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NURSERY PEST NEWSLETTER SPRING 2021 Updates Plant Protection and Weed Control We missed you in 2020! Between Here are some highlights since our 1320 Research Park Dr. moving our lab in early spring, staff last newsletter: Manhattan, KS 66502 changes, and COVID-19 restrictions, we did not compile a newsletter last • Lab move — KDA’s Agricultural year. We also missed seeing you at Laboratory relocated from Topeka to Office: 785-564-6698 trade shows and educational events Manhattan in spring of 2020 and is Fax: 785-564-6779 that were cancelled or switched to now housed next to KDA headquar- agriculture.ks.gov/PPWC online formats. ters. The ag lab conducts a wide range of testing for various programs within Despite the challenges, we continued the agency. to certify plants and plant products for The purpose of our export and have continued other • Cherie Copeland retirement — program is to: inspection and survey work. We are Cherie served as the south central currently visiting greenhouses and area specialist for 22 years and retired • Protect the state’s native gearing up for the busy spring season from KDA in March of 2020. and cultivated plants as are many of you. We hope to see from the introduction and you soon, either through inspections • Website revamp — We improved outbreak of harmful plant or educational events. Please reach navigation and made a few updates. pests, including insects, out if you have questions or needs in Check it out at: plant diseases, weeds and the meantime. agriculture.ks.gov/PPWC. other organisms. • Provide inspection and Reminders about shipping live plants certification services to ensure compliance with Interstate shipments: Require a Live Plant Certificate of Inspection issued by KDA statutes and quarantines which should accompany the shipments. Certificate acquisition requires one or more and to facilitate move- inspections per year depending on quantity and nature of shipments. Non-certified ment of plants and plant shipments may be held or destroyed by shipping companies or other states’ plant products to other states protection agencies out of concern for accidental transport of exotic pests. and countries. • Manage pests of Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, regulatory significance and Washington have special restrictions on shipments of live plants from Kansas within the state. because of Japanese beetle. They prohibit certain items and require compliance agreements, extra documentation, pre-notification and/or treatment. • Ensure that plants, plant products, and seed The National Plant Board offers these resources for domestic shipping guidelines: offered for sale in Kansas U.S. Domestic Japanese Beetle Harmonization Plan: meet the requirements of nationalplantboard.org/documents-and-policies/japanese-beetle-harmonization-plan/. the Plant Pest and Summaries of state quarantines and regulations: Agricultural Commodity nationalplantboard.org/laws-and-regulations/ Act, the Kansas Seed Law, the Kansas Noxious Weed International shipments: Also require a Live Plant Certificate of Inspection. May Law, and the Commercial require a Phytosanitary Certificate, Import Permit, and/or special testing, depending Industrial Hemp Act. on the country. Contact your area plant protection specialist for guidance well in advance of shipping to ensure requirements can be met. Page 2 Watch for Ramorum blight in perennials and shrubs this year Gaelle Hollandbeck, Plant Pathologist Phytophthora ramorum was confirmed in 2019 on On species other than rhododendrons sold at various retail locations across the U.S., oak, P.ramorum causes including stores in Kansas. This was the first known introduction leaf scorch, foliar blight, of P. ramorum into the state. and stem cankers. On oaks, P. ramorum Ramorum blight, also known as Sudden Oak Death, is a disease infection causes cankers caused by the water mold Phytophthora ramorum. Sudden Oak on the trunks of Death is the name given susceptible species and to the disease when it subsequent decline. affects oaks. Ramorum Cankers have defined blight is the name given margins and a reddish- to the disease when it brown, “bleeding” affects non-oak species appearance. Tanoaks including azalea, bay and oaks in the red and laurel, camellia, lilac, intermediate groups are pieris, rhododendron, susceptible. viburnum, and many Stem canker on rhododendron other native and The pathogen survives cultivated plants. in infected soil, plant tissue, and water. It develops most Ramorum blight is non- favorably during wet, rainy conditions. It spreads short lethal but contributes to distances by splashing rain and irrigation water, in the spread of sudden contaminated soil, and on contaminated clothing or equipment. oak death. It spreads long distances via interstate nursery trade. Leaf scorch and blight on rhododendron Continued on Page 6 Hemp in Kansas: Update Jason Teal, Industrial Hemp Technician, and Braden Hoch, Industrial Hemp Supervisor After the passage of the acres were planted, Alternative Crop Research and 800 acres were Act in 2018, the Industrial harvested. Hemp Research Program was established in February Diverse factors such 2019 to license industrial as market price, crop hemp growers, distributors, surplus, extreme and processors in Kansas. weather, producer constraints, and the By the end of each growing impact of COVID-19 potentially resulted season, 190 (2019) and Floral material production 207 (2020) growers were in the change in Fiber production licensed. For 2019, in acres licensed acres, planted acres were nonyielding or of industrial hemp, acres, and harvested acres failed to produce a crop. acreage from 2019. While approximately 5,800 were from 2019 and 2020. seed, grain, floral, and fiber licensed, 2,800 were In 2020, approximately product were not planted, and 1,800 were Of the planted acres, 54 98% of the planted acreage differentiated in 2019 and harvested. However, 2020 (2019) and 34 (2020) acres was for floral material 2020 reporting, product saw drastic percentage tested noncompliant (cannabidiol or other also saw -15% change. changes, as roughly 10,000 (> 0.3% THC). 890 (2019) cannabinoid production), acres were licensed, 4,000 and 3,167 (2020) planted an increase of roughly 8% Continued on Page 6 Page 3 Recent detections of invasive insect pests K. Taro Eldredge, Entomologist Invasive species are an ongoing issue that must be continuously Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, addressed, and Kansas is no exception. Through our efforts to Tennessee, Texas and Virginia. In part due to their rapid spread, protect the interests of the state’s native and cultivated plants, CMBS was declared one of the top nine pests in 2015 by Green- KDA has intercepted several invasive species new to the state of house Growers Magazine. Kansas. While these invasive species are either newly established with a limited distribution or interceptions from CMBS was intercepted in Kansas for the first time in 2019 at a contaminated imports, it is imperative that growers are aware box store infesting crapemyrtle, likely from Texas. It is currently of these new and potential threats to protect and promote unclear if they are able to survive Kansas winters, but they are their operations. Over the last couple of years, KDA has known to withstand Arkansas winters so it is a possibility. detected crapemyrtle bark scale (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae), Japanese maple scale (Lopholeucaspis For more information please visit: https://agriculture.ks.gov/ japonica), and Ligurian leafhopper (Eupteryx decemnotata). docs/default-source/pp-insect-reports/entonews_66(2).pdf? These insects were covered in detail in our quarterly sfvrsn=433189c1_0 Entomological News and can be accessed online for further information. They are highlighted here for a brief lightning Japanese maple scale (Lopholeucaspis japonica) round of info. A new adventive invasive armored scale insect (Diaspididae), Japanese maple scale (Lopholeucaspis japonica), was detected Crapemyrtle bark scale (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae) at multiple Crapemyrtle bark scale (CMBS) was initially detected in Kansas nurseries Richardson, Texas, a Dallas suburb, in 2004. Originally, speci- for the first time mens were confused with a related native species, azalea bark on Japanese scale, Acanthococcus azalea, which attacks azalea maple (Acer (Rhododendron spp.). However, A. azaleae are not known to palmatum) and attack crapemyrtle, and through a combination of molecular Japanese zelkova (DNA) and anatomical data comparisons, the specimens were (Zelkova serrata) re-identified as A. lagerstroemiae. in 2019. Due to the popularity of crapemyrtle as a woody ornamental, Japanese maple CMBS has rapidly spread throughout the southern U.S. via scale (JMS) was human transportation. As of August 2019, CMBS was recorded initially detected in 12 states in the Early Detection & Distribution Mapping Sys- in Connecticut in tem. The states are Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kansas, 1914 and is now known in 19 states and the CMBS on District of crapemyrtle stems Columbia. The JMS on Japanese maple trunk states are Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee and Virginia. As with all armored scales (Diaspididae), JMS does not feed on vascular tissue (i.e. phloem), rather they target individual mesophyll cells and empty their contents via mechanical
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