Getting to Know LentsGetting to Know Lents: A Thematic Atlas of HealthyA Thematic EatingAtlas of Healthy and Eating Active and Active Living Living Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Getting to Know Lents: A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living
Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Acknowledgements
This project was made possible by Portland State University spring and summer capstone students 2008 in conjunction with Community Health Partnership: Oregon’s Public Health Institute.
Spring 2008 Capstone Summer 2008 Capstone Community Partners Allison Adcox Ben Blessing 1000 Friends of Oregon Oregon Coalition for Marina Carter Preston Brookfield Active Living by Design Promoting Physical Allen Davis Valerie DePan American Heart Association Activity Jonathan Gray Sarah Egan Bureau of Planning Portland Development Devon Kelley Rory Hammock Coalition for a Livable Commission Lyn Kirby Brandon Jones Future Portland Office of Yu-Ching Liu Nick Jones Community Health Transportation Meg Merrick Troy Kenyon Partnership Portland Parks and Nick Nicholson James Kerridge Growing Gardens Recreation Steven Zach Owen Meg Merrick Kelly Elementary SUN Portland State University Blake Shepard Derrak Richard Program Portland/Multnomah Food Simon Skiles Michael Russell Lents Food Group Council Blia Xiong Hiroko Segawa Lents Neighborhood Robert Wood Johnson Blair Whiteman Association Foundation Marshall High School Wattles Boys and Girls Club Northwest Health Zenger Farm Foundation
Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Contents
Mission Statement Acknowledgements...... 4 Created through a lens of healthy eating and active Background on Community Health ...... 6 Why Place (Lents) Matters: Building a Movement for living, this atlas is intended to describe the historical Healthy Communities...... 7 richness and importance of the Lents community and Lents History...... 8 exhibit significant projects and programs in the area. Urban Renewal Context...... 10 Community Development Corporations & the Portland Development Commission ...... 11 Programs and Projects...... 12 SUN Program...... 12 Zenger Farm...... 12 Community Gardens...... 13 Growing Gardens...... 13 Kelly GROW...... 13 Transportation...... 14 Active Transportation...... 15 Safe Routes To School (SR2S) & Bike Safety Programs...... 16 Demograph and Infrastructure Context: Safety Projects...... 16 Race and Ethnicity...... 26 Youth Bike Safety Club Program...... 16 Crime Statistics in Lents...... 29 Lents WALKS!...... 17 Employment and Sales Distribution ...... 30 Parks and Greenspaces...... 19 Current Land Use...... 32 Springwater Corridor Trail Projects...... 20 Zoning...... 33 Conclusion...... 22 Existing Food Options...... 38
Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Background on Community Health
According to the report, A Healthy Active Oregon, public health practitioners For more information about this report and health statistics for Oregonians visit: generally agree that there is a connection between the environment that people http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/pan/docs/PAN_report-plan07.12.web.pdf live in and their opportunities for healthy lifestyles. Increasing opportunities The growing movement for healthy communities holds great promise. for healthy eating and active living requires taking a Engagement, leadership, and a commitment to change will holistic look at the factors that impact community improve communities and allow people to live healthier “One key factor in fighting health, such as neighborhood demographics, local lives. In order to better understand the factors that help foodscapes, natural areas and greenspaces, walkability, obesity and chronic diseases build and sustain community and individual health, it and community safety. Below are some recent trends involves a comprehensive is critical to know the barriers that negatively affect a affecting health. approach addressing not neighborhood. Why Place Matters provides an excellent • Long hours of sitting in office jobs individuals and individual overview of aspects that affect communities, both negatively • Increased elevator availability, which has reduced behaviors per se, but and positively. According to this document, developing stair usage environments and settings strategies for healthier communities requires understanding • Decreased physical education in schools due to where children and adults bot h people and the places in which they live. cutbacks spend a significant part This atlas describes some of the work of the Lents • Television and computer usage outpacing active of their days – in schools, neighborhood Healthy Eating Active Living initiative, outdoor activities for leisure time work sites, the home, the which is directed by Noelle Dobson of the Community Health Partnership, Oregon’s Public Health Institute. • Less walking and biking due to easy access to modes community, in health of transportation such as automobiles and transit systems. care systems and the built environments. Such an Factors contributing to negative health impacts and obesity include poor eating habits, high blood pressure, effort reinforces healthy diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. A Healthy Active behaviors in many settings Oregon identifies the following contributing factors: throughout the day for wide • Availability of fast food restaurants numbers of people.” • Convenience stores –A Healthy Active Oregon • Vending machines with few healthy selections • Higher consumption of unhealthy foods high in sugar, fat and calories Facts • Nearly 26% of adults eat half of the daily recommended amount of fruits and vegetables per • An increase in the consumption of sweetened beverages such as soda pop and flavored juice (not day. 100% juice) has led to obesity. • Between 2001 and 2005, a downward trend in fruit and vegetable consumption was found • Soft drink consumption has tripled since 1978 (Source: Institute of Medicine). when comparing students from 8th grade and 11th grade. Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Why Place (Lents) Matters: Building a Movement for Healthy Communities
The most important number in your life may be your address. A number of CO2 emissions are highest and most concentrated along freeways. Many recent recent empirical studies have shown that where you live often determines how studies have shown direct links between living near a freeway and lung-related you live. Some factors affecting lifestyle choices and health are listed below. diseases, especially asthma. People of color, immigrants, the underprivileged, and Positive low-wage earners have greater chances of living Legend near freeways or busy roads. • Nearby parks and playgrounds Lents • Living wages Highways This atlas focuses on healthy eating and Population Per Acre active living in Lents, the most southeastern • Good health care delivery Less than 3 • Social ties among neighbors neighborhood in Portland, Oregon. Its borders 3 - 6.9 are SE Powell Blvd.., 82nd Ave., Clatsop St., and • Grocery stores selling nutritious foods 7 - 10.9 11 - 14.9 112th Ave. Negative 15 and over Why Lents? The Outer Southeast Community • Living near a freeway Plan, adopted January 1996 as part of Portland’s • Auto dependency Comprehensive Plan, creates a framework for • High crime rates a 26-mile area designated “the Southeast.” The • Inadequate sidewalks in high foot-traffic southeast region includes about one-fifth of areas I-5 Portland’s population and housing. It has large The negative factors tend to lead to obesity, pockets of undeveloped land and industrial diabetes, asthma, heart disease, and high sites, including 20 acres that the Freeway Land blood pressure. I-84 Company owns south of Foster Rd. I-205 Obese youth with sedentary lifestyles and Lents is near regional shopping centers and poor eating habits are more likely to be contains several parks. It also houses major heavy as adults and suffer disproportionately recreational and natural resources, such as the from obesity and related chronic diseases, Johnson Creek Watershed and an underutilized such as diabetes and congestive heart part of the Springwater Corridor Trail (a 40-mile failure (Source: The Oregon Health Policy pedestrian and bicycle path loop inspired by Commission Report). the 1903 Olmsted and Parkway and Boulevard Plan). Above all, Lents is strategically located, having superior auto- and freight-transportation accessibility.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 1990 & 2000 Facts • The population in Portland totals 2.2 million (Source: Population Research Center, Portland State • During the 1990s, the Lents neighborhood grew by about 21% to more than 15,000 residents. University). By 2004, the population had jumped to more than 23,000 residents. (Source: Daily Journal of Commerce).
Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Lents History
• Founded in 1882 by Oregon Trail Pioneer, Oliver P. Lent • Originally called the “Town of Lent” • The first steam railway was brought into Lents in 1892 by the Lent family
• Annexed by City of Portland in 1912 Lents Junction (circa 1892)
“Lents was a pioneer town which was annexed into Portland in the early 20th century but which maintains its own sense of identity and separate history. The story of early white settlers in Lents is the story of the Oregon Trail, federal land grants, and building a society from scratch.”
The Lents neighborhood has a rich history in its social and cultural contexts as well as its The above map shows that even in 1860, the Lents community was formed Lents Post Office(1886-1917) natural history. The original around critical roadways. The development of these pathways has continued boundaries of the “Town of to shape and affect this community over the course of history. The map shows Lents” were at SE Foster Rd., that Lents has always been a critical intersection of transit; hence, a critical SE Duke St., SE 92nd Ave, and hub of commerce. Neighborhoods close to major highways, like Lents, can suffer from respiratory problems and are hindered by their presence. Lents has been SE 97th Ave. with Foster Road affected by this, especially with I-205 running straight through the community. serving as a critical arterial and Instead of an seeing the highway as an obstruction, the community has seen pathway connecting Lents directly it as an opportunity to transform the area into a landmark that will act as to downtown Portland. a gateway into the Lents neighborhood. Ideas that have been entertained for this upcoming project include water features, such as a water retention pond that would take in much of the water runoff from surrounding streets and highways, and landscape changes that may include various lighting techniques underneath or around the I-205 overpass (Source: Portland Tribune). Lents School (circa 1900) Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living POWELL The community of Lents is a short distance from rich farmlands to the PO WE southeast and Foster Road. Foster Road was a farm-to-market road named LL ! DOWNTOWN POafterRTLA PhilipND Foster, a pioneer who lived and operated a farm to the southeast near Estacada (
D prime location, Lents is scheduled to be TriMet’s next stop as part of its South
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1 WOODSTOCK POWELL This mapA shows,rteria lsat the neighborhood scale, how I-205 bisects the Lents neighborhood down the P OW EL middle running from north to south with Foster road running east and west. Historically, Lents L DOWNTOWN F Minor Streets ! OST PORTLAND ER has been shaped by the decisions made related to transportation planning. When comparing the CENTRAL neighborhoodMAX scale map to the historical map (previous page), it becomes evident that the current EASTSIDE pathways! MforA I-205X Sta tandion Foster Road are located near historic trade routs and major thoroughfares.
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MT SCOTT C I- O 2 LU 0 M 5 B In September 1998, the City Council established a Lents Town Center Urban IA
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E Y 8 E 2 Urban Renewal AF rea R 24 S S UNNY E SIDE • Inner Powell Boulevard Streetscape Plan (PDOT) Urban RenewaNl Areas KRUSE O A O B • Johnson Creek Flood Mitigation & Habitat Restoration (BES) 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 Miles • Lents Town Center Plan Amendment Study • Lents Town Center: Assurety NW • Lighting and Pathway Improvements at Parks • Neighborhood Street Paving Program (PDC) • SE 92nd and Harold • Springwater Corridor Trail Improvements Urban Renewal Context • Zenger Farm Renovation With the completion of the Outer Southeast Community Plan, Lents The commission has completed a final study for the Lents Town Center Neighborhood Plan, and Lents Revitalization Plan, community stakeholders Plan Amendment, which recommends the URA, set to close in 2015, be worked together to craft short- and long-term objectives for public and private extended through 2020. In addition, the PDC wants to increase the maximum partners to guide an ambitious and comprehensive neighborhood development indebtedness for the area from $75 million to $240 million. The study, which agenda. As a designated “Town Center,” the future of Lents is also an took a year to compile, was collaboration between the PDC and the citizen-led important component of the Metro 2040 Framework Plan. Urban Renewal Area Advisory Group.
10 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Community Development Corporations (CDCs) & the Portland Development Commission (PDC) Throughout Lents, a number of CDCs have invested in the redevelopment and creation of the neighborhood’s housing stock. These corporations, including POWELL HOST, Rose, and Habitat for Humanity, have helped improve the physical environment and overall livability of Lents. These CDCs are local non-profits, and receive funding for their improvement projects from private donations, the Federal government, and the Portland Development Commission (PDC). The PDC has also done some serious work in the Lents neighborhood (as well
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MAX Green Line HOST(Home Ownership One Street at a Time) Kelly Elementary MAX Stop Habitat For Humanity Portland Community Land Trust Lents Intl. Farmers Market Public Parks Assurety NW Public Facilities
Fire Station No. 11 Lents Towncenter
PDC Owned Property Lents Urban Renewal Area
11 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Programs and Projects A number of programs and projects promoting healthy eating and active living have been or are planned to be initiated in Lents, as described in the following pages. They were crafted with consideration to the environment, economics, safety, and social issues – all key factors in quality equitable living. International Farmers Market In its second season, the Lents International Farmers Market is dubbed “international” because it offers many foods and products produced by Lents’ diverse community. More than 40% of the market’s vendors are immigrants including Hmong, Turkish, and Africans. The market is located on SE 92nd and Foster and is open every Sunday from 9 am to 2 pm, June 15th through October 12th. Lents International Farmers Market SUN Program The Schools Uniting Neighborhood (SUN) program promotes healthy eating habits at Kelly Elementary School and Marshall High School in cooperation with many community partners. The program works with Growing Gardens to hold Farmers Market sessions of the Garden Club, which teaches children where their food comes from, Vendor Locations the importance of eating high nutrition foods, and how to grow their own foods. Zenger Farm Zenger Farm is located in the LTC URA and offers a Youth Education program. Friends of Zenger Farm, a non-profit organization, leases four acres of Zenger Farm’s 16-acre lot to hold summer youth camps. These week-long camps teach children healthy eating habits through harvesting and cooking their own food.
More than 16 native Languages are spoken at the Lents International Farmers Market. Major languages spoken include: English 72.3 percent Spanish 8.1 percent Indo-European 9.7 percent Key Asian 9.2 percent Lents Intl. Farmers Market Other 0.7 percent Vendors
12 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Community Gardens The community gardens program was developed in 1975 to provide urban residents the physical and social benefits of gardening. These gardens offer the community an opportunity to be healthy and improve nutrition while Boyles Community Garden providing a forum to break down the isolation of neighbors and bridge social capital. The community gardens in Lents are open to the public, divided into individual plots, and tended in a communal fashion. They have had a synergistic effect on the neighborhood by connecting neighbors, providing Lents Community Garden opportunities for social gatherings, and encouraging residents to grow and share their own food. There are total of 30 community gardens located throughout the city two of which are within the Lents neighborhood. These are located at Lents Park and Earl Boyles Park and were developed in 1976 and 2007, respectively. Zenger Farm Growing Gardens Growing Gardens began as the Portland Home Garden Project in 1996. Its mission is to promote home-scaled organic food gardens in order to improve nutrition, health and self reliance while enhancing the quality of life and the environment for individuals and communities in Portland. In 2000, Growing Gardens began offering a service learning program for Key Youth GROW after school clubs at Kelly Elementary, Wattles Boys and Girls Lents Intl. Farmers Market Club, and Summer Garden field trips. This program facilitates gardening and nutrition education by using an on-site vegetable garden to show the Community Gardens importance of healthy eating. Growing Gardens: Home Gardens As of 2008, Growing Gardens has provided gardens to 17 families in the Lents Zenger Farm community and continues to support them through ongoing education and technical assistance. These gardens are intended to help decrease the risk of Public Parks & Open Space food insecurity in low income households in Lents. Lents Boundary Kelly GROW The Kelly GROW program creates an integrated systems approach to with Kelly GROW can earn a home garden or commuter bicycle. Partners include: prevention of childhood obesity through an after-school program that teaches Kelly Elementary, Growing Gardens, Community Center, Bicycle Transportation active, healthy lifestyles to 4th and 5th graders at Kelly Elementary. Elements Alliance, and Community Health Partnerships. of the program include Youth GROW gardening and nutrition, Earn-A-Bike safety, pedestrian safety, and community mapping. Parents who volunteer
13 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Ã)"
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!! Ã)" !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! )"! ! ! !! ! )"!! ! ! !! ! ! The Max Green Light Rail (I-205/South Corridor Project/Portland Milwaukie) will open in 2009 and a station, ! ! ! pictured above, will be located in Lents Town Center. !! ! ! ! !!! !! ! !! !! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! !! !! !! !! ! ! )" Transportation ! !! ! )" ! ! An important planning objective is to decrease reliance on automobile travel. ! Ã)" ! This should reduce traffic congestion and air pollution. Metro’s 2040 Growth ! ! ! !! Concept encourages the use of public transportation, walking, and bicycling. !! ! !! More intense commercial and mixed-use developments are promoted to ! ! ! ! ! !!! )" ! improve the pedestrian environment in the regional and town centers and ! ! ! around the MAX Light Rail stations (Source: Summary of 2040 Growth Concept, Metro). !! ! “Due to its Town Center Designation, Lents will receive !! new light rail (MAX) service commencing in 2009. This Mass Transit Options $500 million regional investment will benefit Lents ! Bus stop significantly because four of the seven new stations along !!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! the seven mile route, between Clackamas Town Center Bus route !Ã)" and the Gateway Transit Center, are in Lents. Portland’s !! Ã)" MAX station ! transportation system is recognized as one of the most ! efficient in the U.S. Adding Lents to the network will MAX line !! ! 1/4 mile walking distance ! connect the it to downtown and the airport. As in other ! !!)" ! ! areas of Portland, extensions of light rail and street car ! School service have resulted in new investment, transit-oriented Parks/greenspaces development (TOD) and appreciating property values.” !
Source: PDC 14 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living HOLGATE
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15 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Safe Routes To School (SR2S) & Bike Safety Programs Youth Bike Safety Club Program Brief History A program that promotes safe and active living is the Youth Bike Safety Club With the passing of House Bill 3712, Oregon adopted the SR2S program program. Community Cycling Center and the SUN after school programs offers in 2001. The goal of the bill was to have cities and counties work with the this free 12-session class to low-income youth ages 9-12 at eight Portland area schools to find safe and friendly routes to walk or bike to school. Before these elementary schools. Two of these schools are located in the Lents neighborhood routes can be established, barriers to safety in the area must be identified. The (Lent and Kelly) are recipients of this program. The students are instructed about community and local business can then work to remove these barriers. bicycle safety and repair, and participate in supervised group bicycle rides. Upon successful completion of the course, students are rewarded with their own bicycle Safety Projects and safety gear. This course has a high success rate: approximately 90% of students Sidewalk improvements have been made along SE 92nd Ave. to facilitate a complete the course and earn bicycles. This program works well in conjunction safer walking environment. Bicycle lanes were also added in order to connect with the Safe Routes to School program by creating safe ways to arrive at school existing, non-continuous bike lanes in the Lents’ neighborhood. along with promoting physical activity for children. Safety
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The City of Portland Safer Routes To School program strongly encourages parents to walk and/or bike with your students initially, to explore the safest path from your home to your school. If you see safety 0 0.25 0.5 Miles problems along the identified safer routes, please contact Lore Wintergreen, City of Portland Safer Routes To Schools Coordinator: 503.823.2304 or [email protected] .
City of Portland Office of Transportation National Facts Oregon Facts • 20-30% of morning traffic is parents taking their kids to school. • 81% of eighth-graders reported riding a bike in the last year and only 22% said they always wore a • 50% of children hit by cars near schools are hit by other parents of students. helmet when they rode. • 51% of trips in a vehicle is under ½ a mile in distance. • In 2001 58.9% of eleventh-graders reported spending zero days in physical education classes (Source: SR2S Toolkit). 16 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living DIVISION Lents WALKS! DIVISIO N DIVISION DIVISION
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P Participants received several incentives for participation and to promote future Marshall HS physical activity. An incentive packet included: • A pedometer, • Local walking and biking maps, HOLGATE FO S • A coupon book for local businesses, TE R • Information about local organizations and events, and
Lent ES • A physical activity calendar and log book.
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7 O F D - U - Y reflective wrist wristbands handed out during the Keeping Safe Walk. I Zenger Farm P 2 WOODS H T 0 OCK L W
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17 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living “Healing the broken bond between our young Lents Park Bloomington Park and nature is in our self interest, not only because aesthetics or justice demands it, but also because our mental, physical and spiritual health depends on it.”
–Richard , Author, Last Child in Earl Boyles Park the Woods Lents Park Gazebo
Earl Boyles Park Johnson Creek
18 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Parks and Greenspaces Creating a healthy environment is a culmination of all the factors that make up the framework for a healthy community. Clean water and air, the presence of sidewalks, access to parks, safe streets, and quality housing all contribute to a healthy neighborhood. Park Improvements Earl Boyles, Raymond, and Lents Parks have all had major improvements to help create a healthier and more sustainable environment for the people in and around Lents. Access to Green Spaces Spanning 7.85 acres, Earl Boyles Park is located on the south side of Earl Park Boyles Elementary School. Improvements and renovations made to the park Open space include: Cemetery • sidewalks, Schoolyard Access to Green Spaces Stadium • curbs, Community Garden Park • pathways, MAX Open space • park lighting, I-205 Cemetery • a play area, 1/4 Mile Access to Parks Schoolyard • a water spray feature, Outside of 1/4 Mile Walk Area • landscaping, Stadium • irrigation, Community Garden • picnic tables, Access to Green Spaces MAX • benches, and a restroom enclosure. Park Miles I-205 Lents Park has also seen many improvements including new paths, lighting, Open space 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 1/4 Mile Access to Parks and numerous field and stadium improvements, which caters to the very Cemetery Outside of 1/4 Mile Walk Area popular Lents Little League. Schoolyard Stadium Improving these parks is consistent with meeting the goals and objectives to Community Garden increase neighborhood livability. These facilities are within walking and biking MAX distance, providing an attractive destination for recreation in the middle of a I-205 busy residential neighborhood.
Access to Green Spaces 1/4 Mile Access to Parks Park Miles Open space Cemetery Outside of 1/4 Mile Walk Area Schoolyard Stadium 0 0.125 0.25 Community Garden 0.5 MAX I-205 1/4 Mile Access to Parks Outside of 1/4 Mile Walk Area 19 Getting to Know Lents Miles A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living
0 0.125 0.25 0.5 Miles
0 0.125 0.25 0.5 Springwater Corridor Trail Projects Barriers Lents Springwater Corridor Trailhead Assess- ment Survey History Due to some barriers, the Trail’s potential as a neighborhood asset hasn’t fully been realized, but In 2006, in an effort to improve access to and The Springwater Corridor Trail is a 40-mile volunteers, community organizations, and public raise awareness of the Springwater Corridor Trail loop through, part of which goes through the agencies are teaming up to address them. These in Lents, Portland Parks & Recreation contracted southeastern part of the Portland Metro Area. barriers include, but are not limited to, a long history work with ALTA Planning & Design to identify The trail was originally part of a commuter rail of illegal dumping, the perception, by some, that the sites where new trailheads could potentially be line, founded in 1903, that had fallen into disuse. trail is unsafe, and the poor condition of portions of developed. The survey included consideration of Since 1990, the City of Portland has acquired the Corridor. existing conditions surrounding the trail such as more and more portions of the corridor. The trail zoning, transportation networks, environmental first opened in 1996, and today has almost no Lents Springwater Habitat Restoration Project conditions, and land ownership. Three sites were remaining gaps (http://www.40mileloop.org/trail_ This project was a volunteer effort to restore native eventually settled on. The hope is that they will springwatercorridor.htm). flora and clean up the trail, especially the left over improve connectivity to the trail, tie into existing Geographical Context effects of nearly a century of use as a rail right circulation routes, highlight the presence of of way. The project was made possible through Running roughly east to west, the Springwater Johnson Creek and other historical features of the a collaborative effort made by local residents Corridor bisects the Lents neighborhood, allowing neighborhood, provide a safe, comfortable park (especially the children of Lents), Portland Parks and bicyclists, pedestrians, equestrians, and wheelchair experience, and become centers of neighborhood Recreation, the Portland Bureau of Environmental users to move through the neighborhood and activity. Services, and various other agencies and non- beyond. The Corridor was designed to be both profit organizations. Since the its inception in functional and scenic. It provides access to Beggar’s 1995, the project has removed countless yards of Tick Wildlife Refuge and the I-205 bike path, and debris, garbage, and invasive plant species, while brings travelers close to the Brookside Natural Area simultaneously adding in soil amendments and (http://www.portlandonline.com/parks/finder/index. planting around 35,000 native species of trees and cfm?action=ViewPark&PropertyID=679). shrubs.
Johnson Creek An example of poor access to the Bikers along the Springwater Corridor Trail Springwater trail
20 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Boys and Girls Club
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21 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Conclusion
Lents is a neighborhood with a long and rich history, at times marked by periods of disinvestment, geographical disruption, and economic struggle. In response to these challenges, a variety of projects and programs spearheaded by a coalition of community activists, neighborhood residents, non-profit and profit organizations, governmental agencies, new approaches emphasizing economic development, infrastructure improvements and healthier lifestyles are being implemented.
22 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Demographic and Infrastructure Context
23 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Percent of Marshall High School Students on Free or Reduced Lunch Background Marshall High
Lents’ history dates back to the late 1800s and today is one 85%
of Portland’s last affordable places to live according to recent s t 80% n e
property values. However, a number of people who live in d 75% u t
Lents can’t afford to buy a home. The total household income S f 70% o
in Lents has not kept pace with today’s inflation. According to e
g 65% a school records, Lents’ school-aged children have the highest free t n
e 60% c and reduced lunch subsidies in Portland, a sobering indicator r e of poverty. Many of the buildings in Lents are dilapidated, P 55% neglected, and in danger of condemnation. Lent Elementary 50% School has been relocated four times. Its current location is 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year next to I-205, a fact that school administrators are criticized for Percent of Lent Elementary Students on Free or and a source of contention for asthma-related chronic health Reduced Lunch conditions. Lent Elementary Lents—a Community with a Future 85% s With the completion of the Outer Southeast Community Plan, the Lents Neighborhood t 80% n e
Plan, and the Lents Revitalization Plan, community stakeholders worked together to craft d
u 75% t short- and long-term objectives for public and private partnerships to guide an ambitious S f
o 70%
but long overdue comprehensive neighborhood development agenda. Because it is expected e g
a 65% to experience a population growth of over one million, Lents has been designated a “Town t n e
c 60%
Center.” Metro’s 2040 Framework Plan designates regional and town centers as growth areas r e and key transportation hubs in the region. This designation attracts economic investments. P 55% Lents is poised to receive roughly $500 million (Lents Town Center Urban Renewal Area, 50% Portland Development Commission). Portland’s City Council adopted the Lents Town Center 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Urban Renewal Area (LTCURA) in September 1998 to accomplish the goals of the community. Year Percent of Kelly Elementary School Students on Free Living-wage jobs and assistance to new and existing businesses (e.g., street improvements, park or Reduced Lunch upgrades, and housing stimulation) are a few of Lents’ goals planned or underway. However, it is often said, “Without your health, the rest is meaningless.” Kelly Elementary Lents is one of many communities receiving funding by a grant from the Active Living by 85% s t 80%
Design program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The goal of this program is to n e
“encourage changes in design, transportation, and policies to cultivate and support active living, d u 75% t S a way of life that integrates physical activity into daily routines” (activelivingbydesign.org/). f 70% o e
g 65% a t n
e 60% c r e
P 55%
50% 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Source: Portland Public Schools, 2007 24 Year Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Clark Co.
Multnomah Co.
Washington Co.
Portland by Neighborhood Census 2000: % Population in Poverty 0% - 6.2% 6.3% - 12.3% LENTS 12.4% - 18.5% Clackamas Co. 18.6% - 24.7% 24.8% - 30.8% 30.9% - 37%
0 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 Source: U.S. Census Bureau 1990 & 2000 modified by ONI Miles Facts • 15 percent of the residents in Lents live below the poverty line (Source: ONI) . • The average median household income is about $35,700 in Lents, compared to $45,800 in the whole Portland-Metro area (Source: U.S. Census Bureau). 25 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Race and Ethnicity Portland Elementary Schools' Ethnicity Distribution 1997 Portland became more racially and ethnically diverse during the 1900s. Between 1997 and 2007, the Portland Elementary Schools’ White population decreased as a percentage of the whole, while the African American population remained about Asian 8% the same, the Hispanic community nearly tripled in absolute numbers and more than doubled as a percentage of total population. The Asian population increased African nearly 38 percent, while Native Americans increased in number but fell slightly as a American percentage of the population (Source: Portland Public Schools). 17% Racial and ethnic minorities in the region have higher poverty rates—23% for African Americans, 16% for Native Americans, and 22% for Latinos, compared Hispanic 7% to 10% for Asians, and just under 8% for Whites (Source: The Regional Equity Atlas). Native White 66% American 2% “Regional equity is ultimately an issue of justice. In more practical terms, it means that the community doesn’t fully access its assets because people confront too many barriers in their lives, beginning with public education and leading civic participation.” —Lowell Greathouse, former Tools for Living Council Manager, United Way of the Columbia-Willamette Portland Elementary Schools' Ethnicity Distribution 2007
Multiple 3% Unspecified Asian 11% 1%
African American 16%
Hispanic 16% White 51% Native American 2%
Kelly Elementary | Youth Bike Safety Club
26 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Marshall High School 1997 - 2007 Distribution of Ethnicity
Marshall High 2007 Distribution of Ethnicity ! Native American Hispanic 2.7% Marshall High American 20.6%
Asian American 13.9% European AmericanWhite White 53.3% African American 8.5% ! Lent Elementary 1997 - 2007 Distribution of Ethnicity Lent Elementary Lent Elementary 1997 Distribution of Ethnicity Lent Elementary 2007 Distribution of Ethnicity Asian 9% African Multiple 4% Asian 14% American 2% African Hispanic American 10% 10%
Native White 35% American 1%
Native Hispanic 35% American 2% White 78%
! Kelly Elementary 1997 - 2007 Distribution of Ethnicity Kelly Elementary Kelly Elementary 1997 Distribution of Ethnicity Kelly Elementary 2007 Distribution of Ethnicity Asian African Multiple 6% Asian 12% American 7% African 2% Unspecified American Hispanic 1% 5% 7%
Hispanic Native 26% American 3%
White Native 82% White 47% American 2%
27 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Clark Co.
Multnomah Co.
Washington Co.
Portland by Neighborhood Census 2000: % Adults with less than a High School Diploma LENTS 0% - 3.3%
3.4% - 7.4% Clackamas Co. 7.5% - 15% 15.1% - 21.8% 21.9% - 32.3%
0 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 Source: U.S. Census Bureau 1990 & 2000 modified by ONI Miles Fact • 24 percent of Lents’ residents do not hold a high school diploma and 9.7 percent have less than a 9th-grade education. 28 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Crime Statistics in Lents Historically, Lents has been a low-income community, a condition that
H
T has encouraged high crime rates. Crime became bad enough to earn Lents
2
1 1 the monicker “Felony Flats.” People’s perception of crime influences their behaviors, including what they will do and when they will do it. According to the 2005 Portland Citizen Survey, Lents’ residents felt substantially less safe in their neighborhood and parks than the city averages. The primary locations Holgate and SE 82nd HOL Holgate and SE 100th for crime in Lents are along 82nd Avenue. Numerous renovations and improvements to the sidewalks and parks have helped to mitigate this ill effect on the community. With improved lighting and safer areas to walk, people’s perception of the neighborhood is changing from unsafe to safe. This creation of more “eyes on the street” should help deter crime from taking place.
Foster and SE 82nd
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Source: Crime Mapper 2008
29 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Construction Employment and Sales Distribution & Professional The percentages in figures 1 and 2 were derived from a detailed business and Services 23% Mfg. industry listing database called Reference USA. Reference USA data allow the 12% public to query addresses and information on businesses over various regions in the United States. Employers self-identified themselves using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), a statistical service implemented by the U.S. Census Bureau and designed to logically identify the type, size, financial status, and location of businesses within a given search area. Financial Institutions In the case of this study, data were requested from the 97266 zip code, which is comprised of the Lents neighborhood and parts of bordering neighborhoods. 11% Figure 1 illustrates the distribution of employment in the Lents neighborhood. General services represent the majority of jobs, while professional services are General the second largest category. The new construction, as part of the Urban Renewal Services 54% Figure 1: Lents Employer Distribution effort, will create new jobs and increase the economic opportunities that Lents has to offer. These improvements are beneficial for the community, adding to the neighborhood’s general livability. Annual sales data are included in the Reference USA database. In 2007, general services businesses generated the largest percentage of sales (49 percent) followed Construction & by professional services (30 percent) in the Lents neighborhood. Other services Contracting consisting of construction/manufacturing, professional services, and financial 12% institutions made up the remaining job base. Source: http://www.referenceusa.com/ Financial Institutions General Services 9% 49%
Professional Services 30%
Figure 2: Lents Sales Distribution
30 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Clark Co.
Multnomah Co.
Washington Co.
Portland By Neighborhood
Census 2000: Median Household Income $17,105 - $37,574 $37,575 - $44,284 LENTS $44,285 - $46,483 Clackamas Co. $46,484 - $53,193 $53,194 - $73,662 $73,663 - $136,102
0 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 Miles
31 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Current Land Use Max Green Line I-205 The role of planning and public health Land Use Industrial are interconnected and date back to Commercial the turn of the 20th Century. Since Manufacturing Parks then land-use and zoning goals have Single Family Residential altered how land is used. Early planning Vacant initiatives like the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 did not adequately foresee the future popularity of automobile use or take into account the long-term adverse affects that automobile-related Zenger Farm pollution and accidents would have on community health. Today’s communities are going back to the drawing board to find what works and what doesn’t. The story of Lents centers on health and the environment in an under-served neighborhood. Lents is a example of a community of people working together to provide a policy framework for development and includes residential, retail, open space, transportation and business related goals.
Max Green Line and I-205
Source: METRO: RLIS Files
Ararat Grocery Store and Bakery
32 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living
Zoning D
V Lents Generalized Zoning L
B CommDeIrVciIaSl ION
L Historically, the Lents neighborhood L
D
E Industrial
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2 W has had an agricultural, and later an
8
O Mixed Use Employment
P -
Y Multi Use Residential industrial manufacturing, base and W
F Parks/Open Space function. As the city of Portland
5
0 2
I Single Family Residential POWELL grew eastward, the zoning and Multi Family Residential land uses of Lents have changed to Lents Boundary include a network of employment, residential, and commercial uses. Today, Lents is a designated Urban Renewal Area with a relatively high level of vacant land parcels that are Residential housing in Lents Town Center available for redevelopment. F OS TE 5
R 0 The Lents Town Center is zoned
2
I
5 EX (Central Employment) with a
0
2 I design overlay. The design overlay indicates that Portland recognizes the cultural and historical significance W OO DS TO of Lents and therefore must meet CK the community design standards that are compatible with the existing neighborhood. The intent of the zoning designation and
design overlay will help Lents in its Eastport Plaza redevelopment as an urban renewal area by promoting healthy, efficient, and smart growth. ³ Source: METRO: RLIS Files
Earl Boyles Community Garden
33 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Home Values Single Family Residences Single Family Residences Year Built $170,000 and under Before 1935
2008 $170,001 - $230,000 1935 - 1963 $230,001 - $320,000 1964 - 1986 $320,001 - $470,000 1987 - 2008 Over $470,000 Vacant land Vacant land MAX line MAX line I-205 I-205
Source: Metro RLIS, 2008 Source: Metro RLIS, 2008
34 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Housing in Lents | Top row newer housing; bottom row older housing
35 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Clark Co.
Multnomah Co.
Washington Co.
Portland Neighborhood Rental Statistics Census 2000: LENTS % Occupied Units: Rentals 4.3% - 20% Clackamas Co. 20.1% - 40% 40.1% - 60% 60.1% - 80% 80.1% - 100%
0 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 Source: U.S. Census Bureau 1990 & 2000 modified by ONI Miles
Facts • In 2000, 45% of Lents’ residents were renters as opposed to home owners (Source: Office of • Lents has a higher proportion of vacancies than other parts of Portland. Neighborhood Involvement).
36 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Clark Co.
Multnomah Co.
Washington Co. Portland by Neighborhood Census 2000: Median Home Values $96,950 - $128,410 $128,411 - $140,033 $140,034 - $165,300 LENTS $165,301 - $184,840 Clackamas Co. $184,841 - $224,931 $224,932 - $279,143 $279,144 - $455,400
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 1990 & 2000 modified by ONI 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 Miles Fact • The average median property value in Lents was roughly $125,000 in 2000 (Source: U.S. Census Bureau 1990 & 2000). 37 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living Retail Food Outlets Convenience Store Ethnic Market POWELL Marshall HS Retail Bakery
1
0
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HOLGATE Fast Food Restaurant HOLGATE
FO ST ER Lent ES
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1 HAROLD HAROLD
WOODSTOCK I205 Existing Food Options Although there are several full service grocery stores at
DUKE FOSTER the northeast boundary of the Lents neighborhood, it is clear from this map that they are relatively inaccessible to community members without access to a car. On the Kelly ES other hand, convenience stores are well distributed. In addition, there is a large number of fast food restaurants close to Marshall High School. Unhealthy food options FLAVEL tend to promote diets low in nutrients and high in fat FLAVEL and calories. The Lents neighborhood has taken steps to promote healthier eating by initiating changes in its food environment. The addition of the Lents International Farmers Market and the push by community members LUTHER for a new grocery store are two examples.
D
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N 2 0 0.25 0.5 1 9 Miles JOHNSON CREEK Source: ReferenceUSA, 2008
38 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living For more information please contact: Noelle Dobson, Community Health Partnership, [email protected] Meg Merrick, Institute of Portland Metropolitan Studies, PSU, [email protected]
39 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living 40 Getting to Know Lents A Thematic Atlas of Healthy Eating and Active Living