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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 101 629 HI 006 221 AUTHOR Hoong, Yip Yat, Ed. TITLE Roles of Universities in Local and Regional Development in Southeast Asia. INSTITUTION Regional Inst. of Higher Education and Development, Singapore. PUB DATE 73 NOTE 224p.; Proceedings of the workshop held in Penang, December 4-7, 1972 AVAILABLE FROM Regional Institute of Higher Education and Development, c/o University of Singapore, Cluny Road, Singapore 10, Republic of Singapore ($4.75 prepaid) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.76 HC Not Available from EDRS. PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS Community Development; *Economic Development; *Foreign Countries; *Higher Education; *Institutional Role; *Regional Planning; School Community Relationship; Universities; Urban Universities IDENTIFIERS *Southeast Asia ABSTRACT The last two decades have witnessed a sudden upsurge of new institutions of higher learning in countries ofSoutheast Asia, and most of these institutions are located in nonmetropolitan areas. What is the nature and function ofthese metropolitan or regional universities? How do they relate to the metropolitan universities? What role can they play in promoting the regional or subnational development process? How should they interact with the provincial government and the local community in playing this role? How do they relate to their immediate environment? Eachof these questions is answered in the various papers presented at the workshop sponsored'by the Regional Institute of Higher Education and Development. (MJM) ROLES OF UNIVERSITIES IN LOCAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHEAST ASIA Proceedings of the Vorkshop Held in Penang 4 - 7 December 1972 Edited by Yip Yat Hoong U S DEPARTMENT or HEALTH. EDUCATION& WELFARE I V. I4 ; BY MICRO NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHE,ONLY "A, It EDUCATION 7.4.S DOCUMENT HAS BEEN Rf ../Aipi NKED EXACTLY AS RFCF WED r . y_23.1-- rwr PERSON OR OROANitATIONORI(.1N Arlyr, IT POINTS OT VIEW OR OPINIONS .. ..f N .rATF.0 DO NOT NECF SSARIL Y RE PRI '4A, I!.. SFNt ()MOM Ntolowit IN5TIT.ot 01 Mir. A 'ION PO'oTION OR PCH ICY 1 ;I.% .to 0 Regional institute of Higher Educationand Development Singapore lebruary 1973 2,13 Regional Institute of Higher Education and Development, 1973 clo University of Singapore I3ukit l'imah Road Singapore 10 Lithographed by University of Malaya Press CONTENTS Preface ix Welcome Address by Dr. Yip Yat Hoong, Director, RIHED xi Opening Address by His Excellency, Tun Datuk Syed Sheh Alhaj bin Syed Hassan Barakbah, The Governor of Penang xv PART I NATURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE REGIONAL UNIVERSITY 1. Nature and Functions of the Regional University An wars Dilmy 3 2. Nature and Functions of the Regional University Bimala Kalakicha 9 Discussion 13 PART II RELATIONS BETWEEN THE REGIONAL AND THE NATICNAL/ METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY I. Relationship between Pembina and Non-Pembina Institutions koesnadi Ilardjasurnantri 35 2. Relations between the Regional and the National/Metropolitan University Mohamed Su than bin Mishi?? 40 3. Relations between the Regional and the National/Metropolitan University Okas Balankura 45 4. Relations between the Regional and the National/Metropolitan University ton- That Mien 47 Discussion 57 PART III THE UNIVERSITIES AND THEGOVERNMENT 1. The Universities and the Government George E. &guars 73 2. The Universities and the Government:Some Comments on the Experiences of Thailand Vinyu Vichit-lWakan 81 3. The Government and theCollege Curriculum in the Years Ahead Nguyen Van Thuy 88 Discussion 92 PART IV THE REGIONAL UNIVERSITYAND THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT The Role of Provincial Universitiesin Regional Development A. Alai& Ibrahim 11 I 2. The Regional l'niversity and the Provincial Government inVietnam Nguyen- 1,en-lch 116 Discussion 120 PART V THE REGIONAL UNIVERSITY AND ITSENVIRONMENT The Regional Universities in Thailane.and Their Environment Sting() 7 Discussion 144 PART VI REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS: SUMMARY AND COMMENT Review and Comment lett Romm 157 PART VII BACKGROUND PAPERS I. Regional Development in Kalimantan: Research and Training Needs lett Rom; 169 2. TDI's Programme Matrix for Non-Metropolitan/Regional University Develop- ment Louis I. Goodman & Young-whan Hahn 191 3. Korea's Community Development Movement in the 1970's and theRole of Yeungnam University in laegu Ki-Ho Chung 199 Programme of .Workshop 209 List of Participants and Observers 213 PREF AtA fhe lirst two decades has witnessed a sudden upsule of new institutions of higher learning in countries of Southeast Asia, and most of these institutions are located it nonmetropolitan areas. What is tie nature and functions of these non- metropolitan or regional universities? How do they r elate to the metropolitan universities? What role can they play in promoting the regional or sub-national AeNelopment process? How should they interact with the provincial government and the local community inplaying this role? How do they relate to their immediate environment? To answer these and other questions relating to the role Iese new institutions in local and regi anal development of countries in Southeast Asia, the Regional Institute of Higher Education and Development .brought together about thirty participants at a Workshop in Penang in December 1972. th.e participants at this Workshop were senior members of the academic ccmmunit, ane senior i if Mall of development agencies and ministries of educa- tion in the countries of Southeast Asia. In this report of the proceedings of the Workshop, the Editor has included the discuision which followed the presentation of the papers at each session. The editing of these discussions from tape has been a laborious task, but it is hoped that this will present to the reader a fuller picture of the ground covered at the Workshop. February 1973 Yip Yat Hoong 10 v.* WELCOME ADDRESS BY DR. YIP YAT HOONG, DIRECTOR, RIHED Many of the new universities in Southeast Asia have been lout u and developl with the implicit purpose of providing sources of stimulation for regional or sub- national de relopment processes. Others have begun to define their roles in terms of regional issues and interdisciplinary approaches to them. Mindanao St ,te, Xavier and Notre Dame Universities in Mindanao in the Philippines, the prov 'ti- ck' universities of Indonesia, Chiangmai, Khon Kaen and Songkhla Universities in Thailand, and the Science University of Malaysia are examples of institutio, which, whether by programme, concept, intent or circumstance, display dominant interests in regional problems. Two trends seem to underlie the progress of a regional orientation in South- east Asian universities. Ole is the growing academic attraction to interdisciplinary `environmental' perspectives of education, research and development, And the relevance of regional emphasis for implementation of iuch perspectives. Another is the growing governmental belief that national social and economic develop- ment, ifitis to occur beyond major urban centres, requires the decentralized growth of skills, organizational capacities and dewalopment programmes. Itis believed that the merger of academic and governmental interests in regional institu- tions can create viable contexts for coordination batween government develop- ment agencie, universities and local communities. As such, regional universities can provide the arenas for such coordination. Certain common characteristics of regional situations may be observed in Southeast Asia. First, regirns are unique. Each possesses its own natural conditions, economic pri spects, and institutional possibilities. Each is likely to require approaches to development that differ from those applying elsewhere. Second, regional universities are generally young, weak, and relatively flex- ible. Their capacities are limited, but they are responsive to promisi. g innovations. Typically, they are searching for an identity, for dlr.. nature of their regional roles and for the programme possibilities in research and education that these roles would suggest. Third, they are isolated. As organizations, they lack opportunities to share ideas and experiences with others like themselves or to draw upon the resources of established national institutions. Staff members have little access to the stimu- lation of their professional peers. Fourth, government development agencies generally lack regional approaches WELCOME ADDRESS xii to their missiois.If they are legionally oriented, they weak; if they are nationally oriented, they are relatively insensitive to specific regional needs. Fifth. effective modes of interaction between regional universities and govern- ment development agencies and between regiona' universities and the more established national universities have yet to materialize. In part, this is because the parties perceive little benefit arising from interaction. The perception is it- self a symptom of undefined regional concepts and roles. The main purpose of this Workshop 's to provide an opportunity for the sharing of experiences among regional or nun metropolitan universities and govern- ment development agencies facing somewhat similar problems relating to an inter- disciplinary 'environmental' approach to social and economi,: development. It is believed that: (i) Regional programmes will be strengthened as universities at d government development agencies develop mutually beneficial exchanges of information, skills and support appropriate within their regional contexts. (ii) Such exchanges will enhance, on the one hand, the development of capaci- ties in regional or non-metropolitan universities to provide useful regional