Archiv Für Naturgeschichte
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
7Fa228ee469dc6254b4b09b017
GBE Multigenomic Delineation of Plasmodium Species of the Laverania Subgenus Infecting Wild-Living Chimpanzees and Gorillas Weimin Liu1, Sesh A. Sundararaman1,2, Dorothy E. Loy1,2, Gerald H. Learn1,YingyingLi1, Lindsey J. Plenderleith3, Jean-Bosco N. Ndjango4, Sheri Speede5,RebecaAtencia6,DebbyCox6,7, George M. Shaw1,2, Ahidjo Ayouba8, Martine Peeters8,JulianC.Rayner9, Beatrice H. Hahn1,2,and Paul M. Sharp3,* 1Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania 2Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania 3Institute of Evolutionary Biology, and Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom 4Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo 5Sanaga-Yong Chimpanzee Rescue Center, IDA-Africa, Portland, Oregon 6Tchimpounga Chimpanzee Rehabilitation Center, Pointe-Noire, Republic of the Congo 7Africa Programmes, Jane Goodall Institute, Vienna, Virginia 8UMI 233, Institut de Recherche pour le De´veloppement (IRD), INSERM U1175, and University of Montpellier, France 9Malaria Programme, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted: May 24, 2016 Data deposition: This project has been deposited at NCBI GenBank under the accession numbers listed in supplementary table S5, Supplementary Material online. Abstract Plasmodium falciparum, the major cause of malaria morbidity and mortality worldwide, is only distantly related -
Some Remarks on the Genus Leucocytozoon
63 SOME REMAKES ON THE GENUS LEUCOCYTOZOON. BY C. M. WENYON, B.SC, M.B., B.S. Protozoologist to the London School of Tropical Medicine. NOTE. A reply to the criticisms contained in Dr Wenyon's paper will be published by Miss Porter in the next number of " Parasitology". A GOOD deal of doubt still exists in many quarters as to the exact meaning of the term Leucocytozoon applied to certain Haematozoa. The term Leucocytozoaire was first used by Danilewsky in writing of certain parasites he had found in the blood of birds. In a later publication he uses the term Leucocytozoon for the same parasites though he does not employ it as a true generic title. In this latter sense it was first employed by Ziemann who named the parasite of an owl Leucocytozoon danilewskyi, thus establishing this parasite the type species of the new genus Leucocytozoon. It is perhaps hardly necessary to mention that Danilewsky and Ziemann both used this name because they considered the parasite in question to inhabit a leucocyte of the bird's blood. There has arisen some doubt as to the exact nature of this host-cell. Some authorities consider it to be a very much altered red blood corpuscle, some perhaps more correctly an immature red blood corpuscle, while others adhere to the original view of Danilewsky as to its leucocytic nature. It must be clearly borne in mind that the nature of the host-cell does not in any way affect the generic name Leucocytozoon. If it could be conclusively proved that the host-cell is in every case a red blood corpuscle the name Leucocytozoon would still remain as the generic title though it would have ceased to be descriptive. -
Plasmodium Falciparum Is Not As Lonely As Previously Considered
AUTOPHAGIC PUNCTUM ARTICLE ADDENDUM Virulence 2:1, 71-76; January/February 2011; © 2011 Landes Bioscience Plasmodium falciparum is not as lonely as previously considered Franck Prugnolle,1,* Francisco Ayala,2 Benjamin Ollomo,3 Céline Arnathau,1 Patrick Durand1 and François Renaud1,* 1Laboratoire MIVEGEC; UM1-CNRS 5290-IRD 224, IRD Montpellier, France; 2Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California; Irvine, CA USA; 3Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville; Franceville, Gabon ntil very recently, only one species The identification of Plasmodium spe- U(P. reichenowi) was known to be a cies circulating in great apes in Africa phylogenetic sister lineage of P. falciparum, was primarily done during the first half the main malignant agent of human of the twentieth century, on the basis of malaria. In 2009 and 2010, new studies morphological features.1 This approach have revealed the existence of several new has several limitations.4 First, phenotypic phylogenetic species related to this deadly plasticity can lead to incorrect identifica- parasite and infecting chimpanzees and tions. Second, morphological keys are gorillas in Africa. These discoveries invite often effective only for a particular life us to explore a whole set of new questions, stage which cannot always be observed which we briefly do in this article. or is difficult to be. Finally, and perhaps most important, this approach overlooks The Plasmodium species infecting morphologically cryptic taxa. These limi- humans and non-human primates cluster tations, together with the difficulty to into two distinct phylogenetic lineages collect and manipulate great apes, were (Fig. 1). One of these lineages (in yellow certainly, at least in part, responsible for in Fig. -
The Nuclear 18S Ribosomal Dnas of Avian Haemosporidian Parasites Josef Harl1, Tanja Himmel1, Gediminas Valkiūnas2 and Herbert Weissenböck1*
Harl et al. Malar J (2019) 18:305 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2940-6 Malaria Journal RESEARCH Open Access The nuclear 18S ribosomal DNAs of avian haemosporidian parasites Josef Harl1, Tanja Himmel1, Gediminas Valkiūnas2 and Herbert Weissenböck1* Abstract Background: Plasmodium species feature only four to eight nuclear ribosomal units on diferent chromosomes, which are assumed to evolve independently according to a birth-and-death model, in which new variants origi- nate by duplication and others are deleted throughout time. Moreover, distinct ribosomal units were shown to be expressed during diferent developmental stages in the vertebrate and mosquito hosts. Here, the 18S rDNA sequences of 32 species of avian haemosporidian parasites are reported and compared to those of simian and rodent Plasmodium species. Methods: Almost the entire 18S rDNAs of avian haemosporidians belonging to the genera Plasmodium (7), Haemo- proteus (9), and Leucocytozoon (16) were obtained by PCR, molecular cloning, and sequencing ten clones each. Phy- logenetic trees were calculated and sequence patterns were analysed and compared to those of simian and rodent malaria species. A section of the mitochondrial CytB was also sequenced. Results: Sequence patterns in most avian Plasmodium species were similar to those in the mammalian parasites with most species featuring two distinct 18S rDNA sequence clusters. Distinct 18S variants were also found in Haemopro- teus tartakovskyi and the three Leucocytozoon species, whereas the other species featured sets of similar haplotypes. The 18S rDNA GC-contents of the Leucocytozoon toddi complex and the subgenus Parahaemoproteus were extremely high with 49.3% and 44.9%, respectively. -
Systematic Index
Systematic Index The systematic index contains the scientific names of all taxa mentioned in the book e.g., Anisonema sp., Anopheles and the vernacular names of protists, for example, tintinnids. The index is two-sided, that is, species ap - pear both with the genus-group name first e.g., Acineria incurvata and with the species-group name first ( incurvata , Acineria ). Species and genera, valid and invalid, are in italics print. The scientific name of a subgenus, when used with a binomen or trinomen, must be interpolated in parentheses between the genus-group name and the species- group name according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. In the following index, these paren - theses are omitted to simplify electronic sorting. Thus, the name Apocolpodidium (Apocolpodidium) etoschense is list - ed as Apocolpodidium Apocolpodidium etoschense . Note that this name is also listed under “ Apocolpodidium etoschense , Apocolpodidium ” and “ etoschense , Apocolpodidium Apocolpodidium ”. Suprageneric taxa, communities, and vernacular names are represented in normal type. A boldface page number indicates the beginning of a detailed description, review, or discussion of a taxon. f or ff means include the following one or two page(s), respectively. A Actinobolina vorax 84 Aegyriana paroliva 191 abberans , Euplotes 193 Actinobolina wenrichii 84 aerophila , Centropyxis 87, 191 abberans , Frontonia 193 Actinobolonidae 216 f aerophila sphagnicola , Centropyxis 87 abbrevescens , Deviata 140, 200, 212 Actinophrys sol 84 aerophila sylvatica -
Таксономический Ранг И Место В Системе Протистов Colpodellida1
ПАРАЗИТОЛОГИЯ, 34, 7, 2000 УДК 576.893.19+ 593.19 ТАКСОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ РАНГ И МЕСТО В СИСТЕМЕ ПРОТИСТОВ COLPODELLIDA1 © А. П. Мыльников, М. В. Крылов, А. О. Фролов Анализ морфофункциональной организации и дивергентных процессов у Colpodellida, Perkinsida, Gregrinea, Coccidea подтвердил наличие у них уникального общего плана строения и необходимость объединения в один тип Sporozoa. Таксономический ранг и место в системе Colpodellida представляется следующим образом: тип Sporozoa Leuckart 1879; em. Krylov, Mylnikov, 1986 (Syn.: Apicomplexa Levine, 1970). Хищники либо паразиты. Имеют общий план строения: пелликулу, состоящую у расселительных стадий из плазматической мембраны и внутреннего мембранного комплекса, микропору(ы), субпелликулярные микротрубочки, коноид (у части редуцирован), роптрии и микронемы (у части редуцированы), трубчатые кристы в митохондриях. Класс Perkinsea Levine, 1978. Хищники или паразиты, имеющие в жизненном цикле вегетативные двужгутиковые стадии развития. Подкласс 1. Colpodellia nom. nov. (Syn.: Spiromonadia Krylov, Mylnikov, 1986). Хищники; имеют два гетеродинамных жгутика; масти- геномы нитевидные (если имеются); цисты 2—4-ядерные; стрекательные органеллы — трихо- цисты. Подкласс 2. Perkinsia Levine, 1978. Все виды — паразиты; зооспоры имеют два гетеродинамных жгутика; мастигонемы (если имеются) нитевидные и в виде щетинок. Главная цель систематиков — построение естественной системы. Естественная система прежде всего должна обладать максимальными прогностическими свойствами (Старобогатов, 1989). Иными словами, знания -
Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon (Sporozoa: Haemosporida) of Wild Birds in Bulgaria
Acta Protozool. (2003) 42: 205 - 214 Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon (Sporozoa: Haemosporida) of Wild Birds in Bulgaria Peter SHURULINKOV and Vassil GOLEMANSKY Institute of Zoology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Summary. Three species of parasites of the genus Plasmodium (P. relictum, P. vaughani, P. polare) and 6 species of the genus Leucocytozoon (L. fringillinarum, L. majoris, L. dubreuili, L. eurystomi, L. danilewskyi, L. bennetti) were found in the blood of 1332 wild birds of 95 species (mostly passerines), collected in the period 1997-2001. Data on the morphology, size, hosts, prevalence and infection intensity of the observed parasites are given. The total prevalence of the birds infected with Plasmodium was 6.2%. Plasmodium was observed in blood smears of 82 birds (26 species, all passerines). The highest prevalence of Plasmodium was found in the family Fringillidae: 18.5% (n=65). A high rate was also observed in Passeridae: 18.3% (n=71), Turdidae: 11.2% (n=98) and Paridae: 10.3% (n=68). The lowest prevalence was diagnosed in Hirundinidae: 2.5% (n=81). Plasmodium was found from March until October with no significant differences in the monthly values of the total prevalence. Resident birds were more often infected (13.2%, n=287) than locally nesting migratory birds (3.8%, n=213). Spring migrants and fall migrants were infected at almost the same rate of 4.2% (n=241) and 4.7% (n=529) respectively. Most infections were of low intensity (less than 1 parasite per 100 microscope fields at magnification 2000x). Leucocytozoon was found in 17 wild birds from 9 species (n=1332). -
Archiv Für Naturgeschichte
© Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at XVnia. Protozoa, mit Ausschluss der Foraminifera, für 1900. Von Dr. Robert Lucas in Rixdorf bei Berlin. A. Publikationen mit Referaten. Abel, Rud. (1). Taschenbuch für den bakteriologischen Praktikanten, enthaltend die wichtigsten technischen üetailvor- schriften zur bakteriologischen Laboratoriumsarbeit. 5. Aufl. Preis geb. u. durchsch. 12». (VIII + 106 pp.) A. Stuber's Verlag (C. Kabitzsch)_in Würzburg. Preis: M. 2,—. — (2). Über einfache Hilfsmittel zur Ausführung bakterio- logischer Untersuchungen in der ärztl. Praxis. Verlag etc. wie oben. Preis M. 0,50. Alcock, A, W. A Summary of the Deep-sea Zoological Work of the Royal Marine Survey Ship „Investigator" from 1884—1897. Calcutta, 4 to, 49 p. — Abdruck aus Mem. Med. Officiers Army India, vol. XI. Alexander, A, Zur Übertragung der Tierkrätze auf den Menschen. Archiv für Dermatol. u. Syphilis. Bd. LH 1900. Hft. 2 p. 185—196. Amberg, C. 1900, Arbeiten aus dem botanischen Museum des eidg. Polytechnikums. I. Beiträge zur Biologie des Katzen- sees. Inaug.-Dissert. in: Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich. Jahrg. 45. 1900. (78 p. + p. 59—136) 8 Fig. im Text, 5 Periodi- citätskarten (Taf. II—VI). Geograph. Lage, Größe, Beschaffenheit, Temperatur des bei Zürich belegenen Katzensees (Moränensee). Allgem. Bemerk, über das Plankton (arm). 25 Pflanzen, 34 Tiere, 13 Mastigophoren. Zahlreich sind die Peridineen. Methoden des Fanges, Unter- suchung, Netze, volumetr. Bestimm., Wägung, Zählung. Horizontale Planktonverteilung quantitativ u. qualitativ sehr gleichmäßig, dagegen 2 nebeneinanderlieg. u. verbundene Becken, der „kleine" u, der „große" Katzensee darin recht abweichend. In vertikaler Verteilung sind die Tiefen reichlicher bevölkert. Zeitl. Verbreitung. Ardi. f. -
New Insights Into Clonality and Panmixia in Plasmodium and Toxoplasma
UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title New insights into clonality and panmixia in Plasmodium and toxoplasma. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5vs7c363 Journal Advances in parasitology, 84 ISSN 0065-308X Authors Tibayrenc, Michel Ayala, Francisco J Publication Date 2014 DOI 10.1016/b978-0-12-800099-1.00005-3 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California CHAPTER FIVE New Insights into Clonality and Panmixia in Plasmodium and Toxoplasma Michel Tibayrenc*,1, Francisco J. Ayala† *Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs Ecologie, Ge´ne´tique, Evolution et Controˆle, MIVEGEC (IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2), IRD Center, Montpellier, France †Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA 1Correponding author: e-mail address: [email protected] Contents 1. Introduction 254 2. Initial Proposals 255 3. Indispensable Recalls 255 4. Recent Developments 256 5. Population Structure of Plasmodium and Toxoplasma in the Light of the PCE Model 258 5.1 Plasmodium 258 5.2 Toxoplasma 259 6. Passive Clonality (Starving Sex) Versus In-Built Clonality in Plasmodium 260 7. Are Clonality and Near-Clading in Plasmodium and Toxoplasma Mainly Due to Natural Selection? 262 8. Are the New Plasmodium “Species” Not Mere Near-Clades? 262 9. Concluding Remarks 263 Acknowledgement 264 References 264 Abstract Until the 1990s, Plasmodium and Toxoplasma were widely considered to be potentially panmictic species, because they both undergo a meiotic sexual cycle in their definitive hosts. We have proposed that both parasites are able of clonal (nonrecombining) prop- agation, at least in some cycles. Toxoplasma was soon shown to be a paradigmatic case of clonal population structure in North American and in European cycles. -
The Classification of Lower Organisms
The Classification of Lower Organisms Ernst Hkinrich Haickei, in 1874 From Rolschc (1906). By permission of Macrae Smith Company. C f3 The Classification of LOWER ORGANISMS By HERBERT FAULKNER COPELAND \ PACIFIC ^.,^,kfi^..^ BOOKS PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA Copyright 1956 by Herbert F. Copeland Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 56-7944 Published by PACIFIC BOOKS Palo Alto, California Printed and bound in the United States of America CONTENTS Chapter Page I. Introduction 1 II. An Essay on Nomenclature 6 III. Kingdom Mychota 12 Phylum Archezoa 17 Class 1. Schizophyta 18 Order 1. Schizosporea 18 Order 2. Actinomycetalea 24 Order 3. Caulobacterialea 25 Class 2. Myxoschizomycetes 27 Order 1. Myxobactralea 27 Order 2. Spirochaetalea 28 Class 3. Archiplastidea 29 Order 1. Rhodobacteria 31 Order 2. Sphaerotilalea 33 Order 3. Coccogonea 33 Order 4. Gloiophycea 33 IV. Kingdom Protoctista 37 V. Phylum Rhodophyta 40 Class 1. Bangialea 41 Order Bangiacea 41 Class 2. Heterocarpea 44 Order 1. Cryptospermea 47 Order 2. Sphaerococcoidea 47 Order 3. Gelidialea 49 Order 4. Furccllariea 50 Order 5. Coeloblastea 51 Order 6. Floridea 51 VI. Phylum Phaeophyta 53 Class 1. Heterokonta 55 Order 1. Ochromonadalea 57 Order 2. Silicoflagellata 61 Order 3. Vaucheriacea 63 Order 4. Choanoflagellata 67 Order 5. Hyphochytrialea 69 Class 2. Bacillariacea 69 Order 1. Disciformia 73 Order 2. Diatomea 74 Class 3. Oomycetes 76 Order 1. Saprolegnina 77 Order 2. Peronosporina 80 Order 3. Lagenidialea 81 Class 4. Melanophycea 82 Order 1 . Phaeozoosporea 86 Order 2. Sphacelarialea 86 Order 3. Dictyotea 86 Order 4. Sporochnoidea 87 V ly Chapter Page Orders. Cutlerialea 88 Order 6. -
Downloaded from Pfam ( [66] and Searched Against a Range of Apicom- Plexan Genome-Encoded Protein Data Sets (S1A Table)
UC Riverside UC Riverside Previously Published Works Title Plasmodium kinesin-8X associates with mitotic spindles and is essential for oocyst development during parasite proliferation and transmission. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zv698vv Journal PLoS pathogens, 15(10) ISSN 1553-7366 Authors Zeeshan, Mohammad Shilliday, Fiona Liu, Tianyang et al. Publication Date 2019-10-10 DOI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008048 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California RESEARCH ARTICLE Plasmodium kinesin-8X associates with mitotic spindles and is essential for oocyst development during parasite proliferation and transmission 1 2☯ 2☯ 3☯ Mohammad ZeeshanID , Fiona ShillidayID , Tianyang LiuID , Steven AbelID , 4☯ 5,6☯ 1 7 Tobias MourierID , David J. P. FergusonID , Edward ReaID , Rebecca R. Stanway , 7 3 1 1 Magali Roques , Desiree WilliamsID , Emilie DanielID , Declan BradyID , Anthony 2 8 4,9 3 a1111111111 J. RobertsID , Anthony A. HolderID , Arnab Pain , Karine G. Le RochID , Carolyn 2 1 a1111111111 A. MooresID , Rita TewariID * a1111111111 1 School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, a1111111111 2 Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, London, a1111111111 United Kingdom, 3 Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America, 4 Biological Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, -
Diversity of Malaria Parasites in Great Apes in Gabon
Boundenga et al. Malaria Journal (2015) 14:111 DOI 10.1186/s12936-015-0622-6 RESEARCH Open Access Diversity of malaria parasites in great apes in Gabon Larson Boundenga1,3*, Benjamin Ollomo1†, Virginie Rougeron1,2, Lauriane Yacka Mouele1, Bertrand Mve-Ondo1, Lucrèce M Delicat-Loembet1, Nancy Diamella Moukodoum1, Alain Prince Okouga1, Céline Arnathau2, Eric Elguero2, Patrick Durand2, Florian Liégeois1,4, Vanina Boué1, Peggy Motsch1, Guillaume Le Flohic1, Alphonse Ndoungouet1, Christophe Paupy1,2, Cheikh Tidiane Ba3, Francois Renaud2 and Franck Prugnolle1,2† Abstract Background: Until 2009, the Laverania subgenus counted only two representatives: Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium reichenowi. The recent development of non-invasive methods allowed re-exploration of plasmodial diversity in African apes. Although a large number of great ape populations have now been studied regarding Plasmodium infections in Africa, there are still vast areas of their distribution that remained unexplored. Gabon constitutes an important part of the range of western central African great ape subspecies (Pan troglodytes troglodytes and Gorilla gorilla gorilla), but has not been studied so far. In the present study, the diversity of Plasmodium species circulating in great apes in Gabon was analysed. Methods: The analysis of 1,261 faecal samples from 791 chimpanzees and 470 gorillas collected from 24 sites all over Gabon was performed. Plasmodium infections were characterized by amplification and sequencing of a portion of the Plasmodium cytochrome b gene. Results: The analysis of the 1,261 samples revealed that at least six Plasmodium species circulate in great apes in Gabon (Plasmodium praefalciparum, Plasmodium gorA (syn Plasmodium adleri), Plasmodium gorB (syn Plasmodium blacklocki) in gorillas and Plasmodium gaboni, P.