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University of Oklahoma Graduate College
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE POTENTIAL FIELD STUDIES OF THE CENTRAL SAN LUIS BASIN AND SAN JUAN MOUNTAINS, COLORADO AND NEW MEXICO, AND SOUTHERN AND WESTERN AFGHANISTAN A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By BENJAMIN JOHN DRENTH Norman, Oklahoma 2009 POTENTIAL FIELD STUDIES OF THE CENTRAL SAN LUIS BASIN AND SAN JUAN MOUNTAINS, COLORADO AND NEW MEXICO, AND SOUTHERN AND WESTERN AFGHANISTAN A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE CONOCOPHILLIPS SCHOOL OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS BY _______________________________ Dr. G. Randy Keller, Chair _______________________________ Dr. V.J.S. Grauch _______________________________ Dr. Carol Finn _______________________________ Dr. R. Douglas Elmore _______________________________ Dr. Ze’ev Reches _______________________________ Dr. Carl Sondergeld © Copyright by BENJAMIN JOHN DRENTH 2009 All Rights Reserved. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..……1 Chapter A: Geophysical Constraints on Rio Grande Rift Structure in the Central San Luis Basin, Colorado and New Mexico………………………………………………………...2 Chapter B: A Geophysical Study of the San Juan Mountains Batholith, southwestern Colorado………………………………………………………………………………….61 Chapter C: Geophysical Expression of Intrusions and Tectonic Blocks of Southern and Western Afghanistan…………………………………………………………………....110 Conclusions……………………………………………………………………………..154 iv LIST OF TABLES Chapter A: Geophysical Constraints on Rio Grande Rift Structure in the Central -
APPENDIX A20 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM April 2020 by David Evans and Associates
APPENDIX A20 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM Environmental Assessment and Section 4(f) Evaluation APPENDIX A20 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM April 2020 By David Evans and Associates INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND The I-70 West Vail Pass Auxiliary Lanes project is located in Eagle and Summit Counties, with the eastern terminus just east of the Vail Pass Rest Area and the western terminus in the Town of Vail. The project study limits include eastbound (EB) and westbound (WB) I-70 from mile post (MP) 179.5 to MP 191.5. The project location and approximate study area are shown in Figure 1 . As part of the initial National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) analysis, a Tier 1 Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the I-70 Mountain Corridor (C-470 to Glenwood Springs) was completed in 2011. This EIS, the I-70 Mountain Corridor Programmatic Final Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS), recommended the addition of auxiliary lanes EB and WB on the west side of Vail Pass from MP 180 to MP 190 as part of the Preferred Alternative’s Minimum Program of Improvements. The PEIS also identified the potential for an elevated Advanced Guideway System (AGS) for transit along the I-70 corridor, including the West Vail Pass project corridor. A follow-up AGS Feasibility Study in 2014 analyzed potential alignments and costs for an AGS system and determined there were three feasible alignments for future AGS. While AGS is not part of the West Vail Pass Auxiliary Lanes project, the AGS Feasibility Study was used to ensure the project did not preclude the favored alignment of the three, which would be partially within CDOT right-of-way (ROW). -
Historical Range of Variability and Current Landscape Condition Analysis: South Central Highlands Section, Southwestern Colorado & Northwestern New Mexico
Historical Range of Variability and Current Landscape Condition Analysis: South Central Highlands Section, Southwestern Colorado & Northwestern New Mexico William H. Romme, M. Lisa Floyd, David Hanna with contributions by Elisabeth J. Bartlett, Michele Crist, Dan Green, Henri D. Grissino-Mayer, J. Page Lindsey, Kevin McGarigal, & Jeffery S.Redders Produced by the Colorado Forest Restoration Institute at Colorado State University, and Region 2 of the U.S. Forest Service May 12, 2009 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY … p 5 AUTHORS’ AFFILIATIONS … p 16 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS … p 16 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION A. Objectives and Organization of This Report … p 17 B. Overview of Physical Geography and Vegetation … p 19 C. Climate Variability in Space and Time … p 21 1. Geographic Patterns in Climate 2. Long-Term Variability in Climate D. Reference Conditions: Concept and Application … p 25 1. Historical Range of Variability (HRV) Concept 2. The Reference Period for this Analysis 3. Human Residents and Influences during the Reference Period E. Overview of Integrated Ecosystem Management … p 30 F. Literature Cited … p 34 CHAPTER II. PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS A. Vegetation Structure and Composition … p 39 B. Reference Conditions … p 40 1. Reference Period Fire Regimes 2. Other agents of disturbance 3. Pre-1870 stand structures C. Legacies of Euro-American Settlement and Current Conditions … p 67 1. Logging (“High-Grading”) in the Late 1800s and Early 1900s 2. Excessive Livestock Grazing in the Late 1800s and Early 1900s 3. Fire Exclusion Since the Late 1800s 4. Interactions: Logging, Grazing, Fire, Climate, and the Forests of Today D. Summary … p 83 E. Literature Cited … p 84 CHAPTER III. -
Colorado Fourteeners Checklist
Colorado Fourteeners Checklist Rank Mountain Peak Mountain Range Elevation Date Climbed 1 Mount Elbert Sawatch Range 14,440 ft 2 Mount Massive Sawatch Range 14,428 ft 3 Mount Harvard Sawatch Range 14,421 ft 4 Blanca Peak Sangre de Cristo Range 14,351 ft 5 La Plata Peak Sawatch Range 14,343 ft 6 Uncompahgre Peak San Juan Mountains 14,321 ft 7 Crestone Peak Sangre de Cristo Range 14,300 ft 8 Mount Lincoln Mosquito Range 14,293 ft 9 Castle Peak Elk Mountains 14,279 ft 10 Grays Peak Front Range 14,278 ft 11 Mount Antero Sawatch Range 14,276 ft 12 Torreys Peak Front Range 14,275 ft 13 Quandary Peak Mosquito Range 14,271 ft 14 Mount Evans Front Range 14,271 ft 15 Longs Peak Front Range 14,259 ft 16 Mount Wilson San Miguel Mountains 14,252 ft 17 Mount Shavano Sawatch Range 14,231 ft 18 Mount Princeton Sawatch Range 14,204 ft 19 Mount Belford Sawatch Range 14,203 ft 20 Crestone Needle Sangre de Cristo Range 14,203 ft 21 Mount Yale Sawatch Range 14,200 ft 22 Mount Bross Mosquito Range 14,178 ft 23 Kit Carson Mountain Sangre de Cristo Range 14,171 ft 24 Maroon Peak Elk Mountains 14,163 ft 25 Tabeguache Peak Sawatch Range 14,162 ft 26 Mount Oxford Collegiate Peaks 14,160 ft 27 Mount Sneffels Sneffels Range 14,158 ft 28 Mount Democrat Mosquito Range 14,155 ft 29 Capitol Peak Elk Mountains 14,137 ft 30 Pikes Peak Front Range 14,115 ft 31 Snowmass Mountain Elk Mountains 14,099 ft 32 Windom Peak Needle Mountains 14,093 ft 33 Mount Eolus San Juan Mountains 14,090 ft 34 Challenger Point Sangre de Cristo Range 14,087 ft 35 Mount Columbia Sawatch Range -
Late Pleistocene Glacial Equilibrium-Line Altitudes in the Colorado Front Range: a Comparison of Methods
QUATERNARY RESEARCH l&289-310 (1982) Late Pleistocene Glacial Equilibrium-Line Altitudes in the Colorado Front Range: A Comparison of Methods THOMAS C. MEIERDING Department of Geography and Center For Climatic Research, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711 Received July 6, 1982 Six methods for approximating late Pleistocene (Pinedale) equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) are compared for rapidity of data collection and error (RMSE) from first-order trend surfaces, using the Colorado Front Range. Trend surfaces computed from rapidly applied techniques, such as glacia- tion threshold, median altitude of small reconstructed glaciers, and altitude of lowest cirque floors have relatively high RMSEs @I- 186 m) because they are subjectively derived and are based on small glaciers sensitive to microclimatic variability. Surfaces computed for accumulation-area ratios (AARs) and toe-to-headwall altitude ratios (THARs) of large reconstructed glaciers show that an AAR of 0.65 and a THAR of 0.40 have the lowest RMSEs (about 80 m) and provide the same mean ELA estimate (about 3160 m) as that of the more subjectively derived maximum altitudes of Pinedale lateral moraines (RMSE = 149 m). Second-order trend surfaces demonstrate low ELAs in the latitudinal center of the Front Range, perhaps due to higher winter accumulation there. The mountains do not presently reach the ELA for large glaciers, and small Front Range cirque glaciers are not comparable to small glaciers existing during Pinedale time. Therefore, Pleistocene ELA depression and consequent temperature depression cannot reliably be ascertained from the calcu- lated ELA surfaces. INTRODUCTION existed in alpine regions (Charlesworth, Glacial equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) 1957; ostrem, 1966; Flint, 1971; Andrews, have been widely used to infer present and 1975). -
Geochronology Database for Central Colorado
Geochronology Database for Central Colorado Data Series 489 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Geochronology Database for Central Colorado By T.L. Klein, K.V. Evans, and E.H. DeWitt Data Series 489 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2010 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: T.L. Klein, K.V. Evans, and E.H. DeWitt, 2009, Geochronology database for central Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 489, 13 p. iii Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1 -
Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forests DRAFT Wilderness Evaluation Report August 2018
United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forests DRAFT Wilderness Evaluation Report August 2018 Designated in the original Wilderness Act of 1964, the Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness covers more than 183,000 acres spanning the Gunnison and White River National Forests. In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. -
Data Set Listing (May 1997)
USDA Forest Service Air Resource Monitoring System Existing Data Set Listing (May 1997) Air Resource Monitoring System (ARMS) Data Set Listing May 1997 Contact Steve Boutcher USDA Forest Service National Air Program Information Manager Portland, OR (503) 808-2960 2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 DATA SET DESCRIPTIONS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 National & Multi-Regional Data Sets EPA’S EASTERN LAKES SURVEY ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 EPA’S NATIONAL STREAM SURVEY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 EPA WESTERN LAKES SURVEY------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 FOREST HEALTH MONITORING (FHM) LICHEN MONITORING-------------------------------------------------14 FOREST HEALTH MONITORING (FHM) OZONE BIOINDICATOR PLANTS ----------------------------------15 IMPROVE AEROSOL MONITORING--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 IMPROVE NEPHELOMETER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 IMPROVE TRANSMISSOMETER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18 NATIONAL ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION PROGRAM/ NATIONAL TRENDS NETWORK----------------19 NATIONAL -
Summits on the Air – ARM for USA - Colorado (WØC)
Summits on the Air – ARM for USA - Colorado (WØC) Summits on the Air USA - Colorado (WØC) Association Reference Manual Document Reference S46.1 Issue number 3.2 Date of issue 15-June-2021 Participation start date 01-May-2010 Authorised Date: 15-June-2021 obo SOTA Management Team Association Manager Matt Schnizer KØMOS Summits-on-the-Air an original concept by G3WGV and developed with G3CWI Notice “Summits on the Air” SOTA and the SOTA logo are trademarks of the Programme. This document is copyright of the Programme. All other trademarks and copyrights referenced herein are acknowledged. Page 1 of 11 Document S46.1 V3.2 Summits on the Air – ARM for USA - Colorado (WØC) Change Control Date Version Details 01-May-10 1.0 First formal issue of this document 01-Aug-11 2.0 Updated Version including all qualified CO Peaks, North Dakota, and South Dakota Peaks 01-Dec-11 2.1 Corrections to document for consistency between sections. 31-Mar-14 2.2 Convert WØ to WØC for Colorado only Association. Remove South Dakota and North Dakota Regions. Minor grammatical changes. Clarification of SOTA Rule 3.7.3 “Final Access”. Matt Schnizer K0MOS becomes the new W0C Association Manager. 04/30/16 2.3 Updated Disclaimer Updated 2.0 Program Derivation: Changed prominence from 500 ft to 150m (492 ft) Updated 3.0 General information: Added valid FCC license Corrected conversion factor (ft to m) and recalculated all summits 1-Apr-2017 3.0 Acquired new Summit List from ListsofJohn.com: 64 new summits (37 for P500 ft to P150 m change and 27 new) and 3 deletes due to prom corrections. -
Geophysical Study of the San Juan Mountains Batholith Complex, Southwestern Colorado
Geophysical study of the San Juan Mountains batholith complex, southwestern Colorado Benjamin J. Drenth1,*, G. Randy Keller1, and Ren A. Thompson2 1ConocoPhillips School of Geology and Geophysics, 100 E. Boyd Street, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA 2U.S. Geological Survey, MS 980, Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA ABSTRACT contrast of the complex. Models show that coincident with the San Juan Mountains (Fig. 3). the thickness of the batholith complex var- This anomaly has been interpreted as the mani- One of the largest and most pronounced ies laterally to a signifi cant degree, with the festation of a low-density, upper crustal granitic gravity lows over North America is over the greatest thickness (~20 km) under the west- batholith complex that represents the plutonic rugged San Juan Mountains of southwest- ern SJVF, and lesser thicknesses (<10 km) roots of the SJVF (Plouff and Pakiser , 1972). ern Colorado (USA). The mountain range is under the eastern SJVF. The largest group of Whereas this interpretation remains essentially coincident with the San Juan volcanic fi eld nested calderas on the surface of the SJVF, unchallenged, new gravity data processing tech- (SJVF), the largest erosional remnant of a the central caldera cluster, is not correlated niques, digital elevation data, and constraints widespread mid-Cenozoic volcanic fi eld that with the thickest part of the batholith com- from seismic refraction studies (Prodehl and spanned much of the southern Rocky Moun- plex. This result is consistent with petrologic Pakiser , 1980) enable reassessment and improve- tains. A buried, low-density silicic batholith interpretations from recent studies that the ment of the previous model. -
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Historic Mining Resources of San Juan County, Colorado______Name of Multiple Property Listing State ______
Historic Mining Resources of San Juan County, Colorado_________________ Name of Multiple Property Listing State _____________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents for Written Narrative Provide the following information on continuation sheets. Cite the letter and title before each section of the narrative. Assign page numbers according to the instructions for continuation sheet in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Fill in page numbers for each section in the space below. PAGE NUMBERS SUBJECT TO CHANGE E 1 Statement of Historic Contexts………………………………………………………...….1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………….….…..1 The Physical Environment of San Juan County………………………………….….….…....2 San Juan County’s Mining Districts………………..………………………...………...…….5 Las Animas Mining District…………………………………………………..……...5 Eureka Mining District…………………………………………….….…………..…6 Cement Creek Sub-District……………………………………...………….………6 Mineral Creek Mining District………………………………………...…………….7 Ice Lake Mining District……………………………………………………...……..7 Mineral Point Mining District…………………………….………………...……….7 Poughkeepsie Mining District………………………………………………...…….7 Bear Creek Mining District…………………………………………….………...…8 E 1 The History of Mining in San Juan County………………………………………...….…8 The Gold Rush, 1860 – 1861……………………………………………..……….8 Return to the San Juans, 1870-1874 ……………………………………………12 Settlement and Establishment of Industry, 1875-1881 ………………………….29 The Early 1880s Boom, 1882-1885 ..…………………………………………...53