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Población Y Desarrollo 55 6(5,( población y desarrollo Commemoration of the tenth anniversary of the International Conference on Population and Development: actions undertaken to implement the Programme of Action of the Conference in Latin America and the Caribbean Population Division – Latin American and Caribbean Demographic Centre (ECLAC – CELADE), with the collaboration of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Santiago, Chile, June 2004 The final version of this technical report was prepared by the Population Division -Latin American and Caribbean Demographic Centre (ECLAC- CELADE), in its capacity as technical secretariat of the ECLAC sessional Ad Hoc Committee on Population and Development. The first draft had been produced by the consultant Edith Pantelides, who based her work on a detailed report prepared by the consultant Anitza Freitez, which systematized, presented and analysed the results of the survey on the implementation of the Programme of Action, promoted by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in each of the countries of the region. The secretariat is grateful to UNFPA for its invaluable work in carrying out this study and for its significant financial contribution. The views expressed in this document, which has been reproduced without formal editing, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Organization. United Nations Publication ISSN printed version: 1680-8991 ISSN online version: 1680-9009 ISBN: 92-1-121516-1 LC/L.2064-/Rev.1-P Original: SPANISH Sales No.: E.04.II.G.78 Copyright © United Nations, June 2004. All rights reserved Printed in United Nations, Santiago, Chile Applications for the right to reproduce this work are welcomed and should be sent to the Secretary of the Publications Board, United Nations Headquarters, New York, N.Y. 10017, U.S.A. Member States and their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without prior authorization, but are requested to mention the source and inform the United Nations of such reproduction. CEPAL - SERIE Población y desarrollo N° 55 Table of contents Summary.............................................................................................5 Introduction........................................................................................7 I. Continuity, changes and emerging phenomena in the sociodemographic context .............................................9 1. Economic, social and political changes .................................9 2. Main demographic trends ....................................................10 II. Implementation of the Cairo programme of action .......19 1. Integration of population issues into the public agenda and in public policies ...........................................................19 2. Activities implemented ........................................................23 3. Rights and equity .................................................................37 III. Collaboration between governments, civil society and the private sector............................................................51 IV. Available resources................................................................55 V. Outstanding issues ................................................................57 Bibliography.....................................................................................61 Annex.................................................................................................65 Serie población y desarrollo: issues published.....................77 3 CEPAL - SERIE Población y desarrollo N° 55 Summary This document describes the main social, economic, political and demographic features of Latin America and the Caribbean in the last 10 years as a backdrop to the implementation in the region of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development agreed in Cairo in 1994. In this regard, the region has been characterized by an unsatisfactory, indeed erratic, economic performance, high poverty levels, which authorities seem unable to bring under control, persistent socio-economic inequality, political instability and, notwithstanding all this, a demographic transition that continues to advance relentlessly. Following this description is a detailed account of the actions undertaken by the countries in the region to put into practice the Programme of Action. First, the authors examine the efforts made by individual countries to place population issues on the agenda and incorporate them in public policies; in this regard, a wide range of institutional arrangements were adopted including the establishment of specific bodies responsible for population issues, technical units in sectoral ministries and working groups active in large-scale public programmes directed towards cross-cutting issues, such as gender, poverty and the environment. Population issues have also been incorporated more intensively into decentralization processes underway in the countries of the region. The document considers actions and measures taken at the national level —and in some cases at the regional and subregional levels— in the following areas: location of the population and 5 Commemoration of the tenth anniversary of the International Conference on Population and Development migration; sexual and reproductive health and safe motherhood; human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS); violence against women; primary and secondary education; care for older persons; information, research and training in the field of population, social equity and gender; and reproductive rights. In this analysis, attention is drawn to the joint efforts made by the Government, civil society and the private sector and a brief description is given of the resources used in this task. Lastly, the authors identify the outstanding issues and future challenges posed by implementation of the Programme of Action in the region. 6 CEPAL - SERIE Población y desarrollo N° 55 Introduction At its regular meeting in May 2002 —held in Brasilia within the framework of the twenty-ninth session of the Commission— the ECLAC sessional Ad Hoc Committee on Population and Development agreed, under resolution 590 (XXIX), to examine the progress achieved in Latin America and the Caribbean in implementing the Programme of Action adopted by the International Conference on Population and Development. To this end, the Committee requested the Population Division -Latin American and Caribbean Demographic Centre (ECLAC-CELADE), to prepare, in collaboration with the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), a document describing the actions undertaken in the countries of the region to implement the Programme of Action. This technical report compiles information from the national consultation processes, including the results of the survey conducted by UNFPA in each of the countries of the region on the progress achieved in the past ten years in implementing the Programme of Action, the conclusions of recent research and the regional system of indicators for monitoring implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development. It also incorporates the results of the assessment of the implementation of the Programme of Action in the Caribbean (11-12 November 2003, Port of Spain). An initial version of this document was presented at the open- ended meeting of the Presiding Officers of the Ad Hoc Committee, which was held at ECLAC headquarters in Santiago, Chile, on 10 and 11 March 2004. That event was attended by almost 40 government 7 Commemoration of the tenth anniversary of the International Conference on Population and Development delegations and more than 300 persons from ECLAC member countries, countries with observer status and non-governmental organizations. This initial version served as the principal substantive input for the Declaration which was adopted at the open-ended meeting. The present version incorporates the comments expressed at that meeting, together with those transmitted to the Office of the Executive Secretary in March and April 2004,1 and constitutes the region’s contribution to the global ten-year review process on the implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development. This document reports on the social, economic, political and demographic context of the last 10 years in the region, describes the actions undertaken by the countries in the region to implement the Programme of Action –including the collaborative efforts made by the Government, civil society and the private sector– gives an account of the resources used for the task and, lastly, focuses on identifying the outstanding issues and future challenges in terms of implementation of the Programme of Action in the region. 1 The comments received from the following countries were incorporated in this final version: Bahamas, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala and Paraguay. 8 CEPAL - SERIE Población y desarrollo N° 55 I. Continuity, changes and emerging phenomena in the sociodemographic context 1. Economic, social and political changes Over the last 10 years the economies of Latin America have been experiencing considerable volatility, and this situation has been further aggravated by three economic crises. In particular, the poor performance seen during the first few years of the new millennium (GDP growth was 0.4% in 2001, decreased to -0.4% in 2002 and went up slightly to 1.5% in 2003) led to a reduction in
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