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Analyse Van De Teruggooi in De Belgische Garnaalvisserij En

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Analyse Van De Teruggooi in De Belgische Garnaalvisserij En miii FACULTEIT LANDBOUWKUNDIGE EN UNIVERSITEIT TOEGEPASTE BIOLOGISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN GENT Academiejaar 2003 - 2004 EVALUATION OF BY-CATCH IN THE BELGIAN BROWN SHRIMP (Crangon crangon L.) FISHERY AND OF TECHNICAL MEANS TO REDUCE DISCARDING EVALUATIE VAN DE BIJVANGST IN DE BELGISCHE VISSERIJ OP GRIJZE GARNAAL (Crangon crangon L.) EN VAN TECHNISCHE MIDDELEN OM TERUGGOOI TE VERMINDEREN d o o r ir. Hans POLET Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor (Ph.D.) in Applied Biological Sciences Proefschrift voorgedragen tot het bekomen van de graad van Doctor in de Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen op gezag van: R ecto r: Prof. dr. ir. A. DE LEENHEER Decaan: Promotor: Prof. dr. ir. H. VAN LANGENHOVE Prof. dr. ir. R. VERSCHOORE The author and the promotor give the authorization to consult and to copy parts of this work for personal use only. Any other use is limited by the Laws of Copyright, particularly concerning the obligation to mention the source when reproducing parts of this work. De auteur en de promotor geven de toelating dit proefschrift voor consultatie beschikbaar te stellen en delen ervan te kopiëren voor persoonlijk gebruik. Elk ander gebruik valt onder de beperkingen van het auteursrecht, in het bijzonder met betrekking tot de verplichting uitdrukkelijk de bron te vermelden bij het aanhalen van resultaten uit dit proefschrift. Gent, 15 december 2003 Promotor: Auteur: Prof. dr. ir. R. Verschoore ir. Hans Polet 0-1 Table of contents Table of contents................................................................................................................................................1 Dankwoord..........................................................................................................................................................3 1 Introduction................................................................................................................................................ 5 1.1 Fisheries...............................................................................................................................................5 1.2 Area of study.......................................................................................................................................8 1.3 Organisational and financial framework of this study..................................................................11 2 Problems associated with fisheries in general and Brown Shrimp fisheries in particular 13 2.1 Overfishing.......................................................................................................................................13 2.1.1 Overcapacity ............................................................................................................................. 13 2.1.2 Technological development ......................................................................................................14 2.2 Science and management.................................................................................................................15 2.3 Monitoring and control....................................................................................................................16 2.4 Environmental degradation............................................................................................................. 16 2.5 Discarding......................................................................................................................................... 17 2.6 The Brown Shrimp fishery.............................................................................................................. 18 3 Objectives ................................................................................................................................................. 21 4 The shrimp trawler fleet ........................................................................................................................ 23 4.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 23 4.2 Materials and methods.................................................................................................................... 23 4.3 Results................................................................................................................................................24 4.3.1 The Belgian shrimp trawler fleet ............................................................................................24 4.3.2 The North Sea shrimp trawler fle et ....................................................................................... 31 4.4 Discussion......................................................................................................................................... 34 4.5 Conclusions....................................................................................................................................... 36 5 Discarding by the shrimp trawler fleet ............................................................................................... 37 5.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 37 5.2 Materials and methods.....................................................................................................................37 5.2.1 General plan ............................................................................................................................. 37 5.2.2 Planning o f the sea trials ........................................................................................................ 38 5.2.3 Sampling and analysis o f the catch ........................................................................................ 39 5.2.4 Data analysis.............................................................................................................................40 5.3 Results................................................................................................................................................42 5.3.1 National data.............................................................................................................................42 5.3.2 North Sea data ..........................................................................................................................52 5.4 Discussion......................................................................................................................................... 54 5.5 Conclusions...................................................................................................................................... 57 6 Biological and economic consequences of discarding in the Brown Shrimp fishery................ 59 6.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 59 6.2 Materials and methods .....................................................................................................................59 6.3 Results ................................................................................................................................................61 6.3.1 The biological and economic consequences o f discarding in the Crangon fisheries 61 6.3.2 The benefits arising from the introduction o f selective fishing gears ................................ 62 6.3.3 The effects o f a closed season in the German fishery .......................................................... 65 6.4 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................... 65 7 Selectivity of the shrimp beam trawl..................................................................................................68 7.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 68 7.2 Materials and methods .................................................................................................................... 70 7.2.1 The fishing area, the vessel and the trawl .............................................................................70 7.2.2 The cod-end and the net covers .............................................................................................. 72 7.2.3 Data collection and analysis ................................................................................................... 73 73 Results................................................................................................................................................74 7.3.1 Fishing conditions ................................................................................................................... 74 7.3.2 Cod-end selectivity ....................................................................................................................77 Table of contents 0-2 7.3.3 Whole trawl selectivity ..............................................................................................................79 7.4 Discussion.......................................................................................................................................... 84 7.5 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................86 8 Evaluation
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