Institute of Astronomy Postgraduate Student Handbook 2011–2012
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Institute of Astronomy Postgraduate Student Handbook 2011–2012 Table of Contents 1 Welcome 1 2 New Arrivals 3 3 Potential Supervisors and their Research Interests 5 4 Departmental Life 18 5 Computers 27 6 Reference 32 7 Who’s Who 35 8 Evaluation 39 9 Travel and Money Issues (for PhD students) 42 10 Undergraduate Teaching 45 11 Other Resources 47 12 Transferable Skills 51 13 Survival Tips for Living and Working in Cambridge 54 14 Life outside the IoA and Astronomy 58 15 Some Fellow Students 66 16 Credits 71 This document is available in PDF format at www.ast.cam.ac.uk/sites/default/files/postgrad_ handbook_2011.pdf 3 1 Welcome Rob Kennicutt, Director It is a pleasure to welcome you to the Institute of Astronomy. Your advancement into postgraduate work marks the beginning of your career as a professional astrophysicist, and we welcome you as a fullfledged member of our community. We take great pride in the standard of excellence and the unique intellectual environment at the IoA, and not the least in the energy and vitality that our postgraduate students bring to our Institute. Astronomy in Cambridge goes back to the time of Sir Isaac Newton, and breakthroughs ranging from the discovery of Neptune, pulsars, and the bending of light to the theories of gravity, relativistic astrophysics, and cosmology, stellar structure and nucleosynthesis, and the formation, evolution, and nuclear activities in galaxies all trace back to here. The IoA itself is an amalgam of the historic Cambridge Observatory with the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy, a theory institute founded by Fred Hoyle. From its beginnings the IoA has thrived as an institute built not around large telescopes and laboratories but rather around people, and where daily conversations over coffee and tea are the key incubators for new ideas and advances. Recently our family grew yet again with the establishment of the Kavli Centre for Cosmology, Cambridge, a joint effort between ourselves, the Cavendish Physics Laboratory and the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP). As you enter postrgraduate work you will soon notice a rather different environment from your undergraduate experience. In place of the carefully constructed problems presented to you as undergraduates, you will embark on new lines of inquiry without knowing precisely where they will lead, and creating new knowledge as you go. This requires a whole new set of skills. In place of textbooks and lectures you will need to teach yourself about new subjects through a combination of journal articles, preprints, and conversations with your supervisor and other colleagues. You will learn how to separate good papers from bad; endure the frustrations of tedious work, mistakes, and dead trails, punctuated by the elation of breaking through a problem for the first time; how to solve problems on your own and in a team; and how to present your rocket science understandably in talks and in writing. You should not doubt your ability to develop all of these skills and complete a thesis along the way – you would not be here if we were not confident of that. Just as important will be to work persistently without the regular coaxing of supervisions, homework assignments, and exams that you received as undergraduates. At this level maintaining your motivation and latent curiosity is just as important as raw talent, and for many it will be your sternest challenge. Some of you will arrive with a clear idea and plan for your research topic, but most of you will only have a vague idea, and that is fine! Most of your Professors (including this one) changed research directions after entering graduate school, and here you have a huge array of topics to choose from. 1 The Director is a very friendly and approachable person, especially at Christmas time! The IoA is virtually unique among European astronomy departments in allowing its students to select their own PhD topic, after visiting with as many potential supervisors as you like. This may strike some as a terrifying prospect at first, but it will introduce you to much of the science (and many of the scientists) at the Institute, and it is the first of many seeds we plant to help instill intellectual independence, initiative, and creativity. You will find a wide choice of research topics as well as research styles, ranging from tightly defined projects within established research groups to wide-open problems working one-on-one with a supervisor. Your choice is not irrevocable. If your initial project does not work out just let us know, and we will help you to make new arrangements. Looking further ahead, we expect many of our PhD students to move on to a postdoctoral research and eventually to academic positions, but many move on to careers in teaching, technology, software, and finance, or continue academic study in other fields. Whatever your ultimate aspirations we will do our best to prepare you for the next step, and make your experience as an astronomer at the IoA a memorable one. The entire staff of the Institute are available to help and encourage you. The IoA is renowned worldwide for its daily coffee and tea and the opportunities for informal interactions that they foster. An environment laden with so many famous and high-powered researchers can also be intimidating to a newcomer, so we will schedule activities in the first year that are designed to break the ice and make you feel more at home in these new surroundings. But you should not hestitate to initiate new contacts among the other students, postdocs, senior staff, and visitors, to take advantage of the incredible pool of knowledge and experience that is available here. Finally, I hope you all will take advantage of the extraordinary intellectual and cultural opportunities that Cambridge, the University, and its colleges have to offer. I have never ceased to marvel at the richness of knowledge, people, and activities that are on offer here, ranging from lectures, concerts, plays, debates, and Evensongs on the one hand to afternoon strolls and bike rides, picnics on the greens, and the pubs on the other hand. Yes, you will have to work very hard– time will run out more quickly than you can believe– but finding the right balance between work and personal life will be one of the most important of those skills that you will learn here. I wish you the best in your studies and your thesis, and rewarding years ahead. 2 2 New Arrivals Welcome to life as a graduate student at the Institute of Astronomy! The purpose of this section is to let you know what you can expect from your first few weeks in the department. When you arrive in Cambridge there will undoubtedly be many orientation activities prepared for you by your college to welcome you into college and university life. At the IoA, we have also planned a variety of events to introduce you to how the department works and to let you know what you can expect from your time here and what is expected of you as a student. The exact calendar of events will be announced when you arrive, but you can expect the first few weeks to be filled with meeting many new faces and talking to a great many people! In terms of practicalities, you will be assigned an office (usually one shared with other graduate students and the occasional postdoc) and a computer account. The IoA is a growing department with the most recent addition being the completion in summer 2009 of the University-funded building which hosts the Kavli Institute for Cosmology. The building is joined directly to the Institute of Astronomy Hoyle Building via a link on the first floor of the Corfield Wing and houses a mix of University staff, postdoctoral researchers, graduate students and visitors from the Institute and the Cavendish Astrophysics Group. Perhaps the most direct impact on science is via provision of high quality accommodation and environment for research within the Kavli Institute’s programme - The High Redshift Universe. A prime example is the housing of the full research team making up the STFC-funded Cambridge Planck Analysis Centre, under the leadership of George Efstathiou. The Kavli Foundation donation has enabled the University to establish four long-term University research fellowships. The next phase of expansion will be the addition of a new building to the South of the Kavli building that will provide a new home to the majority of the Cavendish Astrophysics Group, concentrating more of the astrophysics research at the University onto the one site. Choosing a Project and Supervisor The most pressing issue on the mind of every new arrival is finding a supervisor and getting to work on your ground-breaking research. The IoA works a little differently from most departments, in that you are given the freedom to ‘shop around’ before committing yourself to a project. You will receive a list of members of staff who are potential supervisors along with their research interests (see section 3), and you are encouraged to spend your first few weeks talking with a wide range of people. Even if you are convinced you know exactly what your chosen line of research is, don’t be too hasty to rule out other options! It’s been known to happen that even the most die-hard theorists suddenly become inspired by a purely observational project (and vice versa), so be sure to approach the issue with an open mind and find the project (and supervisor) most suited to you. Your fellow graduate students are a valuable source of information, and some members of staff will even allow you to embark on a short ‘trial project’ before you commit yourself.