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An Evaluation of Color Differences Across Different Devices Craitishia Lewis Clemson University, [email protected]

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An Evaluation of Color Differences Across Different Devices Craitishia Lewis Clemson University, Craitil@Clemson.Edu Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 12-2013 What You See Isn't Always What You Get: An Evaluation of Color Differences Across Different Devices Craitishia Lewis Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Part of the Communication Commons Recommended Citation Lewis, Craitishia, "What You See Isn't Always What You Get: An Evaluation of Color Differences Across Different Devices" (2013). All Theses. 1808. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/1808 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. What You See Isn’t Always What You Get: An Evaluation of Color Differences Across Different Devices A Thesis Presented to The Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Graphic Communications By Craitishia Lewis December 2013 Accepted by: Dr. Samuel Ingram, Committee Chair Kern Cox Dr. Eric Weisenmiller Dr. Russell Purvis ABSTRACT The objective of this thesis was to examine color differences between different digital devices such as, phones, tablets, and monitors. New technology has always been the catalyst for growth and change within the printing industry. With gadgets like the iPhone and the iPad becoming increasingly more popular in the recent years, printers have yet another technological advancement to consider. Soft proofing strategies use color management technology that allows the client to view their proof on a monitor as a duplication of how the finished product will appear on a printed piece of paper. A possible problem can occur if clients are not using a calibrated monitor to view proofs.. Today’s generation is obsessed with new technology and more importantly convenience. As the printing industry continues to evolve it is critical to consider the devices that clients are using to view proofs and the possible color differences that exist between those devices. Within this thesis the following questions were the basis of the research: • Do color differences exist between the phones, tablets, and monitors? • If color differences are present, what is the Delta-E value compared to the standard? • Do specific colors produce higher Delta-E values? • Are certain brand devices more color accurate than others? ii DEDICATION I dedicate my thesis work my family and friends who I like to refer to as “my loves.” I would like to extend a special feeling of gratitude to my parents, Cynthia and Elmo Lewis, my sisters, Craijetta and Craijece Lewis, my niece and nephew, Christian and Craijaun Lewis, my aunt and uncle, Linda and Daniel Wyche, and my best friend Jessica James whose encouraging words, love, and support have been the fuel to my success. You guys are the reason why I work so hard. You all always support everything I do and I am forever grateful for that. To my beautiful mother, you have helped me become the woman I am today. I thank you for instilling in me at a young age the importance of an education. Thank you for always being supportive of all my endeavors. You have always been my biggest cheerleader. I thank God for giving me a praying mother who knows and taught me to know that all things are possible through Christ. I would not be here if it wasn’t for you. I love you more than words can say. Thank you. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude toward my advisor and committee chair, Dr. Samuel Ingram. During my stay at Clemson, you have blessed me with your patience, motivation, and immense knowledge. No matter how busy, you always made time to address my questions and concerns. Your guidance has been a stepping-stone to my success. It has been a pleasure working with you and I truly cannot thank you enough. Besides my advisor, I would like to thank the rest of my thesis committee. Dr. Weisenmiller and Professor Kern Cox. Your willingness to join my committee was greatly appreciated. You both were very kind, patient, and always willing to help. Words cannot express how much I appreciated your encouragement, insightful comments, and questions. This has been an arduous yet rewarding journey and I thank you all for helping make it through. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………………………..i ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION ................................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... vi CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 2. THE PERCEPTION OF COLOR ........................................................................... 4 The eye ...................................................................................................... 5 Light .......................................................................................................... 6 The Object ................................................................................................. 7 Color Systems ........................................................................................... 7 CIE XVZ and The Standard Observer ...................................................... 7 CIE L*a*b & CIE L*c*h .......................................................................... 9 3. HISTORY OF HARD PROOFING ...................................................................... 11 Press Proofs ............................................................................................. 11 Off Press Proofs ........................................................................................ 11 4. INTRO TO SOFTPROOFING .............................................................................. 13 What is a soof proof? .............................................................................. 13 High-Quality Monitors ............................................................................ 13 5. COLOR MANAGEMENT ................................................................................... 14 Measuring ................................................................................................ 14 Calibration ............................................................................................... 14 Profiles ..................................................................................................... 15 6. THE SOFT OPTION ............................................................................................ 17 The benefits of soft proofing ................................................................... 17 v Markets using soft proofing .................................................................... 17 Soft proofing options ............................................................................... 17 The future of soft proofing ...................................................................... 18 7. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................... 20 Testing procedures ................................................................................. 20 Devices ................................................................................................... 22 Monitor Conditions ................................................................................ 25 8. RESEARCH DESIGN AND ANALYSIS ........................................................... 27 Research Questions ................................................................................. 27 Testing of the hypothesis ......................................................................... 27 Analysis ................................................................................................... 28 9. FUTURE RESEARCH AND CONCLUSIONS .................................................. 33 Future Research ..................................................................................... 33 Conclusions ............................................................................................ 33 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 35 APPENDIX ..................................................................................................................... 38 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Figure 1: CIE L*a*b Color Model .......................................................................... 2 1.1 Figure 1.1: Cone Sensitivities ................................................................................. 5 1.2 Figure 1.2: The Human Eye .................................................................................... 6 1.3 Figure 1.3: CIE XYZ Color Space .......................................................................... 8 1.4 Figure 1.4: CIE Chromacity Diagram ..................................................................... 9 1.5 Figure 1.5: The
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