A Current Study and Comparison of Realism and Romanticism in Europe . Shreya Thakar .Dr. David Baronov . St. John Fisher College . The Master of Science in International Relations Program . April 20th 2013
Romanticism •Romanticism- a movement which revolted against the aristocracy and previously held conservative beliefs.
Henry Fuseli, The Nightmare, 1781. Realism • Realism- a movement which attempted to depict art truthfully, without exoticism or supernatural elements.
Jean-François Millet, The Potato Harvest, 1855. The Politics of Romanticism
Jacques Louis-David, Napoleon At the Saint-Bernard Pass, 1801 Chronological Order of Power
• Napoleon Bonaparte- House of Bonaparte • Louis XVIII (18th)-House of Bourbon • Charles X (10th) – House of Bourbon • Louis Philippe I –House of Orléans (liberal branch of Bourbon), July Monarchy • The formation of the Second Republic • Bonaparte III- House of Bonaparte Neo-Classicism and Romanticism
Antoine-Jean Gros (Pupil of Jacques Louis-David), Bonaparte Visiting the Plague House at Jaffa, 1804. Neo-Classicism and Romanticism
Jacques-Louis David, Oath of the Horatii, 1785. Romanticism
Jacques-Louis David, Antoine Lavoisier and his wife, 1788. Romanticism
Anne-Louis Girodet (pupil of Jacques Louis-David), The Burial of Atala, 1808. Realism
Gustave Courbet, A Burial at Ornans, 1849. Realism
Gustave Courbet, The Stonebreakers, 1849. Similarities & Differences • Differences: – Romanticism focused on Orientalism & Exoticism – Social Alliance: • Romantics sided with the upper-middle class and aristocracy • Realists sided with the working class • Similarities : – Both Borrowed artistic techniques from previous movements – Both helped to publicize political content through the avenue of art – Both movements relied on a group of peers for approval: • Romantics depended on École des Beaux-Arts (School of Fine Arts) • Realists depended on the approval of The Salon
Romanticism and Naturalism
Casper David Friedrich, Wanderer Above Sea Fog, 1818. Realism and Impressionism
Édouard Manet, A Bar at the Folies-Bergère, 1882. References
• Antal, Friedrich. “Reflections on Classicism and Romanticism.” The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs. 1935 • 66(385):159-168. • Chu, Petra ten-Doesschate. Nineteenth-Century European Art. 2nd Ed. New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2006. • Galligan, Gregory. “The Self Pictured: Manet, the Mirror, and the Occupation of Realist Painting.” The Art Bulletin. • 1998 80(1):138-171. • Hubbard, Guy. “The ‘Isms’ of Art.” Arts and Activities. 2001: 30-32. • Kleiner, Fred and Richard Tansey. Gardener’s Art Through the Ages. 10th ed. Harcourt Brace College Publishers. • 1996. • Goldman, Bernard. “Realist Iconography: Intent and Criticism.” The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism. 1959 • 18(2):183-192. • Havens, George. “Romanticism in France.” Modern Language Association. 1940 55(1):10-20. • Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. 3rd ed. New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2008.