A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files THE PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC 1960–January 1963 Internal Affairs and Foreign Affairs A UPA Collection from Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files THE PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC 1960–January 1963 INTERNAL AFFAIRS and FOREIGN AFFAIRS Project Coordinator Robert E. Lester Guide compiled by Joseph C. Gutberlet A UPA Collection from 7500 Old Georgetown Road • Bethesda, MD 20814-6126 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Confidential U.S. State Department central files. The Philippine Republic, 1960–January 1963 [microform] : internal affairs and foreign affairs / project coordinator, Robert E. Lester. microfilm reels. Summary: Reproduced from Record Group 59, State Department central decimal files 796, 896, and 996 (internal affairs) and decimal files 696 and 611.96 (foreign affairs) for 1960–January 1963, in the National Archives, College Park, Md. Accompanied by a printed guide compiled by Joseph C. Gutberlet entitled: A guide to the microfilm edition of Confidential U.S. State Department central files. The Philippine Republic, 1960–January 1963. ISBN 0-88692-664-5 1. United States—Foreign relations—Philippines—Sources. 2. Philippines—Foreign relations—United States—Sources. 3. Philippines—History—1946–1986—Sources. 4. United States. Dept. of State—Archives. I. Title: Confidential U.S. State Department central files. II. Title: Philippine Republic, 1960–January 1963. III. Title: Guide to the microfilm edition of Confidential U.S. State Department central files. The Philippine Republic, 1960–January 1963. IV. Lester, Robert. V. Gutberlet, Joseph C., 1979– . E183.8.P6 327.730599'09'046—dc22 2004057698 CIP The documents reproduced in this publication are among the records of the U.S. Department of State in the custody of the National Archives of the United States. No copyright is claimed in these official records. Copyright © 2004 LexisNexis Academic & Library Solutions, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-88692-664-5. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Scope and Content Note ......................................................................................... v Source Note .............................................................................................................. vii Organization of the U.S. Department of State Decimal Filing System............... ix Numerical List of Country Numbers ...................................................................... xiii Abbreviations List ................................................................................................... xxi Reel Index Reels 1–2 Internal Political and National Defense Affairs—Philippines 796.0 Political Affairs .................................................................................. 1 Reel 3 796.0 Political Affairs cont. ......................................................................... 11 796.1 Political Affairs: Executive Branch of Government .......................... 12 796.2 Political Affairs: Legislative Branch of Government ......................... 14 796.3 Political Affairs: Judicial Branch of Government .............................. 14 796.5 National Defense Affairs .................................................................. 15 Reels 4–5 796.5 National Defense Affairs cont. .......................................................... 15 Reel 6 796.5 National Defense Affairs cont. .......................................................... 20 Internal Economic, Industrial, and Social Affairs—Philippines 896.0 Economic Matters ............................................................................ 22 Reels 7–8 896.0 Economic Matters cont. ................................................................... 23 Reel 9 896.0 Economic Matters cont. ................................................................... 28 896.1 Financial Matters .............................................................................. 33 Reel 10 896.1 Financial Matters cont. ..................................................................... 34 896.2 Agriculture ........................................................................................ 37 Reel 11 896.2 Agriculture cont. ............................................................................... 37 896.3 Manufacturers; Manufacturing.......................................................... 41 iii Reel 12 896.3 Manufacturers; Manufacturing cont. ................................................. 42 896.4 Social Matters .................................................................................. 43 Reel 13 896.5 Public Order, Safety and Health ....................................................... 46 896.8 Science: Earth Sciences .................................................................. 48 Communications, Transportation, Science—Philippines 996.0 Communications............................................................................... 48 996.1 Communications: Postal .................................................................. 48 996.3 Communications: Telephone ............................................................ 49 996.4 Communications: Radio ................................................................... 49 996.5 Communications: Television ............................................................ 49 996.6 Communications: Public Press ........................................................ 49 996.7 Transportation .................................................................................. 50 996.8 Science............................................................................................. 51 Political and Other International Relations; Bilateral Treaties—Philippines 696.0 Political Relations between Philippine Republic and Other Countries ..................................................................... 51 696.9 Political Relations between Philippine Republic and Japan ............. 51 696.9 Political Relations between Philippine Republic and Malaya ........... 51 696.9 Political Relations between Philippine Republic and Republic of Indonesia ...................................................................................... 51 Reel 14 Political and Other International Relations; Bilateral Treaties—U.S.–Philippines 611.9 Political Relations between United States and Philippine Republic ................................................................ 52 Subject Index............................................................................................................ 59 iv SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files, 1960–January 1963 The U.S. State Department Central Files are the definitive source of American diplomatic reporting on political, military, social, and economic developments throughout the world in the twentieth century. This edition consists of the Central Files for the Philippine Republic for the period between 1960 and January 1963. The files are arranged according to the State Department Decimal Filing System, 1960– January 1963. The subjects from the filing system included in this edition are decimal numbers 796, 896, and 996 (the Philippine Republic internal affairs) and decimal numbers 696 and 611.96 (the Philippine Republic foreign affairs and U.S. relations with the Philippine Republic) for 1960–January 1963. The files consist of cables and letters sent and received by U.S. diplomats and embassy personnel; reports on meetings between U.S. and foreign government officials and leaders; newspaper clippings and translations from journals and newspapers; transcripts of speeches; and reports and observations on political, military, and social affairs. This edition of Central Files for the Philippines Republic begins with a detailed accounting of Political Affairs (796). These files consist of correspondence and other items relating to political developments in President Carlos P. Garcia’s Nacionalista Party and the opposition Liberal Party. Garcia’s 1960 state of the nation address before the Philippine Congress underscores themes central to his administration: nationalism, graft and corruption, and economic progress. The Nacionalista Party championed a “Filipino-First” policy calling for nationalization of industry, agriculture, and the press. Monthly reports on developments in Cebu Consular District and many other provincial areas reveal attitudes on leaders of both parties and Philippine reaction to relations between the United States and the Soviet Union. In the 1961 presidential election, the revived Liberal Party built enough of a following to win the presidency for Diosdado Macapagal. In this election, the returns from each polling place were reported by observers as soon as the votes were counted. This system, known as Operation Quick Count, was designed to prevent fraud. Joint Weeka Reports (796 W) are weekly reports written by U.S. diplomatic personnel that provide brief summaries of both internal and foreign developments. These summaries are based on observations of U.S. officials and translations from newspapers and periodicals. Internal affairs mentioned in the Weeka reports in this edition are the antigraft campaign, Communism at the University of the Philippines, pre-election violence, and the case of Harry S. Stonehill, an American businessman accused of corruption. Foreign developments in Weeka reports pertain to relations between the Philippines and other countries, Philippine participation in the Southeast Asia Treaty