Amphetamines

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Amphetamines WHAT ARE AMPHETAMINES? What is their effect on the mind? Amphetamines are stimulants that speed up the The effects of amphetamines are similar to cocaine, body’s system. Some are legally prescribed and used but their onset is slower and their duration is longer. to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In contrast to cocaine, which is quickly removed from the brain and is almost completely metabolized, WHAT IS THEIR ORIGIN? methamphetamine remains in the central nervous Amphetamines were first marketed in the 1930s as system longer, and a larger percentage of the drug Benzedrine in an over-the-counter inhaler to treat remains unchanged in the body, producing prolonged nasal congestion. stimulant effects. By 1937 amphetamines were available by Chronic abuse produces a psychosis that prescription in tablet form and were used in the resembles schizophrenia and is characterized by treatment of the sleeping disorder narcolepsy and paranoia, picking at the skin, preoccupation with one’s ADHD. own thoughts, and auditory and visual hallucinations. Over the years, the use and abuse of clandestinely Violent and erratic behavior is frequently seen among produced amphetamines have spread. Today, chronic users of amphetamines. clandestine laboratory production of amphetamines has mushroomed, and the abuse of the drug has What is their effect on the body? increased dramatically. Physical effects of amphetamine use include: • Increased blood pressure and pulse rates, insomnia, loss What are common street names? of appetite, and physical exhaustion Common street names include: • Bennies, Black Beauties, Crank, Ice, Speed, and Uppers What are their overdose effects? Overdose effects include: What do they look like? • Agitation, increased body temperature, hallucinations, Amphetamines can look like pills or powder. convulsions, and possible death Common prescription amphetamines include amphetamine and dextroamphetamine Which drugs cause similar effects? (Adderall®), dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine®), Drugs that cause similar effects include: lisdexamphetamine (Vyvanse™) and • Dexmethylphendiate, phendimetrazine, cocaine, crack, methamphetamine (Desoxyn®). and khat How are they abused? What is their legal status in the United States? Amphetamines are generally taken orally or injected. Many amphetamines are Schedule II stimulants, However, the addition of “ice,” the slang name which means that they have a high potential for of crystallized methamphetamine hydrochloride, has abuse and a currently acceptable medical use (in promoted smoking as another mode of FDA-approved products). Pharmaceutical products administration. Just as “crack” is smokable cocaine, are available only through a prescription that cannot “ice” is smokable methamphetamine. be refilled..

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EL PASO INTELLIGENCE CENTER DRUG TREND Synthetic Stimulants Marketed As Bath Salts
LAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE EPIC Tactical Intelligence Bulletins EL PASO INTELLIGENCE CENTER DRUG TREND TACTICAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN EB11-16 ● Synthetic Stimulants Marketed as Bath Salts ● March 8, 2011 This document is the property of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and is marked Law Enforcement Sensitive (LES). Further dissemination of this document is strictly forbidden except to other law enforcement agencies for criminal law enforcement purposes. The following information must be handled and protected accordingly. Summary Across the United States, synthetic stimulants that are sold as “bath salts”¹ have become a serious drug abuse threat. These products are produced under a variety of faux brand names, and they are indirectly marketed as legal alternatives to cocaine, amphetamine, and Ecstasy (MDMA or 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine). Poison control centers nationwide have received hundreds of calls related to the side-effects of, and overdoses from, the use of these potent and unpredictable products. Numerous media reports have cited bath salt stimulant overdose incidents that have resulted in emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and severe psychotic episodes, some of which, have led to violent outbursts, self-inflicted wounds, and even suicides. A number of states have imposed emergency measures to ban bath salt stimulant products (or the chemicals in them) including Florida, Louisiana, North Dakota, and West Virginia; and similar measures are pending in Hawaii, Kentucky, Michigan, and Mississippi. A prominent U.S.
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FSI-D-16-00226R1 Title
Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Forensic Science International Manuscript Draft Manuscript Number: FSI-D-16-00226R1 Title: An overview of Emerging and New Psychoactive Substances in the United Kingdom Article Type: Review Article Keywords: New Psychoactive Substances Psychostimulants Lefetamine Hallucinogens LSD Derivatives Benzodiazepines Corresponding Author: Prof. Simon Gibbons, Corresponding Author's Institution: UCL School of Pharmacy First Author: Simon Gibbons Order of Authors: Simon Gibbons; Shruti Beharry Abstract: The purpose of this review is to identify emerging or new psychoactive substances (NPS) by undertaking an online survey of the UK NPS market and to gather any data from online drug fora and published literature. Drugs from four main classes of NPS were identified: psychostimulants, dissociative anaesthetics, hallucinogens (phenylalkylamine-based and lysergamide-based materials) and finally benzodiazepines. For inclusion in the review the 'user reviews' on drugs fora were selected based on whether or not the particular NPS of interest was used alone or in combination. NPS that were use alone were considered. Each of the classes contained drugs that are modelled on existing illegal materials and are now covered by the UK New Psychoactive Substances Bill in 2016. Suggested Reviewers: Title Page (with authors and addresses) An overview of Emerging and New Psychoactive Substances in the United Kingdom Shruti Beharry and Simon Gibbons1 Research Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry UCL School of Pharmacy
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