ARCTIC VOL. 39,NO. 1 (MARCH 1986) P. 82-84

Spiders (Araneae) from the Alpine Zone of the South and West Flanks of Mt. Wrangell, Alaska (62"N, 144"W) BRUCE CUTLER' and RANSOM SALTMARCH2

(Received 5 March 1984; accepred in revised form 1 May 1985)

ABSTRACT. A series of was collected during a summer season from the alpine zone of Mt. Wrangell, Alaska (62'N, 144"W). Most of the species collected have also been taken from lowland sites in the boreal forest and the Arctic and have extensivein the ranges northern nearctic. Some of these speciesalso occur in the palearctic.The dominant families were the Linyphiidae (Erigoninae and Linyphiinae) and the Lycosidae, the only families represented by more than two species within a family. The other families represented were the Agelenidae, Araneidae, , Salticidae and Thomisidae. A phalangid and trombidiiform mite werealso coHected. Key words: spiders, Mt. Wrangell, alpine zone, Alaska, nearctic and holarctic distribution

RÉSUMÉ. Une quantité d'araignées furent recueillies pendant l'kté dans la zone alpine du mont Wrangell, en Alaska (62"N, 144"O). La plupart des espi?ces trouvéesont aussi été prises dans des sites montagnardsde la forêtbodale et dans l'Arctique et ont une vaste distributiondans le nord des régions néarctiques. Certaines des espi?ces sont aussi trouvées dans le paléarctique. Les familles dominantes furent les Linyphiidés (les Ergonidés et les Linyphiinés) et les Lycosidés. Elles furent les seules familles représentées par plus de deux espi?ces au seind'une même famille. Les autres familles repdsentées furent les Agélénidés, les Aranéi'des, les Dictynidés, les Salticidés et les Thomisidés. Une mite phalangide et trombodiiforme fut aussi recueillie. Mots clés: araignées, mont Wrangell, zone alpine, Alaska, région néarctique, distribution holarctique Traduit pour lejournal par Maurice Guibord.

In view of the enormous ecological and biogeographical impor- TABLE 1. Alpine spiders from Mt. Wrangell tance of the region, it seems unfortunate that we know practi- callyNumber nothing of the high altitude insectsCollection of the Alaskan moun- Taxon tains. [Mani, 1968:393.] Agelenidae Cicurina species, immature male S837 Araneidae INTRODUCTION Aculepeira carbonarioides (Keyserling) S839, 52, 54 Mile the abovequote by Mani refersto insects, it is clear from Hypsosinga groenlandica Simon S826 the thrust of his book that he includedal1 terrestrial Dictynidae Menge S835 within his scope, and the quote is certainly applicable to the Linyphiidae as well. In 1978 one of us (RS) madea solo expedition Erigoninae to study the biology and geology of the southern and western Baryphyma species male S830 flanks of Mt. Wrangell, southeastern Alaska, approximately Ceraticelus crassiceps (O.P. Cambridge) S837 62"N, 144"W. Collections were made between 6 June and 22 Erigone species female s4 July in the alpine zone. In 1980 an additional specimen was Walckenaeria species male S830 procured on a shorter trip to the region. A privately printed Undetermined female, eight immatures S837,40, 57 brochure (Saltmarch, 1978) provides details of the descriptive Linyphiinae biology and geology andof the expedition. The Appendix lists Lepthyphantes alpinus (Emerton) S837 the collecting sites by locality with habitat information. This L. washingtoni Zorsch S826, 30, 35 detailed appendix is necessary for archival reasons, as it is Pityohyphantes species female S837 Lycosidae unlikely that arachnids will be collectedat any time in the near Alopecosa aculeata (Clerck) S826, 30 future inthe area. The alpine zone as used in this paper refersto Pardosa albomaculata Emerton S83 1 regions above the local treeline. Camps were pitched beside P.furcifera (Thorell) S826 flowing water, thusaccounting for biastoward Stream or P. groenlandica (Thorell) S833, 50 riverside collecting sites. P. hyperborea (Thorell) S826, 34 P. palustris (Linnaeus) S830 P. uintana Gertsch S834 METHODS Salticidae Spiders were collectedby handpicking or by sweeping vege- Chalcoscirtus carbonarius Emerton S856 tation. No attempt was made toquantitative, be the goal being to Thomisidae record the species presentat the different sites and in different Xysticus deichmanni Sorensen S83 1

'1747 Eustis Street, St. Paul, Minnesota 55113, U.S.A. '2021 California Avenue (#18), Santa Monica, Califomia 90403,U.S.A. @The Arctic Institute of North America NOTES 83

habitats. Since each site was visited once, no pitfall trapping are recorded, the majority are typically from montane, boreal was attempted. and low arctic locations (Table 2). Only 3 species have not been found in nonmontanesites and are probablystrictly montane. Of DISCUSSION the purely montane species, Aculepeira carbonarioides dwell on boulderfields and clifffaces and Chalcoscirtus carbonarius Table 1 lists the spiders caught by index number to location on talus slopes. These habitats are more typical of montane and habitat. At only threelocalities - S826, S830and S837 - environments. While most of the species fromalpine the zone of were there as many asfive species represented, and at only the Mt. Wrangell occur on lowland sites, together thespecies form a first locality were three families represented. All three sites biota incorporating some species from both the low Arctic and were densely vegetated nearwater. the borealforest, with a few montanespecialists. As can be seen General observations were that lycosids were abundant wher- from Table 2, the ranges of these species tendto be extensive, evervegetation occurred. The orb webs of Aculepeira some being palearcticas well as nearctic. Mani (1968) noted and carbonarioides (Araneidae), which occur in boulder fields and summarized this situation well: on cliff faces, were about 35 cm in diameter. One contained a A fact ofgreat biogeographical andecological importance is that captured cranefly (Tipulidae). The jumpingspider Chalcoscirtus a great many of the species reported from Alaska-Yukon Terri- carbonarius (Salticidae) was abundant on onerock slide where tory are also known from the CanadianRockies, the mountains there were numerous retreats; there were immature specimens in Colorado and Montana, from Labrador and from the Appala- as well as the females taken. chian Region, especiallythe Presidential Range. Many of them Of those 15 speciesfor which reliablegeographic data extend moreover into the region of Beringia and Siberia, and occur also on the Altai Mountains and still others turneven up on the Fennoscandian mountains, in Novaya Zemlya and Green- TABLE 2. Geographicaldistribution of alpinezone spiders from land. [Mani, 1968:393.] Mt. Wrangell' The family distribution is whatone would expect in a north- BorealEastern Western em alpine environment. Undoubtedly pitfall trapping would ArcticForest Montane Montane Green- Old have uncovered other species and genera, and perhaps a few Taxon N. Am. N. Am. N. Am. N. Am. World'land families such as Gnaphosidae and Hahniidae. This would not Araneidae alter the dominant position of the Linyphiidae and Lycosidae. Aculepeira These two families are prominent in the temperate areas of the carbonarioides + + S northern hemisphere (Kaston, 1981) and become predominant Hypsosinga in the boreal, arctic, and montane regions (Gertsch, 1979). groenlandica + + + + I Dictynidae OTHER ARACHNIDS D ictyna majorDictyna + + + + E,S Linyphiidae At sites S837 and S840 a male and immature phalangids of Erigoninae the species Liopilio yukon Cokendolpher were collected. The Ceraticelus range of this species includes the westarctic coast of Alaska and crassiceps + + ~ Walckenaeria the mountains of southeastern Alaska and the southern Yukon Temtory (Cokendolpher, 198 1). Trombidiiformmites were

~ species + I Linyphiinae collected at sites S826 and S837. Undoubtedly mites form a Lepthyphantes common element of the fauna, but they were not specifically alpinus + + + sought in this study. L. washingtoni + + + Lycosidae ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS , Alopecosa aculeata + + + + ES We wish to thank the following specialists for identificationsin the ~ Pardosa following groups: Linyphiidae - Dr. Richard Carter, University of ~ albomaculata + + + Manitoba, Winnipeg; Lycosidae - Dr. Charles Dondale, Biosyste- P.furcifera + +I matics Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa; Opiliones - 1~ P. groenlandica Distributionconfused Dr. James Cokendolpher, Texas Tech University, Lubbock;Dr. Wil- P. hyperborea + + + + +K liam Shear,Hampden-Sydney College, Virginia.These specialists P.palustris + E,I, have retained the specimens they identified. Allother specimens are in ~ S,T the collection ofBruce Cutler. P. uintana + + + +

~ Salticidae APPENDIX Chalcoscirtus carbonarius + Habitatand localities of spider collections by collection number, United Thomisidae States legal description, latitude and longitude, and habitat. Xysticus S826: TlS, R6E, s. 11, NE%; 61"48'N, 144"16'W;975 m el; Cheshnina deichmanni + + + + drainage; 13 June 1978; dwarf Betula and Sulix, grasses by small fake. S830 TlN, R6E, s. 26, SW%, 61"50'N, 144'16'W; 1300 m el; Cheshnina 'Papers used in determining the distributions are: Braendegaard, 1946, 1958; drainage; 9 June 1978; near stream, grasses and dwarf Betula. Chamberlinand Gertsch,1958; Chamberlinand hie, 1947;Dondale and S831: TlN, R6E, s. 27, NE%; 61"50'N, 144'17'W; 1675 m el; Cheshnina I Redner, 1978, 1979;Holm, 1970; Kronestedt, 1975; Levi, 1971,1975, 1977; drainage; 6 June 1978; summit rock and adjacent vegetation. Lowrie and Dondale, 1981; Swann and Robey, 1975; Zorsch, 1937. S833: TIN, R7E, s. 31, SE%; 61"19'N, 144"12'W; 950m el; Cheshnina 'E = Europe, I = Iceland, K = Kola Peninsula,S = Siberia, T = Turkestan. drainage; 17 June 1978; on river bar. 84 NOTES

S834: TIN, R7E, s. 28, SW%; 61"50'N, 144"09'W; 1000 m el; Cheshnina DONDALE, C.D., and REDNER, J.H. 1978. The Insects and Arachnids of drainage; 19 June 1978; lichen covered gravel and sand along river. Canada. Part5. The crab spiders of Canada and Alaska (Araneae: Philodromidae S835: TIN, R7E, s. 27, SW%; 61"50'N, 144'07'W; 1075 m el; Cheshnina and Thomisidae). Ottawa: Department of Agriculture, Research Branch, drainage; 21 June 1978; sparse dwarf Salix, Epilobium, lichens along river. Publication 1663. 255 p. S837: T3N, RSE, s. 28, SW%; 62"01'N,144"30'W; 1150 m el; Dadina -. 1979. Revision of the wolf spider Alopecosa Simon in North drainage; 22 July 1978; Alnus thicket by stream. America (Araneae: Lycosidae). Canadian Entomologist 11 1:1033-1055. S839: T2N, R6E, s. 8, SE%; 61"58'N, 144"20'W;1400 m el; Chetaslina GERTSCH, W.J. 1979. American Spiders. New York: Van Nostrand Rein- drainage; 12 July 1978; unvegetated boulders. hold. 274 p. S840 TlN, R7E, s. 34, NW%; 61"50'N, 144OO7'W; 1525 m el; Cheshnina HOLM,A. 1970. Notes on spiderscollected by the"Vega" expedition. drainage; 20 June 1978; under rock on cliff. Entomologica Scandinavica 1: 188-208. S850 T3N, R5E, s. 28, SW%; 62"01'N, 144"30'W; 1150 m el; Dadina KASTON, B.J. 1981. Spiders of Connecticut. Connecticut State Geological drainage; 20 July 1978; rocky stream bed. and Natural History Survey, Bulletin 70. 1020 p. S852: see S839. KRONESTEDT, T. 1975. Studies on speciesof holarctic Pardosa group S854: see S839. (Araneae, Lycosidae) I. Zoologica Scripta 4:217-228. S856: T3N, R5E, s. 28, NE%;62"01'N, 144O3O'W; 1375 m el; Dadina LEVI, H.W. 1971. The orb-weaver genera Singa and Hypsosinga in America drainage; 20 July 1978; under rocks in rock slide. (Araneae: Araneidae). Psyche 78:229-256. S857: T2N, R5E, s. 34, SE%;61"55'N, 144O27'W; 850 m el; Chetaslina -. 1975. Additional notes on the orb-weavergenera Araneus, Hypsosinga drainage, 5 July 1978; sparse lichens on gravel and silt along river edge. and Singa north of Mexico (Araneae: Araneidae). Psyche 82:265-274. S4: TlN,RlE, s. 5, SE%; 61"54'N, 144"09'W; 1900 m el; Cheshnina -. 1977. The orb-weaver genera Metepeira, and Aculepeira in drainage; 10 July 1980; morainal rocks at glaciermargin. America north of Mexico (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 148:185-238. REFERENCES LOWRIE, D.C., and DONDALE,C.D. 1981. A revision of the nigra group of the genus Pardosa in North America (Araneae, Lycosidae). Bulletin of the BRAENDEGAARD, J. 1946. Thespiders (Araneina) of East Greenland. American Museum of Natural History 170:125-139. Meddelelser om Grflnland 121 : 1 - 128. MI,M.S. 1968. Ecology and Biogeography of High Altitude Insects. The -. 1958. The Zoology of Iceland 54. Araneida. 113 p. Hague: Junk N V Publisher. 527 p. CHAMBERLIN, R.V., andGERTSCH, W.J. 1958. Thespiderfamily Dictyni- SALTMARCH, R. 1978. Mt. Wrangell:Landforms and Lifeforms of Its dae in Americanorth of Mexico. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural Southern and Western Flanks. Privately printed, St. Paul. 25 p. History 116:l-152. SWANN, P.H., and ROBEY, C. 1975. A redescription of the North American CHAMBEFUIN, R.V., and IVIE, W. 1947. The spiders ofAlaska. Bulletin of jumping spider Chalcoscirtus carbonarius Emerton 1917. Bulletin of the the University of Utah 37(10):1-103. British Arachnological Society 3:lOl-104. COKENDOLPHER, J.C. 1981. Theharvestman genus Liopilio Schenkel ZORSCH, H. 1937. The spider genus Lepthyphantes in the United States. (Opiliones: Phalangiidae). Journal of Arachnology 9:309-316. American Midland Naturalist 18:856-898.