Editorial Style Guide University Publications UCSF Public Affairs

PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/07 12:24 PM Page 1 university of california, san francisco

03 | 2007 Editorial Style Guide University Publications UCSF Public Affairs

University of California, San Francisco | Public Affairs | Editorial Style Guide Terminology and Usage PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/07 12:24 PM Page 2

introduction

The UCSF Editorial Style Guide is designed to help answer some common questions that arise when writing for campus publications, whether in print form or on the web. It is intended for use with publications providing news and information for campus and community audiences. table of contents Here, you’ll find some tips on usage and basic standards for terms and style. The emphasis is on utility and readability, not rules for rules’ sake. The guide is designed to supplement basic 2 usage as found in the Associated Press Stylebook and spelling as found in Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary.

part 1

Organizational Names UCSF Campus and Organizational Names 3

UCSF-Affiliated Institutions 4

General Organizational Names 5

part 2

General Editorial Guidelines Abbreviations and Acronyms 6

Academic Degrees 7

Addresses, Telephone Numbers and URLs 8

Capitalization 10

Dates and Time 13

Geographical References 14

Numbers 15

Possessives 17

Punctuation 19

Terminology and Usage 25

University of California, San Francisco | Public Affairs | Editorial Style Guide PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage3 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, UCSF campusandorganizationalnames UCSF MedicalCenteratMountZionorcampus UCSF InstituteforRegenerationMedicine organizational names campus name Abbreviate as Use fullnameatfirstmention;insubsequentmentions,shortento • UCSFProgram inCraniofacialandMesenchymalBiology UCSFProgram inDevelopmentalandStemCellBiology • Institute forHealth&Aging Bixby CenterforReproductive HealthResearch &Policy Benefits &FinancialPlanning When referring toaUCSFentity, don’t useanampersandunlessitispartofaformalname: use acommabetween SanFrancisco– When spellingoutthefullnameofcampus–UniversityCalifornia, – HumanEmbryonicStemCellResearch Center | Public Affairs UCSF . | Editorial StyleGuide California and San Francisco , exceptindisplaytypeorlogoform. Mount Zion .

organizational names 3 part one PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage4 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, UCSF-affiliated institutions San FranciscoVeterans Affairs MedicalCenter(SFVAMC) Medical Center(SFGHMC) San FranciscoGeneralHospital(SFGH) the J.DavidGladstoneInstitutes UCSF: Also at–orsoonafterfirstmention,includeareference totheinstitutes’affiliation with with UCSF: Also at–orsoonafterfirstmention,includeareference tothemedicalcenter’s affiliation Spell outatfirstmention;abbreviate as are jointlyrecruited bySFVAMC andUCSFSchoolofMedicine. has beenaffiliated formore than30yearswiththeUCSFSchoolofMedicine.Allphysicians SFVAMC, amajortertiarycare referral California, centerforveteransthroughout Northern UCSF: Also at–orsoonafterfirstmention,includeareference tothehospital’s affiliation with Spell outatfirstmention;abbreviate as research. School ofMedicinefacultyandotherpersonnelengagedinpatientcare, teachingand Public Health’s CommunityHealthNetwork,SFGHintegratesintoitsoperationsUCSF An academiccommunityhospitalundertheauspicesofSanFranciscoDepartment Do notcapitalize and GladstoneinvestigatorsholdUniversityappointments. Disease. Althoughanindependentresearch entity, Gladstoneisformallyaffiliated withUCSF, Gladstone InstituteofVirology andImmunology, andtheGladstoneInstituteofNeurological Gladstone comprisesthree institutes:theGladstoneInstituteofCardiovascular Disease,the activities, includingtheteachingandtrainingofgraduatestudents. Veterans Affairs MedicalCenterinthenation. of thetopmedicalprograms inthecountry. At theUCSF-affiliated GladstoneInstitutes,investigatorsparticipateinmanyUniversity The UCSF-affiliated SFVAMC continuestoreceive themostresearch fundingofany Through itslongstandingaffiliation withUCSF, SFGHservesasatrainingground forone Since itsfounding,theGladstoneInstituteshasbeenrenowned foritsresearch. | Public Affairs the in thename.Usedcollectively, ittakesasingularverb: | Editorial StyleGuide or the GladstoneInstitutes also knownas SFVAMC SFGH thereafter. thereafter. San FranciscoGeneralHospital

organizational names 4 part one PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage5 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, general organizationalnames National InstitutesofHealth Kaiser PermanenteSanFranciscoMedicalCenter Joint Commission Institute onAging Institute ofMedicine Centers forDiseaseControl andPrevention InstituteforRegenerativeMedicine(CIRM) California InstituteforQuantitativeBiosciences(QB3) California (formerly AgencyforHealthCare PolicyandResearch) Agency forHealthcare Research andQuality A collectivenoun,itissingularinconstruction: Spell outatfirstmention;abbreviate as health plan.Avoid using Use Formerly theJointCommissiononAccreditation ofHealthcare Organizations(JCAHO). Formerly theGoldmanInstituteonAging,itincludesAgingResearch Center. Research Council. National AcademyofSciences,theEngineeringand Part oftheNationalAcademies.Theotherthree organizationsintheacademiesare the Spell outatfirstmention;abbreviate as Cures Initiative. Institute fundedbyProposition StemCellResearch 71(2004),theCalifornia and Center forInformationTechnology Research intheInterest ofSociety • InstituteforTelecommunications California andInformationTechnology • Nanosystems Institute (UCLA/UCSantaBarbarapartnership), California • industry. InstitutesforScienceandInnovation.Theotherthree OneoffourCalifornia are: Research instituteofUCSFinpartnershipwithUCBerkeley, UCSantaCruzandprivate health care qualityresearch. A partoftheUSDepartmentHealthandHumanServices,itisleadfederalagencyon A collectivenoun,itissingularinconstruction: The NIHannouncesnewguidelinestodayregarding stem cellresearch. (UC Berkeley/UCDavis/UCMerced/UC SantaCruzpartnership). (UC SanDiego/UCIrvinepartnership),and The CDCannouncesnewguidelines. Kaiser Permanente | Public Affairs | Editorial StyleGuide as ashortenedforminreference tooneofthehospitalsor Kaiser alone, toavoidconfusionwithotherKaiserentities. NIH CDC thereafter. thereafter.

organizational names 5 part one PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage6 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, abbreviations andacronyms University ofCalifornia Add Don’t useperiodswithacronyms orabbreviations formedbytwoormore words: in parens: When abbreviating anameorterm,spelloutatfirstmention,followedbytheabbreviation HMO, HMOs CEO, CEOs US PhD MD AIDS atrial fibrillation(AF) Food andDrugAdministration(FDA) City CollegeofSanFrancisco(CCSF) Veterans Affairs MedicalCenter(VAMC) UC Berkeley( UCLA ( UC Davis s without apostrophe topluralformsofabbreviations: not | Public Affairs UC LosAngeles) not UCB) can beabbreviated: | Editorial StyleGuide

general editorial guidelines 6 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage7 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, academic degrees When referring tothedegree bytheinitials,includeword Lowercase namesofdegrees, areas ofacademicconcentrationandsubjectareas: Don’t useperiodswhenabbreviating adegree: Eleanor Brown hasaPhDdegree. doctorate innursing bachelor ofsciencedegree inphysiology MBBS MD PhD BA | Public Affairs | Editorial StyleGuide degree , aswell:

general editorial guidelines 7 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage8 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, addresses, telephonenumbers andURLs on thepublication: area codeandprefix withperiods,parens andhyphen,orslashdepending Always includethearea codewithatelephonenumber, eveniflocal,separatingthe telephone numbers room number, withaspace(nothyphen)inbetween: When citingcampusaddresses, usethebuildingnameorabbreviation followedbythe the descriptor: When citingthenameofstreet only, withoutanumbered address, spellout avenue, boulevard) When citingnumbered street addresses, abbreviate thecommondescriptor addresses 415/476-2577 (415) 476-2577or 415.476.2577 or room N431 Medical SciencesBuilding,room S20 and4thavenues Parnassus 2nd Avenue andIrvingStreet 1200 SloatBlvd. Ave.350 Parnassus | Public Affairs : | Editorial StyleGuide (street,

general editorial guidelines 8 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage9 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, addresses, telephonenumbers andURLs for World WideWeb), alwaysuseitaspartoftheaddress: ( addressIf theInternet doesnotinclude addressIf theInternet (UniformResource Locator, orURL)includes their URLs)mayincludeintercaps: addresses areAll domainnamesinInternet lowercase. Namesofwebsites(asopposedto addressesinternet http:// www.ucsf.edu lifelonglearning.ucsf.edu (website name)BreastCancerTrials.org (URL) www.breastcancertrials.org ) aspartoftheaddress, sinceitisautomaticallyinterpolatedbywebbrowsers: | Public Affairs | Editorial StyleGuide www., omit thetransferprotocol www . (abbreviation

general editorial guidelines 9 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage10 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, capitalization descriptor isexcluded: Capitalize thenamesofdepartments,divisionsandprograms whentheentity capitalize theentitynamebutlowercase thedescriptor: When thedescriptor, whichformallyprecedes theentityname,insteadfollowsit, offices andcoursetitles: Capitalize thecompleteformalnamesofschools,departments,institutes,programs, In allinstances,capitalize titles ofUCSForganizations,entities: Biomaterials, BiophysicalSciencesandEngineering(referring toprogram) Pediatric Surgery(referring todivision) Pharmaceutical Chemistry(referring todepartment) Biomaterials, BiophysicalSciencesandEngineeringprogram Pediatric Surgerydivision Pharmaceutical Chemistrydepartment Nurse-Midwifery ManagementII Institute forHealthPolicyStudies Center forDrugDevelopmentScience Program inBiomaterials,BiophysicalSciencesandEngineering Division ofOrthodontics Department ofPharmaceuticalChemistry Department ofCommunityHealthSystems Department ofSurgery Department ofOralandMaxillofacialSurgery UCSF SchoolofPharmacy UCSF SchoolofNursing UCSF SchoolofMedicine UCSF SchoolofDentistry | Public Affairs | University Editorial StyleGuide when referring totheUniversityofCalifornia.

general editorial guidelines 10 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage11 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, capitalization capitalize onlythatportion: Always abbreviate used withoutthedescriptor, suchas Lowercase title,butcapitalizenameofdepartmentordivisionfollowingthewhen If atitledoescontainthenameofanorganizationalentityorword Lowercase titlesiftheyare notpartofanorganizationalentity: Lowercase titlesfollowinganameorstandingalone: Capitalize titlespreceding names: titles ofpersons: When mentioningallfourschoolsatUCSF, listthemalphabetically: Lowercase anynamesofdepartmentsorotherentitiesinaseriestwomore: Lowercase fragmentaryorinformalnames: vice chancellor, UniversityAdvancementandPlanning senior vicechancellor, FinancialandAdministrativeServices Dr. JohnBlack chief executiveofficer, clinicalenterprise James Gray, vicechancellorformedicalaffairs assistant professor ofstomatology Joan Green, professor ofbiochemistry ChancellorJoanGreenAssociate Vice Assistant Professor ofStomatologyJohnBlack the schoolsofdentistry, medicine,nursingandpharmacy departments ofmedicine,neurology andanatomy USF lawschool UCSF nursingschool the school(referring toaspecificschoolatUCSF) director, Publications chair, Surgery | Public Affairs doctor | when usedasanhonorific: Editorial StyleGuide department or division : University ,

general editorial guidelines 11 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage12 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, capitalization When italicsare notavailable: When italicsare available: When aperiodicalnamebeginswith titles ofperiodicals,books,articles,films,CDsandTVseries: rate from thetitle: “Get Smart” “Thriller” “Casablanca” “Moby Dick” San FranciscoChronicle series, useinitialcapsandencloseinquotationmarks: For thetitlesofperiodicals,useinitialscaps.books,films,CDsandTV Get Smart Thriller Casablanca Moby Dick San FranciscoChronicle For thetitlesofperiodicals,books,films,CDsandTVseries,useinitialcapsinitalictype: the the New EnglandJournalofMedicine New York Times | Public Affairs | Editorial StyleGuide The , lowercase thedefinitearticleandtreat assepa-

general editorial guidelines 12 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage13 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, dates andtime Use words todescribethetimemeridians,omitting Always usenumeralsandomitthezeros foron-the-hourtimes. Always spelloutthedayofweek: Spell outthemonthwhenusedaloneorwithonlyyear: Use cardinal numbers,notordinal numbers,withdates: Do notabbreviate thefollowingmonths: Abbreviate thefollowingmonthswhenusingwithaspecificday: Include eachentire yearwhendescribingarange: after bothforms: When referring todecades,useanapostrophe inthecontractedformandan 10 p.m. 7:45 a.m. midnight noon Use theabbreviations Monday, Feb.14 Wednesday wasthelastdaytoapply. He wasduetoreturn sometimeinJanuary2007. She tookoff themonthofDecemberforanextendedvacation. Nov. 13, March, April,May, June,July Jan., Feb.,Aug.,Sept.,Oct.,Nov., Dec. 2005-2006, 1990s ’90s not | Public Affairs not Nov. 13th 2005-06 a.m. | Editorial StyleGuide and p.m. with periods: 12 as redundant: s

general editorial guidelines 13 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage14 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, geographical references distinct areas: Geographic designationsandcardinal pointsare notusuallycapitalizedunlessknownas Don’t useperiodswithabbreviations: Mission District Bayview-Hunters Point Bay Area California Northern the West UAE UK Washington, DC US | Public Affairs | Editorial StyleGuide

general editorial guidelines 14 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage15 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, numbers Use acombinationofnumeralsandspelled-outwords for Spell outanyoftheaboveonlywhenbeginningasentence: Use numeralsfor Spell out cardinal numbers: Fifty percent ofthempaidlater. Exceptions: 3.2 billion 8 million • speed • dimensions • people’s weights • ratios • chromosome andgenenumbers,proteins, cytokines,etc. Additional exceptions: • numbershigherthan999,999whenexpressed asround numbersorindecimalform • percentages and • money • timeofday • scores (grade-pointaverages,examresults) • people’s ages 15 mph 8-by-12 room 123 pounds,12ounces 4:1 interleukin-2 HER2 chromosome 24 one 18 yearsold,hadappeared topaythe$5fee. the 3.2millionlateapplicantswithatestscore of6,allwhomwere atleast By 2p.m.only4percent ofthe8millionearlyapplicantsand2.6percent of | through Public Affairs 10 and above. nine | . Editorial StyleGuide millions , billions and higher:

general editorial guidelines 15 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage16 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, numbers Spell outnumbers numbers withmeasures (distance,duration): adjectival forms noun forms numbers withmeasures (volumes,doses,etc.): Do notusesuperscriptwith Use numeralsfor Spell out ordinal numbers: repeated: Include theentire figure inarangeofnumbers,evenifword orseriesofzeros hastobe 10 percent to20percent, 3 millionto5million, 35mm film 140cc dose Use numeralsandabbreviations withoutperiods,with pressure of160mmHg 3 cmofintravenousfluid Use numeralsandabbreviations withoutperiods,withaspacebetween: 8,000 to10,000, 24-hour day four-hour procedure 12-mile hike eight-mile run first | through Public Affairs 10th one not ninth and above. through not 8-10,000 | Editorial StyleGuide . 3-5 million th not . nine 10-20 percent or10-20% , andhyphenateadjectivalforms: no space between:

general editorial guidelines 16 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage17 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, possessives In thecaseofseparatepossession,add In thecaseofjointpossession,add In thecaseofnounspluralinformbutsingularmeaning,addonlyanapostrophe: In thecaseofnounsthatare thesameinsingularandplural,treat themasplural: In thecaseofsingularnounsendingin ing word beginswith herpes’ resistance measles’ effects the deer’s tracks the corps’location Mary’s andNancy’s andJohn’s books Mary andJohn’s apartment the hostess’seat the witness’story | Public Affairs s : | Editorial StyleGuide ’s to thenameclosestwhatisbeingpossessed: s , omitthe ’s to allnames: s after theapostrophe whenthefollow-

general editorial guidelines 17 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage18 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, possessives Convention israpidlychangingwithregard towhetherornotthepossessive possessives andeponymousdiseaseorsyndrome names: appended todiseaseorsyndrome names. Many names,like Down syndrome Here’s arepesentative sampleofcurrent usage: disease some organizationsusingthepossessiveformandothersnot.Fornow, use Hodgkin’s disease Hansen’s disease Guillain-Barré syndrome Graves’ disease Ewing’s sarcoma Duchenne musculardystrophy Down syndrome Cushing’s syndrome Crohn’s disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Charcot’s disease Chagas’ disease Barrett’s esophagus Alzheimer’s disease Addison’s disease and | Public Affairs Huntington’s disease and Parkinson’s disease Tourette syndrome | Editorial StyleGuide . and have beenwellestablishedforsometime. Huntington’s disease Turner syndrome Turcot syndrome Tourette syndrome Tay-Sachs disease Sjögren’s syndrome Reye’s syndrome Rendu-Osler-Weber disease Parkinson’s disease Munchausen syndrome Meniere’s disease Marfan syndrome Lesch-Nyhan syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Kaposi’s sarcoma Huntington’s disease , are nowintransition,with Parkinson’s ’s should be

general editorial guidelines 18 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage19 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, punctuation Nonrestrictive andrestrictive elements: Geographical references: Series: comma Don’t capitalizetheword followingacolonifitstartsphraseorlist: Capitalize theword followingacolonifitstartscompletestatement,orisproper noun: colon (This sentencemeansthatthenumberofstudentsattendinglabisgrowing.) Students whoattendthelabonaregular basisare growing innumber. Dean MaryWorth isbackintown. Don’t usecommastosetoff arestrictive term,phraseorclause: lab onaregular basis.) (This sentencemeansthatthenumberofstudentsisgrowing andthattheyalsoattendthe Students, whoattendthelabonaregular basis,are growing innumber. The dean,MaryWorth, isbackintown. Use commastosetoff nonrestrictive terms,phrasesorclauses: isinSanJoaquinCounty.Manteca, California, Use commastoseparatetherespective partsofplacenames: Don’t useacommabefore upending scientificconvention. The lecture heldabigsurprisefortheaudience:introduction ofarevolutionary theory al thinkingonthesubjectasantediluvian. The lecture heldabigsurprisefortheaudience:Theguestspeakerdismissedconvention The datestoremember are Oct.12,1492;May5,1862;andFeb.6,1944. When theseriesitselfcontainscommas,seteachelementoff withasemicolon: The honoree thankedherparents, ElvisPresley, andJanisJoplin. leave thecampus. They enterthebuilding,meetstudent,remind himthatheneedstostudy, and unclear withoutit: Also useacommabefore theconjunctioninaserieswhenmeaningis She ordered icedtea,salad,andahamcheesesandwich. Use acommabefore theconjunctioninaseriescontaininganotherconjunction: The nomineeswere Dick,JaneandSally. | Public Affairs | Editorial StyleGuide and or or in asimpleseriesofthree ormore items:

general editorial guidelines 19 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage20 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, punctuation hyphen Again, becauseofshortlinemeasures, donotaddspaceswhenusingellipses: ellipses use theen-dash(–),asopposedtoem-dash(—): Because ofoftenshortlinemeasures andinkeepingwithagrowing trend intypography, dash enough thisyear...out ofall6,007USmedicalcenters.” “The honorroll hospitalsare anelitegroup.... Just176hospitalsscored high attheforefront.California The measure –designedtogetaround restrictions infunding–puts two ormore words: Also usehyphenstoavoidambiguityorformasingleideafrom adjectives are incommonuse,andtherefore are commonlyunderstood: A prominent exceptioniswithuseoftheword Hyphens are generallyusedincompoundmodifierswhentheyprecede thenoun: The seminarexemplifiedasmall-group setting. The scenewasare-creation oftheoriginaltableau. health care setting intensive care ward primary care specialty acute care nursing well-known person full-time position 16-chair clinic grade-point average second- andthird-year residents first-year student | Public Affairs | Editorial StyleGuide care , becausesuchcompound

general editorial guidelines 20 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage21 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, punctuation status, orwhenthehyphenisneededforreadability: When usingtheprefix Also useahyphenwithcommonprefixes whenthefollowingword isinitialcap: ed lettersthatimpedereadability: Also useahyphenwhentheadditionofprefix results intwoconjoinedvowelsorrepeat- that impedereadability: Use ahyphenwhentheadditionofprefix results induplicatedvowelsorconsonants multi-, non-,post-,pre-,pro-,re-,uni- In general,donothyphenatecompoundswithwell-knownprefixes suchas prefixes co-locate co-chair co-author non-English-speaking pre-registration bio-adhesive post-traumatic pre-eclampsia intra-articular anti-inflammatory unidirectional reappoint proactive predoctoral postgraduate nonprofit multidisciplinary bicoastal antihistamine | Public Affairs co- | , includethehyphenwhenword describesoccupationor Editorial StyleGuide , etc.: anti-, bi-,

general editorial guidelines 21 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage22 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, punctuation Hyphenate Hyphenate whenusing -over, -wide,-wise In general,donothyphenatecompoundswithcommonsuffixes suchas suffixes The formerprefix When usingtheprefix Omit thehypheninotherwords withtheprefix Do nothyphenatemostconstructionsusing clockwise departmentwide carryover walkout yearlong clueless vice president vice chairman self-evident self-care cooperate coordinate Ebola-like bell-like childlike break-in troublemaker decisionmaking policymaker -like | Public Affairs only whenthestemword endsin vice- , etc.: self- now usuallyappearsasaseparateword: -in | : Editorial StyleGuide , alwaysuseahyphen: -maker co- l : or isaproper noun: or -making : -less, -long,-out,

general editorial guidelines 22 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage23 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, punctuation marks: When usingquoteswithinquotes,placesinglequotationmarksinsidedouble whole sentence: marks whentheyapplytothequotedmatteronly, andgooutsidewhentheyapplytothe The dash,semicolon,colon,questionmarkandexclamationpointgoinsidethequotation Closing quotationmarksfollowcommasandperiodsendingthestatementbeingquoted: quotation marks But there are exceptions: Do nothyphenatemostconstructionsusing For unusualorcumbersomeconstructionscontaining for readability: “With fivememberspresent, theexaminingboard“With and‘auxiliaryguests’mayproceed.” are listedbelow. The board declared that“studentsmustregister first”;additionalregulations Why don’t theyplay“Misty”? “To beornottobe?”hewondered aloud. He said,“Closethedoor.” “Close thedoor,” hesaid. shake-up close-up grown-up follow-up start-up furniture maker furniture tea maker roundup makeup cleanup | Public Affairs | Editorial StyleGuide -up : -maker or -making , usetwowords

general editorial guidelines 23 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage24 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, punctuation Whenever possible,avoidconstructionsinwhichaslashsubstitutesforconjunction: Do notuseaslashindates: Use aslashonlyincommonexpressions orwithnumeralsinfractions: slash /slantdiagonalsolidusvirgule the beginningofeachparagraphcontinuingquote: When aquoteisbroken upintotwoormore paragraphs,adddoublequotationmarksat not telecommunications anddatarooms May 1,2005, 1/256 1/24 24/7 9/11 HIV/AIDS of thefaculty...” “The long-termconsequencesare ofimmeasurableimportancetoeachmember on soundreasoning. ...Professor Blackagreed completely:“Iconcurwiththechancellor’s decision,asitisbased telecomunications/data rooms | Public Affairs not 5/1/05 | Editorial StyleGuide or 1/5/05

general editorial guidelines 24 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage25 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, terminology andusage cement breastfeed, breastfeeding birthweight assure anniversary and/or alumnus affect adviser are women,use She insured theparcel’s contentsfor$1,000. Insure The committee’s methodicalworkhelpedtoensure theoutcome. Ensure The physicianassured thepatientthatprocedure waspainless. Assure 25th anniversary first anniversary, Since themeaningincludes Avoid thisambiguous,awkward construction.Use In general,use The effect wasoverwhelming. Effect He willeffect manychangesinthedepartment. Effect The gamewillaffect thestandings. Affect This isthepreferred spellinginAmericanEnglish,asopposedtotheBritish The committee’s ideaswere exploratory, notsetinconcrete. gravel, andwater: Concrete The clinicianandresearcher metregularly tocementtheircollaborativerelationship. (verb) meanstomakefirmorunitebyasifcement: Cement vs. vs. vs. effect , asanoun,meansresult: , asaverb,meanstocause: , asaverb,meanstoinfluence: ensure means toguaranteepersonsorproperty againstrisk: concrete means tomakesomethingsecure orcertain: means tosetthemindatrest: (noun) meansabindingelementorsomethingservingtounitefirmly; | is abuildingmaterialmadeofcement,mineralaggregate, suchassandand Public Affairs vs. alumnus not alumna insure one-year anniversary | Editorial StyleGuide (singular) and (singular) and year , useordinal numbersforrecurrences ofadate: alumni alumnae (plural). Butwhenreferring tograduateswho (plural). and or or . advisor .

general editorial guidelines 25 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage26 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, terminology andusage disc dilatation vs.dilation dietitian data coursework continual compose compare to child care (noun) chair or oftheexecutiveaUniversityacademicdepartment;donotuse Title The healthyheartbeatsinacontinuousrhythm. Continuous He wastroubled fordaysbycontinualcoughing. Continual The committeecomprises13membersoftheAcademicSenate. Comprise The committeeiscomposedof13memberstheAcademicSenate. The studycompared thedefribillatorsmadebyAcmewiththoseNadir. Compare with She compared thehearttoasophisticatedpump. Compare to Compose vs. Use videodisc, ortopartofavertebra. Use The catheterexpediteddilationoftherightcoronary arteryduringtheprocedure. Dilation The MRIshowedextensivedilatationofthevessel. Dilatation The datawere validatedbysubsequentresearch. A pluralnounwhenusedinamedicalorscientificcontext;thesingularis chairwoman disk vs. vs. disk disc vs. continuous comprise | means theprocess ofstretching: means repeating steadilyatintervals: means toincludeorbemadeupof: Public Affairs means toformbyputtingtogetherorconstitute: when referring toamagneticstoragemedium,suchascomputerdisk. when referring toanopticalstoragemedium,suchasacompactdiscor means theconditionofbeingstretched: compare with means uninterrupted: means tolikenonethingsomethingsimilar: means tolookatsimilaritiesanddifferences: . | Editorial StyleGuide chairman datum.

general editorial guidelines 26 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage27 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, terminology andusage fewer fewer fax every day emeritus email e.g. vs. vs. vs. He wore hiseverydayshoestotheconference. The word She taughtthebiochemistryclasseveryday. She hadfewerthan10one-dollarbillsinherpocket. He hadlessthan$50inhispocket. Fewer than10applicantscalled. Do notuse Use A shortenedformof The phrase singular is This isthesingular, masculineform.Thepluralis He wrote toclarifyhisintent,i.e.,postponethemeetinguntilamore suitabledate. i.e. Parkinson’s diseaseandmultiplesclerosis. Her research encompassesneurodegenerative diseases;e.g.,Alzheimer’s disease, e.g. Fewer than10carswere parkedinthelot. The budgetwaslessthan$4million. use When referring toalesserquantityoramount,use Exception: They workedundertheconstraintsofdeadline. She playedoutdoorsundersunnyskies. the control of: i.e. under; lessthan less ( id est fewer vs. ( fewer exempli gratia | everyday Public Affairs ) means : everyday emerita for individualitems, He isunder30. under every day every ; thepluralis unless the intended meaning is physically underneath orsubjectto unless theintendedmeaningisphysicallyunderneath that is ) means is anadjective,andmeansordinary orusedroutinely: facsimile | vs. Editorial StyleGuide is adverbial: : under for example , itislowercase. less emeritae for bulkorquantity: : . emeriti less than . Whenreferring towomen,the . Forindividualitems,

general editorial guidelines 27 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage28 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, terminology andusage home health care grade 2tumor fundraising full-time equivalent(FTE) full time,parttime Founders Day flush vs. The departmentchairhadspentmanyyearshoningherpublicspeakingskills. Hone Scientists are hominginonanunderstandingoftheworkingsstemcells. toward anobjective: Home Spell astwowords ineithernounoradjectivalform. Grades progress from 1through 3. One word asbothanounandanadjective. Avoid usingasjargon;i.e., She isanFTEemployee. The departmenthas45FTEpositions. The phraseisadjectival: She isapart-timestudent. Doctor Whiteteachespediatricsparttime. He isafull-timeprofessor attheuniversity. She wasworkingfulltimeinheroffice job. a noun,inwhichcasetheyare hyphenated: Each ofthesetermsistwowords, exceptwhenusedasacompoundadjectivepreceding Annual UCSFevent;noapostrophe. They workedonthepreliminary plantofleshoutthedetails. Flesh During therigorous oralexamination,heflushedself-consciouslyasresponded. brightly orblush: Flush vs. flesh hone (intransitive verb)meanstobecomefleshyorsubstantial: (intransitive verb)meanstoflowsuddenly, toproduce newgrowth, ortoglow means tosharpen,ormakemore intenseoreffective: (verb) meanstogoorreturn home,ortoproceed ordirect attention | Public Affairs | Editorial StyleGuide FTE as anounorinpluralform.

general editorial guidelines 28 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage29 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, terminology andusage We are aboutcostand,mostimportant,thequalityofcare. concerned ` needlestick more than more important,mostimportant media like lifestyle life span level IIultrasound level IItraumacenter if house staff vs. vs. The investigatoraskedwhethertheresults were valid. Whether whether most importantly It proved ausefulmediuminwhichtoexpress herself. clause When usedasanqualifyingphrase,theseconstructionsare ashortenedformofthe The singularformis The massmediawere publicizingtheincident. The pluralformtakesaverb: Do ashesays. As (conjunction): She actedlikeaseasonedprofessional. Like (preposition): If thepreliminary results holdupovertime,theresearch willbeasuccess. If Do notuse the correct phraseis Exception More than50studentswere enrolled. as means intheeventthatoronconditionthat: vs. what ismoreimportant means anindirect questioninvolvingalternatives: | over Public Affairs : Sheisover30. over unless referring toaspatialrelationship. Forfigures andmonths, is misleading,sinceitcanmeanself-important: medium | more than Editorial StyleGuide : or : what ismostimportant. Use of more importantly and

general editorial guidelines 29 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage30 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, terminology andusage T cell start-up stage 3cancer specialty small celllungcancer, nonsmallcelllungcancer Regent, Regents radio frequency, radiofrequency phase IIIclinicaltrial percent, percentage offline, online off campus,oncampus Hyphenate onlywhenusedasanadjective. Hyphenate whenusedasanounoradjective. Stages progress from 1through 4. This isthepreferred word inAmericanEnglish,asopposedtotheBritish Common usagemakesthemeaningclearenoughwithoutuseofahyphen. University ofCalifornia. Always capitalizewhenreferring tooneormore oftheRegents The instrumentmakesuseofradiofrequency pulses. Close upwhenusingasanadjective: The radiofrequency forthestationis89.5MHz. Use thephrase Use theword 43 percent accuracyrate premium: Spell out percentage percent Her office islocatedinanoff-campus building. Professor Green spentlastweekoff campus. Spell astwowords, exceptwhenusedasanadjectivebefore anoun: 40 percent to50percent, : adjective. | Public Affairs percent : noun. percent radio frequency or as oneword; avoidtheuseof%exceptinchartsorwhere spaceisata phase IIItrial | Editorial StyleGuide with everycitationofapercentage: not 40-50 percent in nounform: speciality .

general editorial guidelines 30 part two PR583_UCSFEditGuide-rd3_rev.qxd 10/22/0712:24PMPage31 University of California, SanFrancisco University ofCalifornia, terminology andusage zip code zebrafish X-ray who web, website,webpage vice University tPA toward that vs. vs. vs. stood inlowercase form. Originally anacronym (ZoneImprovement Plan),commonusagemakesiteasilyunder- In scientificusage,itisoneword. Initial cap;hyphenateasbothanounandanadjective. Use vise vice Always capitalize Use thisshortenedformof This isthepreferred usageinAmericanEnglish,asopposedtotheBritish She wantsacopyofhislatestbook,whichshe’llread tonight,andacupofcoffee. meaning –andsetitoff withcommas: Use She wantsacopyofthebookthatjustcameouttoday. modifies –sothatthemeaningwillchangeifclauseisleftout: Use Whom shouldIaskfor? The studenttowhomtheprizewasgivenhadscored thehighest. Use His brother, whowillsendhimthemoney, isoutoftown. Who willbethewinner? The studentwhoscored thehighestwonaprize. which vise whom : atoolwithtwojawsthatclose,usedforholdingwork. : amoralfaultorfailing;foible. who which that whom | Public Affairs to introduce arestrictive clause–aessentialtothemeaningofnounit when thepersonissubjectofstatement: for anunrestricted clause–athatcanbeomittedwithoutchangingthe when thepersonisobjectofaverborpreposition: University | Editorial StyleGuide tissue plasminogenactivator when referring inshortenedformto without ahyphen. University ofCalifornia towards . .

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