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Scientific Contacts of Polish Physicists with Albert Einstein
The Global and the Local: The History of Science and the Cultural Integration of Europe. nd Proceedings of the 2 ICESHS (Cracow, Poland, September 6–9, 2006) / Ed. by M. Kokowski. Bronisław Średniawa * Scientific contacts of Polish physicists with Albert Einstein Abstract Scientific relations of Polish physicists, living in Poland and on emigration,with Albert Einstein, in the first half of 20th century are presented. Two Polish physicists, J. Laub and L. Infeld, were Einstein’s collaborators. The exchange of letters between M. Smoluchowski and Einstein contributed essentially to the solution of the problem of density fluctuations. S Loria, J. Kowalski, W. Natanson, M. Wolfke and L. Silberstein led scientific discussions with Einstein. Marie Skłodowska-Curie collaborated with Einstein in the Commission of Intelectual Cooperation of the Ligue of Nations. Einstein proposed scientific collaboration to M. Mathisson, but because of the breakout of the 2nd World War and Mathisson’s death their collaboration could not be realised. Contacts of Polish physicists with Einstein contributed to the development of relativity in Poland. (1) Introduction Many Polish physicists of older generation, who were active in Polish universities and abroad before the First World War or in the interwar period, had personal contacts with Einstein or exchanged letters with him. Contacts of Polish physicists with Einstein certainly inspired some Polish theoreticians to scientific work in relativity. These contacts encouraged also Polish physicists to make effort in the domain of popularization of relativity and of the progress of physics in the twenties and thirties. We can therefore say that the contacts of Polish physicists with Einstein contributed to the development of theoretical physics in Poland. -
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! Revising Space Time Geometry: A Proposal for a New Romance in Many Dimensions Renate Quehenberger* Quantum Cinema - a digital Vision (PEEK) Department of Mediatheory at the University of Applied Arts, Vienna August 25, 2012 Abstract The ontological positioning of our existence, deeply connected with the hierarchy problem concerning the dimensions of space and time, is one of the major problems for our understanding of the “ultimate” nature of reality. The resulting problem is that mathematical concepts that need so-called “extra-dimensions” have been widely disregarded owing to a lack of physical interpretation. This article reviews conventions, imaginations and assumptions about the non-imaginative by starting at the origins of the of 4D and 5D space-time concepts and proposing a new geometrical approach via a hyper- Euclidian path for a mentally accessible vision of continuous AND discrete complex space configuration in dimensions up to higher order. e-mail address: [email protected] 1 RCZ Quehenberger “Time and Space... It is not nature which imposes them upon us, it is we who impose them upon nature because we find them convenient.” [Henri Poincaré, 1905] Introduction The general physicists’ assertion is that we are living in a three-dimensional world with one time- dimension and cosmic space is curved in the fourth dimension is based on a relativistic world view that has gained general acceptance. In fact this is a post-Copernicanian world view which does not pay attention to the consequences of Max Planck’s revolution and the development in quantum physics of the past 100 years. -
Simulating Galactical Vorticity Using a Supersymmetric Operator
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340262362 Simulating galactical vorticity using a supersymmetric operator Technical Report · March 2020 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.34254.00323 CITATIONS READS 0 16 2 authors: Sergio Manzetti Alexander Trunev Fjordforsk A/S Likalo LLC, Toronto, Canada 107 PUBLICATIONS 1,125 CITATIONS 101 PUBLICATIONS 109 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Halogenated silica nanoparticles for solar cell technologies. View project Wavefunction studies of molecules and oligomers. View project All content following this page was uploaded by Sergio Manzetti on 29 March 2020. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Simulating galactical vorticity using a supersymmetric operator. Sergio Manzetti 1;2∗ and Alexander Trounev 1;3 1. Fjordforsk A/S, Midtun, 6894 Vangsnes, Norway. Email: [email protected] 2.Uppsala University, BMC, Dept Mol. Cell Biol, Box 596, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. 3. A & E Trounev IT Consulting, Toronto, Canada. March 29, 2020 1 Abstract 1 Simulations of galactic vorticity require the development of complex systems of equations to generate models that account for the gravity, mass, kinetic, and electromagnetic effects which govern cluster behaviour. In this study, a rela- tionship is outlined through a series of steps, between the Einstein equations, the Ricci equations and the gravitational model of comoslogical bodies. This series of steps are then followed by the generation of a group of equations, in- cluding a supersymmetric equation which describes vorticity under the presence of an electromagnetic field for quantized systems. -
Page 287 PUTTING WHITEHEAD's THEORY of GRAVITATION in ITS
“07desmet” i i 2011/6/5 page 287 i i Logique & Analyse 214 (2011), 287–315 PUTTING WHITEHEAD'S THEORY OF GRAVITATION IN ITS HISTORICAL CONTEXT RONNY DESMET Introduction Alfred North Whitehead (1861–1947) is known by many for his Principia Mathematica collaboration with Bertrand Russell, and by some for his later philosophical works. This paper, however, does not focus on the mathe- matics of his Cambridge period (1880–1910), nor on the metaphysics of his Harvard period (1924–1947), but on Whitehead's involvement with relativ- ity during the London period of his professional career (1910–1924). This involvement culminated in an alternative rendering of Albert Einstein's gen- eral relativistic theory of gravitation, outlined in a number of publications, most notably in his 1922 book, The Principle of Relativity with applications to Physical Science. If one ignores the broader British reception of Einstein's physics of rela- tivity, Whitehead's alternative appears to be a creation out of nothing, and just as incomprehensible. The aim of this paper is to put Whitehead's theory of gravitation in its historical context. Like most of his British contemporaries, Whitehead only got acquainted with Einstein's 1905 special theory of relativity in the 1912–1914 time- frame, in Minkowski's format, and via the publications of, among others, Ebenezer Cunningham and Ludwik Silberstein, two men he also knew per- sonally. Whitehead wrote An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Natural Knowledge (1919) and The Concept of Nature (1920) with the aim of con- structing the special relativistic (Minkowksi's pseudo-Euclidean) space-time from the uniform spatio-temporal texture of our sense perception. -
Quaternions: a History of Complex Noncommutative Rotation Groups in Theoretical Physics
QUATERNIONS: A HISTORY OF COMPLEX NONCOMMUTATIVE ROTATION GROUPS IN THEORETICAL PHYSICS by Johannes C. Familton A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D Columbia University 2015 Approved by ______________________________________________________________________ Chairperson of Supervisory Committee _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Program Authorized to Offer Degree ___________________________________________________________________ Date _______________________________________________________________________________ COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY QUATERNIONS: A HISTORY OF COMPLEX NONCOMMUTATIVE ROTATION GROUPS IN THEORETICAL PHYSICS By Johannes C. Familton Chairperson of the Supervisory Committee: Dr. Bruce Vogeli and Dr Henry O. Pollak Department of Mathematics Education TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures......................................................................................................iv List of Tables .......................................................................................................vi Acknowledgements .......................................................................................... vii Chapter I: Introduction ......................................................................................... 1 A. Need for Study ........................................................................................ -
Notes on Special Relativity Honours-Level Module in Applied Mathematics
School of Mathematics and Statistics Te Kura M¯ataiTatauranga MATH 466/467 Special Relativity Module T1/T2 2020 Math 466/467: Notes on special relativity Honours-level module in Applied Mathematics Matt Visser School of Mathematics and Statistics, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://www.victoria.ac.nz/sms/about/staff/matt-visser Draft form: 3 March 2020; LATEX-ed March 3, 2020; c Matt Visser |VUW| Warning: Semi{Private | Not intended for large-scale dissemination. These notes are provided as a reading module for Math 466/467: Honours-level Applied Mathematics. There are still a lot of rough edges. Semi{Private | Not intended for large-scale dissemination. Math 466/467: Special Relativity Module 2 Contents I Notes: The special relativity 5 1 Minkowski spacetime 5 2 The Lorentz and Poincare groups 9 2.1 Full Lorentz group: 10 2.2 Restricted Lorentz group: 14 2.3 Poincare group: 15 2.4 Explicit Lorentz transformations 16 3 Quaternions (an aside) 21 4 Bi-quaternions (an aside) 24 5 Causal structure 25 6 Lorentzian metric 28 7 Inner product 32 8 Index-based methods for SR 33 9 Relativistic combination of velocities 34 10 Relativistic kinematics 34 11 Relativistic dynamics 38 12 Electromagnetic fields and forces 39 12.1 Lorentz transformations for electromagnetic fields 42 12.1.1 Transformation along the x direction 42 12.1.2 Summary: 44 12.1.3 Transformation along a general direction 44 12.2 Some exercises: 47 12.3 Lorentz force law 48 13 Relativistic scalar potential 54 14 -
Lorentz Contraction Vs. Einstein Contraction. Reichenbach and the Philosophical Reception of Miller's Ether-Drift Experiments
Lorentz Contraction vs. Einstein Contraction. Reichenbach and the Philosophical Reception of Miller’s Ether-Drift Experiments Marco Giovanelli Forum Scientiarum — Universität Tübingen, Doblerstrasse 33 72074 Tübingen, Germany [email protected] In 1925 Reichenbach, by reacting to the positive result of Miller’s ether-drift experiments, introduced a distinction between two types of rod contraction in special relativity: a kinematical ‘Einstein contraction,’ which depends on the definition of simultaneity, and a dynamical ‘Lorentz contraction.’ He argued that although both contractions happen to amount to the same Lorentz factor, they are conceptually different. In Reichenbach’s view, only the ‘Lorentz contraction’ is at stake in the Michelson-Morley experiment. The arm of Michelson’s interferometer is shorter than it would have been in classical mechanics in both Einstein and Lorentz’s theories. In both theories, the Lorentz contraction requires an atomistic explanation based on a yet-unknown theory of matter. This paper concludes that Reichenbach’s interpretation of special relativity shares features of the current neo-Lorentzian interpretations. Keywords: Hans Reichenbach • Lorentz Contraction • Special Relativity • Neo-Lorentzian Interpretation Introduction The aspect of Reichenbach’s interpretation of special relativity that has attracted the most attention is probably his famous conventionality of simultaneity—the freedom to choose which events are simultaneous in a given inertial frame depending on the value of the parameter . In a classical paper, David Malament (1977) has famously shown that one cannot allow such a freedom if one believes—as Reichenbach did—in the causal theory of time. Malament’s paper, the epitome of an influential work, has generated an enormous amount of discussion (cf. -
The Relativity of Color Perception Michel Berthier, Valérie Garcin, Nicoletta Prencipe, Edoardo Provenzi
The relativity of color perception Michel Berthier, Valérie Garcin, Nicoletta Prencipe, Edoardo Provenzi To cite this version: Michel Berthier, Valérie Garcin, Nicoletta Prencipe, Edoardo Provenzi. The relativity of color per- ception. 2021. hal-02546380v3 HAL Id: hal-02546380 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02546380v3 Preprint submitted on 23 Apr 2021 (v3), last revised 31 May 2021 (v4) HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The relativity of color perception Michel Berthier∗1, Val´erieGarciny2, Nicoletta Prencipez3 and Edoardo Provenzix4 1Laboratoire MIA, La Rochelle Universit´e,Avenue Albert Einstein, BP 33060, 17031 La Rochelle, France 2,3,4Universit´ede Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, IMB, UMR 5251. F-33400, 351 Cours de la Lib´eration 3Huawei France SASU Abstract Physical colors, i.e. reflected or emitted lights entering the eyes from a visual environment, are converted into perceived colors sensed by humans by neurophysiological mechanisms. These processes involve both three types of photoreceptors, the LMS cones, and spectrally opponent and non-opponent interactions resulting from the activity rates of ganglion and lateral geniculate nucleus cells. Thus, color perception is a phenomenon inherently linked to an experimental environment (the visual scene) and an observing apparatus (the human visual system). -
HE HISTORY of SINGULARITY THEOREMS In' Einstein's General
HE HISTORY OF SINGULARITY THEOREMS in' Einstein's general theory ofrelativity (GTR) is very far from an idealized textbook presentation where an analy- sis of space-time singularities is followed by theorems about existence of in to the Einstein field equations (EFE);1 indeed, crucial advances in the ofthe concept ofspace-time singularity were driven by a need to understand what various singularity theorems and demon- The theorems ofRoger Penrose and Stephen Hawking on a new and mathematically precise definition of singularities, although was not clear from the first publications of the results and it may not have been clear to the authors themselves. These theorems did succeed in convincingthe general relativity singularities, in onesense ofthat term, are a generic feature ofsolutions to EPE. However, these theorems subsequent generalizations not settle the debate about the correct definition of singularities; in fact, it has become increasingly clear that there is no one 'correct' 1 Einstein's field equations (EFE), with cosmological constant term, read: where RlJ,v is the Ricci tensor, R is the Riemann curvature scalar, A is the cosmological constant, and Tf-tv is the stress-energy tensor. An equivalent form ofthe field equations is where T is the trace of Tp,v. In what follows I have changed notation in the original papers to conform to the (+ ++-) signature for the space-time metric. In keeping with the style of the times, I have used the component notation for tensors instead ofthe abstract index notation now in vogue. H.Goenner, J."Renn,'J. T.'Sauer(eds.) 235 The Expanding Worlds ofGeneral Relativity (Einstein Studies, volume 7)pp.' 235-267 @1999 The Centerfor Einstein Studies 236 John Earman definition and that the term 'space-time singularity' points to a sizable family of distinct though interrelated pathologies that can infect relativistic space-times. -
Entropy, Decoherence and Spacetime Splitting
OPEN ACCESS www.sciforum.net/conference/ecea-2 Conference Proceedings Paper – Entropy Entropy, Decoherence and Spacetime Splitting Rodolfo A. Fiorini Politecnico di Milano, Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Milano, Italy; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +039-02-2399-3350; Fax: +039-02-2399-3360. Published: Abstract: The "Science 2.0" paradigm has not yet been completely grasped by many contemporary scientific disciplines and current researchers, so that not all the implications of this big change have been realized hitherto, even less their related, vital applications. Thus, one of the key questions in understanding the quantum-classical transition is what happens to the superpositions as you go up that atoms-to-apple scale. Exactly when and how does "both/and" become "either/or"? As an example, we present and discuss the observer space-time splitting case. In other words, we discuss spacetime mapping to classical system additive representation with entropy generation. We argue that it is exactly at this point that "both/and" becomes "either/or" representation by usual Science 1.0 approach. CICT new awareness of a discrete HG (hyperbolic geometry) subspace (reciprocal space) of coded heterogeneous hyperbolic structures, underlying the familiar Q Euclidean (direct space) surface representation can open the way to holographic information geometry (HIG) to recover system lost coherence and to overall system entropy minimization. CICT can help us to develop strategies to gather much more reliable experimental information from single experimentation and to keep overall system information coherence. This paper is a relevant contribution towards an effective and convenient "Science 2.0" universal framework to develop more effective physics modeling and simulation for innovative application and beyond. -
Relativity Does Not Require Spacetime Curvature Roger J Anderton [email protected]
Relativity does not require Spacetime curvature Roger J Anderton [email protected] There was a great deal of criticism against Einstein’s relativity in its early days. Dingle eventually became a part of that criticism. Initially he was a supporter of Einstein’s relativity and eventually decided it was wrong. But Dingle was still a relativist. (Although some try to rewrite history that he was a relationist not relativist.) [1] Really Dingle had not learnt his relativity from Einstein. Dingle had learnt his relativity from a non-Einstein tradition of relativity; namely via Whitehead. That there was a second tradition of relativity besides Einstein was dealt with in my previous article. [2] There was an alternative relativity to Einstein’s involving many people, and in that relativity – spacetime curvature was not required. The relativity issue at present gets bogged down with people who cannot understand the basic idea of relativity that objects move relative to each other, when really the issue is that Einstein did not have a proper understanding of relativity. With them diverting the discussion onto their mental blindspot with relativity, we are diverted from the real issue. They are in a sense the reason why Einstein’s mistakes are still upheld, because they block proper discussion. So let’s now pick up the real issue- Ronny Desmet [3] informs us: “………Whitehead and Einstein discussed relativity is what Phillip Frank writes in his Einstein biography. According to Frank: “Whitehead had long discussions with Einstein and repeatedly attempted to convince him that on metaphysical grounds the attempt must be made to get along without the assumption of a curvature of space. -
A Study Eclipsed by Confirmation Bias
1 MIT Student Professors David Jones and David Kaiser STS.003: The Rise of Modern Science Final Paper, Option A: 8 December 2010 A Study Eclipsed by Confirmation Bias How does one become an overnight celebrity? It takes a theory of gravitation rivaling Newton’s and a solar eclipse. In 1919, when Sir Arthur Eddington reported that starlight had been deflected by the Sun’s gravity by an amount predicted by Albert Einstein’s general relativity after expeditions to Sobral and Principe, major international newspapers and scientific societies (The New York Times and the Royal Society, among others) congratulated Einstein.1 But Eddington’s methods were anything but a cause for celebration. Since he let his personal and political bias influence his work and took advantage of his experiment’s interpretability and his status in the scientific community, I argue that his case was one of scientific misconduct involving suppression of data and ipsedixitism. Eddington’s motivations to undertake the experiment were not hidden; he was already a supporter of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. Eddington, a British astrophysicist and pacifist, performed this experiment wanting a victory for Einstein, a German physicist and pacifist, because he believed it would signify post-World War I political reconciliation between the UK and Germany.2 The rift between Allied and German scholars began when well-known German scientists like Max Planck signed the 1 Alan Lightman, “Relativity and the cosmos,” Nova (Jun 2005), available at http://pbs.org/wgbh/nova/einstein/relativity (accessed 8 Dec 2010). 2 Daniel Kennefick, “Testing relativity from the 1919 eclipse—A question of bias,” Physics Today 62 (March 2009): 37–42, on 37.