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Studies on Lophiostomataceous Fungi from Xinjiang, China1

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Studies on Lophiostomataceous Fungi from Xinjiang, China1 ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Sydowia Jahr/Year: 1994 Band/Volume: 46 Autor(en)/Author(s): Yuan Zi qing, Zhao Zhen yu Artikel/Article: Studies on lophiostomataceous fungi from Xinjiang, China. 162-184 ©Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., Horn, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Studies on lophiostomataceous fungi from Xinjiang, China1 Zi-qing Yuan & Zhen-yu Zhao August 1st Agricultural College, Urumqi, 830052, China Yuan, Z.Q. & Z.Y. Zhao (1994). Studies on lophiostomataceous fungi from Xinjiang, China. - Sydowia 46 (1): 162-184. A floristic investigation was conducted on the lophiostomataceous fungi in Xinjiang, China. Ten species and seven varieties of the genus Lophiostorna, one variety of Lophiotrema and one species of Navicella are treated. Lophiostoma glaciale var. tianshanicum, L. minosporum, L. macrostomum var. exappendicu- latum, L. muriforme, L. quadrinucleatum var. curvatum, Lophiotrema nucula var. heterosporum, and Navicella xinjiangensis are proposed as new taxa. Seven species and four varieties of the genus Lophiostoma are recorded for the first time from China. Keywords: Taxonomy, Lophiostomataceae, Lophiostoma, Platystomum Lo- phiotrema, Navicella. The Lophiostomataceae (Ascomycetes, Pleosporales) is most readily recognized by black, carbonaceous ascomata that have a vertically flattened or ridge-like apex opening by a preformed slit. Comprehensive taxonomic treatments of the family have been published by Chesters & Bell (1970), Holm & Holm (1988) and Barr (1992). Earlier accounts on the family are found in Ellis & Everh. (1892), Munk (1957) and Dennis (1968). The traditional concept of the family Lophiostomataceae is artificial, and several genera, including Navicella, have been moved to other families of different orders (Eriksson, 1981; Barr, 1990). For practical reasons, however, the family is treated here in its original broad sense and the classifications of Holm & Holm (1988) applied to Swedish species is followed. Lophiostomataceous fungi are poorly known in China. Only three species, Lophiostoma compressum (Pers.: Fr.) Ces. & De Not., Navi- cella pileata (Tode: Fr.) Fabre (as Lophiostoma excipuliforme (Fr.) Ces. & De Not.), and Schizostoma pachythele (Berk. & Br.) Sacc, have so far been recorded (Eriksson & Yue, 1988). The present study is part 1 A Fund for Excellent Young University Teachers, State Education Commission, China 162 ©Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., Horn, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at of a program of monographic studies on the mycobiota of the Xinjiang Region (Province) in far northwest China. Materials and methods Descriptions of each species or variety treated in this paper are based on freshly collected material, or on collections preserved in the Herbarium of Mycology, August 1st Agricultural College, Xinjiang (HMAAC), where all specimens are now deposited. The specimens were collected in the Central Tianshan Mountain (CTM) near Urumqi and in West Tianshan Mountain (WTM) near Hazakhstan, about 1400-2300 m above sea level. In addition, few collections were made in the South Zhongger (Jungger) Basin (SZB), a desert area. The Tianshan Mountain runs across the center of Xinjiang, dividing Xinjiang into the northern and southern parts. The mountain has a temperate semiarid climate, with a maximum annual precipitation of 600 mm and with a spruce dominated vegetation in its west and central parts. The Zhongger Basin in northern Xinjiang has an average elevation of 500 m, with a temperate arid climate and an annual precipitation below 200 mm. The vegetation is sparse in this area with Haloxylon, Calligonum, Reaumuria, and Tamarix as the main elements of the vegetation. Microscopic examination of the specimens was performed on squash mounts and thin median sections. Fresh material was mounted in Shear's mounting fluid (Dhingra & Sinclair, 1985) and Melzer's reagent, while the dry material was first rehydrated by soaking it in 5% KOH. Fifty mature ascospores for each species, or 100 for new taxa were measured, and arithmetic means calculated. Descriptive part Only three genera, Lophiostoma, Lophiotrema and Navicella were collected during this survey. The following modified key to these genera is based on that of Holm & Holm (1988). Key to genera of the Lophiostomataceae of Xinjiang 1 Spore septa thickened, lumina lenticular Navicella 1* Not so 2 2 Spores 1-3-septate, hyaline; ascomatal peridium of "Lophio- trema-type* " Lophiotrema 2* Spores 1-pluriseptate or muriform, hyaline to dark brown; asco- matal peridium of "Lophiostoma- type*" Lophiostoma * Fide Holm & Holm (1988), see text for definition. 163 ©Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., Horn, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Lophiostoma Ces. & De Not. (nom. cons.) The genus Lophiostoma was erected by Cesati & De Notaris in 1863 to accommodate several species without typification. Later, Holm (1975) selected L. macrostomum as type of the genus. At one time or the other almost all pyrenocarpous ascomycetes that opened by a slit were included in Lophiostoma (Holm & Holm, 1988). While there is no uniform definition for the genus, we are following the concept proposed by Holm & Holm (1988): "Ascomata immersed-erumpent, generally with a distinct, flattened neck, opening by a slit-like ostiole. Peridium often of the "Lophiostoma-type": peridium not of uniform thickness but broader laterally at base, up to 50 urn, and here composed of several layers parallel, long, prismatic cells. Asci mostly clavate, bitunicate. Pseudoparaphyses branched, with sparse septa. Spores 1-septate, pluriseptate or muriform, hyaline to dark brown, often with terminal appendages, but without mucous sheath. Saprophytic on woody as well as herbaceous plants, including grasses." Key to the species and varieties of Lophiostoma in Xinjiang 1 Spores hyaline 2 1 * Spores brown 5 2 Spores 1-septate, at least whilst still within ascus 3 2* Spores with 3-5 septa, narrowly fusiform L. myriocarpum 3 Spores with terminal appendages 4 3* Spores without terminal appendages L. macrostomum var. exappendiculatum 4 Appendages ca.3-4 urn long, spores 22-32 X 6-7 um L. macrostomum 4* Appendages (4-)6-10 urn long, spores 34-44 x 5-7 um L. glaciate var. tianshanicum 5 Spores with transverse septa only 6 5* Spores also with longitudinal septa 14 6 All or most spores with 3 septa 7 6* Most spores with 5 or more septa 9 7 Spores uniformly 3-septate, subclavate or fusiform.... L. calligoni 7* Spores mostly 3(-5)-septate, ellipsoid to broadly fusiform 8 164 ©Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., Horn, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 8 Spores 18-26 x 7-8 um, straight, mostly ellipsoid L. quadrinucleatum var. triseptatum 8* Spores 28-34 x 8-10 um, curved, mostly broadly fusiform L. quadrinucleatum var. curvatum 9 Spores appendiculate 10 9 * Spores not appendiculate 11 10 Spores mostly with 5 septa L. caulium var. c 10* Spores mostly with 7 septa L. caulium var. d 11 Most spores distinctly caudate L. caudatum 11* Not so 12 12 On herbaceous plants, spores with up to 9 septa L. prominens 12* On woody plants, spores with up to 7 septa 13 13 Spores >25 pm mostly with 7 septa L. macrostomoides 13* Spores <25 urn mostly with 5 septa L. caulium var. e 14 All spores with numerous oblique longitudinal septa L. muriforme 14* Most spores with 1-3 longitudinal septa 15 15 Spores subclavate, yellow to light brown L. curtum 15* Spores ellipsoid or ellipsoid-oblong, brown to deep brown 16 16 Spores 12-18 x 5-6 (-8) urn, mostly with 3 transverse septa, ellipsoid L. minosporum 16* Spores (14-)19.5-28 x 6.3-8 um, mostly with 5 transverse septa, ellipsoid-oblong L. compressum 1. Lophiostoma calligoni B. Kravtz., Collect, of Pap. on Crypt, of Kazakhst. 9: 40. 1961. - Fig. 46. Ascomata scattered to confluent, semi-immersed in decorticated branches, subglobose, 0.3-0.6 mm diam., with a com- pressed neck up to 0.05 mm high; peridium up to 40-60 um thick. - Asci 8-spored, clavate, with a short basal stalk, 90.5-115.5 x 12-14 urn. - Ascospores biseriate or obliquely uniseriate, subclavate, fusiform, deep yellow brown, uniformly 3-septate, slightly constricted at all septa, more distinctly at the middle septum, 16-24 x 6-8 (mean 20 x 7) urn. - Pseudoparaphyses abundant, simple, up to 180 um long and 2 um wide. 165 ©Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., Horn, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Habitat. - On branches of Calligonum leucocladum (Schrenk) Bge., desert brush, alt. 560 m. Material examined. - Xinjiang: Beishawo (SZB), Changji, on Calligonum leucocladum, I.V. 1991, Z.Y. Zhao & Z.Q. Yuan, HMAAC 731 & 732. 2. Lophiostoma caudatum Fabre, Ann. Sei. Nat. Bot., ser. 6, 9: 103. 1879.-Fig. 21. Syn.: Lophiostoma dacryosporum Fabre, Sph. Vaucl.: 103. 1878. Ascomata densely scattered, immersed to semi-immersed, globose, 0.35-0.48 mm diam., with a distinct, crested, but not much compressed neck up to 0.25 mm high; peridium of the typical "Lophiostoma-type" up to 50 urn thick. - Asci 8-spored, clavate, with a short basal stalk, 90-110 X 12 um. - Asc ospo r es biseriate, caudate or subclavate, brown, with 3-5 (mostly 3) transverse septa, basal cell ± caudate, lighter, 18-28 x 6-8 (mean 21 x 7) urn. - Pseudoparaphyses simple, 150x2 urn. Habitat. - On branches of Salix tianschanica Rgl., spruce forest, alt. 2100 m. Material examined.- Xinjiang: Nanshan (CTM), Urumqi, on Salix tianschanica, 4. VII. 1990, Z. Q. Yuan, HMAAC 684. In our collection L. caudatum was found associated with L. compressum and is recognized by its lower and less strongly compressed neck. 3. Lophiostoma caulium (Fr.) Ces. & De Not., Comm. Soc. Critt. Ital. 1:219.1863 Ascomata scattered to densely crowded, immersed to semi-immersed, globose, up to 0.5 (0.6) mm diam., neck compressed, crested, up to 0.25 mm high and 0.2 mm wide.
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