DOCSLIB.ORG

The Mother's Mark: Matrilineal Inscription, Corporeality

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

THE MOTHER’S MARK: MATRILINEAL INSCRIPTION, CORPOREALITY, AND IDENTITY FORMATION IN MOTHER-DAUGHTER RELATIONSHIPS IN BLACK WOMEN’S LITERATURE By Destiny O. Birdsong Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in English August, 2012 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Professor Ifeoma C. K. Nwankwo Professor Hortense J. Spillers Professor Lucius T. Outlaw, Jr. Professor Kate Daniels Copyright © 2012 by Destiny O. Birdsong All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation was only possible through the funding of Vanderbilt University; particularly the Graduate School, the College of Arts and Science, and the English Department. Over the past six years, a PhD fellowship, a graduate assistantship, a dissertation-year fellowship, an Arts and Sciences Dean’s Select Award, work study opportunities, travel grants, and other forms of funding have all been indispensable in the completion of this project. Additionally, several semester-long fellowships at the Vanderbilt University Writing Studio not only helped me discover my great love for working with student writers, but also gave me the opportunity to improve my own writing skills. I owe a special thanks to the director, Jennifer Holt, whose work with me during the revision stage of this dissertation has truly transformed it. Jen, I cannot emphasize how valuable your feedback has been—both to this process as well as to my development as a writer. Thank you. I was also fortunate to have a wonderful support system in the English Department. Professors Jay Clayton and Mark Schoenfield, who both served as departmental chairs during my time here, have helped in a variety of capacities. Additionally, the three Directors of Graduate Studies who served from 2006 to the present—Lynn Enterline, Kathryn Schwarz, and Dana Nelson—have also been instrumental in my work here. I would especially like to thank Professor Schwarz for her unwavering support of my decision to pursue joint degrees, and for her help in securing (and organizing) my final years of funding. Finally, to the one other person in my cohort, Elizabeth Covington, thank you so much for your words of encouragement. We made it! iii As you can probably tell by the recognizable names, I had an amazing dissertation committee: a poet, a philosopher, a literary theorist, and an oral history expert—all of the very best aspects of academia converged in this dynamic group of scholars. Thanks to Kate Daniels, Lucius T. (Lou) Outlaw, Jr., Hortense J. Spillers, and Ifeoma C.K. Nwankwo for all their help on this project; each one of you contributed so much to this dissertation. Kate Daniels, you were most helpful in your feedback on my chapter about Natasha Trethewey’s Native Guard. Professor Outlaw, talking with you about this project during the revision stage really helped me refine and better articulate my arguments. Professor Spillers, you were such an encouraging reader, such an astute editor, and your insight and foresight as a co-chair was always spot-on. Together with my other co-chair, Ifeoma Nwankwo, your instincts in guiding me as I drafted and re-drafted this dissertation made this project possible—it really could not have happened without you. And finally, to Ifeoma: there are no words than can capture your wonder, your wisdom, your gifts, and all the things you’ve taught me. I can only thank you by continuing this journey with the same kind of astute determination you’ve modeled for me for so many years. I strive to live up to the standard of hard work, innovation, and integrity that you’ve set in both instruction and example. I really just want to someday make you proud. In the “Acknowledgements” section of a dissertation about mothers, I would be remiss not to mention my own mother, Joan Birdsong Harris, who has passed on to me all of my best qualities. If I have ever done anything of merit in this life, it is because of this woman. Thank you for everything. Thanks also to my big sister Angela, who is my oldest friend. You’ve looked out for me my whole life. I love you, girl. And to my little brother iv Roy, who always makes me feel important (especially when he recently dyed his hair blond—imitation is the best form of flattery, no?). I love you too little man. Thanks too to my godmother, Krista Watkins, for giving me my name. It is the greatest gift I have ever received, and I bless you every time I say it. And when you say “I love you”—goodness! I feel your love, and I know that I am so lucky to know you. To the rest of the family: my aunts and uncles, cousins, play cousins, and godsiblings, I love you guys too—you know who you are. In addition to the “fam,” I could not have made it this far without the amazing friends I’ve met at various times in my life, who have stuck around and held me down. Selena Sanderfer, Tiffany Pulley, and Tiffany Austin, you each have such a special place in my heart. Selena, you have always been and will always be my role model. T. Pulley! What would Fisk have been without you? And to Tiffany A., thanks for providing a getaway for me at the perfect time. I’m not sure if you know this, but I put the final touches on my defense draft while sitting in your office in February 2012. You are the kind of writer who inspires everyone in her presence—you’re an amazing woman. And where would I be without the Rainbow Tribe? To Nikki Spigner, Deborah Lilton, Donika Ross, and Nafissa “Fizzy” Thompson-Spires, I love you each and all. Thank you for yoga, vegan cuisine, sesame noodles, karaoke while washing the dishes, thrifting, talking, laughing, arguing, ‘80’s music, sitcom marathons—“thank you for being [my] friend[s]!” In a 2012 kind of world, I’m glad I’ve got my girls. To my very best friend, Larrysha Jones: From the moment I went in for my evening shift at the Bellevue Applebee’s in November 2002, and someone (I think it was “Slim”) said: “Hey, there’s a new girl here who acts just like you!”, you’ve been my best v friend—not just in terms of the amount of fun we have together, but the quality of your friendship is priceless. I can honestly say that your love, support, understanding, and humor have created so many safe spaces for me. And you always know when to say the right thing. You have literally made me laugh through my tears (remember the Jay-Z quote? “Haters want me clapped in chrome….”). You’re a friend of “top flight” quality. Of the world, Larrysha. Not just of the city, of the world! Thank you Rashaud, for always supporting and motivating me, and for setting such a wonderful example of patience, hard work, and integrity. You always know what to say to get me to get up and try again. You have always encouraged me to be the best version of myself while, at the same time, celebrating me for who I am. You are such a gift. We share such a special love. I hope I’ve made it clear by describing all of the wonderful people He’s brought into my life how good God has been to me. I’ve been so very, very blessed over these past six years, even with all the storms—literal and figurative. How can I thank Him? If I had ten thousand tongues, I couldn’t praise Him enough; if I had 10,000 more pages, I couldn’t tell it all. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii Chapter I. INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction 1 Matrilineal Inscription and Trauma 6 Blackness, Diaspora, Identity Formation, and Racial Difference 16 Mother-Daughter Relationships in Past and Present Scholarship 23 Chapter Breakdown 35 II. THE DUAL DANCE: TRAUMATIC INSCRIPTION, CORPOREAL MOVEMENT, AND MATERNAL MIRRORING IN PAULE MARSHALL’S BROWN GIRL, BROWNSTONES (1959) 41 Introduction 41 The Mother’s Movement (Or Lack Thereof) 46 The Anatomy of a Daughter’s Defiance 54 A Changing Same: Silla, Selina, and the Mirroring of the Mother 63 More Close Calls: Clive and Selina, Movement and Stasis 68 Cloakrooms and Crossings: Final Scenes and Images 74 Conclusion: On to Other Mothers 77 III. BREAKING CANE, BREAKING CHAINS: INSCRIPTION, REENACTMENT, AND RITUALS OF DIFFERENCE IN EDWIDGE DANTICAT’S BREATH, EYES, MEMORY (1994) 80 Introduction 80 The Readying of Reinscription and a Mother’s Reenactment 85 Another Readying: (Re)Defining Maternal and Filial Roles 90 The Breaking: Corporeal Repercussions 101 The Mothers in Haiti: Confrontation and (The Beginnings Of) Healing 106 Conclusion: Rituals of Difference and Redefining Matrilineal Inscription 114 vii IV. “MEMORIES THAT ARE(N’T) MINE”: MATRILINEAL CULTURAL TRAUMA, SILENCE, AND DEFIANT REINSCRIPTION IN NATASHA TRETHEWEY’S NATIVE GUARD (2006) 119 Introduction 119 The Condition of the Mother(‘s)land: Extrinsic Inscription 126 The Condition of the Mother and the Child that Follows: Matrilineal Inscription 134 Native Work 142 Conclusion: Finding Her True-True Name 149 V. WHEN MAMA’S WHITE: TRANS-RACIAL MATERNALITY AND FAILED MATRILINEAL INSCRIPTION IN EMILY RABOTEAU’S THE PROFESSOR’S DAUGHTER: A NOVEL (2005) 153 Introduction 153 M(Br)other, Where Art Thou?: Usurped Matrlineality in The Professor’s Daughter 159 Othermothers and Mythmaking 168 Sins of the Daughter 179 Recreating Coalitions: Lessons to Learn 188 Conclusion: More Lessons to Learn 193 CODA: CONCLUDING THOUGHTS 196 REFERENCES 206 viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION I.
Recommended publications
  • The Developmental Effects on the Daughter of an Absent Father Throughout Her Lifespan

    The Developmental Effects on the Daughter of an Absent Father Throughout Her Lifespan

    Merrimack College Merrimack ScholarWorks Honors Senior Capstone Projects Honors Program Spring 2020 The Developmental Effects on the Daughter of an Absent Father Throughout her Lifespan Carlee Castetter Merrimack College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.merrimack.edu/honors_capstones Part of the Child Psychology Commons, and the Developmental Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Castetter, Carlee, "The Developmental Effects on the Daughter of an Absent Father Throughout her Lifespan" (2020). Honors Senior Capstone Projects. 50. https://scholarworks.merrimack.edu/honors_capstones/50 This Capstone - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at Merrimack ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Senior Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of Merrimack ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Running head: EFFECTS OF ABSENT FATHER The Developmental Effects on the Daughter of an Absent Father Throughout her Lifespan Carlee Castetter Merrimack College Honors Senior Capstone Advised by Rebecca Babcock-Fenerci, Ph.D. Spring 2020 EFFECTS OF ABSENT FATHER 1 Abstract Fatherless households are becoming increasingly common throughout the United States. As a result, more and more children are growing up without the support of both parents, and this may be causing developmental consequences. While there has been significant research conducted on the effect of absent fathers on children in general, there has been far less research regarding girls specifically. As discovered in this paper, girls are often impacted differently than boys when it comes to growing up without a father. The current research paper aims to discover just exactly how girls are impacted by this lack of a parent throughout their lifetimes, from birth to adulthood.
  • Matrifocality and Women's Power on the Miskito Coast1

    Matrifocality and Women's Power on the Miskito Coast1

    KU ScholarWorks | http://kuscholarworks.ku.edu Please share your stories about how Open Access to this article benefits you. Matrifocality and Women’s Power on the Miskito Coast by Laura Hobson Herlihy 2008 This is the published version of the article, made available with the permission of the publisher. The original published version can be found at the link below. Herlihy, Laura. (2008) “Matrifocality and Women’s Power on the Miskito Coast.” Ethnology 46(2): 133-150. Published version: http://ethnology.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/Ethnology/index Terms of Use: http://www2.ku.edu/~scholar/docs/license.shtml This work has been made available by the University of Kansas Libraries’ Office of Scholarly Communication and Copyright. MATRIFOCALITY AND WOMEN'S POWER ON THE MISKITO COAST1 Laura Hobson Herlihy University of Kansas Miskitu women in the village of Kuri (northeastern Honduras) live in matrilocal groups, while men work as deep-water lobster divers. Data reveal that with the long-term presence of the international lobster economy, Kuri has become increasingly matrilocal, matrifocal, and matrilineal. Female-centered social practices in Kuri represent broader patterns in Middle America caused by indigenous men's participation in the global economy. Indigenous women now play heightened roles in preserving cultural, linguistic, and social identities. (Gender, power, kinship, Miskitu women, Honduras) Along the Miskito Coast of northeastern Honduras, indigenous Miskitu men have participated in both subsistence-based and outside economies since the colonial era. For almost 200 years, international companies hired Miskitu men as wage- laborers in "boom and bust" extractive economies, including gold, bananas, and mahogany.
  • How Understanding the Aboriginal Kinship System Can Inform Better

    How Understanding the Aboriginal Kinship System Can Inform Better

    How understanding the Aboriginal Kinship system can inform better policy and practice: social work research with the Larrakia and Warumungu Peoples of the Northern Territory Submitted by KAREN CHRISTINE KING BSW A thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Social Work Faculty of Arts and Science Australian Catholic University December 2011 2 STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP AND SOURCES This thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a thesis by which I have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma. No other person‟s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of the thesis. This thesis has not been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution. All research procedures reported in the thesis received the approval of the Australian Catholic University Human Research Ethics Committee. Karen Christine King BSW 9th March 2012 3 4 ABSTRACT This qualitative inquiry explored the kinship system of both the Larrakia and Warumungu peoples of the Northern Territory with the aim of informing social work theory and practice in Australia. It also aimed to return information to the knowledge holders for the purposes of strengthening Aboriginal ways of knowing, being and doing. This study is presented as a journey, with the oral story-telling traditions of the Larrakia and Warumungu embedded and laced throughout. The kinship system is unpacked in detail, and knowledge holders explain its benefits in their lives along with their support for sharing this knowledge with social workers.
  • Muang Matrifocality

    Muang Matrifocality

    MUANG MATRIFOCALITY by Richard Davis* The rural Muang (Yuan, Northern Thai), who inhabit the lowland areas of the northernmost provinces of Thailand and number over three million people, exhibit a social structure dominated by female ties. The two salient features of this social structure are a mandatory initial period of matrilocal residence, and matriclan organization. Both of these principles are reflected in the structure of the typical Muang dwelling. The most important component of a Muang house, and the part most hedged with taboos regarding its use, construction and location, is that part called the huan (hidn). The huan area of the house comprises the sleeping area, plus an open chamber called the tern (t;;;)n) which serves as a reception area for guests in the daytime and evenings and as the sleeping quarters for unmarried males at night. The sleeping area of most present-day houses is composed of two chambers delimited by the position of the houseposts. The household head and his wife and small children sleep in the chamber nearest the tern. The other cham­ ber is for unmarried daughters or a married daughter and son-in-law. In former times the sleeping area was larger, containing more chambers to house several married daughters and their husbands. The invisible bipartition of the enclosed part of the huan into two chambers, one for the household head and his wife and one for their married daughter and son-in-law, mirrors an important and distinctive feature of the Muang residence pattern. In rural Nan there is an obli­ gatory initial period of matrilocal residence, which usually lasts a year or more.
  • An Essential Dichotomy in Australian Kinship Tony Jefferies

    An Essential Dichotomy in Australian Kinship Tony Jefferies

    11 Close–Distant: An Essential Dichotomy in Australian Kinship Tony Jefferies Abstract This chapter looks at the evidence for the close–distant dichotomy in the kinship systems of Australian Aboriginal societies. The close– distant dichotomy operates on two levels. It is the distinction familiar to Westerners from their own culture between close and distant relatives: those we have frequent contact with as opposed to those we know about but rarely, or never, see. In Aboriginal societies, there is a further distinction: those with whom we share our quotidian existence, and those who live at some physical distance, with whom we feel a social and cultural commonality, but also a decided sense of difference. This chapter gathers a substantial body of evidence to indicate that distance, both physical and genealogical, is a conception intrinsic to the Indigenous understanding of the function and purpose of kinship systems. Having done so, it explores the implications of the close–distant dichotomy for the understanding of pre-European Aboriginal societies in general—in other words: if the dichotomy is a key factor in how Indigenes structure their society, what does it say about the limits and integrity of the societies that employ that kinship system? 363 SKIN, KIN AND CLAN Introduction Kinship is synonymous with anthropology. Morgan’s (1871) Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family is one of the founding documents of the discipline. It also has an immediate connection to Australia: one of the first fieldworkers to assist Morgan in gathering his data was Lorimer Fison, who, later joined by A.
  • Bereavement Leave

    Bereavement Leave

    STATE OF CALIFORNIA - DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL SERVICE PERSONNEL OPERATIONS MANUAL SUBJECT: BEREAVEMENT LEAVE REPRESENTED EMPLOYEES Bereavement leave allows for up to three (3) eight-hour days (24 hours) per occurrence or three (3) eight-hour days (24 hours) in a fiscal year based on the family member. The following chart describes the family member and bereavement leave allowed per bargaining unit. Bargaining Unit Eligible family member - three (3) eight-hour days Eligible family member - three (3) (24 hours) per occurrence eight-hour days (24 hours) in a fiscal year 1, 4, 11, 14, 15 • Parent • Aunt • Stepparent • Uncle • Spouse • Niece • Domestic Partner • Nephew • Child • immediate family members of • Grandchild Domestic Partners • Grandparent • Brother • Sister • Stepchild • Mother-in-Law • Father-in-Law • Daughter-in-Law • Son-in-Law • Sister-in-Law • Brother-in-Law • any person residing in the immediate household 2 • Parent • Grandchild • Stepparent • Grandparent • Spouse • Aunt • Domestic Partner • Uncle • Child • Niece • Sister • Nephew • Brother • Mother-in-Law • Stepchild • Father-in-Law • any person residing in the immediate household • Daughter-in-Law • Son-in-Law • Sister-in-Law • Brother-in-Law • immediate family member 7 • Parent • Grandchild • Stepparent • Grandparent • Spouse • Aunt • Domestic Partner • Uncle STATE OF CALIFORNIA - DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL SERVICE PERSONNEL OPERATIONS MANUAL Bargaining Unit Eligible family member - three (3) eight-hour days Eligible family member - three (3) (24 hours) per occurrence eight-hour
  • Keith Carlock

    Keith Carlock

    APRIZEPACKAGEFROM 2%!3/.34/,/6%"),,"25&/2$s.%/.42%%3 7). 3ABIANWORTHOVER -ARCH 4HE7ORLDS$RUM-AGAZINE 'ET'OOD 4(%$25--%23/& !,)#)!+%93 $!.'%2-/53% #/(%%$ 0,!.4+2!533 /.345$)/3/5.$3 34!249/52/7. 4%!#().'02!#4)#% 3TEELY$AN7AYNE+RANTZS ,&*5)$"3-0$,7(9(%34(%-!.4/7!4#( s,/52%%$34/.9h4(5.$%2v3-)4( s*!+),)%"%:%)4/&#!. s$/5",%"!3335"34)454% 2%6)%7%$ -/$%2.$25--%2#/- '2%43#(052%7//$"%%#(3/5,4/.%/,$3#(//,3*/9&5,./)3%%,)4%3.!2%3%6!.34/-0/7%2#%.4%23 Volume 35, Number 3 • Cover photo by Rick Malkin CONTENTS 48 31 GET GOOD: STUDIO SOUNDS Four of today’s most skilled recording drummers, whose tones Rick Malkin have graced the work of Gnarls Barkley, Alicia Keys, Robert Plant & Alison Krauss, and Coheed And Cambria, among many others, share their thoughts on getting what you’re after. 40 TONY “THUNDER” SMITH Lou Reed’s sensitive powerhouse traveled a long and twisting musical path to his current destination. He might not have realized it at the time, but the lessons and skills he learned along the way prepared him per- fectly for Reed’s relentlessly exploratory rock ’n’ roll. 48 KEITH CARLOCK The drummer behind platinum-selling records and SRO tours reveals his secrets on his first-ever DVD, The Big Picture: Phrasing, Improvisation, Style & Technique. Modern Drummer gets the inside scoop. 31 40 12 UPDATE 7 Walkers’ BILL KREUTZMANN EJ DeCoske STEWART COPELAND’s World Percussion Concerto Neon Trees’ ELAINE BRADLEY 16 GIMME 10! Hot Hot Heat’s PAUL HAWLEY 82 PORTRAITS The Black Keys’ PATRICK CARNEY 84 9 REASONS TO LOVE Paul La Raia BILL BRUFORD 82 84 96
  • Should the U.S. Approve Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy?

    Should the U.S. Approve Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy?

    SHOULD THE U.S. APPROVE MITOCHONDRIAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY? An Interactive Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the Faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By: ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ Daniela Barbery Emily Caron Daniel Eckler IQP-43-DSA-6594 IQP-43-DSA-7057 IQP-43-DSA-5020 ____________________ ____________________ Benjamin Grondin Maureen Hester IQP-43-DSA-5487 IQP-43-DSA-2887 August 27, 2015 APPROVED: _________________________ Prof. David S. Adams, PhD WPI Project Advisor 1 ABSTRACT The overall goal of this project was to document and evaluate the new technology of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT), and to assess its technical, ethical, and legal problems to help determine whether MRT should be approved in the U.S. We performed a review of the current research literature and conducted interviews with academic researchers, in vitro fertility experts, and bioethicists. Based on the research performed for this project, our team’s overall recommendation is that the FDA approve MRT initially for a small number of patients, and follow their offspring’s progress closely for a few years before allowing the procedure to be done on a large scale. We recommend the FDA approve MRT only for treating mitochondrial disease, and recommend assigning parental rights only to the two nuclear donors. In medical research, animal models are useful but imperfect, and in vitro cell studies cannot provide information on long-term side-effects, so sometimes we just need to move forward with closely monitored human experiments. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page ……………………………….……………………………………..……. 01 Abstract …………………………………………………………………..…………. 02 Table of Contents ………………………………………………………………..… 03 Acknowledgements …………………………………………………………..…….
  • And 'Father': Overcoming the Eurocentrism of Kinship

    And 'Father': Overcoming the Eurocentrism of Kinship

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by The Australian National University 408 Current Anthropology Volume 57, Number 4, August 2016 Back to ‘Mother’ and ‘Father’ Overcoming the Eurocentrism of Kinship Studies through Eight Lexical Universals by Anna Wierzbicka CA1 Online-Only Material: Supplement A This paper addresses one of the most controversial issues in cultural anthropology: the conceptual foundations of kinship and the apparent inevitability of ethnocentrism in kinship studies. The field of kinship studies has been in turmoil over the past few decades, repeatedly pronounced dead and then again rising from the ashes and being declared central to human affairs. As this paper argues, the conceptual confusion surrounding ‘kinship’ is to a large extent due to the lack of a clear and rigorous methodology for discovering how speakers of the world’s different languages actually navigate their kinship systems. Building on the author’s earlier work on kinship but taking the analysis much further, this paper seeks to demonstrate that such a methodology can be found in natural semantic metalanguage theory (developed by the author and colleagues), which relies on 65 universal semantic primes and on a small number of universal “semantic molecules,” including ‘mother’ and ‘father’. The paper offers a new model for the interpretation of kinship terminologies and opens new perspectives for the investigation of kinship systems across languages and cultures. Introduction: ‘Mother’ and ‘Father’ as a Conceptual born in the great majority of cases, and their first words are Basis for Kinship Studies often kinship terms.
  • The Anchor, Volume 86.02: September 14, 1973

    The Anchor, Volume 86.02: September 14, 1973

    Hope College Hope College Digital Commons The Anchor: 1973 The Anchor: 1970-1979 9-14-1973 The Anchor, Volume 86.02: September 14, 1973 Hope College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/anchor_1973 Part of the Library and Information Science Commons Recommended Citation Repository citation: Hope College, "The Anchor, Volume 86.02: September 14, 1973" (1973). The Anchor: 1973. Paper 13. https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/anchor_1973/13 Published in: The Anchor, Volume 86, Issue 2, September 14, 1973. Copyright © 1973 Hope College, Holland, Michigan. This News Article is brought to you for free and open access by the The Anchor: 1970-1979 at Hope College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Anchor: 1973 by an authorized administrator of Hope College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. City Council sets plans for *• renovating Eighth Street by Dave DeKok "The mayor appointed a study committee of five including my- Like many other small cities, self and Larry Harris, who worked Holland has a downtown area for the City of Kalamazoo when which, while not really ugly or they built their mall," he said. rundown, could best be described THE PLAN which evolved as drab. To cope with this prob- from the committee's work re- lem, the city has laid out a beauti- tains traffic on 8th Street, al- fication program which ultimately though part of it will be one way. will transform 8th Street into a The street will be lined with trees, drive-through park of sorts, com- which will be planted in dirt plete with trees and benches.
  • Songs by Title

    Songs by Title

    Songs by Title Title Artist Versions Title Artist Versions #1 Crush Garbage SC 1999 Prince PI SC #Selfie Chainsmokers SS 2 Become 1 Spice Girls DK MM SC (Can't Stop) Giving You Up Kylie Minogue SF 2 Hearts Kylie Minogue MR (Don't Take Her) She's All I Tracy Byrd MM 2 Minutes To Midnight Iron Maiden SF Got 2 Stars Camp Rock DI (I Don't Know Why) But I Clarence Frogman Henry MM 2 Step DJ Unk PH Do 2000 Miles Pretenders, The ZO (I'll Never Be) Maria Sandra SF 21 Guns Green Day QH SF Magdalena 21 Questions (Feat. Nate 50 Cent SC (Take Me Home) Country Toots & The Maytals SC Dogg) Roads 21st Century Breakdown Green Day MR SF (This Ain't) No Thinkin' Trace Adkins MM Thing 21st Century Christmas Cliff Richard MR + 1 Martin Solveig SF 21st Century Girl Willow Smith SF '03 Bonnie & Clyde (Feat. Jay-Z SC 22 Lily Allen SF Beyonce) Taylor Swift MR SF ZP 1, 2 Step Ciara BH SC SF SI 23 (Feat. Miley Cyrus, Wiz Mike Will Made-It PH SP Khalifa And Juicy J) 10 Days Late Third Eye Blind SC 24 Hours At A Time Marshall Tucker Band SG 10 Million People Example SF 24 Hours From Tulsa Gene Pitney MM 10 Minutes Until The Utilities UT 24-7 Kevon Edmonds SC Karaoke Starts (5 Min 24K Magic Bruno Mars MR SF Track) 24's Richgirl & Bun B PH 10 Seconds Jazmine Sullivan PH 25 Miles Edwin Starr SC 10,000 Promises Backstreet Boys BS 25 Minutes To Go Johnny Cash SF 100 Percent Cowboy Jason Meadows PH 25 Or 6 To 4 Chicago BS PI SC 100 Years Five For Fighting SC 26 Cents Wilkinsons, The MM SC SF 100% Chance Of Rain Gary Morris SC 26 Miles Four Preps, The SA 100% Pure Love Crystal Waters PI SC 29 Nights Danni Leigh SC 10000 Nights Alphabeat MR SF 29 Palms Robert Plant SC SF 10th Avenue Freeze Out Bruce Springsteen SG 3 Britney Spears CB MR PH 1-2-3 Gloria Estefan BS SC QH SF Len Barry DK 3 AM Matchbox 20 MM SC 1-2-3 Redlight 1910 Fruitgum Co.
  • University of Oklahoma Graduate College

    University of Oklahoma Graduate College

    UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE INCORPORATING MULTIPLE HISTORIES: THE POSSIBILITY OF NARRATIVE RUPTURE OF THE ARCHIVE IN V. AND BELOVED A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By LEANN MARIE STEVENS-LARRE Norman, Oklahoma 2010 INCORPORATING MULTIPLE HISTORIES: THE POSSIBILITY OF NARRATIVE RUPTURE OF THE ARCHIVE IN V. AND BELOVED A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH BY _____________________________________________ Dr. Timothy S. Murphy, Chair _____________________________________________ Dr. W. Henry McDonald _____________________________________________ Dr. Francesca Sawaya _____________________________________________ Dr. Rita Keresztesi _____________________________________________ Dr. Julia Ehrhardt © Copyright by LEANN MARIE STEVENS-LARRE 2010 All Rights Reserved. This work is dedicated to the woman who taught me by her example that it was possible. Thank you, Dr. Stevens, aka, Mom. Acknowledgements I am and will always be genuinely grateful for the direction of my dissertation work by Tim Murphy. He was thorough, rigorous, forthright, always responding to my drafts and questions with lightening speed. Whatever is good here is based on his guidance, and whatever is not is mine alone. I know that I would not have been able to finish this work without him. I also appreciate the patience and assistance I received from my committee members, Henry McDonald, Francesca Sawaya, Rita Keresztesi, and Julia Ehrhardt. I have benefitted greatly from their experience, knowledge and encouragement. Henry deserves special recognition and heartfelt thanks for sticking with me through two degrees. I would also like to thank Dr. Yianna Liatsos for introducing me to ―the archive.‖ I most sincerely thank (and apologize to) Nancy Brooks for the tedious hours she spent copy-editing my draft.