Penn State International Law Review Volume 17 Article 3 Number 2 Dickinson Journal of International Law 1-1-1999 The aB sis of International Law: Why Nations Observe Jianming Shen Follow this and additional works at: http://elibrary.law.psu.edu/psilr Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Shen, Jianming (1999) "The asiB s of International Law: Why Nations Observe," Penn State International Law Review: Vol. 17: No. 2, Article 3. Available at: http://elibrary.law.psu.edu/psilr/vol17/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Penn State Law eLibrary. It has been accepted for inclusion in Penn State International Law Review by an authorized administrator of Penn State Law eLibrary. For more information, please contact
[email protected]. The Basis of International Law: Why Nations Observe Jianming Shen, S.J.D.* I. Introduction ................................ 289 II. The Naturalist Theories ....................... 290 A. Naturalism in General ..................... 291 1. The General Teachings of Naturalism ........ 291 2. General Critiques ...................... 296 B. The Doctrine of "Social Contract".. ............ 297 1. The Doctrine .......................... 297 2. Critiques ............................. 300 C. The Doctrine of Fundamental Rights of the State .. 303 1. The Doctrine .......................... 303 2. Critiques ............................. 304 D. The Theory of "Necessity of Law" .............. 306 1. The Theory ........................... 306 2. Critiques ............................. 308 III. Positivist Theories ........................... 309 A. Positivism inGeneral ...................... 309 B. The Doctrine of the Will of the State ........... 311 1. The Doctrine .......................... 311 2. Critiques ............................. 313 C. The Doctrine of Consent ..................... 314 1. The Doctrine .......................... 314 2. Critiques ............................. 316 D. Voluntarism and the Doctrine of Automatic Limita- tion ................................... 321 1.