Evaluation of Laboratory Compaction Procedures for Specification Of

Technical Report Documentation Page

1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA/TX-02/1874-1 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date EVALUATION OF LABORATORY COMPACTION PROCEDURES JANUARY 2001 FOR SPECIFICATION OF DENSITIES FOR COMPACTING FINE SANDS 7. Author(s) 6. Performing Organization Code Brad J. Arcement and Stephen G. Wright 8. Performing Organization Report No. Research Report 1874-1F 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Center for Transportation Research The University of Texas at Austin 11. Contract or Grant No. 3208 Red River, Suite 200 0-1874 Austin, TX 78705-2650 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Texas Department of Transportation Research Report (9/1999-7/2001) Research and Technology Implementation Office P.O. Box 5080 Austin, TX 78763-5080 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes Project conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the Texas Department of Transportation.

16. Abstract TxDOT utilizes a number of sources of cohesionless soils as fill materials for embankment construction and as backfill for mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls. Some problems have been experienced with these materials in the past, especially with settlements of backfills behind retaining walls. The objective of this project was to develop recommendations for compaction of cohesionless soils used as backfill materials. Emphasis was placed on uniform fine sands, which are used throughout a broad area of the State as fill materials. Fourteen cohesionless soils from around Texas were selected for laboratory testing. The majority of these soils were classified as uniform fine sands and silty sands. The selected soils were compacted using the following compaction procedures:

S TxDOT's Tx 113-E – Laboratory Compaction Characteristics and Moisture-Density Relationship of Base Materials S ASTM D 1557 – Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort S British Standard BS-1377 – Vibrating Hammer Method S ASTM D 4253 – Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table Based on the results of these tests as well as additional tests to measure the compressibility of the soil, recommendations were made for compaction. For uniform fine sands like those tested in this study it is recommended that they be compacted to 95 percent of the Modified proctor (ASTM D 1557) maximum dry unit weight for application where settlements are important to performance. It is also recommended that sufficient moisture be added to minimize settlements; compaction too dry can still result in excessive settlement even when the soil is compacted to the stated density. Alternative compaction recommendations are also presented based on TxDOT's Tx 113-E compaction procedure. However, this procedure is judged to be much more complex and less desirable than the ASTM D 1557 procedure.

17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Compaction, Soils, Embankment, Density No restrictions. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. 19. Security Classif. (of report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 174

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