The Sustainable ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT PROJECTS on Society

The Island of Gotland- A centre for sustainable development in the The Island of Gotland- A centre for SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

In 1996 the municipality of is to reduce our consumption The combination of rene- Gotland set a target that the of natural resources to a level wable energy with measures island should become a sus- that is compatible with the that tainable society by 2025. Earth’s ability to regenerate increase the efficiency with Sustainability will play a them - thereby ensuring the which we use our natural growing part in our everyday availability of these resources resources is a central part of life not only on Gotland but for future generations. Gotland’s strategy for realising also across the globe, as more Using RENEWABLE ENERGY a sustainable society. Today and more governments, com- sources such as solar, wind, bio- renewable energy accounts for munities and individuals realise mass, small-scale hydro and around 10% of the island’s that we cannot continue drai- geothermal power helps to total energy supply, so we still ning the Earth of its natural reduce society’s dependence on have a long way to go, but resources. finite and polluting energy plans are in place to increase One of the requirements for sources such as fossil fuels and this to 100% within the next achieving a sustainable society nuclear power. 25 years. Sustainable building Almedalsbiblioteket 1 .

District heating Visby, , 2 , . 10 SMÖJEN Sustainable building IHRE 9 Hansahuset, Visby. 3 4 Windpower 4 SLITE 8 2 12 Bockstigen, 11 Näsudden, Smöjen. VISBY Grötlingboudd, 1 2 3 (planned) Sustainable building 12 Suderhälsan, Hamra. 5

Waste water treatment 6 6 7 BIOGAS Roma.

ROMA Biogas installation 7 BIOGAS - Lövsta, Roma. HAMN 2 Electricity generation 8 from industrial waste heat. Cementa, Slite 2 12 Sustainable building 9 HEMSE Ihre Gård, Ihre

Small-scale hydropower 10 NÄS Rabbishuppet 4 Ihre 4 Sustainable building 11 Muramaris, Visby 5 RME, renewable fuel 12 HAMRA Filling Stations at Lantmännen Visby, Hemse, Slite. 1 Cool know-how A new central library, Almedalsbiblioteket, Visby

A combined -university library heatpump will provide heat during Facts: is being built adjacent to the attrac- the winter. The pumps are to be • A sea-water based cooling system tive city park at Almedalen in driven by electricity generated by is to be used instead of air- conditioning. Visby. The Municipality and photovoltaic cells mounted on the • A sea-water based heatpump Gotland’s University College plan library’s roof. The need for artificial will provide heat. for the building to be a flagship lighting will be low, as daylight use • 50m2 photovoltaic panels will example of sustainable architecture is optimised by the building’s produce electricity to drive the and a visible demonstration of their design. The building’s structure and pumps. high environmental ambitions. ventilation systems have been desig- • Resource efficient and recyclable materials are given high priority. Energy efficiency and the use of ned so as to make the most of the • Large use of daylight will reduce renewable energy resources feature structure’s capacity for thermal sto- energy needs for lighting. strongly in the building’s design. To rage. High performance facade • High performance glazing will give reduce the need for energy intensi- systems will allow daylight penetra- both passive solar gain and low ve air-conditioning systems seawa- tion while keeping in heat in the energy loss. • The project is due for completion ter will be used for cooling the inte- winter months and providing sha- by autumn 2001. rior spaces during the warmer mon- ding during the summer. ths of the year. A sea-water based Project co-operation: The Municipality of Gotland Gotland’s University College

Investment: Solar shading Daylight 13.5 million Euro Further information: www.hgo.se

Seawater 2 Clean energy from a distance GWh 250 250 GWh Bio-fuelled district heating in Visby 200 200 these valuable buildings from further decay a district heating 150 150 system has been in operation in Visby for the last twenty years. 100 100 Around 95% of the energy sup- plied to the district-heating 50 50 network comes from renewable 0 0 sources. This cleaner and CO2 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 neutral energy comes in various Fossil fuel Bio-energy forms, the largest contribution Electricity Bio-gas,Heatpump being from wood chips - a by- product of local saw mills. Facts: • The use of oil for heating has Biogas from the town’s landfill been reduced by 75% since site and wastewater treatment 1980. plant is also used to produce heat • Sulphur discharge from oil for the network. In addition to burning furnaces has been this a 10MW heat pump is used reduced by 95% since 1980. The World Heritage City of • Emissions of CO2, sulphur Visby consists of many unique to extract ‘free’ heat from the sea. andnitrous oxides have been buildings and mediaeval ruins Altogether district-heating reduced. that are built from limestone. covers more than 75% of the • District heating networks also city’s heating needs- helping to supply the of Hemse, These structures are particularly Slite, and Klintehamn. sensitive to air pollution - caused keep the air free from pollution to the benefit of Visby’s inhabi- Co-operation: to a large extent by the emissions Renewable energy sources Gotland’s local energy tants and their cultural heritage. used in the district heating from oil-fired heating boilers. company, systems on Gotland: Due in part to a desire to protect The Municipality of Gotland • Bark, wood-chips, demolition wood and shavings from Gotlandsflis AB sawmills are burned in Vattenfall AB modern furnaces. • A sea-water based heat Further information: pump with www.gotland.se/EKOKOM a 10 MW capacity. www.gotlandsenergi.se • Industrial waste heat. www.hallbarasverige.gov.se • Biogas from landfill. • Biogas from the sewage treatment plant in Visby. 3 Building on new knowledge Hansahuset, Säveskolan, Visby

natural resources. Ecologically Facts: • Low emission building materials. sound materials have been are given high priority. used to a large extent. Solar • Materials have been chosen energy is used to provide hot to allow for future reuse and water for the washrooms. recycling. • Natural ventilation is assisted by Separation toilets enable urine specially designed chimneys to be collected and used as fer- that adjust to the wind direction. tiliser. Large amounts of day- • Separation toilets are used (urine is collected for fertilising). At Gotland’s largest high- light, generous ceiling heights, • 6m2 solar panels for providing school the pupils come away natural ventilation and the hot water. with something more than the absence of ventilation fans • The building is also connected usual qualifications - an envi- result in a healthy, quiet and to the district heating network. ronmental awareness. attractive indoor climate. All Hansahuset, a part of Säve col- together this provides the lege in Visby, is an excellent pupils with good conditions example of sustainable archi- for succeeding with their stu- tecture in practice. This en- dies and a building which has vironmentally adapted buil- a low impact on the environ- ding has been created with ment. Project co-operation: The Municipality of consideration for the use of Gotland/Fastighetskontoret Visby Arkitektgrupp AB

Further information: www.gotland.se/EKOKOM www.visbyark.se 4 Clean energy is a breeze Wind energy installations in the sea and on land.

Gotland’s central position in wind parks at Smöjen and the Baltic provides the islanders Storugns. with a never-ending natural Due to the shortage of sites on resource - the wind. Wind power land there are plans to build more has been put to use on Gotland wind farms in the sea. The largest Facts: for many years and at one time currently being planned is an • At the beginning of 2000 there were over 130 wind turbines installed on over 500 traditional windmills 80MW installation to be located the island. provided power for the island’s near Grötlingboudd off • Total energy production from wind communities. Considering the Gotland’s south-east coast. As power on Gotland is around global environmental advantages well as large wind farms, single 130 GWh / year. that this clean energy source pro- wind turbines are used to provide • Electricity production by wind- power corresponds to around vides windpower is destined to electricity for farms and factories. 15% of Gotland’s consumption. become an increasingly valuable In Klintehamn, the companies • Näsudden wind farm consists of resource in the future. Today Gotlandsflis and Lantmännen 80 windpower stations with more than 2000 households on have both installed 500 kW wind an installed effect of c:a 40MW. Gotland own shares in wind tur- turbines, which each produce • Bockstigen consists of 5 x 500kW turbines specially bines through local wind energy around 1.1 GWh / year. Farms adapted for offshore use. co-operatives. Windpower is cur- with forward thinking owners • Smöjen wind park consists of rently responsible for around such as at Stafva gård and at 2 x 500kW, 4 x 660 kW and 4 x 1.5 15% of the island’s total electrici- Ryftes in have also invested MW turbines with a total effect of ty consumption. There are in their own wind turbines and 9.64 MW. • Storugns wind farm consists of clusters of wind turbines, so cal- use these to enhance their envi- 6 x 660 kW turbines with total effect led wind farms or wind parks, at ronmental profiles. of 3.96 MW. various locations around the island. At Näsudden in south- Project Co-operation: Further information: west Gotland lies ’s largest Vindkompaniet AB www.vindkompaniet.se Siral System Co AB windfarm. From there one can www.siral.se Vattenfall AB www.windpowerphotos.com also see Sweden´s first offshore GEAB windfarm; Bockstigen 2.5MW. In northern Gotland there are 5 Caring for body, soul and the environment Suderhälsan, Hamra windmill with 20kW generator Suderhälsan is a recreational 90% of the centre’s energy Facts: Solar panels spa in the south of Gotland needs. To further minimise the • 2 x 20 kW geothermal heatpumps. 2 that has included ecology in impact on the environment • 35m solar panels. • Rebuilt traditional windmill with a Woodchip their vision of well being. The the spa’s water treatment facili- 20kW generator. boiler Electricity owner’s are developing the spa ties have also received particu- • Wood-chip fuelled boiler provides Geothermal c:a 80 kW (maximum effect 120 kW). heat to be a spearheading example lar attention. The water in the pumps • Waste water is purified in a Finnish of sustainable enterprise. One pools is purified every night in Biocler plant. Accumulator tank Heat exchanger of the ways they aim to achie- separate filters with a powder • Well water passes through double lime, ve this is by using energy sole- of seashells and chlorine, iron and ground soil filters. ly from renewable energy sour- which is then separated before Project co-operation: Pools with individual ces. A traditional windmill the water is released into the Suderhälsan water filtration equipped with a 20kW genera- pools again. The whirlpool is Gotland’s County Administration 2 purified in the same manner. The Municipality of Gotland tor, 35 m of solar panels, two Craftsmen from southern Gotland geothermal heat pumps, and a The centre´s waste water is wood-chip fired boiler already purified and filtered out in a Investment: 1.8 million Euro contribute to meeting over gravel bed. Further information: www.suderhalsan.com www.gotland.se/EKOKOM 6 Fertile fields when nature calls Wastewater treatment using the Gotland model, Roma

The principle of using the water leaving the Facts: waste water for irriga- soil naturally fertile. • Today there are municipal sites with waste water treatment tion is not new, only By using this method, pools at , Hemse, Roma, neglected for a num- the soil is enriched Stånga, Träkumla, and Väskinde. ber of years. This met- with valuable nutri- • 5000 people in Gotland and a dairy have their waste water purified using hod is now being revi- ents that would other- this method. talised on Gotland. wise pollute the islan- • 900 acres of land are irrigated with The waste water is d’s lakes and water- purified waste water. • Crops which are irrigated include collected in man- ways. This method wheat, sugar beet, rape and clover. made pools where it is also has the added Project co-operation: contained for several advantage in that by The Municipality of Gotland months, whereby a reducing the need for Farmers on Gotland natural decomposi- fertilisers it helps to Investment: tion of disease-genera- minimise the eutrop- Approximately 360,000 Euros ting microorganisms hication of the Baltic for a 600 person installation.

takes place. Irrigation Sea. Further information: using the purified www.gotland.se/EKOKOM wastewater allows the soil to absorb the nut- rients contained in Lövsta Gård houses an Facts: 7 BIOGAS Ecology by the book agricultural college that aims • Methane produced Biogas installation at The Agricultural College, Lövsta to give its students the know- by the biogas installation will 3 ledge necessary to develop far- replace 50 m fuel oil per year. • The use of commercial ming and forestry in harmony fertiliser will be reduced from with nature. As part of their 95 tonne to 35 tonne. programme to demonstrate sustainable farming techniques the college is cur- Project co-operation: Lövsta Gård Agricultural College rently developing its own bio- The Municipality of Gotland gas installation that will use Heater Digester KTH Gas- farm manure as a fuel source. boiler Further information: Homogeniser The manure will be used to produce methane gas that will www.gotland.se/EKOKOM www.hallbarasverige.gov.se provide heating for the college buildings - thereby reducing the need to use fuel oil. An added benefit is that through the biogas process the manure Fertiliser storage becomes more homogenous resulting in more efficient nutrient utilisation when it is subsequently used as a fertili- ser. Lövsta College also has plans to use wastewater ponds to purify the entire college´s wastewater output and provi- de irrigation water according to the Gotland model. Facts: • Estimated electricity production: 50 GWh/yr 8 • Current electrical - ‘‘Concrete’’ recycling consumption : 210 GWh/yr Electricity generation from industrial waste heat at Cementa, Slite Project co-operation: Cementa AB, Slite Cementa’s factory in Slite is waste heat will be up and Vattenfall AB one of northern Europe’s running during year 2000. Investment: largest cement factories. Using this surplus produc- 8.5 million Euro The plant accounts for tion heat will provide an around 25% of Gotland´s estimated 50GWh of Further information: www.vattenfall.se total energy consumption. electricity per year- a quar- www.cementa.se With the help of Vattenfall, ter of the factory’s energy the state owned electrici- demand. In addition to this www.hallbarasverige.gov.se ty company, an action has excess waste heat is also been taken to reduce the supplied to nearby green- factory’s impact on the houses where it increases environment. An installa- productivity and reduces tion to generate electricity the need to use fossil fuel. using steam created from

CYKLON TOWER

Super Heater Steam- turbine CLINKER COOLER

Evaporator Sea water Evaporator Condenser

Economiser

Feed water pump 9 Nature’s resources at work Small-scale hydro-electric generation, ‘‘Rabbishuppet’’, Ihreån

Mankind has used function combine to Facts: the power of water enhance the natural • Rabbishuppet produces c:a 100 MWh / year. for hundreds of setting. The energy • The large turbine has a years. As early as the produced is prima- running-wheel diameter several rily used to provide of 45 cm, receives 450 l water / sec., gives 18 kW watermills were in heating and lighting power from the generator. use along the Ihre for a nearby green- • The small turbine has river. The new house and any a running wheel diameter of 28 cm, receives 250 l hydro power station surplus electricity is water / sec., gives c:a at Ihre is today dri- sold to Gotland´s 9 kW power from ven by two turbines local electricity com- the generator. dating back to the pany. Rabbishuppet • With both turbines in action the station can be early 1900´s. With (bunnyhop), as the used with a water flow the help of modern station is called, is from 50 l / sec. to 700 l / sec. technology the tur- also designed to Project co-operation: bines have been receive groups of Claes- Göran Appelquist renovated and are visitors so that anyo- Claes-Henric Appelquist, (designer) almost as efficient as ne who is interested Further information new ones. The turbi- can see the turbines www.gotland.se/EKOKOM ne house is itself a in action. work of architecture where both form and 10 A house of the Future A demonstration of straw bale building techniques, Ihre Gård

Could it be that the house of the

future was already being built a A larger staw bale house hundred years ago? Building hous- with it´s energy supply from es using bales of straw is a reliable solar panels is to be built during summer 2000. method used in many areas of the world. By using locally grown, environmentally friendly material, building houses becomes sustai- nable, economical, and whole- some. Straw is renewable, fast- growing, and thereby has less Facts: impact on the environment than • Straw bales cast in reinforced standard building materials. This concrete form the foundation allows sustainable thinking to even of the house. • Bales are stacked on a frame include the homes we build and of steel and wood. live in. At Ihre Gård north of Visby • Walls are stuccoed inside there is a demonstration house and out. • The roof is insulated with built using the straw bale techni- two layers of straw bales que which can be visited. and covered with earth and grass.

Project co-operation: Ihre Gård

Further information: www.ihregard.nu www.gotland.se/EKOKOM Renovation with consideration Facts: 11 • The sewage installation is designed Demonstration of ecological buildings, Muramaris Art Centre, north of Visby for 200 visitors per day, all toilets are urine-separating. • During periods of low use, an INDRÄN-installation is used to drain the wastewater into the soil. • Natural building materials are used such as limestone, cement, and natural stone. • Ekofiber is used for insulation. • Geothermal heating will eventually account for the entire complex’s heating supply. • Photovoltaic panels supply energy for the water fountains.

Project co-operation: Muramaris Jansson & Landahl Arkitektkontor AB

Further information: www.muramaris.nu www.gotland.se/EKOKOM

Muramaris has been a home building techniques have the gardens and greenhouse. ration work is continuing in for artists since the early been applied wherever practi- Geothermal heatpumps con- stages and it will take a num- 1900´s. The house - which is cable in the renovation work, nected to boreholes will in ber of years before the work is an artwork in itself- was origi- and also in new site develop- future provide heating for the completed. The current nally built as a summer home ments. The centre’s wastewa- complex with the help of a owner’s aim is to create a for Professor ter is collected in a tank, culvert system. A former dynamic centre for cultural and his artist wife Ellen. where ultraviolet light is used wood shed has been recon- and artistic activity that at Extensive renovation of to kill disease-generating bac- structed according to natural same time is a permanent Muramaris has been taking teria. The treated water can ventilation principals and exhibition of ecological place since 1995. Ecological then be used as fertiliser in now houses a café. The resto- living. 12 Flower Power - Made in Sweden RME as a vehicle fuel

Raps Methyl Ester or RME is an Facts: • Cars fuelled with RME organic, renewable fuel produced have a fuel consumption from rapeseed oil - and made in of around 20 km / ltr. Sweden. The use of RME in vehicles • Many new diesel engines can run on RME. reduces the need to use fossil fuels; • RME is available at thereby decreasing the output of car- Lantmännens filling bon dioxide into the atmosphere and stations in Visby, Hemse, reducing the greenhouse-effect. and Slite. Many modern diesel engines can use Project Co-operation: both diesel oil and RME - either on The Municipality of Gotland its own or mixed with diesel. To set a Lantmännen Skogsvårdsstyrelsen good example and as part of it´s com- Hassela collective mitment to phasing out fossil fuel Bil City, Visby use, the local authority on Gotland Futher information: has acquired around 60 vehicles that www.gotland.se/EKOKOM can be fuelled with RME. In Visby, Hemse and Slite there are now also commercial RME filling stations for public use. Other organisations on the island which have chosen to use RME driven vehicles as part of their environmental programmes include Skogsvårdstyrelsen and the Hassela collective. These organisations have their own pumps and stock their own RME fuel. This information was developed by Gotland's Energy Agency with the support of the Regional development unit, Municipality of Gotland and EU structural funds Objective 5b Gotland.

For further information about the Ecology Project activities please contact the Eco-group, tel +46 498 269212, fax +46 498 269211 or visit our web site at: www.gotland.se

Photo credits: Gunnar Britse, Anne Oresten, Keith Boxer, Åsa Andersson, Mark Ingelse, Claes-Göran Appelquist, Per Gate, Suderhälsan, Geab