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Section 1135 Ecosystem Restoration Study

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Section 1135 Ecosystem Restoration Study U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District Section 1135 Ecosystem Restoration Study Integrated Feasibility Report and Environmental Assessment Southern Platte Valley Denver, Colorado June 2018 South Platte River near Overland Pond Park TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1. STUDY AUTHORITY ............................................................................................ 1 1.2. STUDY SPONSOR AND CONGRESSIONAL AUTHORIZATION ................... 1 1.3. STUDY AREA AND SCOPE ................................................................................. 1 2. PURPOSE, NEED AND SIGNIFICANCE .................................................................... 3 2.1. NEED: PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES ...................................................... 4 2.2. PURPOSE: OBJECTIVES AND CONSTRAINTS ................................................ 7 2.3. SIGNIFICANCE ...................................................................................................... 8 3. CURRENT AND FUTURE CONDITIONS ................................................................ 16 3.1. PLANNING HORIZON ........................................................................................ 16 3.2. EXISTING CONDITIONS .................................................................................... 16 3.3. PREVIOUS STUDIES .......................................................................................... 17 3.4. EXISTING PROJECTS ......................................................................................... 17 3.5. PHYSICAL SETTING .......................................................................................... 18 3.6. ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES .............................................................................. 22 3.7. HYDROLOGICAL ANALYSIS ........................................................................... 30 3.8. HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS ................................................................................... 31 3.9. SOCIOECONOMIC SETTING ............................................................................ 32 3.10. ECONOMIC SETTING ...................................................................................... 33 3.11. CULTURAL RESOURCES ................................................................................ 36 3.12. RECREATIONAL RESOURCES ....................................................................... 36 3.13. FORECASTED FUTURE WITHOUT PROJECT CONDITIONS .................... 37 4. PLAN FORMULATION .............................................................................................. 40 4.1. SECTION 1135 POLICY ...................................................................................... 40 4.2. STUDY PROCESS ................................................................................................ 41 4.3. CONSIDERATION OF PLANNING CRITERIA ................................................ 41 4.4. QUALITY MANAGEMENT ................................................................................ 41 4.5. ALTERNATIVE FORMULATION ...................................................................... 42 4.6. ALTERNATIVE EVALUATION ......................................................................... 72 4.7. ALTERNATIVE COMPARISON ........................................................................ 75 4.8. ANCILLARY RECREATION PLAN FORMULATION .................................... 80 5. SELECTED PLAN ....................................................................................................... 81 5.1. ANCILLARY RECREATION PLAN ................................................................... 82 5.1. TOTAL PROJECT COST ..................................................................................... 83 5.2. COST SHARE ....................................................................................................... 83 5.3. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION .................................................................. 83 5.4. RISK AND UNCERTAINTY ............................................................................... 84 5.5. SUMMARY OF PLAN EFFECTS ACROSS FOUR P&G ACCOUNTS............ 87 6. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND SOCIAL EFFECTS .............................. 88 6.1. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES ............................................................ 88 6.2. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ................................................................................... 95 6.3. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE .................................................................. 97 6.4. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT ................................................................................. 101 7. MONITORING AND ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT .............................................. 103 8. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ...................................................................... 103 i 9. RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................ 104 10. LITERATURE CITED ............................................................................................. 106 Figures Figure 1. Section 1135 study area. Note Reach 1 (pink) is from West Mississippi Ave upstream (south) to West Florida Ave, Reach 2 (yellow) West Florida Ave upstream to West Evans Ave and Reach 3 (purple) is from West Evans Ave to West Yale Ave.............................. 2 Figure 2. Comparison of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ (USACE) Six-Step Planning Process and NEPA Process ................................................................................................. 3 Figure 3. Example cross sections of a non-incised and undisturbed stream (top graphic) and an incised, restricted channel with no ecological floodplain (bottom graphic). Photos derived from Nebraska Stream Condition Assessment Procedure (as cited in Gilbert et al., 2012). ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Figure 4. Aerial view of South Platte River, present day. Left picture: approximately 75 miles downstream of the study area in Kersey, Colorado compared to right picture: approximately 1 mile downstream of study area in Denver, Colorado. The view on the left is resonant with the natural condition of the river and what it once resembled in the study area. Note the meandering, sinuous channel with sandbar formation, side channels and a wide riparian buffer. .................................................................................................. 5 Figure 5. Representative vegetation characteristic of Reach 1. Photo taken standing in-stream, oriented upstream looking southwest on the west bank. Note the prevalence of a native sandbar willow understory and invasive Siberian elm overstory as well as desiccated vegetation along river, indicating the normal drift line disturbance ................................... 6 Figure 6. A sandbar willow (Salix exigua)/mesic graminoid shrubland community (photo derived from Carsey et al. 2003). This riparian forested community would be typical of habitat historic to the study area prior to upstream water impoundment and urbanization. Communities such as this provide diverse and necessary habitat for migrating birds ....... 9 Figure 7. Left photo: Ute ladies’-tresses (photo credit: Delia Malone, derived from CNHP, Colorado rare plant guide); top right photo: Preble’s meadow jumping mouse (photo derived from the Colorado Observer); bottom right photo: Colorado butterfly plant (photo derived from USFWS, Endangered Species). ................................................................... 10 Figure 8. Black rosy-finch (Leucosticte atrata). Colorado species of concern, meaning, they are at risk due to declining population trends, threats to their habitat and have restricted distribution. Photo derived from Montana Field Guide (2010). ....................................... 12 Figure 9. Local environmental and recreational restoration project along the South Platte River in downtown Denver ............................................................................................................. 13 Figure 10. Section 1135 in Colfax, approximately 4 miles downstream of South Platte Valley Section 1135. Top photo is prior to construction. Middle and bottom photos, post construction show widened channel, wetland benching and initial seeding. Connectivity between previously constructed projects provides for improved transportation corridors for wildlife. ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 11. NWI map of existing wetlands and water resources in the study area (Source: USFWS Wetlands Data Mapper). Note no NWI wetlands exist adjacent to the South Platte River within the study area. The PUBGx are treatment lagoons at Xcel. .................................. 23 Figure 12. Drop structures within the study area. The Aqua Golf Intake drop structure was modified in 2015 and grade elevation was reduced by placing four additional drop ii structures upstream of the existing structure. Overland and Xcel drop structures have not been modified.................................................................................................................... 26 Figure 13. Drop structures within the study area currently serving as impediments to fish passage. Left picture is the Overland drop structure in Reach 1 and
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