DOCSLIB.ORG

Población Y Desarrollo

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

55 6(5,( población y desarrollo Commemoration of the tenth anniversary of the International Conference on Population and Development: actions undertaken to implement the Programme of Action of the Conference in Latin America and the Caribbean Population Division – Latin American and Caribbean Demographic Centre (ECLAC – CELADE), with the collaboration of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Santiago, Chile, June 2004 The final version of this technical report was prepared by the Population Division -Latin American and Caribbean Demographic Centre (ECLAC- CELADE), in its capacity as technical secretariat of the ECLAC sessional Ad Hoc Committee on Population and Development. The first draft had been produced by the consultant Edith Pantelides, who based her work on a detailed report prepared by the consultant Anitza Freitez, which systematized, presented and analysed the results of the survey on the implementation of the Programme of Action, promoted by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in each of the countries of the region. The secretariat is grateful to UNFPA for its invaluable work in carrying out this study and for its significant financial contribution. The views expressed in this document, which has been reproduced without formal editing, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Organization. United Nations Publication ISSN printed version: 1680-8991 ISSN online version: 1680-9009 ISBN: 92-1-121516-1 LC/L.2064-/Rev.1-P Original: SPANISH Sales No.: E.04.II.G.78 Copyright © United Nations, June 2004. All rights reserved Printed in United Nations, Santiago, Chile Applications for the right to reproduce this work are welcomed and should be sent to the Secretary of the Publications Board, United Nations Headquarters, New York, N.Y. 10017, U.S.A. Member States and their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without prior authorization, but are requested to mention the source and inform the United Nations of such reproduction. CEPAL - SERIE Población y desarrollo N° 55 Table of contents Summary.............................................................................................5 Introduction........................................................................................7 I. Continuity, changes and emerging phenomena in the sociodemographic context .............................................9 1. Economic, social and political changes .................................9 2. Main demographic trends ....................................................10 II. Implementation of the Cairo programme of action .......19 1. Integration of population issues into the public agenda and in public policies ...........................................................19 2. Activities implemented ........................................................23 3. Rights and equity .................................................................37 III. Collaboration between governments, civil society and the private sector............................................................51 IV. Available resources................................................................55 V. Outstanding issues ................................................................57 Bibliography.....................................................................................61 Annex.................................................................................................65 Serie población y desarrollo: issues published.....................77 3 CEPAL - SERIE Población y desarrollo N° 55 Summary This document describes the main social, economic, political and demographic features of Latin America and the Caribbean in the last 10 years as a backdrop to the implementation in the region of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development agreed in Cairo in 1994. In this regard, the region has been characterized by an unsatisfactory, indeed erratic, economic performance, high poverty levels, which authorities seem unable to bring under control, persistent socio-economic inequality, political instability and, notwithstanding all this, a demographic transition that continues to advance relentlessly. Following this description is a detailed account of the actions undertaken by the countries in the region to put into practice the Programme of Action. First, the authors examine the efforts made by individual countries to place population issues on the agenda and incorporate them in public policies; in this regard, a wide range of institutional arrangements were adopted including the establishment of specific bodies responsible for population issues, technical units in sectoral ministries and working groups active in large-scale public programmes directed towards cross-cutting issues, such as gender, poverty and the environment. Population issues have also been incorporated more intensively into decentralization processes underway in the countries of the region. The document considers actions and measures taken at the national level —and in some cases at the regional and subregional levels— in the following areas: location of the population and 5 Commemoration of the tenth anniversary of the International Conference on Population and Development migration; sexual and reproductive health and safe motherhood; human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS); violence against women; primary and secondary education; care for older persons; information, research and training in the field of population, social equity and gender; and reproductive rights. In this analysis, attention is drawn to the joint efforts made by the Government, civil society and the private sector and a brief description is given of the resources used in this task. Lastly, the authors identify the outstanding issues and future challenges posed by implementation of the Programme of Action in the region. 6 CEPAL - SERIE Población y desarrollo N° 55 Introduction At its regular meeting in May 2002 —held in Brasilia within the framework of the twenty-ninth session of the Commission— the ECLAC sessional Ad Hoc Committee on Population and Development agreed, under resolution 590 (XXIX), to examine the progress achieved in Latin America and the Caribbean in implementing the Programme of Action adopted by the International Conference on Population and Development. To this end, the Committee requested the Population Division -Latin American and Caribbean Demographic Centre (ECLAC-CELADE), to prepare, in collaboration with the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), a document describing the actions undertaken in the countries of the region to implement the Programme of Action. This technical report compiles information from the national consultation processes, including the results of the survey conducted by UNFPA in each of the countries of the region on the progress achieved in the past ten years in implementing the Programme of Action, the conclusions of recent research and the regional system of indicators for monitoring implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development. It also incorporates the results of the assessment of the implementation of the Programme of Action in the Caribbean (11-12 November 2003, Port of Spain). An initial version of this document was presented at the open- ended meeting of the Presiding Officers of the Ad Hoc Committee, which was held at ECLAC headquarters in Santiago, Chile, on 10 and 11 March 2004. That event was attended by almost 40 government 7 Commemoration of the tenth anniversary of the International Conference on Population and Development delegations and more than 300 persons from ECLAC member countries, countries with observer status and non-governmental organizations. This initial version served as the principal substantive input for the Declaration which was adopted at the open-ended meeting. The present version incorporates the comments expressed at that meeting, together with those transmitted to the Office of the Executive Secretary in March and April 2004,1 and constitutes the region’s contribution to the global ten-year review process on the implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development. This document reports on the social, economic, political and demographic context of the last 10 years in the region, describes the actions undertaken by the countries in the region to implement the Programme of Action –including the collaborative efforts made by the Government, civil society and the private sector– gives an account of the resources used for the task and, lastly, focuses on identifying the outstanding issues and future challenges in terms of implementation of the Programme of Action in the region. 1 The comments received from the following countries were incorporated in this final version: Bahamas, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala and Paraguay. 8 CEPAL - SERIE Población y desarrollo N° 55 I. Continuity, changes and emerging phenomena in the sociodemographic context 1. Economic, social and political changes Over the last 10 years the economies of Latin America have been experiencing considerable volatility, and this situation has been further aggravated by three economic crises. In particular, the poor performance seen during the first few years of the new millennium (GDP growth was 0.4% in 2001, decreased to -0.4% in 2002 and went up slightly to 1.5% in 2003) led to a reduction in
Recommended publications
  • A History of Global Health

    A History of Global Health

    PART I Colonial Entanglements On November 15, 1932, representatives from several African colonial territories, British India, the League of Nations Health Organization, and the Rockefeller Foundation met in Cape Town, South Africa. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss questions relating to public-health administration and protection against epidemic diseases. Much of the conference focused on the problem of yellow fever. Growing concerns about the potential spread of yellow fever from its endemic locations in Latin America and west central Africa into other African colonial territories, and from there to South Asia, provided the background for these discussions. A map labeled “African Air Routes, 1932” accompanied the conference report.1 This map showed the routes of European airlines crisscrossing the continent and connecting Africa to the wider world. It was intended to illustrate that advances in air travel, which were bringing various parts of the world into closer contact with one another, were also creating pathways along which pathogens—specifically, yellow fever—could travel. The British, who had established colonies from Egypt to South Africa at the end of the nineteenth century, feared that yellow fever could be transported from West Africa to its colonies elsewhere in Africa, and from there to the jewel of its colonial empire in India, where the deadly disease had never been identified but the mosquitoes that transmitted it existed. The impact of this eastward spread of yellow fever would be devastating. The League of Nations Health Organization, which had been established after World War I as part of an effort to prevent future wars by ensuring the health and well-being of the world’s populations, viewed the conference as an opportunity to expand its influence into the colonial world.
  • Estimated Occurrence of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drug Use Among 12

    Estimated Occurrence of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drug Use Among 12

    Estimated occurrence of tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use among 12- to 18-year-old students in Panama: Results of Panama’s 1996 National Youth Survey on Alcohol and Drug Use Gonzalo B. González,1 Miguel A. Cedeño,1 Marcel Penna,1 Luis Caris,2 Jorge Delva,3 and James C. Anthony 3 ABSTRACT This report provides the first epidemiological evidence on tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use among school students in Panama, using data from a student survey completed in 1996. Specifically, we examine sex, age, grade level, type of school, and urban-rural variations in the occurrence of tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use. Estimates of lifetime prevalence and past- year use of these products were obtained using data from Panama’s 1996 National Youth Sur- vey on Alcohol and Drug Use (n = 6 477). To account for the multistage sampling design of the survey, all estimates and respective standard errors are derived by the Taylor series approx- imation method using Epi Info 6.0 CSAMPLE software. In general, more males, more older students, and more students in higher grades have used licit and illicit drugs, even though male-female differences tend to be small. Public-private school differences and urban-rural trends vary depending on the drug. The findings of this study are discussed in relation to the epidemiology and prevention of drug use in Panama. Based on these data, we seek to provide information to be used by the Government of Panama in its planning for prevention programs directed toward students in Panamanian schools. The Coalition of Panama [La Coali- the dimensions of youthful drug in- sent school-attending youths.
  • “Here in Paraguay We Have to Sacrifice So Much to Get Anything”: Perceptions of Health and Healthcare Services Among Subsistence Farmers in Paraguay

    “Here in Paraguay We Have to Sacrifice So Much to Get Anything”: Perceptions of Health and Healthcare Services Among Subsistence Farmers in Paraguay

    “Here in Paraguay we have to sacrifice so much to get anything”: Perceptions of Health and Healthcare Services among Subsistence Farmers in Paraguay By Sarah A. Flanagan A thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Public Issues Anthropology Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Sarah A. Flanagan, September 2012 ABSTRACT “HERE IN PARAGUAY WE HAVE TO SACRIFICE SO MUCH TO GET ANYTHING”: PERCEPTIONS OF HEALTH AND HEALTHCARE SERVICES AMONG SUBSISTENCE FARMERS IN PARAGUAY Sarah A. Flanagan Advisor: Professor Elizabeth Finnis University of Guelph, 2012 In this Master's of Public Issues Anthropology thesis I examine the perceptions of health and healthcare services within a small rural subsistence farming community in South-Western Paraguay from a political ecology of health perspective. Qualitative research data was collected from May to September of 2010 in Lindo Manantial, a subsistence farming village, and Piribebuy, the closest town to Lindo Manantial and the location of the nearest health centre, the Piribebuy Centro de Salud. The primary goals of this research project were to gain an ethnographic understanding of current local health perspectives and concerns, as well as the local frameworks for health provision in Piribebuy. I argue that the introduction of culturally competent healthcare services could greatly improve individual and community health statuses and outcomes in Lindo Manantial and other similar rural subsistence farming communities in Paraguay. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I must extend my sincere gratitude to Professor Elizabeth Finnis, my advisor throughout this research process and without whom this thesis would not have been possible.
  • Health in South America

    Health in South America

    Health in South America 2012 Edition Health Situation, Policies and Systems Overview Health in South America 2012 Edition Health Situation, Policies and Systems Overview PAHO/WHO technical team that prepared the document: Principal authors and coordination: César Gattini and Patricia Ruiz. Contributors: Celia Riera, Elisabeth Duarte, Mariela Licha Salomón, Alejandro Gherardi, Fernando Llanos, Humberto Montiel, Rolando Ramírez, Félix Rígoli and Javier Uribe. Translation to English version: Catalina Palma (CONYCIT) Editorial review to English version: Daniela Gattini Health Information and Analysis Project (HSD/HA) Country Focus Support Office (CFS) Pan American Health Organization World Health Organization Washington DC, 2012 HEALTH IN SOUTH AMERICA, 2012 It is also published in Spanish: Salud en Sudamérica, edición de 2012: panorama de la situación de salud y de las políticas y sistemas de salud PAHO/WHO Headquarters Library - Cataloguing Pan American Health Organization Health in South America, 2012 Edition: Health Situation, Policies and Systems Overview Washington DC: 2012 ISBN: 978-92-75-31714-3 1. Health indicators 2. Health profile 3. Health inequities 4. Environmental health 5. Public policies 6. Health Systems and Services 7. South America The Pan American Health Organization will give consideration to requests for permission to reproduce or translate, in part or in full, any of its publications. Applications and inquiries should be addressed to Knowledge Management and Communication Area, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington, DC, United States of America ([email protected]). The Knowledge and Information Centre, Office of the PAHO / WHO Representation in Chile, Santiago, Chile, will provide information on any changes made to the text, plans for new editions, and reprints and translations already available.
  • Paraguay Investment Guide 2019-2020 Summary

    Paraguay Investment Guide 2019-2020 Summary

    PARAGUAY INVESTMENT GUIDE 2019-2020 SUMMARY Investments and Exports Network of paraguay - REDIEX EDUCATION AND HEALTH IN COUNTRY TRAITS LEGAL FRAMEWORK PARAGUAY 1.1. Socio-economic, political and 4.1. Tax Regime 7.1. Education Services geographical profile 4.2. Labor System 7.2. Professional and Occupational 1.2. Land and basic infrastructure 4.3. Occupational health and safety Training Av. Mcal. López 3333 esq. Dr. Weiss 1.3. Service Infrastructure policies of covid-19 7.3. Health Services Asunción - Villa Morra 1.4. Corporate structure 4.4. Immigration Laws 1 4 7 Paraguay. Page. 9 1.5. Contractual relations between Page. 101 4.5. Intellectual Property Page. 151 Tel.: +595 21 616 3028 +595 21 616 3006 foreign companies and their 4.6. Summary of procedures and [email protected] - www.rediex.gov.py representatives in Paraguay requirements to request the foreign 1.6. Economy investor’s certification via SUACE Edition and General Coordination 4.7. Environmental legislation Paraguay Brazil Chamber of Commerce REAL ESTATE MARKET MAJOR INVESTMENT SECTORS IMPORT AND EXPORT OF GOODS 8.1. Procedure for real estate purchase 8.2. Land acquisition by foreigners 2.1. General Information 5.1. Regulatory framework for interna- Av. Aviadores del Chaco 2050, Complejo World Trade Center Asunción, 2.2. Countries investing in Paraguay tional trade Torre 1, Piso 14 Asunción - Paraguay 2.3. Investment sectors 5.2. Customs 8 Page. 157 Tel.: +595 21 612 - 614 | +595 21 614 - 901 2.4. Investments 5.3. Customs broker [email protected] - www.ccpb.org.py 2 5 5.4.
  • Creating Rural Innovative Strategy for Sustainable Rural Development in Paraguay

    Creating Rural Innovative Strategy for Sustainable Rural Development in Paraguay

    Establishment of 2014Algeria's Joint National Consulting Vision with 2030 IOs Chapter 1 Creating Rural Innovative Strategy for Sustainable Rural Development in Paraguay 1. Vision 2030 and Indicator Analysis 2. Algeria and the Global Economy 3. Current Issues Facing Algeria’s Economy 4.Vision Scenarios 5. Conclusions ? List of Abbreviations Abbreviation Full Description Departamento de Extensión Agrícola Ganadero (Paraguay) DEAG (Department of Agriculture and Livestock Extension) DEAg Directorate of Agricultural Extension (Paraguay) List of Abbreviations Dirección de Investigación y Extensión Agropecuaria y Forestal (Paraguay) DIEAF (Directorate of Research and Extension of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry) DIGEAF General Directorate of Administration and Finances (Paraguay) DIGELAB General Directorate of Laboratories (Paraguay) General Directorate of Quality and Safety of Products of Animal DIGECIPOA Origin (Paraguay) DIGESETEC General Directorate of Technical Services (Paraguay) Presidency, General Directorate of Animal Health, Identity and DIGESIT Traceability (Paraguay) Dirección de Investigación y Producción Animal (Paraguay) DIPA List of Abbreviations (Directorate of Livestock Research and Production) DW Date Warehouse Abbreviation Full Description EDI Electronic Data Interchange AgriX Agricultural Integrated Information eXcellent System (Korea) EGDI E-Government Development Index ALAT Local Agencies Technical Assistance (Paraguay) FIA Farmland Improvement Association AIIS Automated Import Information System FTA Free Trade Agreements
  • Panama: Tropical Ecology, Marine Ecosystems, and Biodiversity Conservation

    Panama: Tropical Ecology, Marine Ecosystems, and Biodiversity Conservation

    Panama: Tropical Ecology, Marine Ecosystems, and Biodiversity Conservation TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION ............................................ 2 PREVENTION OF INSECT-BORNE ILLNESSES ................ 2 PREVENTION OF FOOD- AND WATER-BORNE ILLNESSES .................................................................... 3 OTHER DISEASES ......................................................... 4 IMMUNIZATIONS ........................................................ 5 IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE ........................................ 6 GENERAL INFORMATION To protect your health in Panama, you need certain SIT Study Abroad programs may venture off the pre-departure immunizations followed by reasonable usual tourist track. Pay careful attention to health health precautions while in the country. The following and safety guidelines. health guidelines and requirements are based on years of experience and the current recommendations from PREVENTION OF INSECT-BORNE the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ILLNESSES They are designed to inform you of health concerns Insect precautions are recommended for this that may be present in Panama especially as you venture program. There is no risk of malaria in Panama City and to smaller cities off the usual tourist track, or spend the scheduled destinations of the program. CDC time in small villages and rural areas for extended reports low risk of malaria in portions of Comarca periods. Although no information sheet can address Guna Yala but this is mostly on the eastern side. Your every
  • Health Care in Panama the Case of Rural

    Health Care in Panama the Case of Rural

    HEALTH CARE IN PANAMA THE CASE OF RURAL VERAGUAS Prepared for: The United States Agency for International Development Bureau for Policy Planning and Coordination Contract No. OTR-0082-C-00-3353-00 Prepared by: Ralph L. Franklin Marielouise Harrell in collaboration with Cutberto Parillon June 1986 Raleigh, North Carolina Sigma One Corporation TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND PRESENTATION .............. 1 2.0 HEALTH POLICY iN PANAMA .......... 5 2.1 Historical Trends in Health Care Provision .............. 5 2.2 Primary Health Care System Implementation ........... 7 2.3 Economic Context of the Health System .............. 9 2.4 Accomplishments in the Health Sector ........ 13 2.4.1 Mortality Information .............. 16 2.4.2 Nutritional Status of Children ............. 20 2.4.3 Environmental Health .............. 22 3.0 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HEALTH SYSTEM IN THE RURAL COMMUNITIES OF VERAGUAS ............ 25 3.1 Funding for Veraguas Public Health System .............. 30 3.2 Availability of Health Institutions in Veraguas .............. 33 3.2.1 Description of Health Facilities .............. 33 3.2.2 Access to Health Facilities and Complementary Infrastructure .............. 38 3.3 Utilization of Health Facilities in Veraguas .............. 43 4.0 SUMMARY .............. 49 BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX: SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRES LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page I Design of the Integrated Health System for Panama 8 2 Trends in General Mortality and Child Mortality in Panama ............ 21 3 Trends in Coverage of Safe Water in Panama ..... .. ... 24 4 Relief and Highway Map of Veraguas Province 26 LIST OF TABLES Table Page I Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Panama .......... 11 2 Ministry of Health Expenditures in Panama ........... 12 3 Total Expenditures by the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Social Security System (CSS) ..........
  • A Needs Assessment of Family Planning Within a Ngöbe–Buglé Patient Population in Bocas Del Toro, Panama

    A Needs Assessment of Family Planning Within a Ngöbe–Buglé Patient Population in Bocas Del Toro, Panama

    A Needs Assessment of Family Planning Within a Ngöbe–Buglé Patient Population in Bocas Del Toro, Panama The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Longacre, Mckenna Mary. 2017. A Needs Assessment of Family Planning Within a Ngöbe–Buglé Patient Population in Bocas Del Toro, Panama. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard Medical School. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:32676115 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Collaborators and Roles Mckenna Longacre, MM: Thesis author. Project design, in partnership with Floating Doctors. Grant proposals and IRB. Questionnaire design and translation. Survey sampling methodology. All fieldwork, including focus groups, key informant interviews and patient surveys. Final data analysis. Composition of final manuscript (with contribution from coauthors). Project follow-up. Austin T. Jones, BA: Fieldwork, including focus groups, key informant interviews and patient surveys. Edit of results and discussion in final manuscript. Jeffrey N. Katz, MD, MS: Project mentor, including design, analysis and scientific writing. Edits of manuscript for content and style. Kim Wilson, MD, MPH: Project mentor. Advisement of study design and data analysis. Edits of content and style in manuscript. Competing Interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. 2 Acknowledgements I would like to extend my gratitude to Dr. Bobby Gottlieb Dr. Rebecca Luckett for their guidance and enthusiasm throughout this endeavor.
  • Results from the VERASAN Intervention in Rural Panama

    Results from the VERASAN Intervention in Rural Panama

    Policy Implications from a Panama-McGill Collaboration: Results from the VERASAN Intervention in Rural Panama Rachel Krause 2014 McBurney Fellow McGill Institute for Health and Social Policy Child Health and the VERASAN Intervention in Panama 1 Project Overview Student name: Rachel Krause Department: Institute of Parasitology Organization: Panama Ministry of Health Location: Panama City and Santiago, Panama Mentors: Dr. Marilyn Scott (Parasitology) and Dr. Kristine Koski (Nutrition) Fellowship Duration: 18 July to 9 August 2014, 19 February to 25 March 2015 About the McBurney Fellowship Program Through McGill’s Institute for Health and Social Policy, the McBurney Fellowship Program supports students in international service programs related to health and social policy in Latin America. McBurney Fellows serve abroad in organizations working to meet the basic needs of local populations. One key aspect of this fellowship is its mandate to make a significant contribution to improving the health and social conditions of poor and marginalized populations through the delivery of concrete and measurable interventions. Students and their mentors identify issues, make connections with local organizations, and develop a strategy for the fellowship. The views expressed in this document are the opinions of the fellow, and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the IHSP. Contents Project Overview ............................................................ 1 Contents ......................................................................... 1 Fellowship
  • A Rights-Based Approach to Health in South America?

    A Rights-Based Approach to Health in South America?

    BUILDING A REGIONAL HEALTH AGENDA: A RIGHTS-BASED APPROACH TO HEALTH IN SOUTH AMERICA? THE CASE OF UNASUR AND ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE AND MEDICINES1 María Belén Herrero and Jorgelina Loza Working Paper 15-8 1 The research for this Working Paper was carried out with support from the UK ESRC-DFID Poverty Reduction and Regional Integration (PRARI) research project (Grant Reference ES/L005336/1), led by The Open University, UK. It does not necessarily reflect the opinions of the ESRC or DfID. The authors warmly thank Nicola Yeates, Pia Riggirozzi and Stephen Kingah for all their very helpful feedback on earlier versions of this paper. Any errors of fact are, of course, our own. ABSTRACT Attention to health policies in Southern regional organizations reveals a new ‘social turn’ in the regional political economy of international cooperation. The aims of this paper are twofold. First, it aims to establish to what extent the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) has adopted and sustained policy interventions committed to addressing social inequities and asymmetries in relation to health, as indicated by regional policy agendas, policy development processes, and resourcing. Second, it seeks to understand how UNASUR is in practice mobilising national and regional actors in support of such policies. Our analysis of documentary and interview sources of evidence leads us to draw the following conclusions. First, we argue that the UNASUR regional framework has a committed social equity/rights focus in relation to access to health care and medicines with a clear focus on reducing asymmetries between countries. Second, although UNASUR does not enforce national commitments on health and medicines, it nonetheless plays a role in expanding domestic policy horizons and policy capacities.
  • THE SOY MIRAGE the Limits of Corporate Social Responsibility: the Case of the Company Desarrollo Agrícola Del Paraguay

    THE SOY MIRAGE the Limits of Corporate Social Responsibility: the Case of the Company Desarrollo Agrícola Del Paraguay

    OXFAM RESEARCH REPORTS AUGUST 2013 THE SOY MIRAGE The limits of corporate social responsibility: the case of the company Desarrollo Agrícola del Paraguay ARANTXA GUEREÑA RESEARCH TEAM: ARANTXA GUEREÑA AND QUINTÍN RIQUELME Monoculture production of soybeans in Paraguay has rapidly expanded to occupy 80 percent of cultivated lands, exacerbating the inequitable access to land and displacing agricultural production by family farmers and indigenous populations. The company Desarrollo Agrícola del Paraguay sought to differentiate its actions in the sector by adopting a policy of social and environmental responsibility and investing in community-based initiatives, the results of which are analyzed in this report. However, this company’s efforts do not compensate for the negative impacts created by a model of production that increases the concentration of land and wealth, contaminates the environment, harms people’s health, competes for limited resources and puts at risk the traditional livelihoods of small-scale farmers and indigenous communities. Oxfam Research Reports are written to share research results, to contribute to public debate and to invite feedback on development and humanitarian policy and practice. They do not necessarily reflect Oxfam policy positions. The views expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of Oxfam. www.oxfam.org CONTENTS Executive summary ....................................................................... 3 1 Introduction ...............................................................................