2015 Minerals Yearbook

QATAR [ADVANCE RELEASE]

U.S. Department of the Interior April 2019 U.S. Geological Survey The Mineral Industry of By Loyd M. Trimmer III

In 2015, Qatar’s real gross domestic product (GDP) increased activities resulted in increased demand for building materials by 3.3% compared with an increase of 4.0% in 2014. Growth (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, 2016, in real GDP was attributed to investments in the hydrocarbon p. 16–17, 86; Qatar National Bank S.A.Q., 2016, p. 3, 4). sector and the building and construction sector. In 2015, Qatar The Qatar National Vision (QNV 2030) set long-term was a major producer of primary aluminum, ammonia, direct- economic transformation goals aimed at reducing reliance reduced iron (DRI), helium, natural gas, sulfur, and urea. Qatar on the hydrocarbon sector through large investments in the was the world’s second-ranked producer of helium behind the industrial and construction sectors, such as projects related United States, accounting for 31% of global output (table 1; to electricity transmission, transportation infrastructure, and International Monetary Fund, 2016, p. 173; Hamak, 2017). commercial and residential developments, with the goal of According to the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting diversifying Qatar’s economy by 2030. In May, the Public Countries (OPEC), the country was also the world’s fourth- Finance Law No. (2) of 2015 was enacted with the purpose of ranked producer of natural gas, accounting for 4.9% of global enabling long-term investment strategies through prioritizing output, and the leading exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG), state projects and adopting international best financial practices accounting for 31.4% of global LNG exports as indicated by and standards. The Investment Law No. (13) of 2000 permits BP p.l.c. Among countries in the Middle East, Qatar ranked 100% foreign ownership of projects involving the mining and second in the production of natural gas, accounting for 27% development of natural resources, upon the Government’s of the natural gas produced in the region, and first in the approval. Foreign ownership is generally 49% interest for export of natural gas, accounting for 79% of the region’s gas most businesses (including mining), with the remaining 51% exports, as indicated by OPEC. BP estimated the country’s interest held by the Government. Law No. 3 of 2007 provides proven natural gas reserves to be 24.5 trillion cubic meters, and the legal framework for the regulation, taxation, ownership, OPEC estimated the country’s reserves to be 24.3 trillion cubic and production of the country’s natural resources. The Law also meters, both of which were the third-ranked proven natural gas governs petroleum production and distribution operations. The reserves in the world, or about 13% of the world’s total. Qatar’s Ministry of Industry and Energy is responsible for establishing production of crude petroleum and condensate accounted and regulating the country’s petroleum and nonfuel mineral for 1.8% of the world’s total production. The country held policy (U.S. Department of State, 2015). 25.7 billion barrels (Gbbl), or 1.5% of the world’s proved crude petroleum reserves, according to BP, or 25.2 Gbbl, or 1.7% Production as indicated by OPEC. Other mineral commodities produced In 2015, notable decreases in the country’s metal production in Qatar included calcium carbonate, cement, clay, dolomite, included crude steel, which decreased by 25% to 2.59 million gypsum, lime, limestone, methanol, sand, shale, steel, and metric tons (Mt) from 3.47 Mt in 2014. Production of steel sulfuric acid (table 1; BP p.l.c., 2016, p. 6, 20, 28; Organization products, which included steel bars and billets, decreased by of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, 2016, p. 22, 105–106). 15% and 10%, respectively. Production of aluminum decreased The hydrocarbons sector continued to be the country’s by 5% to 610,000 metric tons (t) from 640,000 t in 2014. primary economic sector in 2015, accounting for 36.2% of Significant increases in the production of industrial minerals the total GDP. The value of the country’s exports decreased included calcium carbonate, which was reported to have by 39% to about $77.3 billion from about $126.7 billion increased by 32% to 37,000 t from 28,000 t in 2014. Production in 2014. The decline was primarily attributed to the nearly of cement was estimated to have increased by 13% to 6.9 Mt 50% decrease in the value of crude petroleum exports, which from 6.1 Mt in 2014. Production of residual fuel oil was decreased to about $28.3 billion from $56.4 billion in 2014. estimated to have increased by 26% compared with 2014. The average price of the country’s export petroleum blend Production of gasoline was estimated to have decreased by 20%. decreased to $50.71 per barrel in 2015 from $96.39 per barrel in Data on mineral production are listed in table 1. 2014. Lower petroleum prices and the slight decrease in crude petroleum production resulted in Government revenue being Structure of the Mineral Industry lowered to 39.3% of GDP in 2015 from 45.4% in 2014. The nonhydrocarbon sector, which accounted for 63.8% of the GDP, (QP) is a state-owned public corporation increased by 7.8% in 2015 owing to Government investment that owned and operated all aspects of Qatar’s upstream and spending on large infrastructure projects. The building and downstream crude petroleum and natural gas sector, including construction sector contributed 2.2% to nonhydrocarbon the exploration, production, transport, storage, marketing, GDP growth, followed by manufacturing, which contributed and sale of crude petroleum, gas-to-liquids (GTL), LNG, 0.7%. Increases in the building and construction sector were and natural gas liquids (NGL), in addition to fertilizers and accounted for, in part, by construction in preparation for the petrochemicals. Qatargas Operating Co. Ltd. operated four 2022 FIFA World Cup. Increased building and construction primary LNG enterprises at Ras Laffan: Qatar Liquefied Natural

QATAR—2015 [ADVANCE RELEASE] 59.1 Gas Co. Ltd. (Qatargas 1), Qatar Liquefied Natural Gas Industrial Minerals Co. Ltd. 2 (Qatargas 2), Qatar Liquefied Natural Gas Co. Ltd. 3 (Qatargas 3),Qatar Liquefied Natural Gas Co. Cement.—In 2015, demand for cement increased owing Ltd. 4 (Qatargas 4). Ras Laffan Liquefied Natural Gas Co. to increased activity in the construction sector resulting from Ltd. (RasGas) produced helium from two plants at Ras Laffan investment in infrastructure and industrial capacity under QNV (table 2; U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2015). 2030. In response to increased demand, the country’s cement State-owned company Industries Qatar Q.S.C. (IQ) owned production increased by an estimated 13% to 6.9 Mt from 80% of Qatar Petrochemical Co. Ltd. Q.S.C. (QAPCO); the 6.1 Mt in 2014. Qatar National Cement Co. Q.S.C. (QNCC) remaining QAPCO shares (20%) were owned by Total S.A. produced about 3.8 Mt of cement in 2015 compared with 3.5 Mt of France. IQ also owned 50% of Qatar Fuel Additives Co. in 2014. In 2015, construction of the fifth kiln line at QNCC’s Ltd. Q.S.C. (QAFAC), which mainly produced methanol, Umm Bab integrated cement plant continued under a contract petrochemicals, and sulfur; the remainder of QAFAC shares with Fives FCB of France. The fifth kiln line was expected to were owned by OPIC Netherlands Antilles N.V. (20%), and be completed in late 2017 and to increase the plant’s clinker International Octane Ltd. and Lee Chang Yung Chemical capacity by 1.8 million metric tons per year (Mt/yr). QNCC held Industry Corp. (15% each). IQ held a 75% majority interest about 55% of the domestic cement market (International Cement in Qatar Fertilizer Co. S.A.Q. (QAFCO), which produced Review, 2015, p. 108; , 2016; Qatar National Cement Co. primarily ammonia and urea; the remaining 25% of QAFCO Q.S.C., 2016, p. 5). shares were owned by Yara Netherland BV of the Netherlands. Al Khalij Cement Co. (a subsidiary of Qatari Investors Co. Q.S.C. (QASCO), a wholly owned subsidiary Group) sold 2.6 Mt of cement in 2015, a 23% increase from of IQ, produced hot-briquetted iron (HBI) and DRI, steel 2014. By yearend, the company completed construction and reinforcing bar (rebar), steel billets, and steel coils, in addition commissioned the Line 2 Project at its Umm Bab integrated to lime. Qatar Aluminium Ltd. (QATALUM), which was a cement plant, located about 80 kilometers west of Doha. The 50–50 joint venture between QP and ASA of production capacity of the line increased to 5.7 Mt/yr (Qatari Norway, produced primary and secondary aluminum from its Investors Group, 2016, p. 63–64). smelter at Mesaieed (table 2; Industries Qatar Q.S.C., 2016, Mineral Fuels and Related Materials p. 12–14; Norsk Hydro ASA, 2016, p. 118). Helium.—In 2015, Qatar was estimated to have produced Commodity Review about 50 million cubic meters of helium compared with about Metals 46 million cubic meters in 2014. RasGas produced helium at Qatar Helium 1 and Qatar Helium 2 plants, located in Ras Aluminum.—In 2015, QATALUM produced about Laffan, which had a total capacity of 55.4 million cubic meters 610,000 t of aluminum compared with 640,000 t in 2014. The per year of liquefied helium. Qatar was estimated to account company’s processing facilities in Mesaieed, which consisted for about 31% of the world’s helium output and 20% of the of an aluminum smelter, casthouse, carbon anode plant, and world’s helium reserves in 2015. In 2015, RasGas continued powerplant had a total production capacity of 640,000 metric the development of the Helium 3 plant project located in Ras tons per year (t/yr), of which extrusion billets accounted for Laffan. The plant was expected to have a production capacity 340,000 t/yr and foundry alloys accounted for 300,000 t/yr. The of 11.3 million cubic meters per year of helium and become carbon plant had the capacity to produce 320,000 t/yr of anodes. operational in early 2018. The Procurement and Construction Secondary aluminum accounted for two-thirds of sourced Agreement for the Helium 3 Project was awarded to Chiyoda material used to produce foundry alloys; primary aluminum AlMana Engineering LLC of Qatar. In October, RasGas accounted for the remaining one-third. QATALUM reported that awarded the sales and purchase agreement and the technology aluminum products were exported to 30 countries. Norsk Hydro license for helium produced from the plant and plant equipment supplied alumina from its operations in Brazil, and QATALUM to Air Products and Chemicals Inc. of the United States purchased primary aluminum for the production of value- (tables 1, 2; Ras Laffan Liquefied Natural Gas Co. Ltd., 2015; added casthouse products, which were sold to international Hamak, 2016, 2017). markets including North America and Asia. The onsite gas-fired Natural Gas.—In 2015, Qatar’s natural gas production powerplant was supplied with natural gas through QP (table 2; increased by 2.5% to 178.5 billion cubic meters compared Littlegate Publishing Ltd., 2015; Qatar Aluminium Ltd., 2015; with 174.1 billion cubic meters in 2014. The country’s exports Norsk Hydro ASA, 2016, p. 32, 47, 51, 137, F49). of natural gas increased by 2.3% in 2015 to 126.2 billion Iron and Steel.—QASCO was the sole iron and steel cubic meters from 123.4 billion cubic meters in 2014. Qatar production company in Qatar. Crude steel output decreased exported 106.4 billion cubic meters of natural gas by LNG significantly to 2.59 Mt in 2015 from 3.47 Mt in 2014. DRI vessels to 19 countries, of which, 69.5 billion cubic meters was production increased to 2.63 Mt from 2.55 Mt in 2014. In 2014, exported to Asia and 27.8 billion cubic meters was exported to QASCO held an 88% share of the crude steel market in Qatar Europe and Eurasia. The country exported 19.8 billion cubic and 15% in Gulf Cooperation Council countries (table 1; Qatar meters of natural gas by pipeline to the United Arab Emirates Steel Co. Q.S.C., 2016, p. 3). (17.7 billion cubic meters) and to Oman (2.1 billion cubic

59.2 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2015 meters). The country held the second largest natural gas reserves DOHA, 2016, Qatar National Cement, Samba signs $100 m funding deal: Trade in the Middle East, behind Iran (table 1; BP p.l.c., 2016, p. 20, Arabia, August 2. (Accessed October 20, 2016, at http://tradearabia.com/ news/IND_311384.html.) 28–29; Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, Hamak, J.E., 2016, Helium: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity 2016, p. 105). Summaries 2016, p. 78–79. In 2015, Qatargas continued construction of the Barzan Gas Hamak, J.E., 2017, Helium: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity project. The $10.3 billion project, which was a joint venture Summaries 2017, p. 78–79. Industries Qatar Q.S.C., 2016, Annual report 2015: Industries Qatar Q.S.C., 41 p. between Qatargas (93%) and Exxon Mobil Corp. (7%) of the International Cement Review, 2015, The global cement report [February 2015]: United States, was expected to be commissioned in late 2016 Surrey, United Kingdom, Tradeship Publications Ltd., 369 p. and to reach full output in 2017. The project consisted of International Monetary Fund, 2016, World economic outlook—Too slow for too offshore wellhead platforms and an onshore gas processing unit, long: Washington, DC, International Monetary Fund, April, 208 p. (Accessed June 8, 2016, at http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/01/.) sulfur recovery unit, as well as a NGL recovery unit. The Barzan Littlegate Publishing Ltd., 2015, Qatalum: Littlegate Publishing Ltd. (Accessed project had an expected capacity of 14.3 billion cubic meters per October 19, 2016, at http://www.littlegatepublishing.com/2015/07/qatalum/.) year of natural gas by processing associated natural gas from the Norsk Hydro ASA, 2016, Annual report 2015: Norsk Hydro ASA, 177 p. North field natural gas deposit. The project was also expected (Accessed October 18, 2016, at http://www.hydro.com/upload/Annual_ reporting/annual_2015/downloadcenter/Reports/01_Annual_Report_2015.pdf.) to produce 800,000 t/yr of sulfur, 12.4 million barrels per year Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, 2016, Annual statistical (Mbbl/yr) of ethane, 10.2 Mbbl/yr of condensate, 3.8 Mbbl/yr of bulletin: Vienna, Austria, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, propane, and 2.7 Mbbl/yr of butane (Petroleum Economist, The, 124 p. (Accessed July 12, 2016, at http://www.opec.org/opec_web/ 2015; U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2015, p. 9). static_files_project/media/downloads/publications/ASB2016.pdf.) Petroleum Economist, The, 2015, Project of the year—2015—Barzan Gas Petroleum.—In 2015, Qatar’s production of crude petroleum Project (RasGas): The Petroleum Economist, September 18. (Accessed and condensate increased slightly to about 692.8 million barrels October 27, 2016, at http://www.petroleum-economist.com/articles/corporate/ (Mbbl) from 690.9 Mbbl in 2014. In 2015, the country exported pe-award-winners/2015/project-of-the-year-2015-barzan-gas-project-rasgas.) 178.4 Mbbl of crude petroleum to Asia and the Pacific and Pioneer, The, 2016, 2015 achievements: The Pioneer, no. 150, 19 p. (Accessed October 17, 2016, at http://www.qatargas.com/English?MediaCenter/ 730,000 barrels of crude petroleum to Africa. In 2014, three Publications/ThePioneer.) fields—the Al Shaheen, the Dukhan, and the Idd Al-Shargi— Qatar Aluminium Ltd., 2015, Products: Qatar Aluminium Ltd. (Accessed accounted for more than 85% of the country’s crude petroleum October 19, 2016, at https://www.qatalum.com/Products/Pages/default.aspx.) production capacity (U.S. Energy Information Administration, Qatar National Bank S.A.Q., 2016, Qatar economic insight 2016: Qatar National Bank S.A.Q., June, 10 p. (Accessed September 9, 2016, at http://www.qnb.com/ 2015, p. 4; BP p.l.c., 2016, p. 8; Organization of the Petroleum cs/Satellite?blobcol=urldata&blobheader=application%2Fpdf&blobkey=id&blo Exporting Countries, 2016, p. 51). btable=MungoBlobs&blobwhere=1355553262047&ssbinary=true.) Refined Petroleum Products.—In 2015, QP continued Qatar National Cement Co. Q.S.C., 2016, Annual report 2015: Qatar National construction of the 146,000-barrel-per-day (bbl/d) Laffan Cement Co. Q.S.C., 42 p. (Accessed October 20, 2016, at http://qatarcement. com/eng/report/annual/QNCC%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%2015%20EN. Refinery 2, an expansion project of Laffan Refinery 1, which pdf.) would double the refinery complex capacity to 192,000 bbl/d Qatar Steel Co. Q.S.C., 2016, Qatar Steel magazine no. 102: Qatar Steel Co. of refined products. The project was expected to be operational Q.S.C., 24 p. (Accessed October 19, 2016, at http://www.qatarsteel.com.qa/ by the third quarter of 2016. Qatar’s total refining capacity was Publications/Magzines/QS_Mag_102_En.pdf.) Qatari Investors Group, 2016, 2015 annual report: Qatari Investors Group, expected to increase to 429,000 bbl/d upon completion of Laffan 114 p. (Accessed October 20, 2016, at http://www.qatariinvestors.com/ Refinery 2. When completed, the refineries would have the media/57548/qig_ar_2015_online_english_version.pdf.) capacity to process 40% of the condensate from the North field. Ras Laffan Liquefied Natural Gas Co. Ltd., 2015, RasGas awards two The country exported 190.2 Mbbl of refinery products to Asia major contracts for Helium 3 Project: Ras Laffan Liquefied Natural Gas Co. Ltd. press release, October 28. (Accessed October 17, 2016, at and the Pacific in 2015 (Organization of Petroleum Exporting https://sustainability.rasgas.com/media/Media-Releases/2015/October/ Countries, 2016, p. 51; Pioneer, The, 2016, p. 25–26). RasGas-Awards-Two-Major-Contracts-For-Helium-3-Project.) U.S. Department of State, 2015, Investment climate statement—Qatar 2015: References Cited U.S. Department of State, May, 27 p. (Accessed October 17, 2016, at http://www.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2015/241709.htm.) BP p.l.c., 2016, BP statistical review of world energy—June 2016: U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2015, Qatar—Country analysis: London, United Kingdom, BP p.l.c., 44 p. (Accessed July 12, 2016, at U.S. Energy Information Administration, October 20. (Accessed https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/energy-economics/statistical- October 17, 2016, at https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis. review-2016/bp-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2016-full-report.pdf.) cfm?iso=QAT.)

QATAR—2015 [ADVANCE RELEASE] 59.3 TABLE 1 QATAR: PRODUCTION OF MINERAL COMMODITIES1

(Thousand metric tons unless otherwise specified)

Commodity2 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 METALS Aluminum 487 628 634 640 610 Iron and steel: Direct-reduced iron 2,213 r 2,423 r 2,385 r 2,547 r 2,631 Semimanufactures: Billet, cast 2,005 2,148 r 2,236 r 2,867 r 2,580 Bars, rolled 1,819 1,967 r 2,044 r 2,123 r 1,800 Steel, crude 2,325 2,443 r 2,536 3,474 2,593 INDUSTRIAL MINERALS Calcium carbonate -- 75 17 28 37 Cement, all types 5,000 5,500 5,200 6,100 6,900 e Gypsume 135 145 150 200 210 Helium million cubic meters 20 20 40 46 49 e Limee 100 110 120 150 r 120 Nitrogen fertilizer: N content of ammonia 1,885 r 2,619 r 2,986 r 2,972 r 3,048 N content of urea 1,480 2,071 r 2,535 2,499 r 2,618 Sand, washed 6,000 4,100 4,700 5,900 7,800 Stone, limestonee 2,000 2,200 2,200 2,200 2,300 Sulfur 850 820 820 850 850 e Sulfuric acide 10 10 10 10 10 MINERAL FUELS AND RELATED MATERIALS Liquefied natural gas million metric tons 77 77 78 76 79 Methanol 1,022 983 1,000 982 1,000 Natural gas: Gross million cubic meters 150,016 163,025 183,698 180,024 184,345 Marketed do. 145,271 r 157,050 r 177,602 r 174,057 r 178,472 Natural gas liquids thousand 42-gallon barrels 85,000 81,375 81,375 81,000 80,000 e Petroleum: Crude and condensates do. 669,410 r 704,815 r 694,595 r 690,945 r 692,770 Refinery products: Liquefied petroleum gas do. 118,552 118,552 130,500 124,962 128,000 e Gasoline do. 15,878 15,500 13,870 16,790 13,500 e Kerosene and jet fuel do. 8,405 8,405 7,884 5,455 5,800 e Distillate fuel oil do. 10,000 11,660 8,139 10,425 9,900 e Residual fuel oil do. 1,350 1,378 2,299 1,825 2,300 e Other do. 10,585 7,811 9,198 9,337 8,800 e Total do. 164,770 163,306 171,890 168,794 169,000 e eEstimated; estimated data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown. rRevised. do. Ditto. -- Zero. 1Table includes data available through October 28, 2016. 2In addition to the commodities listed, clays, dolomite, sand and gravel, and shale were produced; however, available information was inadequate to make reliable estimates of output.

59.4 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2015 TABLE 2 QATAR: STRUCTURE OF THE MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 2015

(Thousand metric tons unless otherwise specified)

Major operating companies Annual Commodity and major equity owners Location of main facilities capacity Aluminum Qatar Aluminium Ltd. (QATALUM) [Qatar Petroleum (QP), Smelter at Mesaieed 640 50%, and Norsk Hydro ASA, 50%] Cement: Portland Qatar National Cement Co. Q.S.C. (QNCC) (private Qatari 4 kilns and 4 mills at Umm Bab 4,400 investors, 57%, and Government, 43%) Do. Al Khalij Cement Co. (Qatari Investors Group, 100%) Kiln at Umm Bab 5,700 Do. Al Jabor Cement Industries Co. (Al Jabor Holdings, 75%, 2 clinker grinding mills and Holcim Ltd., 25%) at Mesaieed 900 White Qatari Saudi Company for Industrial Transformation do. 165 Calcium carbonate Qatar National Cement Co. Q.S.C. (QNCC) (private Qatari Umm Bab, 82 kilometers 75 investors, 57%, and Government, 43%) west of Doha Gypsum Qatari Saudi Company for Gypsum [National Gypsum Co., Salwa Industrial Area 135 33.375%; Qatar Industrial Manufacturing Co., 33.375%; Qatar National Cement Co. Q.S.C. (QNCC), 33.250%] Helium million cubic meters Joint venture of Qatar Liquefied Gas Co. Ltd. (Qatargas 1), Qatar Helium plants 1 and 2, 55.4 Ras Laffan Liquefied Natural Gas Co. Ltd. (RasGas), and Ras Laffan Ras Laffan Liquefied Natural Gas Co. Ltd. 2 (RasGas 2) Iron and steel: Iron, direct reduced Qatar Steel Co. Q.S.C. (QASCO) [Industries Qatar Mesaieed 2,800 Q.S.C. (IQ), 100%] Steel, crude do. Plant at Mesaieed 3,500 Steel, rolled do. Rolling mill at Mesaieed 1,440 Rebar, coating Qatar Metals Coating Co. W.L.L. (Q-Coat) [Qatar Steel Co. Plant at Mesaieed 100 Q.S.C. (QASCO) and Qatar Industrial Manufacturing Co.] Lime Qatar National Cement Co. Q.S.C. (QNCC) (private Qatari Kilns at Umm Bab 15 investors, 57%, and Government, 43%) Do. Qatar Steel Co. Q.S.C. (QASCO) [Industries Qatar Mesaieed 200 Q.S.C. (IQ), 100%] Methanol Qatar Fuel Additives Co. Ltd. Q.S.C. (QAFAC) (Industries do. 1,000 Qatar Q.S.C., 50%; OPIC Netherlands Antilles N.V., 20%; Lee Chang Yung Chemical Industry Corp., 15%; International Octane Ltd., 15%) Natural gas: Extracted billion cubic meters Qatar Petroleum (QP) (Government, 100%) Al Khaleej field 8 Do. do. do. North field 20 Do. do. do. North field Alpha 10 Liquefied Qatargas Liquefied Gas Co. Ltd. (Qatargas 1) [Qatar Petroleum Three trains at Ras Laffan 10,000 (QP), 65%; ExxonMobil Qatar Inc., 10%; Total S.A., 10%; Marubeni Corp., 7.5%; Mitsui & Co., Ltd., 7.5%] Do. Qatargas Liquefied Gas Co. Ltd. 2 (Qatargas 2) [Qatar Petroleum Train 4 at Ras Laffan 7,800 (QP), 70%, and ExxonMobil Qatar Inc., 30%] Do. Qatargas Liquefied Gas Co. Ltd. 2 (Qatargas 2) [Qatar Petroleum Train 5 at Ras Laffan 7,800 (QP), 65%; ExxonMobil Qatar Inc., 18.3%; Total S.A., 16.7%] Do. Qatargas Liquefied Gas Co. Ltd. (Qatargas 3) [Qatar Petroleum (QP), Train 6 at Ras Laffan 7,800 68.5%; ConocoPhillips Co., 30%; Mitsui & Co. Ltd., 1.5%] Do. Qatargas Liquefied Gas Co. Ltd. (Qatargas 4) [Qatar Petroleum Train 7 at Ras Laffan 7,800 (QP), 70%, and Royal Dutch Shell plc, 30%] Do. Ras Laffan Liquefied Natural Gas Co. Ltd. (RasGas) [Qatar Trains 1 and 2 at Ras Laffan 6,600 Petroleum (QP), 63%; ExxonMobil Qatar Inc., 25%; Korea Gas Corp., 5%; Itochu Corp., 4%; LNG Japan Corp., 3%) Do. Ras Laffan Liquefied Natural Gas Co. Ltd. 2 (RasGas 2) [Qatar Trains 3, 4, and 5 at Ras Laffan 14,100 Petroleum (QP), 70%, and ExxonMobil Qatar Inc., 30%] Do. Ras Laffan Liquefied Natural Gas Co. Ltd. 3 (RasGas 3) [Qatar Trains 6 and 7 at Ras Laffan 15,600 Petroleum (QP), 70%, and ExxonMobil Qatar Inc., 30%] See footnotes at end of table.

QATAR—2015 [ADVANCE RELEASE] 59.5 TABLE 2—Continued QATAR: STRUCTURE OF THE MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 2015

(Thousand metric tons unless otherwise specified)

Major operating companies Annual Commodity and major equity owners Location of main facilities capacity Nitrogen: Ammonia Qatar Fertilizer Co. S.A.Q. (QAFCO) [Industries Qatar QAFCO 1, Mesaieed 330 Q.S.C. (IQ), 75%, and Yara Netherland BV, 25%] Do. do. QAFCO 2, Mesaieed 900 Do. do. QAFCO 3, Mesaieed 1,500 Do. do. QAFCO 4, Mesaieed 2,000 Do. do. QAFCO 5, Mesaieed 2,000 Do. do. QAFCO 6, Mesaieed 2,000 Urea do. QAFCO 1, Mesaieed 1,000 Do. do. QAFCO 2, Mesaieed 1,000 Do. do. QAFCO 3, Mesaieed 2,000 Do. do. QAFCO 4, Mesaieed 3,200 Do. do. QAFCO 5, Mesaieed 3,850 Do. do. QAFCO 6, Mesaieed 3,850 Petroleum: Crude 42-gallon barrels per day Maersk Oil Qatar A.S., operator1 Al Shaheen field, offshore 330,000 Do. do. Qatar Petroleum (QP) (Government, 100%) Dukhan field, onshore 256,000 Do. do. do. Bul Hanine field, offshore 37,000 Do. do. Occidental Petroleum Corp., operator1 Idd Al-Shargi, North Dome and 113,000 South Dome, offshore Do. do. do.1 Al Rayyan, offshore 8,600 Do. do. United Petroleum Development Co. Ltd. (Bunduq Oil El Bunduq2 7,300 Production Co. Ltd., 97%, and BP p.l.c., 3%) Do. do. Total E&P Qatar Ltd., operator1 Al Khaleej, offshore 37,500 Do. do. do. Maydan Mahzam field, offshore 36,000 Do. do. Qatar Petroleum Development Co. operator1 (Cosmo Oil Co., Al Karkara and A Structure 6,200 Nissho Iwai Corp., United Petroleum Development Co.) Refined do. Qatar Petroleum Refinery [Qatar Petroleum (QP), 100%] Mesaieed 137,000 Do. do. The Laffan Refinery Co. Ltd. [Qatar Petroleum (QP), 51%; Ras Laffan 146,000 Cosmo Oil Co., 10%; Exxon Mobil Corp., 10%; Idemitsu Kosan Co. Ltd., 10%; Marubeni Corp. 4.5%; Mitsui and Co., 4.5%] Sand, washed Qatar National Cement Co. Q.S.C. (QNCC) (private Qatari Umm Bab 10,000 investors, 57%, and Government, 43%) Do. Qatar Sand Treatment Plant [Qatar Industrial Manufacturing do. 1,000 Co. (Q.S.C.)] Stone, limestone Qatar Steel Co. Q.S.C. (QASCO) [Industries Qatar do. 75 Q.S.C. (IQ), 100%] Sulfur: Elemental Ras Laffan Liquefied Natural Gas Co. Ltd. (RasGas) do. 400 Do. Qatar Petroleum (QP) (Government, 100%) Mesaieed 100 Do. Qatar Petrochemical Co. Ltd. Q.S.C. (QAPCO) [Industries Umm Said 100 Qatar Q.S.C. (IQ), 80%, and Total S.A., 20%] Do. Qatar Liquefied Gas Co. Ltd. (Qatargas 1) Ras Laffan 300 Sulfuric acid Qatar Industrial Manufacturing Co. (Q.S.C.) Mesaieed 11 Do., do. Ditto. 1Operated under a development and production-sharing agreement with Qatar Petroleum. 2El Bunduq field is located on the border between Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. Royalties are shared by the Governments.

59.6 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2015