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A History of Money in Palestine: from the 1900S to the Present
A History of Money in Palestine: From the 1900s to the Present The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Mitter, Sreemati. 2014. A History of Money in Palestine: From the 1900s to the Present. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12269876 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA A History of Money in Palestine: From the 1900s to the Present A dissertation presented by Sreemati Mitter to The History Department in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts January 2014 © 2013 – Sreemati Mitter All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Professor Roger Owen Sreemati Mitter A History of Money in Palestine: From the 1900s to the Present Abstract How does the condition of statelessness, which is usually thought of as a political problem, affect the economic and monetary lives of ordinary people? This dissertation addresses this question by examining the economic behavior of a stateless people, the Palestinians, over a hundred year period, from the last decades of Ottoman rule in the early 1900s to the present. Through this historical narrative, it investigates what happened to the financial and economic assets of ordinary Palestinians when they were either rendered stateless overnight (as happened in 1948) or when they suffered a gradual loss of sovereignty and control over their economic lives (as happened between the early 1900s to the 1930s, or again between 1967 and the present). -
Secretariats of Roads Transportation Report 2015
Road Transportation Report: 2015. Category Transfer Fees Amount Owed To lacal Remained No. Local Authority Spent Amount Clearing Amount classification 50% Authorities 50% amount 1 Albireh Don’t Exist Municipality 1,158,009.14 1,158,009.14 0.00 1,158,009.14 2 Alzaytouneh Don’t Exist Municipality 187,634.51 187,634.51 0.00 187,634.51 3 Altaybeh Don’t Exist Municipality 66,840.07 66,840.07 0.00 66,840.07 4 Almazra'a Alsharqia Don’t Exist Municipality 136,262.16 136,262.16 0.00 136,262.16 5 Banizeid Alsharqia Don’t Exist Municipality 154,092.68 154,092.68 0.00 154,092.68 6 Beitunia Don’t Exist Municipality 599,027.36 599,027.36 0.00 599,027.36 7 Birzeit Don’t Exist Municipality 137,285.22 137,285.22 0.00 137,285.22 8 Tormos'aya Don’t Exist Municipality 113,243.26 113,243.26 0.00 113,243.26 9 Der Dibwan Don’t Exist Municipality 159,207.99 159,207.99 0.00 159,207.99 10 Ramallah Don’t Exist Municipality 832,407.37 832,407.37 0.00 832,407.37 11 Silwad Don’t Exist Municipality 197,183.09 197,183.09 0.00 197,183.09 12 Sinjl Don’t Exist Municipality 158,720.82 158,720.82 0.00 158,720.82 13 Abwein Don’t Exist Municipality 94,535.83 94,535.83 0.00 94,535.83 14 Atara Don’t Exist Municipality 68,813.12 68,813.12 0.00 68,813.12 15 Rawabi Don’t Exist Municipality 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16 Surda - Abu Qash Don’t Exist Municipality 73,806.64 73,806.64 0.00 73,806.64 17 Hay Alkarama Don’t Exist Village Council 7,551.17 7,551.17 0.00 7,551.17 18 Almoghayar Don’t Exist Village Council 71,784.87 71,784.87 0.00 71,784.87 19 Alnabi Saleh Don’t Exist Village Council -
Three Conquests of Canaan
ÅA Wars in the Middle East are almost an every day part of Eero Junkkaala:of Three Canaan Conquests our lives, and undeniably the history of war in this area is very long indeed. This study examines three such wars, all of which were directed against the Land of Canaan. Two campaigns were conducted by Egyptian Pharaohs and one by the Israelites. The question considered being Eero Junkkaala whether or not these wars really took place. This study gives one methodological viewpoint to answer this ques- tion. The author studies the archaeology of all the geo- Three Conquests of Canaan graphical sites mentioned in the lists of Thutmosis III and A Comparative Study of Two Egyptian Military Campaigns and Shishak and compares them with the cities mentioned in Joshua 10-12 in the Light of Recent Archaeological Evidence the Conquest stories in the Book of Joshua. Altogether 116 sites were studied, and the com- parison between the texts and the archaeological results offered a possibility of establishing whether the cities mentioned, in the sources in question, were inhabited, and, furthermore, might have been destroyed during the time of the Pharaohs and the biblical settlement pe- riod. Despite the nature of the two written sources being so very different it was possible to make a comparative study. This study gives a fresh view on the fierce discus- sion concerning the emergence of the Israelites. It also challenges both Egyptological and biblical studies to use the written texts and the archaeological material togeth- er so that they are not so separated from each other, as is often the case. -
Weekly Report on Israeli Human Rights Violations in the Occupied Palestinian Territory ( 05-11 June 2014) Thursday, 12 June 2014 00:00
Weekly Report On Israeli Human Rights Violations in the Occupied Palestinian Territory ( 05-11 June 2014) Thursday, 12 June 2014 00:00 Tulkarm- Israeli forces destroy a house belonging to a Palestinian family in Far’one village. Reuters Israeli forces continue systematic attacks against Palestinian civilians and property in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt) In a new extra-judicial execution, Israeli forces killed a member of an armed group and wounded 3 civilians, including a child, in the Gaza Strip A Palestinian civilian died as he was previously wounded by the Israeli forces in the northwest of Beit Lahia in the northern Gaza Strip. Israeli forces continued to use excessive force against peaceful protesters in the West Bank. 3 Palestinian demonstrators were wounded in the demonstrations of Ni’lin and Bil’in, west of Ramallah. 5 Palestinian civilians, including a child, were wounded in a demonstration organized in solidarity with the Palestinian administrative detainees on hunger strike. Israeli forces conducted 76 incursions into Palestinian communities in the West Bank. 28 Palestinian civilians, including 4 children and woman, were arrested. A Palestinian civilian was wounded when Israeli forces moved into al-‘Arroub refugee camp, north of Hebron. Israel has continued its efforts to create a Jewish majority in occupied East Jerusalem Israeli forces raided the Pal Media office and arrested two of its workers and a guest of “Good Morning Jerusalem” program. Israel continued to impose a total closure on the oPt and has isolated the Gaza Strip from the outside world. Israeli forces established dozens of checkpoints in the West Bank. -
Weekly Report on Israeli Human Rights Violations in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (10 – 16 Dec
Weekly Report On Israeli Human Rights Violations in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (10 – 16 Dec. ember 2015) Thursday, 17 December 2015 00:00 Israeli forces continue systematic crimes in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt) (10 – 16 December 2015) Israeli forces escalated the use of excessive force in the oPt 5 Palestinian civilians were killed and a girl child succumbed to her injuries in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. 96 Palestinian civilians, including 14 children and 5 journalists, were wounded in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Israeli forces continued to target the border area along the Gaza Strip. 5 Palestinian civilians were wounded in the southern Gaza Strip in 3 separate attacks. Israeli forces conducted 106 incursions into Palestinian communities in the West Bank 107 Palestinian civilians, including 28 children, were arrested. 20 of them, including 14 children, were arrested in occupied Jerusalem. A number of houses belonging to families of Palestinians, who carried out stabbing and runover attacks, were raided. Moreover, measures of the houses were taken for house demolitions. Israeli gunboats continued to target Palestinian fishermen in the Gaza Strip sea, but no casualties were reported. Jewish majority efforts continued in occupied East Jerusalem. A house in alShaikh Jarrah neighbourhood was demolished and demolition notices were issued. Settlement activities continued in the West Bank. 30 dunums[1] in the northern West Bank were confiscated. Israeli forces turned the West Bank into cantons and continued to impose the illegal closure on the Gaza Strip for the 9th year. Dozens of temporary checkpoints were established in the West Bank and other were reestablished to obstruct the movement of Palestinian civilians. -
The Women's Affairs Technical Committees
The Women’s Affairs Technical Committee Summary Report – 2010 _________________________________________________________ The Women’s Affairs Technical Committees Summary Report for the period of January 1st. 2010 - December 31st. 2010 1 The Women’s Affairs Technical Committee Summary Report – 2010 _________________________________________________________ - Introduction - General Context o General Demographic Situation o Political Situation o Women lives within Patriarchy and Military Occupation - Narrative of WATC work during 2010 in summary - Annexes 1 and 2 2 The Women’s Affairs Technical Committee Summary Report – 2010 _________________________________________________________ Introduction: This is a narrative summary report covering the period of January 2010 until 31 December 2010. The objective of this report is to give a general overview of the work during 2010 in summary and concise activities. At the same time, there have been other reports presented for specific projects and programs. General Context: Following part of the summary report presents the context on which programs, projects and activities were implemented during 2010. Firstly, it gives a general view of some demographic statistics. Secondly, it presents a brief political overview of the situation, and thirdly it briefly presents briefly some of the main actors that affected the life of Palestinian women during 2010. General Demographic situation: Data from the Palestinian Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) shows that the population of the Palestinian Territory is young; the percentage of individuals in the age group (0- 14) was 41.3% of the total population in the Palestinian Territory at end year of 2010, of which 39.4% in the West Bank and 44.4% in Gaza Strip. As for the elderly population aged (65 years and over) was 3.0% of the total population in Palestinian Territory at end year of 2010. -
Curé À Gaza.Inddgaza.Indd 1 112/05/112/05/11 12:4112:41 Extrait De La Publication
Extrait de la publication Extrait de la publication 2239-Musallam-Curé39-Musallam-Curé à Gaza.inddGaza.indd 1 112/05/112/05/11 112:412:41 Extrait de la publication 2239-Musallam-Curé39-Musallam-Curé à Gaza.inddGaza.indd 2 112/05/112/05/11 112:412:41 Curé à Gaza Extrait de la publication 2239-Musallam-Curé39-Musallam-Curé à Gaza.inddGaza.indd 3 112/05/112/05/11 112:412:41 La collection l’Aube poche essai est dirigée par Jean Viard © Éditions de l’Aube, 2011 www.aube.lu ISBN 978-2-8159-0238-0 2239-Musallam-Curé39-Musallam-Curé à Gaza.inddGaza.indd 4 112/05/112/05/11 112:412:41 Manuel Musallam Curé à Gaza Un Juste en Palestine entretiens avec Jean-Claude Petit éditions de l’aube Extrait de la publication 2239-Musallam-Curé39-Musallam-Curé à Gaza.inddGaza.indd 5 112/05/112/05/11 112:412:41 La réalisation de ce livre n’aurait pas été possible sans la collaboration de Monique et de Siham. Qu’elles en soient ici vivement remerciées. J.-C. P. Extrait de la publication 2239-Musallam-Curé39-Musallam-Curé à Gaza.inddGaza.indd 6 112/05/112/05/11 112:412:41 Manuel Musallam, un juste en enfer Était-ce une, deux ou trois semaines après Noël 2008 ? Au fond, peu importe… Ce jour-là arriva sur les écrans de dizaines de milliers d’ordinateurs une lettre peu banale. Envoyée de Gaza, elle était adres- sée aux croyants et aux hommes de bonne volonté de l’univers tout entier. -
Palestinian Christians
Palestinian Christians Palestinian Christians are the descendants of the original indigenous Christians who first believed in Jesus Christ. They are the descendants of the disciples of Jesus Christ & the descendants of other Jews, Philistines, Arabs, Aramaeans/Eremites, Canaanites, Greeks, Romans, Persians & Samaritans... who accepted the Messiah when He was with them in the flesh. Today, they live in Nazareth, Bethlehem, Gaza, Nablus, Ramallah, Jerusalem, Jaffa, Haifa, Jenin, Taybeh, Birzeit, Jifna, al-Bireh, Zababdeh, Tel Aviv, Tubas, Azzun, Aboud, Tiberias, Sakhnin, Shefa-'Amr, Galilee, Jish, Amman, & other places in the Biblical Palestine & Jordan, in addition to the exile. They are Arab Christian Believers of Oriental Orthodox, Eastern Orthodox, Catholic (eastern & western rites), Protestant, Evangelical & other denominations, who have ethnic or family origins in Palestine. In both the local dialect of Palestinian Arabic and in classical or modern standard Arabic, Christians are called Nasrani (a derivative of the Arabic word for Nazareth, al-Nasira) or Masihi (a derivative of Arabic word Masih, meaning "Messiah"). Christians comprise less than 4% of Palestinian Arabs living within the borders of former Mandate Palestine today (around 4% in the West Bank, a negligible percentage in Gaza, and nearly 10% of Israeli Arabs). According to official British Mandate estimates, Mandate Palestine’s Christian population varied between 9.5% (1922) and 7.9% (1946) of the total population. Demographics and Denominations Today, the majority of Palestinian Christians live abroad. In 2005, it was estimated that the Christian population of the Palestinian territories was between 40,000 and 90,000 people, or 2.1 to 3.4% of the population. -
Syria 2014 Human Rights Report
SYRIA 2014 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The authoritarian regime of President Bashar Asad has ruled the Syrian Arab Republic since 2000. The regime routinely violated the human rights of its citizens as the country witnessed major political conflict. The regime’s widespread use of deadly military force to quell peaceful civil protests calling for reform and democracy precipitated a civil war in 2012, leading to armed groups taking control of major parts of the country. In government-controlled areas, Asad makes key decisions with counsel from a small number of military and security advisors, ministers, and senior members of the ruling Baath (Arab Socialist Renaissance) Party. The constitution mandates the primacy of Baath Party leaders in state institutions and society. Asad and Baath party leaders dominated all three branches of government. In June, for the first time in decades, the Baath Party permitted multi-candidate presidential elections (in contrast to single-candidate referendums administered in previous elections), but the campaign and election were neither free nor fair by international standards. The election resulted in a third seven-year term for Asad. The geographically limited 2012 parliamentary elections, won by the Baath Party, were also neither free nor fair, and several opposition groups boycotted them. The government maintained effective control over its uniformed military, police, and state security forces but did not consistently maintain effective control over paramilitary, nonuniformed proregime militias such as the National Defense Forces, the “Bustan Charitable Association,” or “shabiha,” which often acted autonomously without oversight or direction from the government. The civil war continued during the year. -
Al-Bireh Ramallah Salfit
Biddya Haris Kifl Haris Marda Tall al Khashaba Mas-ha Yasuf Yatma Sarta Dar Abu Basal Iskaka Qabalan Jurish 'Izbat Abu Adam Az Zawiya (Salfit) Talfit Salfit As Sawiya Qusra Majdal Bani Fadil Rafat (Salfit) Khirbet Susa Al Lubban ash Sharqiya Bruqin Farkha Qaryut Jalud Deir Ballut Kafr ad Dik Khirbet Qeis 'Ammuriya Khirbet Sarra Qarawat Bani Zeid (Bani Zeid al Gharb Duma Kafr 'Ein (Bani Zeid al Gharbi)Mazari' an Nubani (Bani Zeid qsh Shar Khirbet al Marajim 'Arura (Bani Zeid qsh Sharqiya) Turmus'ayya Al Lubban al Gharbi 'Abwein (Bani Zeid ash Sharqiya) Bani Zeid Deir as Sudan Sinjil Rantis Jilijliya 'Ajjul An Nabi Salih (Bani Zeid al Gharbi) Al Mughayyir (Ramallah) 'Abud Khirbet Abu Falah Umm Safa Deir Nidham Al Mazra'a ash Sharqiya 'Atara Deir Abu Mash'al Jibiya Kafr Malik 'Ein Samiya Shuqba Kobar Burham Silwad Qibya Beitillu Shabtin Yabrud Jammala Ein Siniya Bir Zeit Budrus Deir 'Ammar Silwad Camp Deir Jarir Abu Shukheidim Jifna Dura al Qar' Abu Qash At Tayba (Ramallah) Deir Qaddis Al Mazra'a al Qibliya Al Jalazun Camp 'Ein Yabrud Ni'lin Kharbatha Bani HarithRas Karkar Surda Al Janiya Al Midya Rammun Bil'in Kafr Ni'ma 'Ein Qiniya Beitin Badiw al Mus'arrajat Deir Ibzi' Deir Dibwan 'Ein 'Arik Saffa Ramallah Beit 'Ur at Tahta Khirbet Kafr Sheiyan Al-Bireh Burqa (Ramallah) Beituniya Al Am'ari Camp Beit Sira Kharbatha al Misbah Beit 'Ur al Fauqa Kafr 'Aqab Mikhmas Beit Liqya At Tira Rafat (Jerusalem) Qalandiya Camp Qalandiya Beit Duqqu Al Judeira Jaba' (Jerusalem) Al Jib Jaba' (Tajammu' Badawi) Beit 'Anan Bir Nabala Beit Ijza Ar Ram & Dahiyat al Bareed Deir al Qilt Kharayib Umm al Lahim QatannaAl Qubeiba Biddu An Nabi Samwil Beit Hanina Hizma Beit Hanina al Balad Beit Surik Beit Iksa Shu'fat 'Anata Shu'fat Camp Al Khan al Ahmar (Tajammu' Badawi) Al 'Isawiya. -
~Ii~Ii B 2 C E D a 3 E * Pre-Election Assessment West Bank & Gaza
Date Printed: 11/03/2008 JTS Box Number: lFES 5 Tab Number: 31 Document Title: Pre-Election Assessment West Bank & Gaza Document Date: 1994 Document Country: West Bank and Gaza IFES ID: R01671 1111 ~II ~II~II B 2 C E D A 3 E * PRE-ELECTION ASSESSMENT WEST BANK & GAZA KEITH KLEIN ADILA R. LAmI MAY 10,1994 This project was made possible by a grant from the U.S. Agency for International Development. Any person or organizations is welcome to quote information from this report if it is attributed to IFES. This report is also available in Arabic. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Barbara Boggs Peler Kelly leon J. Weil Directors Emer;ti Dame Eugenia Charles Maureen A. Kindel James M. Cannon Charles T. Manan Patricia Hular Randal C. Teague Chairman Secretary Frank J. Fahrenkopl Jr. Jean-Pierre Kingsley Counsel Richard M. Scammon Judy Fernald Peler McPherson David R. Jones Joseph Napolitan Richard W. Soudrielte Vice Chairman Treasurer Viclor. Kamber William A. Sweeney, Jr. President TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................ II. INTRODUCTION ...................................... 3 III. BACKGROUND...... .. 5 I I A. Historical Context .................................. 5 B. Actors Shaping Democratization. .. 7 I. The Palestinians . .. 7 2. The PLO .................................... 8 3. Israel. .. 10 4. Jordan 11 IV. POLITICAL MOVEMENTS ......................... ".' . .. 12 A. Fatah. .. 12 B. FIDA .......................................... 13 C. PFLP .......................................... 14 I D. DFLP. .. 14 J E. PPP . .. 15 F. Hamas. .. 15 II G. Other political panies . .. 16 I V. CIVIL SOCIETY. .. 18 II I I VI. ELECTION ISSUES . .. .. 21 I I I A. The DOP and Elections . .. 21 1. General Provisions of the DOP ..................... 21 I 8. -
The Challenge of Peace
Vol. 41, No 2 Summer 2008 The Challenge of Peace: God’s Promise and our Response 25th Anniversary of the US Bishop’s Pastoral Contents 2 Editorial Foreword 5 The Grace of Peace by Ann Marie Brennan 7 Peace Be With You … by George Willett 9 A View From Jerusalem by Donald J. Moore, S.J. 13 Creating a World Community by Benjamin J. Urmston, S.J. NCLC-USA NA TIO nal 16 Thanks to John LeVecke COORDI na TI N G CO unc I L ME M BER S 20 Graced History: A Local CLC Responds to the Bishops’ Peace Pastoral EXCO ME M BER S by Dorothy M. Zambito Ann Marie Brennan, President 21 The Conscientious Objectors (CO) by Fred C. Leone Liem Le, President Elect 23 Promises and Possibilities by Barbara Bedolla Paula Burgan, Secretary Kitty Gray, Treasurer 25 From the Ecclesial Assistant by Robert (Cos) Costello, S.J. Robert Costello, S.J., Ecclesial Assistant 27 Youth and Young Adult Updates REPRE S E N T A TIVE S 28 Financial Report Angelique Ruhi-Lopez & 29 From the Regions Carmen Santamaria Youth and Young Adult Coordinators KCLC Lois Campbell, WCLC Representative Mid-Atlantic Region Susan Stith, Mid-Atlantic 30 Missouri Region Mary Wescovich, Missouri New England Region Clarivel Marin de Dragas, New England Carmen Castagno, New Orleans New York Region Steve Macy, New York 31 Honor Roll CLC 2006-2007 Renee O’Brien, North Central Tom Taylor, Northwest 32 Calendar of Events Carol Klosowski-Gawecki, Next Issue Rieman Great Lakes Carlos de la Torre, South Florida Steve Pehanich, Western Young Sook Clare Maing, Korean CLC Cover Photo: Carol Gonzalez (pictured on left) along with Lois Campbell and Henry Gonzalez (both of whom are not pictured) from Pittsburgh CLC walked together this year, in Pax Christi’s annual “Stations of the Cross” marking Good Friday in various downtown areas of cities such as New York and Pittsburgh.