Overview of Thermal Fluid Heaters
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Experimental and Computational Study of Indirect Expansion Solar Assisted Heat Pump System with Latent Heat Storage for Domestic Hot Water Production
Experimental and computational study of indirect expansion solar assisted heat pump system with latent heat storage for domestic hot water production A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) by Walid Mohamed Khalil Abdalla Youssef College of Engineering, Design, and Physical Sciences Brunel University London Abstract Solar assisted heat pump (SAHP) systems have been widely applied in domestic hot water (DHW) production due to their sustainability and stability in operations. However, their performance efficiency requires further improvement using advanced technologies such as energy storage with phase change materials (PCM) and optimal system controls. Undoubtedly, employing PCMs for latent heat storage (LHS) application has a great potential to improve a solar thermal application performance. Despite this fact, the use of PCM in this area is quite limited due to the poor thermal conductivity of available PCMs. Therefore, heat transfer enhancement is one of the essential strategies that can overcome this obstacle. Accordingly, a test rig of a new indirect expansion solar assisted heat pump (IDX-SAHP) system has been designed, built and instrumented. The system can handle heating capacity up to 9 kW. The IDX-SAHP system consists of three operational loops: solar thermal, solar-air assisted heat pump and load profile. A 2 kW PCM heat exchanger (HX) was purposely designed and installed in the system solar thermal loop to store solar energy, when applicable, and release heat when required by the heat pump. The PCM HX is employed with a novel heat transfer enhancement method. The maximum coefficient of performance (COP) of the IDX-SHAP system reached 4.99 during the sunny day with the PCM (HX) integration. -
Thermal Fluids, Also Known As Hot Oils, Heat Transfer
THE RIGHT TOOLS FOR SUCCESS Edward Cass, Paratherm Heat Transfer Fluids, USA, evaluates top strategies for sustaining the performance of thermal fluids. hermal fluids, also known as hot oils, heat transfer efficiency and uptime of the system. Despite their fluids (HTFs), thermal oils, etc., are fluids used to established track record of enhanced safety, decreased generate high operating temperatures at low maintenance and improved temperature control over other system pressures. They are used in numerous heating technologies, thermal fluids are prone to Tapplications from manufacturing of plastics and wood, to degradation over time. However, there is a fine line food processing, tank heating, refinery processes and between fluid degradation and fluid failure. While fluid chemical synthesis. These manufacturing processes rely on degradation is inevitable, implementation of proper fluid a continuous, responsive heating system to maintain and system management strategies can help avoid costly production. Thermal fluids fuel these production processes fluid failure. Sustaining optimal efficiency and performance and therefore fluid quality plays a big role in the overall of the thermal fluid is largely dependent on implementing HYDROCARBON 1 December 2019 ENGINEERING operate predictably and efficiently with little to no unplanned downtime so long as good management strategies are followed. Strategy one – select the proper fluid to match the application requirements It is quite common to hear of the incorrect thermal fluid being used for a given application. One should beware of off-brand thermal fluids that are often re-labelled lubricant oils. In many cases, similar fluid chemistries may be used in Figure 1. HTF chemistry – mineral oils are complex mixtures of both the heat transfer and lubricant oil paraffinic, isoparaffinic, naphthenic and aromatic structures. -
Classification of Machine Learning Frameworks for Data-Driven Thermal Fluid Models Chih-Wei Chang and Nam T
Classification of Machine Learning Frameworks for Data-Driven Thermal Fluid Models Chih-Wei Chang and Nam T. Dinh Department of Nuclear Engineering North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695-7909 [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Thermal fluid processes are inherently multi-physics and multi-scale, involving mass-momentum- energy transport phenomena at multiple scales. Thermal fluid simulation (TFS) is based on solving conservative equations, for which – except for “first-principles” direct numerical simulation – closure relations (CRs) are required to provide microscopic interactions or so-called sub-grid-scale physics. In practice, TFS is realized through reduced-order modeling, and its CRs as low-fidelity models can be informed by observations and data from relevant and adequately evaluated experiments and high-fidelity simulations. This paper is focused on data-driven TFS models, specifically on their development using machine learning (ML). Five ML frameworks are introduced including physics-separated ML (PSML or Type I ML), physics-evaluated ML (PEML or Type II ML), physics-integrated ML (PIML or Type III ML), physics-recovered (PRML or Type IV ML), and physics-discovered ML (PDML or Type V ML). The frameworks vary in their [physics.flu-dyn] performance for different applications depending on the level of knowledge of governing physics, source, type, amount and quality of available data for training. Notably, outlined for the first time in this paper, Type III models present stringent requirements on modeling, substantial computing resources for training, and high potential in extracting value from “big data” in thermal fluid research. The current paper demonstrates and investigates ML frameworks in three examples. -
A Design-Oriented Approach to the Integration of Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, and Heat Transfer in the Undergraduate Mechanical Engineering Curriculum
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 452 048 SE 064 601 AUTHOR Whale, MacMurray D.; Cravalho, Ernest G. TITLE A Design-Oriented Approach to the Integration of Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, and Heat Transfer in the Undergraduate Mechanical Engineering Curriculum. PUB DATE 1999-08-00 NOTE 13p.; Paper presented at the International Conference on Engineering Education (Ostrava, Prague, Czech Republic, August 10-14, 1999). AVAILABLE FROM For full text: http://www.ineer.org/Events/ICEE1999/Proceedings/papers/ 292/292.htm. PUB TYPE Reports Descriptive (141) Speeches/Meeting Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Design Build Approach; Engineering Education; *Fluid Mechanics; *Heat; Higher Education; Integrated Activities; Teaching Methods; *Thermodynamics; *Undergraduate Study IDENTIFIERS *Massachusetts Institute of Technology ABSTRACT This paper describes two parallel efforts that attempt to implement a new approach to the teaching of thermal fluids engineering. In one setting, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), the subject matter is integrated into a single year-long subject at the introductory level. In the second setting, at Victoria (British Columbia, Canada), the design-oriented approach is used in the traditional separated presentation at a more advanced level where the material is focused on heat transfer. In both cases, the subject concludes with a design project thatsynthesizes the subject matter in the context of a real application. Itis concluded that the students are much more engaged, develop a greater senseof accomplishment, and are much more capable of analyzing complex problems (SAH) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND D CATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS CENTER (ERIC) BEEN GRANTED BY is document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. -
Enhanced Thermochemical Heat Capacity of Liquids: Molecular to Macroscale Modeling
Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering ISSN: 1556-7265 (Print) 1556-7273 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/umte20 Enhanced Thermochemical Heat Capacity of Liquids: Molecular to Macroscale Modeling Peiyuan Yu, Anubhav Jain & Ravi S. Prasher To cite this article: Peiyuan Yu, Anubhav Jain & Ravi S. Prasher (2019) Enhanced Thermochemical Heat Capacity of Liquids: Molecular to Macroscale Modeling, Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 23:3, 235-246, DOI: 10.1080/15567265.2019.1600622 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/15567265.2019.1600622 View supplementary material Published online: 07 Apr 2019. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 177 View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=umte20 NANOSCALE AND MICROSCALE THERMOPHYSICAL ENGINEERING 2019, VOL. 23, NO. 3, 235–246 https://doi.org/10.1080/15567265.2019.1600622 Enhanced Thermochemical Heat Capacity of Liquids: Molecular to Macroscale Modeling Peiyuan Yu a, Anubhav Jaina, and Ravi S. Prashera,b aEnergy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; bDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Thermal fluids have many applications in the storage and transfer of Received 19 December 2018 thermal energy, playing a key role in heating, cooling, refrigeration, and Accepted 24 March 2019 power generation. However, the specific heat capacity of conventional KEYWORDS thermal fluids, which is directly linked to energy density, has remained Thermal fluids; relatively low. To tackle this challenge, we explore a thermochemical energy Thermochemical energy storage mechanism that can greatly enhance the heat capacity of base storage; Enhanced specific fluids (by up to threefold based on simulation) by creating a solution with heat; Density functional reactive species that can absorb and release additional thermal energy. -
Development of an Integrated Thermal Fluids Engineering
Session 1566 Development of an Integrated Thermal-Fluids Engineering Curriculum Richard N. Smith, Deborah A. Kaminski, Michael K. Jensen, and Amir Hirsa Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering, and Mechanics Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, NY 12180-3590 Abstract We present a new approach to teaching the core thermal/fluids curriculum for undergraduate programs in engineering. Traditional introductory thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer classes are being replaced with two integrated courses and an integrated laboratory course in which the three disciplines are taught simultaneously. The approach is intended to show interconnections and transferability of concepts and ideas, with an emphasis on the way they occur in engineering practice. Both courses are being taught in a new multimedia studio classroom, permitting student-student interactions, the use of in-class computer tools and examples, as well as individual desktop experiments and demonstration experiments. Our experiences in teaching through this innovative format, in using case studies to motivate student learning of introductory material, and in integrating the laboratory course experience to that of the studio classroom, are recounted. Introduction Fundamental changes in the core thermal-fluid science curriculum for engineers have been initiated at Rensselaer. We seek to improve the context in which material is presented, so that the physical intuition of our students is enhanced, their ability to think critically and to synthesize information is stimulated, and the relevance of the learning process to advanced analytical and computational tools available to the students is made clearer. This has been accomplished through the development of two distinct, but closely related, courses. The first course, Thermal and Fluids Engineering I (TF1), is a consolidation into a single four- credit course of the essential, fundamental aspects of classical thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer, in a context consistent with engineering practice. -
Engineering Handbook for the Designer of Hydro-Pneumatic Applications in Engineered Mechanical Systems…
ENGINEERING HANDBOOK FOR THE DESIGNER OF HYDRO-PNEUMATIC APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERED MECHANICAL SYSTEMS… This design handbook concerns the design, selection and application of hydro-pneumatic components in commercial, industrial, institutional and high-rise residential mechanical piping systems. Hydro-pneumatics—Can best be defined as the use of a gas, (usually air), in a liquid- filled piping system to control operating pressure, liquid expansion, and water hammer during system operation in applications for space heating and cooling; water heating (potable and process); and water supply applications (well systems and pressure booster systems). Section A, beginning on page A-1, will deal with the fundamentals of hydro-pneumatics in liquid heating and cooling systems. Section B, beginning on page B1, will cover sizing and design requirements, sizing procedures, installation and application variations of EXTROL hydro-pneumatic (expansion) tanks for hot water and chilled water hydronic systems. Section C, beginning on page C-1, will deal with air removal procedures in large hot water heating and cooling systems. The contents of each section are provided to aid the professional designer, specifier and estimator of engineered mechanical systems in selecting and applying hydro-pneumatic products as originally designed and produced by AMTROL Inc., to arrive at the most efficient and dependable system operation possible. In the future, the contents of this binder will be up-dated as new breakthroughs in the ever-changing mechanical systems field -
Taeevo Tech Is an Air Cooled Liquid Chiller, Designed for Industrial Use and for Installation in an External Environment
PROCESS COOLING SOLUTIONS TAEevo Air cooled industrial chillers with Scroll compressors - R410A Nominal cooling capacity 1.7 – 53.6 Tons Cooling your industry, optimising your process. TAEevo Tech is an air cooled liquid chiller, designed for industrial use and for installation in an external environment. A broad range of options available in product configuration and accessories in kit form, complete the already generous standard equipment and allow this machine to meet the majority of requirements of industrial applications. TAEevo Tech is therefore the solution for all applications that require high performance, reliability, continuity of operation and reduced management costs. Higher energy efficiency Respect for the Environment IC208CX microprocessor control User friendly Thanks especially to the ener- The eco-friendly refrigerant R410A TAEevo Tech features a new ad- The operation principle of the unit gy efficient scroll compressors, (ODP=0) with outstanding heat vanced microprocessor control is displayed in a simple and intui- the oversized evaporator and the conductivity, coupled with the low technology, with all models fitted tive synoptic sticker with new de- refrigerant R410A, TAEevo Tech absorbed power level of the scroll with a unique IC208CX digital con- sign. The meaning of the codes of achieves leading energy efficiency compressors, reduce the environ- trol. A comprehensive digital dis- the main alarms shown on the dis- levels. This is mated to low main- mental impact, minimizing the en- play keeps the user fully informed play of the controller are therefore tenance needs, ensuring TAEevo ergy waste. Recyclable and high concerning the correct operation easy to understand, even without Tech is a highly economical long- quality materials ensure respect for of the unit, warnings and alarms. -
Preparation and Startup of New Systems This Document Is Offered As a General Guideline to Starting a New Or Freshly Filled System
New System Startup Preparation and Startup of New Systems This document is offered as a general guideline to starting a new or freshly filled system. Please follow proper safety procedures and consult your system manufacturer for specifics on your system and what steps need to be taken to ensure a smooth and safe start up. System Preparation 1. A general inspection of the system before proceeding is recommended. Ensure all pipes, flanges, valves etc. are properly installed/tightened and valves are in their designated open/closed position for charging the system with fluid. 2. Inspect system for any water that may have been introduced during construction, pressure testing etc. Check with your system manufacturer for specific procedures but opening low point drains and blowing nitrogen or dry air (moist/standard air could introduce more water) through the system is generally recommended to ensure the system is dry. Filling the System Once the system’s integrity has been checked and all water removed it’s time to start filling the system. 1. Consider the ambient/fluid temperature and its affect on the fluid’s viscosity to ensure adequate pumps are available to start charging the system with fluid. Consult your specific Duratherm fluid property chart for its viscosity at your specific fill temperature. 2. Open all high point vents and valves to the various system ‘users’. 3. Filling the system should be done through the lowest point in the system in order to prevent air pockets - this is generally at the pump level and in some cases the system pump may be appropriate for filling the system. -
Fall 2015 MECH 2311 INTRODUCTION to THERMAL FLUID SCIENCES
Fall 2015 MECH 2311 INTRODUCTION TO THERMAL FLUID SCIENCES Course An introduction to basic concepts of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics to Description include properties, property relationships, states, and fluids. Presentation of the basic equations of thermal-fluid science, continuity, and first and second laws of thermodynamics. Prerequisites are MATH 1312 Calculus II with a grade of “C” or better. Instructor Norman Love, PhD Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering E-mail address: [email protected] Office: Engineering (Annex) Building A-110 Office hours: F 0100 –0200 pm or by Appointment Office Phone: 915-747-8981 Textbooks Thermodynamics An Interactive Approach (2015) by Subrata Bhattacharjee Pearson ISBN-13: 978-0-13-035117-3 Fluid Mechanics (2015) by R.C. Hibbeler Pearson ISBN-13: 978-0-13-277762-9 These books can be purchased at the bookstore and will be used for the following classes: MECH 2311 Intro to Thermal Fluids MECH 3312 Thermodynamics MECH 3314 Fluid Mechanics Mastering MasteringEngineering is a service provided by the book publisher, Pearson. Engineering It is design to help you better understand course material and overall achieve a better grade in the class. If you have any questions with the sign-up please let me know. Please see the Registration Handout at the end of this syllabus or as a standalone document on BlackBoard. Here are some links to some helpful registration videos: Getting Started: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZGkelldE3Y Registration: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9PWBDRqfH4 You are required to purchase MasteringEngineering for the course, it is the medium by which I will assign and grade homework for the semester. -
Best Practices Manual for Solar Hot Water Systems
Best Practices Manual for Solar Hot Water Systems Updated: 10-25-2011 Introduction: This manual was developed as a tool to assist solar thermal designers and installers as a guideline to provide the most reliable solar hot-water systems possible. The material presented here is not intended to be used as a list of system requirements or as a type of solar code. Rather, it was assembled with the input of many parties to share lessons learned in the field. It is not inclusive and is a work in progress. This manual was developed in Wisconsin where some parts of the state have over 10,000 heating degree days and where winter temperatures regularly fall below -30°F. In fact, the record coldest temperature recorded in Wisconsin was - 55°F. During the summer, temperatures can rise above 100°F. While most climates are not this severe, the practices outlined in this manual will be helpful for system designs in all cold climates as well as in warm climates. A properly designed solar hot-water system must not only function properly during extreme cold and hot environmental circumstances, it must also be able to safely endure sustained periods of low or no hot water draw without damage or overheating. A best practice is defined as: • A practice that is most appropriate under the circumstances. • A technique or methodology that, through experience and research, has reliably led to a desired or optimum result. Overview: A well-designed solar water heating system that is appropriate for the climate where it is located and is properly installed with appropriate solar rated components will last for many years. -
Paper 13. Fire and Explosion Hazards with Thermal Fluid Systems Alison
SYMPOSIUM SERIES NO. 156 Hazards XXII # 2011 IChemE FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS WITH THERMAL FLUID SYSTEMS Alison McKay, PROjEN plc, UK Richard Franklin, Heat Transfer Systems Ltd, UK Incidents relating to thermal fluid systems are unfortunately more common than we might realise, and can be extremely serious. The fire and explosion hazards with thermal fluid systems have been re-emphasised by recent incidents. These incidents have a direct bearing on the estimated 4,000 UK companies that operate thermal fluid systems. Water or steam can be used as heat transfer fluids, but when high temperatures are needed organic fluids, which are capable of forming explosive atmospheres, are often used. Although fire and explosion hazards of low flash point flammable liquids are generally recognised, similar hazards with high flash point materials, such as thermal fluids, are often missed. These heat transfer fluids are often handled at temperatures above their flash point. The Health and Safety Executive recently issued a prohibition notice to a UK company following a major thermal fluid incident and significantly, following that incident, has identified thermal fluid systems as a fire and explosion hazard. There have been other serious incidents this year. Although not under HSE jurisdiction, there was a recent thermal fluid-related explosion and fire at a German panel products plant which tragically caused three fatalities. Most companies will be aware that any system that operates above the flash point of the thermal fluid falls under the “Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmosphere” Regulations 2002 (DSEAR). However, many people are unaware that heat transfer fluids based on mineral oils degrade over time.