DOCSLIB.ORG

The Kara Mandarin Tangerine-Type, Late Spring Fruit of Excellent Eating Quality Is Promising

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Kara Mandarin Tangerine-Type, Late Spring Fruit of Excellent Eating Quality Is Promising The Kara Mandarin tangerine-type, late spring fruit of excellent eating quality is promising James W. Cameron and Robert K. Soost The Kara mandarin is a tangerine-type erably larger than the Dancy and Clemen- citrus fruit, which was first described in tine tangerines when grown in the same 1935. Its parents were the Satsuma man- location. The Kara is moderately seedy, darin and the King-probably a tangor. but scarcely more so than the Dancy and Because of its high quality, additional Clementine. Early in its season it is rather the Kara mandarin, as grown at Riverside. studies were made in 1952 on the be- high in acid but it is also high in solids About natural size. havior of the Kara. which are usually maintained over a rela- The fruit of the Kara is rich and of tively long period-three to four months pleasant flavor with an attractive, deep- at Riverside. Kara throughout the season. The lowest orange pulp color. At Riverside it is usu- Between 1930 and 1932,12 Kara trees, value, l33%, was from a tree on Rough ally edible from about March 1 to late one or more on each of several rootstocks, lemon stock. The acid percentage was still June, its season extending somewhat be- were planted at the Citrus Experiment high-about 2%-in the assays made on yond that of the Washington Navel. It Station. At about the same time a few February 13, but it was generally satis- peels well, is usable by segments, and until trees were set in co-operative planting factory at the later dates. The high value after its midseason is satisfactory for in the Coachella Valley near Indio and of 1.71% shown for the March 31 sam- juicing. In April or May it begins to be- a few were planted in Tulare County near pling occurred from only one tree. This come puffy but is excellent for eating out Porterville and in Kern County near fruit sample also had 16.3% soluble of hand. The fruit is not inclined to gran- Delano. Data taken from time to time solids so that the so1ids:acid ratio was ulate and at Riverside adheres well to have indicated promise for the Kara at still 9.5:l. the tree. The rind color is a deep orange- Riverside and to some extent at Indio. At the Indio location the assays made yellow. The rind is more brittle than that The behavior of the variety in other areas on February 28 showed high juice con- of oranges and the fruit requires care in is still uncertain. tent, high solids, and an acid percentage handling and shipping. Juice analyses made in 1952 of fruit which gave about a 1O:l ratio. In some In recent small-scalemarketing tests at from trees of the 1930-1932 plantinge years the acid is considerably lower in Los Angeles and New York, Kara fruit together with one assay from two 7-year- the Coachella Valley by this date, but the was sold at 104 to 256 per pound, whole- old trees near Piru, in Ventura County- Kara is definitely a late season fruit in sale. Only a small quantity of the fruit are summarized in the table on this page. that area and is not ready for use at which brought these prices was available For the analyses from the Riverside plant- Christmas. Its season there is rather short at the auctions; the market might not ing one tree on each of seven rootstocks and can be affected by a browning of the support such prices on large shipments. was included during the main season. stem end, which causes drop. When However, there is growing interest in Some variability was found in the juice grown in full sun the tree is more vigor- dessert types of citrus fruit for the late percentages of fruit from the Riverside ous and the fruit sweetens earlier than spring months, and the Kara-in the trees on any one date. This variability in the shade of date groves. Riverside area-is at its best when such was at least partly because of rootstock. At Delano, Porterville, and Piru the types are no longer in season in the com- As expected, there was a decrease in juice assays showed high solids, moderate to petitive regions. percentage at the end of the season, in low juice content, and rather high acid The Kara fruit is smaller than the June and July. The analyses show char- on the dates of sampling. Tree vigor was Washington Navel orange but is consid- acteristically high soluble solids for the good in all three locations. Yield and fruit size of the Kara were very good at Riverside in 1952. Yields Fruit Characters of the Kara Mandarin, 1952 Season of 12 trees ranged from 110 pounds to Range OP 341 pounds, with an average of 235 Location Date No. of trees1 % % % pounds. The low yield of 110 pounds was iuice solids acid from a tree in its off-bearing year, and Riverside Feb. 13 2 44.544.7 16.0-1 7.0 2.0 1-2.02 with a rather small top volume. Fruit Mar. 31 7 39.545.1 14.2-1 6.5 1.28-1.71 size, based on counts of several hundred Apr. 30 7 38.047.3 14.0-1 6.1 1.09-1 -29 fruits from each of seven trees, averaged June 3 7 36.642.6 13.3-1 5.3 0.95-1.14 0.24 pound per fruit with a considerable July 8 2 34.4-39.8 13.8-1 5.0 0.91-0.92 range of smaller and larger sizes. The lndio Feb. 28 2 46.748.3 15.8-1 5.9 1.50-1.60 average size at Riverside over a period of several years is not as large-O.19 Delano Mar. 5 1 37.7 14.2 1.74 pound per fruit. Porterville Mar. 5 1 38.8 17.0 2.16 At Indio the fruit size is much larger. Piru Apr. 19 2 44.3 16.2 1.65 The average of nine samples obtained be- (mixed) tween 194.6 and 1952 from trees with medium or heavy crops was 0.37 pound trees were from 18 to 27 years of age except at Piru, 7 years. Rootstocks varied; some are dis- cussed in text. per fruit. The Kara is more nearly annual * One sample from each tree was assayed on each date. Usual sample sir0 was 20 fruits. Concluded on page 14 4 CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURE, JULY, 1953 AVOCADO The observations obtained during these In the group dormant 20 months, only studies, to the effect that Guatemalan two plants-out of 18-failed to grow. Continued from page 3 stocks are far more susceptible to what- New shoot growth was rapid. The aver- heim, Dickinson, Itzamna, Nabal, Hass, ever soil condition causes chlorosis, are age length of eight shoots of the group Challenge, and Taft-and 45 on six Mexi- limited in scope. Perhaps, as the root sys- dormant 20 months measured 1/2” on the can varieties-Ganter, Topa Topa, Duke, tems expand, trees now considered recov- fourth day, l%’ron the fifth, 1%’’ on Northrop, Mexicola, and Blake. Two trees ered may again become chlorotic or the sixth, and 2,/rr on the seventh day are on Waldin, a West Indian variety hitherto normal trees on both types of after watering was resumed. Seven days from Florida. As in the first plot, all stocks may show the disease. after the first watering, vigorous plants Guatemalan seeds were of mixed origin, Whether the occurrence of chlorotic averaged 27 green shoots per plant. but seeds of the Mexican, except Ganter, and normal trees in some cases only about The greenhouse studies demonstrate came from single trees. The trees were 20’ apart and on the same rootstock va- that the initiation of summer dormancy propagated in the Subtropical Horticul- riety, is due to soil variation or genetic in pine bluegrass is associated with long ture Nursery at the University of Califor- differences in the rootstock seedlings is day-length and high temperatures. nia, Los Angeles. This nursery also fur- an open question. All that can be said Growth resumption, after extended nished trees for three additional plots. at present is that none of the 10 Guate- periods of dormancy, was obtained when In June, 1950, one year after planting, malan rootstock varieties used in the two the plants were subjected to relative cool- 7870-43 trees-of the trees on Guate- severely affected rootstock plots is im- ness and were watered. These conditions malan stocks showed chlorosis in varying mune. The number of trees on these stocks parallel those which normally prevail in degrees. Only one tree on Mexican stock varied from three to 18. This, and the the field when the plant enters and breaks was affected, but it soon recovered. The fact that in one plot 14 trees on a certain dormancy. two trees on West Indian stock remained variety showed 43% chlorosis and in the Horton M. Laude is Associate Professor of normal. As of September, 1951, a little other, eight trees on the same variety Agronomy, University of California, Davis. over a year after the disease appeared, showed loo%, stress the necessity for The above progress report is based on Re- 56%-24 trees-of the chlorotic trees more extensive information for valid search Project No. 1194A. were recovered or nearly so and 44%- comparison.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reaction of Tangerines Genotypes to Elsinoe Fawcettiiunder
    Reaction of tangerines genotypes to Elsinoe fawcettii under natural infection conditions Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 11: 77-81, 2011 Brazilian Society of Plant Breeding. Printed in Brazil Reaction of tangerines genotypes to Elsinoe fawcettii under natural infection conditions Marcelo Claro de Souza1*, Eduardo Sanches Stuchi2 and Antonio de Goes3 Received 11 February 2010 Accepted 30 September 2010 ABSTRACT - A citrus scab disease, caused by Elsinoe fawcettii, is currently found in all citrus areas throughout Brazil. That being, given the importance of this casual agent, the behavior of tangerines and hybrids influenced by this pathogen was evaluated under natural infection conditions. This study was performed with plants around 15 years old without irrigation; 100 fruits of three plants were collected during harvest season, using a grade scale varying from 0 (absence of symptoms) to 6 (severe symptoms) the level of disease severity was determined. Among the cultivars, citrus scab resistance was observed in Citrus deliciosa, C. tangerina, C. nobilis; a mandarin hybrid (C. nobilis x C. deliciosa) and a satsuma hybrid (C. unshiu x C. sinensis). Among the other genotypes, symptoms were observed with levels of severity ranging from 1 to 3, indicating moderate resistance. Key words: Citrus scab, citrus crop, resistant varieties. INTRODUCTION In Brazil, E. fawcettii is responsible for citrus scab. The disease is widespread in many humid, citrus-cultivating In many citrus production areas around the world, areas around the world and decreases fruit values on the Elsinoe fawcettii is one of the main fungi diseases found. fresh-fruit market (Feichtenberger et al. 1986). In young It attacks a wide variety of citrus species and cultivars, plants or under severe infection, it may cause significant resulting in scab disease on leaves, twigs, and fruits (Timmer fruit drop.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 1
    Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 Lecture 32 Citrus Citrus: Citrus spp., Rutaceae Citrus are subtropical, evergreen plants originating in southeast Asia and the Malay archipelago but the precise origins are obscure. There are about 1600 species in the subfamily Aurantioideae. The tribe Citreae has 13 genera, most of which are graft and cross compatible with the genus Citrus. There are some tropical species (pomelo). All Citrus combined are the most important fruit crop next to grape. 1 Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 The common features are a superior ovary on a raised disc, transparent (pellucid) dots on leaves, and the presence of aromatic oils in leaves and fruits. Citrus has increased in importance in the United States with the development of frozen concentrate which is much superior to canned citrus juice. Per-capita consumption in the US is extremely high. Citrus mitis (calamondin), a miniature orange, is widely grown as an ornamental house pot plant. History Citrus is first mentioned in Chinese literature in 2200 BCE. First citrus in Europe seems to have been the citron, a fruit which has religious significance in Jewish festivals. Mentioned in 310 BCE by Theophrastus. Lemons and limes and sour orange may have been mutations of the citron. The Romans grew sour orange and lemons in 50–100 CE; the first mention of sweet orange in Europe was made in 1400. Columbus brought citrus on his second voyage in 1493 and the first plantation started in Haiti. In 1565 the first citrus was brought to the US in Saint Augustine. 2 Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 Taxonomy Citrus classification based on morphology of mature fruit (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Citrus Fruits 2020 Summary (August 2020) 3 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
    United States Department of Citrus Fruits Agriculture National 2020 Summary Agricultural Statistics Service August 2020 ISSN: 1948-9048 Contents Utilized Citrus Production – United States Chart ................................................................................................................... 6 Citrus Value of Production – United States Chart .................................................................................................................. 6 Citrus Narrative ....................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Citrus Acreage, Production, Utilization, and Value – States and United States: 2017-2018, 2018-2019, and 2019-2020 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 8 Citrus Acreage, Production, Utilization, and Value by Crop – United States: 2017-2018, 2018-2019, and 2019-2020 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Orange Acreage, Yield, Utilization, Price, and Value by Type – States and United States: 2017-2018, 2018-2019, and 2019-2020 ................................................................................................................................................... 10 Bearing Acres of Oranges – United States Chart .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Easton Area HS Instrumental Music Program Fruit Sale
    Easton Area HS Instrumental Music Program Fruit Sale To order online with a credit card visit http://FreshFruitOrder.org/EAHSmusic “The Healthy Choice for Fundraising” CALIFORNIA NAVEL ORANGES Item #1 Item #2 Seedless, flavorful, uniform in appearance with a slightly thicker skin $46.00 Per 4/5 BU $29.00 Per 2/5 BU and easy to peel. Their size is somewhat smaller than Florida Navels. 72 or 88 per box (38-40 lbs.) 36 or 44 Per Box (18-20 lbs.) Count may vary according to fruit size. All fruit sold by Weight. JUICE ORANGES Item #3 Item #4 Thin skinned for easy squeezing or hand eating. $46.00 Per 4/5 BU $29.00 Per 2/5 BU 64-125 Per Box (38-40 lbs.) 32-65 Per Box (18-20 lbs.) Count may vary according to fruit size. All fruit sold by Weight. TANGELOS Item #5 Item #6 Medium size, oval shape. $46.00 Per 4/5 BU $29.00 Per 2/5 BU A Tangerine-Grapefruit Hybrid. 64-125 Per Box (38-40 lbs.) 32-65 Per Box (18-20 lbs.) Count may vary according to fruit size. All fruit sold by Weight. RED GRAPEFRUIT Item #7 Item #8 Yellow peel with areas of pink to red blush. $46.00 Per 4/5 BU $29.00 Per 2/5 BU Segments have pink to reddish tinge. Few seeds. 27-48 Per Box (38-40 lbs.) 14-24 Per Box (18-20 lbs.) Count may vary according to fruit size. All fruit sold by Weight. NAVEL/GRAPEFRUIT MIX BOX Item #9 Big Seller for Small Families! $36.00 Per 2/5 BU California Navel Oranges & Grapefruit (10-20 Navels, 8-12 Grapefruit).
    [Show full text]
  • A Mandarin by Any Other Name
    A mandarin by any other name Page 1 a Mandarin Publication Number 31-111 By Any Other Name (published Dec.2004) Author: Cindy Fake, Horticulture and Small Farms Advisor, Placer and Nevada Counties A mandarin by any other name technically correct. Interestingly, 2. Mediterranean mandarins, would taste as sweet, but what is DNA technology has revealed called “Willowleaf” mandarin it? In Japanese, mandarin is that the common or sweet orange because of its small narrow mikan; in India; it is the suntara. is probably a hybrid of a leaves In French and German, it is pummelo, a large, thick-skinned mandarine; in Italian, mandarino, citrus, and a mandarin. So, even 3. King mandarins, a small Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, your orange is part mandarin! group of mandarins of Indo- and Bulgarian all use mandarina; China, important primarily as but to many Americans, mandarin Where did tangerine come from? parents of commercial is an unfamiliar term. Mandarins were first imported varieties such as Kinnow and from China into the Encore There is a lot of confusion about Mediterranean region through the mandarins and tangerines. Some port of Tangiers, hence the name 4. Common people say that if the skin is tangerine. However, to quote one mandarins, a reddish-orange and it has seeds, citrus expert, Lance Walheim, diverse group it is a tangerine, and that only “The name tangerine has no that includes Satsumas are mandarins. Others botanical standing; rather it numerous think all of them are tangerines. appears to have developed as a hybrids and many of what Part of the confusion is because marketing term for bright colored some would call tangerines; mandarins make up the largest (reddish-orange) varieties of the Clementines, Dancy, and most varied group of citrus.
    [Show full text]
  • Riding the Citrus Trail: When Is a Mandarin a Tangerine?
    PERFUMER&FLAVORIST Riding the Citrus Trail: When is a Mandarin a Tangerine? by Daemmon Reeve, RC Treatt, and David Arthur, Florida Treatt In the second installment of articles looking at the origins is one element responsible for the confusion between and development of fruits and their flavoring derivatives, tangerine and mandarin. However, in the flavor and fra- Daemmon Reeve and David Arthur investigate mandarins grance industry, critical differences exist between the and tangerines. varieties both in terms of juice and essential oil. Today, there are literally hundreds of commercially recog- Terminology nized varieties of mandarin and tangerine in existence worldwide. There is much confusion surrounding the dif- The situation is further confused by the conflicting termi- ference between these products, and often the names are nology, which makes it even harder to come to grips with used interchangeably. Here, the differences between fruit varieties. And this is an we outline the key types and international issue. The discuss some of the many es- Ponkan mandarin, for ex- sential oils derived from man- ample, is the most common darins and tangerines. mandarin in Brazil, although it is often known as Cravo tangerine there. In China, the Back to Basics word “kan” is used to describe Mandarins: The mandarin, the larger, sweeter mandarins, Citrus reticulata, Rutaceae, is while “chü” is used for smaller the largest and most varied mandarins — both sweet and group of edible citrus. World- sour varieties. To overcome wide mandarin production is this problem in the United currently estimated to be in States, many people have be- the range of 10-13 million tons.
    [Show full text]
  • Tangerine Citrus Reticulata 15 Ml PRODUCT INFORMATION PAGE
    Tangerine Citrus reticulata 15 mL PRODUCT INFORMATION PAGE PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Tangerine has a long history of use in Chinese culture and herbal health practices. The essential oil supports healthy digestion and metabolism when used internally.* Tangerine has a sweet, tangy aroma, similar to other citrus oils, that is uplifting. Tangerine is known for its cleansing properties, and for supporting a healthy immune and respiratory system when ingested.* A popular and flavorful addition to desserts and drinks—from water to fruit smoothies— Tangerine can be used in any recipe calling for citrus fruits. USES • Place one to two drops in the palm of your hand, rub together, and cup over the nose and mouth for 30 seconds or diffuse throughout the room. • Apply to flex points or abdomen. • Add one to two drops as a flavoring in cake and Application: A T I N cookie recipes. Plant Part: Peel/Rind • Add one to two drops in water, smoothies, teas, or Extraction Method: Cold pressed lemonade for flavoring. Aromatic Description: Tangy, sweet, fresh Main Chemical Components: Limonene DIRECTIONS FOR USE Diffusion: Use three to four drops in the diffuser of choice. PRIMARY BENEFITS Internal use: Dilute one drop in four fluid ounces of liquid. Topical use: Apply one to two drops to desired area. • Internal use supports healthy digestion Dilute with a carrier oil to minimize any skin sensitivity. and metabolism* See additional precautions below. • Cleansing and purifying • Take internally to support a healthy CAUTIONS immune system* Possible skin sensitivity. Keep out of reach of children. If • Creates an inspiring environment you are pregnant, nursing, or under a doctor’s care, consult your physician.
    [Show full text]
  • New and Noteworthy Citrus Varieties Presentation
    New and Noteworthy Citrus Varieties Citrus species & Citrus Relatives Hundreds of varieties available. CITRON Citrus medica • The citron is believed to be one of the original kinds of citrus. • Trees are small and shrubby with an open growth habit. The new growth and flowers are flushed with purple and the trees are sensitive to frost. • Ethrog or Etrog citron is a variety of citron commonly used in the Jewish Feast of Tabernacles. The flesh is pale yellow and acidic, but not very juicy. The fruits hold well on the tree. The aromatic fruit is considerably larger than a lemon. • The yellow rind is glossy, thick and bumpy. Citron rind is traditionally candied for use in holiday fruitcake. Ethrog or Etrog citron CITRON Citrus medica • Buddha’s Hand or Fingered citron is a unique citrus grown mainly as a curiosity. The six to twelve inch fruits are apically split into a varying number of segments that are reminiscent of a human hand. • The rind is yellow and highly fragrant at maturity. The interior of the fruit is solid rind with no flesh or seeds. • Fingered citron fruits usually mature in late fall to early winter and hold moderately well on the tree, but not as well as other citron varieties. Buddha’s Hand or Fingered citron NAVEL ORANGES Citrus sinensis • ‘Washington navel orange’ is also known • ‘Lane Late Navel’ was the first of a as the Bahia. It was imported into the number of late maturing Australian United States in 1870. navel orange bud sport selections of Washington navel imported into • These exceptionally delicious, seedless, California.
    [Show full text]
  • "Tree Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Ortanique Tangor O Eleven
    J. AMER. Soc. HORT. SCI. 118(3):335-338. 1993. Tree Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Ortanique Tangor on Eleven Rootstocks in Cyprus C. Gregoriou1 and C.V. Economides2 Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 2016, Nicosia, Cyprus Additional index words. Citrus reticulata, fruit weight, juice content, rind thickness, total acid, soluble solids concentration Abstract. Growth, yield, and fruit quality were recorded for Ortanique tangor (Citrus reticulata Blanco) on 11 rootstocks until the trees were 12 years old. Trees on Volkameriana (C. volkameriana Pasq.), rough lemon, and ‘Estes rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.) were more productive per unit of tree size, and their cumulative yields per tree were significantly higher than those of trees on the other rootstocks. There was no significant difference between cumulative yields of Ortanique on the following rootstocks: sour orange (C. aurantium L.), ‘Palestine’ sweet lime (C. limettioides Tan.), ‘Red’ rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.), Rangpur (C. limonia Osbeck), and Amblycarpa (C. limonellus var. amblycarpa Hassk.). However, yield on these rootstocks was significantly higher than on Carrizo and Troyer citranges [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] and ‘Swingle’ citrumelo [C. paradisi Macf. × P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.]. The high productivity per unit of tree size of ‘Palestine’ sweet lime suggested that this rootstock could be used advantageously in closely spaced plantings. Rootstocks affected fruit size, weight, rind thickness, juice content, total soluble solids concentration (SSC), and total acids, but the differences were not large enough to be of practical importance. Citrus is one of the most important crops in Cyprus. In 1990 it performance of eleven rootstocks, as measured by growth, yield, occupied 7300 ha or 20% of the total irrigated land.
    [Show full text]
  • Lemon Myrtle & Tangerine Hand Lotion
    AUNZ SKU: 60215368 LEMON MYRTLE & TANGERINE HAND LOTION Infused with Essential Oils 75g PRIMARY BENEFITS • Lightweight formula leaves skin feeling soft and smooth • Calming and relaxing aroma of Lemon Myrtle • Convenient size, perfect for travel or for use while at home or work PRODUCT DESCRIPTION INGREDIENTS dōTERRA Lemon Myrtle and Aloe barbadensis (Aloe) Leaf Juice, Tangerine Hand Lotion is a silky Glycerin, Cetearyl alcohol, Glyceryl hydrating lotion infused with Lemon stearate, Theobromo Cacao (Cocoa) Myrtle and Tangerine CPTG® seed butter, Prunus amygdalus dulcis essential oils. This lightweight (Sweet Almond), Cocos nucifera formula contains moisturisers that (Coconut) Oil, Cetearyl olivate and nurture hands, leaving them feeling Sorbitan olivate, Rosmarinus officinalis soft and supple. The distinct calming (Rosemary) Extract, Olea europaea and relaxing aroma of Lemon Myrtle (Olive) Leaf Extract, Citrus reticulata essential oil combined with the (Tangerine) Peel Oil, Tocopherol enlivening aroma of Tangerine make acetate. this an indulgent aromatic experience. Made in Australia. Packaged in a convenient 75g tube, our Hand Lotion is perfect for carrying in your purse or for use while at home or work. DIRECTIONS FOR USE Apply to hands to moisturise and enjoy the uplifting and joyful aroma. CAUTIONS KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN. Possible skin sensitivity. If you are pregnant, nursing or under a doctor’s care consult your physician. Avoid contact with eyes. Except as indicated, all words with a trademark or registered trademark symbol are trademarks or registered trademarks of dōTERRA Holdings, LLC. ©2021 dōTERRA 160321.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Properties of Kumquat Fruit Note
    IINNNTTTEEERRRNNNAAATTTIIIOOONNNAAALL AAgggrrroooppphhhyyysssiiicccss www.international-agrophysics.org Int. Agrophys., 2013, 27, 107-109 doi: 10.2478/v10247-012-0074-y Note Physical properties of kumquat fruit F. Jaliliantabar*, A.N. Lorestani, and R. Gholami Department of Mechanics of Agricultural Machinery, Razi University of Kermanshah, Imam Khomeini Highway, Kermanshah 6715685438, Iran Received September 8, 2011; accepted March 15, 2012 Abstract.Some physical properties of kumquat were MATERIALS AND METHODS investigated. Physical properties which were measured included Fifty Kumquat fruits from the northern region of Iran fruit dimensions, mass, volume, projected area, density, geometric ° mean diameter, sphericity and surface area. Bulk density, porosity were prepared and kept at 25 C in the laboratory. The three and also packaging coefficient were calculated. Mechanical pro- major dimensions ie length, width and thickness were perties such as the elasticity modulus, rupture force and energy re- measured by a digital caliper. The mass of each kumquat quired for initial rupture have been determined. The experiments were was measured by an electronic balance to an accuracy of carried out at moisture content of 82.6% (w.b.). The results show 0.01 g. The fruit volume was determined by the water that the kumquat fruit is one of the smallest fruit in the citrus family. displacement method using a graduated cylinder. Specific Keywords:kumquat, physical properties gravity of each kumquat fruit was calculated by the mass of kumquat fruit in air divided by the mass of displaced water. INTRODUCTION Water content of fruits was determined using the standard Kumquat (var. Nagami) is a citrus fruit and has an edible hot air oven method keeping the fruit in the oven for 24 h at skin.
    [Show full text]
  • Citrus Limetta) Against RNA-Viruses
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Holistic Health 2021;7(1):37–44 Content available at: https://www.ipinnovative.com/open-access-journals Journal of Preventive Medicine and Holistic Health Journal homepage: https://www.jpmhh.org/ Original Research Article Inhibitory and complementary therapeutic effect of sweet lime (Citrus limetta) against RNA-viruses Swapan Banerjee1, Sulagna Ray Pal1,* 1Dept. of Nutrition, Seacom Skills University, Birbhum, West Bengal, India ARTICLEINFO ABSTRACT Article history: Sweet lime (Citrus limetta), known as ’Mousambi’ or ’Mosambi’ in India, is one of the best citrus fruits Received 31-05-2021 regarding its nutrient contents. Its bioactive compounds (BAC) are exclusively used for multiple clinical Accepted 10-06-2021 applications considering many therapeutic benefits not only in Asian countries but also in the western world. Available online 05-07-2021 The fruit pulp and juice are the best sources of ascorbic acid, B-vitamins, amino acids, and other secondary metabolites. Specifically, polyphenols such as flavanones, hesperetin, naringenin, and chlorogenic acid are highly rich in the fruit. The nutrients in sweet lime altogether provide significant anti-inflammatory, Keywords: antioxidant, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective effects. The purpose of this study is to review and analyze the Mosambi inhibitory and complementary therapeutic effects of sweet lime’s pulp and juices to inhibit the virulence Sweet lime’s benefits caused by RNA viruses, mainly SARS-CoV-2. This review study was designed based on extensive online Polyphenols searches of relevant open-access literature available in the best quality and reliable databases by using COVID19 nutrition specific keywords and boolean operators. After a rigorous review, we found that flavanones in the fruit can Sweet lime’s therapeutic effect alter or inhibit the polyproteins (pp1a and pp1b) responsible for viral replication.
    [Show full text]