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Proposition Actes AVANT-PROPOS Le présent document est la transcription des interventions effectuées à l’occasion du colloque Archimages10, qui s’est tenu à paris les 17, 18, 19 novembre 2010. Suivi éditorial : Marc Vernet – Conseiller pour le patrimoine cinématographique, Inp. Loraine Pereira – Chargée de mission pour le patrimoine cinématographique, Inp. Transcription : Téléscribe RESUME On a connu jadis le cinéma permanent, où l’on pouvait à toute heure entrer voir un long métrage de fiction à vedettes. Aujourd’hui, les débats autour du numérique ont remis en avant la permanence de l’enregistrement sur pellicule analogique, par opposition à l’inconnu du devenir des oeuvres sur support numérique. Mais la création, si attentive aux matières et aux dispositifs, a suivi, pour à la fois en bénéficier et en jouer, tous les méandres des évolutions technologiques du cinéma et de l’audiovisuel, ce qui pose aujourd’hui de nombreuses questions de conservation et de présentation. A l’heure du franchissement des frontières entre cinéma et vidéo, de la mutation des salles de cinéma, Archimages10 se propose de faire le point sur le statut, la place et le rôle de l’oeuvre audiovisuelle, en particulier au sein des institutions patrimoniales. On abordera les différents moments (et les multiples difficultés) des politiques à mettre en oeuvre, dans les musées comme dans les cinémathèques : production, acquisition, conservation, migration et duplication, exposition, avec des interventions d’experts, de créateurs et de conservateurs. Friedrich Kittler ouvrira les travaux où alterneront pendant trois jours interventions et tables rondes. Coordination générale : Comité de pilotage : Inp, en association avec le Collectif 24/25, Président : Bruno Racine (BnF) la BnF et le CNAP. Délégué général : Marc Vernet (Inp, Paris 7) Direction scientifique : Pascale Cassagnau (CNAP) Isabelle Giannattasio (BnF) et Marc Vernet (Inp, Paris 7) Avec la collaboration du Collectif 24/25 Lieux : 17 novembre 2010 : Petit auditorium (Bibliothèque nationale de France, site François Mitterrand – 75013) 18/19 novembre 2010 : Auditorium Colbert (Galerie Colbert, 2 rue Vivienne – 75002) Informations complémentaires : Loraine Pereira (Inp) – [email protected] Institut national du patrimoine 2 TABLE DES MATIERES DISCOURS DE BIENVENUE , Isabelle Giannattasio, Eric Gross, Richard Lagrange ....................................................... 4 OUVERTURE , Friedrich Kitler ................................................................................................................................ 6 HISTOIRE, ENJEUX ET TERRITOIRES ........................................................................................................ 10 L'œuvre audiovisuelle et ses enjeux patrimoniaux, Antonie Bergmeier, François Michaud .............................................................................................................. 111 Avant-garde et classicisme, Jacques Aumont ........................................................................................................................................... 18 Historique du terme « audiovisuel », Gilles Delavaud ............................................................................................................................................ 25 Les territoires de l'œuvre audiovisuelle, Anne-Marie Duguet, Pascale Cassagnau ............................................................................................................ 29 ETAPES DE TRAITEMENT ET DISPOSITIFS ............................................................................................... 34 Collecter / Collectionner / Signaler / Exposer, Samuel Bianchini, Pip Chodorov, Nicola Mazzanti, Laurent Bismuth, Barbara Hess ....................................................... 35 Présentation du portail 24/25, Antonie Bergmeier, Emmanuel Lefrant ............................................................................................................... 44 Des dispositifs, Eva Gonzalez Sancho, Bruno Elisabeth, Olivier Michelon ........................................................................................ 47 STUDIO, MUSÉE, EXPOSITION .................................................................................................................... 55 Politiques publiques et privées de production, Pascale Cassagnau, Antonie Bergmeier, Corinne Castel, Yann Beauvais ................................................................... 56 Cinémathèque et musée : l’exemple de Lyon, Thierry Raspail ............................................................................................................................................. 67 Qu’est-ce qu’un film, hors du cinéma ? Marc Vernet ................................................................................................................................................. 73 ACQUÉRIR, VALORISER, REMPLOYER ...................................................................................................... 78 Les politiques muséales, Marja Sakari, François Quintin, Philippe-Alain Michaud ........................................................................................... 79 Valeur et marché de l’art : le no man’s land et la territorialisation de la valeur, François Michaud, Pip Chodorov ....................................................................................................................... 86 Copyright, remploi et repentir, Judith Ickowicz, François Michaud ..................................................................................................................... 91 COLLECTIONNER, CONSERVER ............................................................................................................... 101 La conservation, Matthieu Dubail, Fleur Chevalier, Gilbert Dutertre, Alain Carou ............................................................................... 102 Politiques d'acquisition d’un collectionneur, Philippe Cohen, Ami Barak, Benjamin Weil ........................................................................................................ 111 PROGRAMMER, PRODUIRE ....................................................................................................................... 119 Politiques de programmation, Emilio Alvarez, Antoine Thirion, Bernard Blistène ................................................................................................ 120 CONCLUSION, Marc Vernet, Isabelle Giannattasio, Pascale Cassagnau ..................................................................... 131 Institut national du patrimoine 3 DISCOURS DE BIENVENUE Isabelle Giannattasio, Directrice du Département audiovisuel de la Bibliothèque nationale de France. Bonjour et bienvenue à ces journées Archimages. Je voudrais souhaiter la bienvenue, au nom de Bruno Racine, président de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, à cet Archimages 10, neuvième édition de ces rencontres. Cette longévité prouve l'utilité de ces rencontres professionnelles du cinéma et de l'audiovisuel. Ce sont des rencontres de l'ensemble de la chaîne des professionnels, de la création à la conservation, de la production à l'usage, scientifique ou documentaire. Depuis la toute première édition, le fil rouge a été le numérique, qui a conditionné les différents thèmes qui ont été abordés : les métiers, la conduite du changement, les droits, la recherche, les modes d'accès, l'entreprise patrimoniale. Cette année le numérique est au cœur même des rencontres, puisqu'il s'agit de l'œuvre, l'œuvre créée et l'œuvre exposée, l'œuvre collectée et l'œuvre conservée. Créateurs, historiens et conservateurs vont définir cette œuvre, en tracer l'histoire et le territoire, exposer dispositifs et collections, évoquer les conditions de sa production et celles de sa conservation. Ce sont des enjeux vitaux pour une matière d'une grande richesse, et je souhaite le plein succès à ces rencontres. Éric Gross, Directeur de l’Institut national du patrimoine. Je vous remercie de vous être rendus à ce rendez-vous annuel que nous vous proposons avec Archimages, et je remercie les autres partenaires de cette manifestation : la Bibliothèque nationale de France, le Centre national des arts plastiques et le Collectif 24/25. Je voudrais dire l'importance qu'à Archimages pour l'Inp, car cette manifestation permet de marquer son intérêt pour tout ce qui a trait, de manière transversale, à la valorisation, à la production, à la conservation et à la diffusion des documents et des œuvres audiovisuelles et cinématographiques. C'est un enjeu très important pour les conservateurs et les restaurateurs du patrimoine, qui a tendance à se compliquer et à changer de nature avec la question du numérique, les changements de support, les questions de transferts de support et les nouvelles possibilités induites par le numérique. C'est un enjeu commun à toutes les spécialités de la conservation et de la restauration du patrimoine, qu'il s'agisse d'archives, de musées, de patrimoine scientifique, technique et naturel. Nous n'avons pas, dans le corps des conservateurs du patrimoine, dans le cadre d'emploi territorial, de spécialité Audiovisuel et cinéma, alors que c'est sans doute le patrimoine qui croît le plus rapidement et qui va occuper de plus en en plus d'espace dans nos travaux, nos serveurs numériques et nos espaces de conservation. En faut-il une ? Une manifestation comme Archimages permet d'en discuter, et permet sans doute de répondre par la négative. Le patrimoine audiovisuel et cinématographique est en effet absolument
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