T H E I N S T I T U T E O F C L A SSI C A L A R C H I T E C T U R E & A R T N A T I ONA L C O R E C U R R I C U L U M

LITERATURE AND THEORY OF CLASSICAL

I DESCRIPTION OF CORE SUBJECT AREA

II LEARNING OBJECTIVES

III LEARNING OUTCOMES

IV RESOURCES

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LITERATURE AND THEORY OF CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE

I. DESCRIPTION OF CORE SUBJECT AREA

The core subject area of the Literature and Theory of Classical Architecture curriculum is a presentation of, and engagement with, the major texts of architectural literature and theory. Theoretical concepts will be examined both through written and illustrated publications and corresponding paradigmatic buildings that are regarded as architectural masterpieces. Architecture, in the Classical tradition, has been perpetuated and propagated largely through the influence of written and illustrated publications; the trajectory of architectural literature and theory is charted through the development of seminal works, both written and built, that provide a living legacy of the Classical tradition. This curriculum provides a student with a historical context to compare and contrast the Classical tradition with current architectural theory and practice. As such, while the historical context and importance of each text is considered, the focus will be the theoretical and practical information provided, its application to architectural design in the Classical tradition, and how literature and theory can nurture the development of future architectural masterpieces.

II. LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• To introduce the essential texts, as ideas and images, and architectural theory of the Classical tradition as it has historically developed and its influence on contemporary architectural practice.

• To present the major monuments of the Classical tradition in relation to seminal texts of architectural theory.

III. LEARNING OUTCOMES

• To become familiar with the major texts and masterpieces of the Classical tradition.

• To recognize and engage the fundamental design principles of the Classical tradition as explored in the seminal works of architectural literature and theory.

• To understand how the theoretical concepts of the Classical tradition have been physically manifested in paradigmatic buildings throughout history.

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• To develop critical thinking regarding the history of architectural literature and theory of the Classical tradition, applying its concepts to architectural design and engaging the broader context of the contemporary built environment.

IV. RESOURCES

I. General II. Vitruvius and Antiquity III. Architectural Treatises; Books on the Classical Orders and Elements IV. Architectural Theory V. The Study of Classical Design VI. Drawing, Drafting and Rendering VII. Monographs VIII. Architectural Design and Composition IX. Pattern Books and Details X. Miscellaneous

I. General

Evers, Bernd. Architectural Theory From the Renaissance to the Present. Taschen: Koln, 2003.

Kostof, Spiro. A : Settings and Rituals. Londong, Oxford University Press, 1995, Second Edition. A superbly illustrated survey of the architectural form and how it has been shaped by social, economic and technological influences.

Kruft, Hanno-Walter. A History of Architectural Theory from Vitruvius to the Present, Princeton Architectural Press, 1996. A scholarly survey that is a compact and lucid guide to Architectural History and Theory based on texts

II. Vitruvius and Antiquity

Barletta, Barbara A. The Origins of the Greek Architectural Orders. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Coulton, J. J. Ancient Greek Architects at Work Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1977.

D'Evelyn, Margaret. and Vitruvius: Reading Venice with Daniele Barbaro and Andrea Palladio. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2012.

Jones, Mark Wilson. Principles of Roman Architecture. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000.

Malacrino, Carmelo.Constructing the Ancient World: Architectural Techniques of the Greeks and Romans. Getty Publications, 2010.

Smith, Thomas Gordon. Vitruvius on Architecture. New York: The Monacelli Press, 2003.

Vitruvius Pollio, Marcus. Ten Books on Architecture. Trans. by Ingrid D. Rowland and Thomas Noble Howe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Vitruvius Pollio, Marcus. Ten Books on Architecture. Trans. by Morris Hicky Morgan. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1960.

Vitruvius Pollio, Marcus. Vitruvius on Architecture. Translated by Richard Schofield, New York: Penguin Classics, 2009.

III. Architectural Treatises; Books on the Classical Orders and Elements

Adam, R. (1991). Classical Architecture. New York: Abrams.

Alberti, Leon Battista. On the Art of Building in Ten Books. Trans. by Joseph Rykwert, Neil Leach and Robert Tavenor. Cambridge, MA: M.I.T. Press, 1988.

Alberti, Leon Battista. On Painting. Edited by Martin Kemp, New York: Penguin Classics, 1991.

Bibiena, Fernando. L’Architettura Civile. Reprint. New York: Benjamin Blom Inc, 1971.

Brown, Frank Chouteau et al. The Study of the Orders. Digital Reprint on Demand.

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Chambers, William, Joseph Gwilt, and Thomas Hardwick. A Treatise on the Decorative Part of Civil Architecture. New York: Dover Publications, 2003.

Chambray, Roland Freart de. A Parallel of Architecture Both Ancient and Modern. Reprint London:

Chitham, Robert. The Classical Orders of Architecture. Oxford: Architectural Press, 1985. Dedalo Librerie, 2008.

Gibbs, James. Book of Architecture New York: Dover Publications, 2008.

Gibbs, James. Rules for Drawing the Several Parts of Architecture. Reprint London: Jarrold and sons, Ltd, 1948.

Gromort, Georges. The Elements of Classical Architecture. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2001. ICAA, Classical Primer.

Normand, Charles Pierre Joseph and Johann Matthaus von Mauch. Parallel of the Classical Orders of Architecture. New York: Acanthus Press, 1998.

Palladio, Andrea. The Four Books on Architecture. Trans. by Robert Tavernor and Richard Schofield. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997. (An facsimile of an early English edition is also available: New York: Dover Publications, 1965.)

Perrault, Claude. Ordonnance for the Five Kinds of Columns After the Method of the Ancients. Santa Monica, CA: The Getty Center, 1993.

Scamozzi, Vincenzo. L’idea della Architettura Universale Book II. Reprint of 1615, Architectura and Natura, 2003.

Serlio, Sebastiano. Sebastiano Serlio on Domestic Architecture: Volume 1: Books I-V of "Tutte l`opere d`architettura et prospetiva". Trans. By Vaughan Hart and Peter Hicks, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.

Serlio, Sebastiano. Sebastiano Serlio on Domestic Architecture: Volume 2: Books VI-VII of "Tutte l`opere d`architettura et prospetiva” with "Castrametation of the Romans" and "The Extraordinary Book of Doors". Trans. By Vaughan Hart and Peter Hicks, New Haven: Yale

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University Press, 2001.

Stuart, James & Revett, Nicholas, Antiguities of Athens, Princeton Archtiectural Press reprint. Thomas Roycraft, 1707.

Vignola, Giacomo Barozzi da. Canon of the Five Orders of Architecture. Trans. By Branko Mitrovic. New York: Acanthus Press, 1999.

Vignola, Giacomo Barozzi da. Canon of the Five Orders of Architecture. Translated by John Leeke. New York: Dover Publications, 2010.

Vittone, Bernardo. Istruzioni elementari per indirizzo de' giovani allo studio dell'architettura civile. : Walker, C. Howard. Theory of Mouldings. New York, W. W. Norton & Co., 2007.

Ware, William R. The American Vignola A Guide to the Making of Classical Architecture. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1977.

IV. Architectural Theory

Durand, Jean-Nicolas-Louis. Précis of the Lectures on Architecture. Trans. by David Britt. Los Angeles: The Getty Research Institute, 2000.

Gropius, Walter. The New Architecture and the Bauhaus. Trans. P. Morton Shand. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1965.

Hermann, Wolfgang. Gottfried Semper: In Search of Architecture. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1984.

Laugier, Marc-Antoine. An Essay on Architecture. Trans. Wolfgang and Anni Herrmann.

Le Corbusier. Towards a New Architecture. Trans. John Goodman, Ed. Jean Louis Cohen. The Getty Research Institute, 2007.

Loos, Adolf. Ornament and Crime. Trans. Michael Mitchell and Adolf Opel. Ariadne Press, 1997. Los Angeles: Hennessey & Ingalls, Inc., 1977.

Mallgrave, Harry. Architectural Theory: Volume I: An Anthology from Vitruvius to 1870. Wiley- Blackwell,

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Mallgrave, Harry. Architectural Theory: Volume II: An Anthology from 1871-2005. Wiley- Blackwell,

Mallgrave, Harry. Gottfried Semper: Architect of the 19th Century. New Haven, CT: Yale U Press, 1996.

Porphryios, Demetri. Classical Architecture: The Living Tradition. 1992, McGrawHill

Ruskin, John. The Seven Lamps of Architecture. New York: Dover, 1989.

Scott, Geoffrey. The Architecture of Humanism. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1999

Scruton, Roger. The Classical Vernacular: Architectural Principles in an age of Nihilism. London, UK: St. Martin’s Press, 1995.

Scruton, Roger. The Aesthetics of Architecture. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980.

Semper, Gottfried. The Four Elements of Architecture and Other Writings. Trans. Wolfgang Hermann. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

Summerson, John. The Classical Language of Architecture. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1966.

Wittkower, Rudolf. Architectural Principles in the Age of Humanism. NewYork: W.W. Norton and Company, 1971

Wolfe, Tom. From Bauhaus to Our Haus. Picador, 2009.

V. Monographs

Adam, Robert and James. The works in Architecture of Robert and James Adam, Dover reprint

Alpern, Andrew. The New York Apartment Houses of Rosario Candela and James Carpenter. New York: Acanthus Press, 2001.

Borsi, Franco. , The Complete Works. New York: Electa/Rizzoli, 1977.

Butler, A.S The Architecture of Sir Edwing Lutyens, 3 Volumes. 1955.

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C.N.Ledoux, Collection qui rassemble tous les genres de batiments employes dans l'ordre social , Reprint Princeton.

Cortissoz Royal. Monograph on the work of Charles A. Platt . Architectural Book Publishing Co.; Second Printing edition (1919)

Dowling, Elizabeth Meredith. American Classicist The Architecture of Philip Trammell Shutze. New York: Rizzoli, 1989.

Garrison, James B. Master Tradition The Residential Architecture of John Russell Pope. New York: Acanthus Press, 2004.

Hewitt, Mark Alan, Kate Lemos, William Morrison, and Charles D. Warren. Carrère & Hastings Architects. New York: Acanthus Press, 2006.

Boutelle, Sara Holmes Julia Morgan:Architect

Kathrens, Michael C. American Splendor The Residential Architecture of Horace Trumbauer. New York: Acanthus Press, 2002.

Lindeberg, H.T. Domestic Architecture of H.T. Lindeberg. New York: Acanthus Press, 2003.

McKim, Mead and White. The Architecture of McKim, Mead and White in Photographs, Plans and Elevations. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1990.

Mitchell, Jr., William R. J. Neel Reid Architect of Hentz, Reid & Adler and the Georgia School of Classicists. Savannah: Golden Coast Publishing Co., 1997. Monograph of John Russell Pope

O’Neal, William B. and Christopher Weeks. The Works of William Lawrence Bottomley. Charlottesville: The University Press or Virginia, 1985.

Pennoyer, Peter and Anne Walker. The Architecture of Delano & Aldrich. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2003.

Pennoyer, Peter and Anne Walker. The Architecture of Warren & Wetmore. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2006.

Princeton Architectural Press; New Complete Edition edition (1989)

Puppi, Lionello. Andrea Palladio, The Complete Works. New York: Electa/Rizzoli, 1975.

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Schinkel, K.F. Sammlung Architektonischer Entwurfe (Collection of Architectural Designs). Reprint Princeton

Helburn, William. The Architecture of John Russell Pope , 3 Volumes, , New York. 1919 – 1930.

Wenzel, Paul and Maurice Krakow. The Architecture of Charles A. Platt. New York: Acanthus Press, 1998.

White, Theo B. Paul Philippe Cret Architect and Teacher. Philadelphia: The Art Alliance Press, 1973.

Wister, Owen. A Monograph of Mellor Miegs and Howe, Taylor Trade Publishing; 2nd Edition (March 13, 2000)

VI. Design, Drafting and Rendering Techniques

Clute, Eugene. Drafting Room Practice. New York: The Pencil Points Press, 1928.

D'Espouy, H. Greek and Roman Architecture in Classic Drawings. (J. Blatteau, Ed.) Mineola: Dover, 1981.

Magonigle, H. Van Buren. Architectural Rendering in Wash. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1921.

McGoodwin, Henry. Architectural Shades and Shadows. Concord: Bates & Guild, Boston, 1922.

VII. The Study of Classical Architectural Design

Brown, Frank Chouteau et al. The Study of the Orders. Digital Reprint on Demand.

Curtis, Nathaniel Cortlandt. Architectural Composition. Cleveland: J.H. Jansen, 1926. (The Secrets of Architectural Compostion,, Dover reprint)

Drexler, Architecture of the Ecole de Beaux Arts

Harbeson, John. The Study of Architectural Design. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2008. (Originally published New York, 1924.)

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VIII. Architectural Design and Composition; Precedent de Rossi, Domenico. Studio d’Architettura Civile. Augsburg: Johann Ulrich Kraussen, 1716. draughtsmen. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1975

Durand, J.N.L. - Recueil et parallele des edifices

Hegemann W., E. Peets. The American Vitruvius: An Architects Guide to Civic Art. Prinetont, Dover

Letarouilly, Paul – Edifice de Moderne

Letarouilly, Paul – Le Vatican

Myers, Mary. Architectural and ornament drawings: Juvarra, Vanvitelli, the Bibiena family, & other Italian Shepherd, J.C., G. Jellicoe. Italian Gardens of the Renaissance

Stratton, Arthur - Form and Design in Classical Architecture

Triggs, H. I – The Art of Garden Design in Italy

Van Pelt, John. Architecture Toscane

Campbell, Colen. Vitruvius Brittanicus, Dover reprint

IX. Pattern Books and Details of Classical Design

Benjamin, Asher. The American Builder’s Companion. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1969.

Ching, Francis. Building Construction Illustrated. Wiley, 2008.

Cusato, Marianne Get Your House Right. New York: Sterling Publishing, Inc, 2007.

Gindroz, Ray and Rob Robinson. The Architectural Pattern Book. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2004.

Grenfell, Milton. Comparative Architectural Details. W.W. Norton and Co, 2010.

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Knobloch, Philip George Good Practice in Construction, Pencil Points Press, Incorporated, 1925

Mouzon, Stephen A. Traditional Construction Patterns. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004.

Snyder, Frank. Building Details. W.W. Norton and Co, 2007.

X. Miscellaneous

Bruschi, Arnaldo. Bramante. Thames and Hudson: London, 1977.

King, Ross. Brunelleschi’s Dome. New York: Penguin, 2001.

Lewis, Douglas. The Drawings of Andrea Palladio. New Orleans: Martin & St. Martin, 2000.

Mitrovic, Branko. Learning From Palladio. New York: W.M. Norton & Company, Inc., 2004.

Vasari, Giorgio. Lives of the Artists Volume I and II. New York: Penguin, 1988.

Britton, Karla. Auguste Perret. Phaidon Press, 2001.

Drexler, Arthur. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Literary Licensing LLC, 2011

ADDENDUM:

Paradigmatic Buildings

Vitruvius and Antiquity

Greek Temples- Parthenon, Athens: Temple of Apollo at Didyma Stoas- Agoras, Athens: Stoa of Attalos, Athens Urbanism- Priene: Pergamon

Rome Temples- Temples at Baalbek: Temple of Augustus at Nimes Theatres- Colosseum, Rome: Teatre d’Orange Basilica, Forum of : Palace of Tiberius at Capri Residences- Hadrian’s Villa: House of the Fawn Rotunda Monuments- Pantheon: Mausoleum of Augustus

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Baths/Public Entertainment- Baths of Caracalla: Hippodrome

Late Antiquity Churches- St. Peter’s (early Christian trabeated), Rome: , Istanbul (concrete vaulted)

Romanesque Centralized Churches- San Vitale, : Cathedral at Aachen (Palatine Chapel)

Transition to Gothic Churches- Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucestershire: San Marco, Venice Town Hall- Gubbio, Italy

Gothic Churches- San Chappelle, : Chartres, Town Halls-

The Architectural Treatise

Brunelleschi Nave and Dome of Duomo in : San Lorenzo in Florence

Alberti San Andrea al : Santa Maria Novella, Florence Palazzo Rucelli, Florence: Palazzo Medici, Florence

Bramante Il Tempietto: Santa Maria Della Pace, da Cortona

Peruzzi Palazzo Massimo (Abstract ): Palazzo Spada, Borromini (Figural)

Palladio Basilica, : Il Rendentore, Venice. Villa Capra (Rotunda): Villa at Maser Palazzo Valmarana, Palazzo Chigi

Michelangelo St. Peter’s Dome and Exterior portions: Campidoglio Medici Chapel: Laurentian Library

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Books on the Orders

Vignola Villa Medici: Villa Caparola

Scamozzi Villa Molin: Palazzo Thiene

Chambray Luxembourg Palace, Salomon de Brosse: Versailles, Mansart and Le Vau

Guarini Sindone Chapel, Guarini: St. Ivo della Sapienza, Borromini Palazzo Carignano, : Palazzo Madama, Turin

Vittone Cappella della Visitazione a Vallinotto: S. Chiara, Turin

Bibiena, Fernando

De Rossi, Domenico S. Andrea al Quirinale, Bernini: S. Carlino alle Quattro Fontane, Borromini

Fischer von Erlach Karlskirche, Vienna: La Superga, Juvarra Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna: Belvedere, von Hildebrandt OR Wurzburg, Neumann

Architectural Theory I & II

Theatre: Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, Auguste Perret: Burgtheatre, Gottfried Semper or Theatre: Theatre de Besancon, Ledoux: Paris Opera House (Palais Garnier), Garnier Temple: Pantheon, Rome: Basilica di San Francesco di Paolo (Pantheon), Colonnade: Perrault’s Colonnade, Palais du : Chateaux Maison, Mansart. Church: Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp, : Vierzenheilegen, Neumann Residence: Villa Savoy: Le Corbusier: Farnsworth House, Mies: Villa Capra (Rotunda) Skyscraper: Seagram Building, Mies: Woolworth Building, Gilbert

Monographs

McKim, Mead and White

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Pierpont Morgan Library: University Club

Carrere and Hastings New York Public Library: Frick House/Museum

Warren and Wetmore Grand Central Terminal: Yacht Club

Trumbauer Philadelphia Art Museum: Duke Mansion

Lindeberg

Pope Masonic Lodge, DC: National Gallery, DC

Candela and Carpenter

Bottomley

Delano and Aldrich Knickerbocker Club:

Cret Panamerica Building, DC: Indianapolis Library

Schutze

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