This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G
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This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: • This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. • A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. • This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. • The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. • When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. SCRIBAL HABITS IN CODEX SINAITICUS, VATICANUS, EPHRAEMI, BEZAE, AND WASHINGTONIANUS IN THE GOSPEL OF MATTHEW GREGORY SCOTT PAULSON A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, NEW COLLEGE IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY EDINBURGH, UK 2013 The thesis has been composed by the candidate and is the candidate’s own work. Gregory Scott Paulson, Ph.D. candidate ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page..................................................................................................... i Declaration................................................................................................... ii Table of Contents......................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements...................................................................................... xi Abbreviations, Critical Signs, and Collation Key........................................ xii Abstract........................................................................................................ xx Chapter One: Introduction........................................................................... 1 1.1. Why the Gospel of Matthew?.............................................................. 3 1.2. The Selection of Manuscripts.............................................................. 4 1.3. Studies of Scribal Habits and a Lacuna in Research............................ 6 1.3.1. E.C. Colwell...................................................................................... 7 1.3.2. James R. Royse................................................................................. 7 1.3.3. Juan Hernández Jr............................................................................. 8 1.3.4. A Lacuna in Research....................................................................... 9 1.4. Definition of Singular Reading and Methodology............................... 12 1.4.1. Critique of the Singular Reading Methodology................................ 14 1.4.1.1. Preliminary Remarks...................................................................... 14 1.4.1.2. True Singularity of a Variant......................................................... 15 1.4.1.3. Limitations of Printed Editions...................................................... 18 1.4.2. Precautions........................................................................................ 19 1.4.3. Uncorrected Readings....................................................................... 21 1.5. Layout of the Dissertation.................................................................... 24 Chapter Two: Codex Sinaiticus................................................................... 26 2.1. Introduction........................................................................................... 26 2.1.1. The Scribes......................................................................................... 27 2.1.2. Dictation Theory................................................................................ 27 2.2. Nomina Sacra........................................................................................ 28 2.2.1. Overview of Nomina Sacra................................................................ 28 2.2.2. Scribe A.............................................................................................. 29 2.2.2.1. Primary Nomina Sacra.................................................................... 29 2.2.2.2. Secondary Nomina Sacra................................................................ 29 2.2.2.3. Tertiary Nomina Sacra.................................................................... 30 2.2.3. Scribe D.............................................................................................. 31 2.3. The Singular Readings of Scribe A in Sinaiticus in Matthew.............. 32 2.3.1. Orthography....................................................................................... 32 2.3.1.1. Overview of Orthography............................................................... 32 2.3.1.2. Itacisms........................................................................................... 34 2.3.1.3. Other Vocalic Changes................................................................... 34 2.3.1.4. Consonantal Changes...................................................................... 34 iii 2.3.1.5. Omissions and Additions of Letters................................................ 35 2.3.1.6. Other Spellings................................................................................ 35 2.3.2. Inexplicable Spellings........................................................................ 35 2.3.3. Nonsense in Context.......................................................................... 36 2.3.4. Parablepsis......................................................................................... 36 2.3.4.1. Overview of Parablepsis................................................................. 36 2.3.4.2. Haplography.................................................................................... 37 2.3.4.3. Dittography..................................................................................... 39 2.3.5. Transpositions.................................................................................... 39 2.3.5.1. Overview of Transpositions............................................................ 39 2.3.5.2. Corrected Leaps.............................................................................. 41 2.3.5.3. Transpositions................................................................................. 42 2.3.6. Influence from Context...................................................................... 42 2.3.7. Gospel Harmonizations...................................................................... 45 2.3.7.1. Harmonization Overview................................................................ 45 2.3.7.2. Gospel Parallels............................................................................... 46 2.3.8. The Use of Conjunctions.................................................................... 47 2.3.9. Definite Articles................................................................................. 47 2.3.10. Other Substitutions........................................................................... 48 2.3.11. Other Omissions............................................................................... 50 2.3.12. Inexplicable Changes....................................................................... 51 2.3.13. Koine Grammar................................................................................ 52 2.3.14. Other Construed Singular Readings................................................. 52 2.3.15. Theological Readings and Interpretation of the Text....................... 53 2.4. The Singular Readings of Scribe D in Matthew................................... 54 2.5. Conclusion............................................................................................ 56 Chapter Three: Codex Vaticanus................................................................. 59 3.1. Introduction........................................................................................... 59 3.2. Nomina Sacra........................................................................................ 59 3.2.1. Primary Nomina Sacra....................................................................... 59 3.2.2. Secondary and Tertiary Nomina Sacra.............................................. 60 3.3. The Singular Readings in Vaticanus in Matthew.................................. 60 3.3.1. Orthography....................................................................................... 61 3.3.1.1. Itacisms........................................................................................... 61 3.3.1.2. Other Vocalic Changes................................................................... 61 3.3.1.3. Consonantal Orthography............................................................... 61 3.3.2. Misconstrued Spellings...................................................................... 62 3.3.3. Not Construed in Context.................................................................. 62 3.3.4. Parablepsis......................................................................................... 63 3.3.4.1. Haplography.................................................................................... 63 3.3.4.2. Dittography..................................................................................... 64 3.3.5. Influence from Context.....................................................................