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POSTER ABSTRACTS A# = Advanced Photon Source Abstracts C# = Center for Nanoscale Materials Abstracts ESRP# = Exemplary Student Research Program Abstracts 2018 APS/CNM USERS MEETING APS/CNM 2018 USERS MEETING POSTER ABSTRACTS A# = Advanced Photon Source abstracts C# = Center for Nanoscale Materials abstracts ESRP# = Exemplary Student Research Program abstracts 79 Poster Abstracts 80 2018 APS/CNM USERS MEETING APS/CNM 2018 USERS MEETING APS POSTER ABSTRACTS 81 APS Poster Abstracts 82 2018 APS/CNM USERS MEETING estimate the magnitude of this effect. Further ultrafast XAS Chemistry studies on the Cd and Te edges and fs optical transient A1 absorption studies will provide a full picture of the charge Internal Atomic‑scale Structure, Band separated state in ZnTe/CdSe CSQDs. Alignment, and Charge Transfer Dynamics This material is based upon work supported by the Robert C. and of ZnTe/CdSe Core/Shell Quantum Dots Carolyn J. Springborn Endowment for Student Support Program and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship 1 1 1 Cecilia Gentle , Tyler Haddock , Conner Dykstra , Program. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations Ming-Feng Tu2, Andre al Haddad2,Gilles Doumy2, expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not Anne Marie March2, and Renske van der Veen1 necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana‑Champaign, This research was carried out in part in the Frederick Seitz Materials Champaign, IL 61801 Research Laboratory Central Research Facilities, University of Illinois. Additionally, this research used resources of the Advanced Photon 2 Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Heterostructured nanomaterials (i.e., core/shell quantum Laboratory under Contract No. DE‑AC02‑06CH11357 and the Center dots, quantum dot-metal oxides, heterostructured rods) for Nanoscale Materials, an Office of Science User Facility, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office are ideal high efficiency solar energy chromophores of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE‑AC02‑06CH11357. because of the broad absorption spectra, excellent photostability of quantum dots, as well as their promising A2 potential to increase the conversion efficiency above Mapping the Electrochemical Double Layer the Schockley-Quiesser limit. The aim of this project at the Graphene‑water Interface with is to unravel the internal atomic-scale structure, band Resonant Anomalous X‑ray Reflectivity alignment and charge transfer dynamics of Type II ZnTe/ Katherine Harmon1, Sang Soo Lee2, Michael Bedzyk1,3, CdSe core/shell quantum dots (CSQDs). To achieve this and Paul Fenter2 goal, a multitude of static and ultrafast characterization 1 Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, tools, including femtosecond-resolved laser spectroscopy Evanston, IL 60208 and picosecond resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy 2 Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National are used. Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 Our static EXAFS results at the Zn and Se K-edges confirm 3 Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, the presence of pure zinc blende (ZB) ZnTe and CdSe Evanston, IL 60202 phases in the core-shell quantum dots. On the other hand, Electrochemical energy storage is driven by the formation EXAFS at the Cd and Te K-edges indicate the presence of a capacitive electrochemical double layer (EDL) at the of an intermediate CdTe layer at the core-shell interface. electrode-electrolyte interface. A complete understanding Such interface layer was suggested in the literature, but of the atomic-scale structure of the EDL would enhance unambiguous element-specific analysis was lacking so far. the ability to optimize energy storage in capacitive devices. Initial ps-resolved XAS results show clear transient features Gouy-Chapman theory for the EDL predicts a diffuse ion at both the Se and Zn K-edges. When compared to a profile near electrode surfaces under dilute electrolyte static difference spectrum, it is evident that the transient conditions. This theory is often assumed in the analysis cannot be explained by a simple shift of the ionization of many electrochemical studies, but the diffuse nature edge. A first qualitative analysis indicates contributions of the EDL has not been confirmed by experimental from photoinduced charge transfer and band filling/ observation. We aim to determine the applicability and depletion to the transient XANES spectrum, as well as limits of Gouy-Chapman theory to the EDL by probing the structural rearrangements affecting the higher-energy element-specific adsorbed ion structure as a function of transient XANES/EXAFS spectra. We are currently electrode potential and electrolyte concentration using performing FEFF calculations to disentangle the various resonant anomalous x-ray reflectivity. Here, we present processes and obtain a more quantitative picture of charge preliminary in situ electrochemical studies of Rb+ ion transfer dynamics. Laser induced heating of the sample adsorption at the graphene-water interface. The results may contribute to the apparent red shift observed at show a deviation from the ideal diffuse profile predicted both edges. For the laser fluences employed we expect by Gouy-Chapman. We explore the complexity of the temperature increases of the nanoparticle between on observed EDL and implications of these findings. the order of ~100–300 K. Heat diffusion calculations are underway to estimate the nanoparticle cooling times. Heat controlled static XAS experiments will be conducted to 83 APS Poster Abstracts This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of A4 Basic Energy Sciences, Midwest Integrated Center for Computational Materials (MICCoM), the U.S. Department of Defense through the High‑capacity Sodium Peroxide Based Na–O2 NDSEG program, and the Ryan Fellowship from the Northwestern Batteries with Low Charge Overpotential via International Institute for Nanotechnology. X‑ray reflectivity a Nanostructured Catalytic Cathode measurements were performed at the Advanced Photon Source at 1 1 2 ANL. The Advanced Photon Source is supported by the U.S. DOE/BES. Lu Ma , Tianpin Wu , and Jun Lu 1 X‑ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 A3 2 Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National X‑ray Spectroscopy of Iron‑based Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Rechargeable metal–air batteries, especially the 1 2 1 Scott C. Jensen , Dan Hartzler , and Yulia Pushkar nonaqueous Li–O batteries, are recognized as one of the 1 Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 2 most promising techniques for next-generation energy 2 National Energy Technology Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 storage owing to their high theoretical specific energy. While it has been reported that fuel cells can have However, one of the biggest challenges facing the Li–O2 50–55% efficiency versus their 15–25% gasoline internal battery is the large charge overpotential, which results in combustion engine counterparts, they also face several low round-trip efficiency and poor cycle life. Therefore, challenges that prevent wide scale integration into the an efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst energy sector. One of the largest challenges is the use is required to reduce the charge overpotential in the of platinum. This precious metal is used in both the Li–O2 system. Alternatively, via substitution of lithium by anode, where hydrogen fuel gets oxidized, and at the sodium, Hartmann et al. reported a rechargeable Na–O2 cathode, where oxygen gets reduced. Our work focuses battery with a very low charge overpotential of 0.2 V, even on replacing the platinum in the cathode, which has up without any catalyst employed on the cathode support. to 10x higher loading of platinum, with an iron-based Such low overpotential is mainly due to the relatively high catalyst. Fe-based catalysts were prepared starting from conductivity of the discharge product, sodium superoxide 2+ the readily available Fe salt and were shown to produce (NaO2). In contrast, the formation of LiO2 in a Li–O2 cell is upon (900–1000°C) calcination Fe-carbide and Fe metallic very difficult because of its unfavorable thermodynamics. nanoparticles coated with graphene sheets. This material The formation of NaO2 is accomplished in a one-electron has high stability in both acidic and alkaline environments transfer reaction: compared to the nitrogen coordinated iron systems + – Na + O2 + e → NaO2 E0 = 2.27 V previously reported [1]. XAS analysis demonstrated that Fe centers are mostly in oxidation state Fe0 which is in From an energy density point of view, the one-electron agreement with Fe-carbide and Fe metal nano-particles transfer process (forming superoxide) has a theoretic –1 composition. In situ XAS showed change in the oxidation specific energy (1108 Wh kg ) that is drastically lower than state of Fe centers at the catalytic conditions with oxygen that of a cell with peroxide as discharge product via a –1 present and applied reducing potential. Fe Kβ XES two-electron process (1605 Wh kg ): + – was used to assess the spin state via main peak and Na + O2 + e → Na2O2 E0 = 2.33 V coordination environment of Fe via cross-over transition. With almost equal Gibbs free energy of formation Carbon coordination typical for Fe-carbide was noted. shown in reactions 1 and 2, NaO and Na O are both While nitrogen containing aromatics was used in samples 2 2 2 thermodynamically possible discharge products in a Na–O preparation we did not detect the presence of FeNx 2 cell, with Na O being slightly more favorable at standard species implicated in catalytic activity of other Fe-based 2 2 conditions. In fact, sodium peroxide (mostly as hydrates) oxygen reduction systems. Obtained spectroscopic based Na–O batteries have been reported. However, data will be used for further optimization of the catalytic 2 the results are ambiguous and the overpotentials are performance of this system. large (~1.6 V). Here, we have applied Pd nanoparticles as [1] Y.
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