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Z Is for Zimbabwe – Sample Chapter from Book Copyrighted Material MEET ZIMBABWE! is for Zimbabwe MALAWI Z ZAMBIA a m b e z i r R ive i v R Z e i a r z m e Lake Kariba b b ez m i Za Ri NAMIBIA HARARE ve Victoria r Falls MUTARE MOZAMBIQUE BULAWAYO Great INDIAN Zimbabwe OCEAN BOTSWANA SOUTH AFRICA Z is Zimbabwe, the great “House of Stone,” Where zebras, giraffes and elephants roam. ZIMBABWE 311 Sample Chapter from "Australia to Zimbabwe" ©2015 Copyrighted Material MEET ZIMBABWE! Here you can hear the mbira’s soft sounds [em-BEER-rah] Calling the ancestors Mbira out of the ground. (Thumb Piano) Here Victoria Falls Victoria Falls from the river Zambezi, [zam-BEE-zee] “Mosi oa Tunya” And across the plateau, the weather is easy. Here men find great sculptures hidden in stones, Stone Sculpture Near fields where tobacco and cotton are grown. But their food is from corn Cotton served with sauce (just like pasta) – For breakfast there’s bota, for dinner there’s sadza. Once a colony British called Southern Rhodesia, Sadza This nation was founded on historic amnesia Bota 312 ZIMBABWE Sample Chapter from "Australia to Zimbabwe" ©2015 Copyrighted Material MEET ZIMBABWE! Brits believed civilization arrived with the whites, Who soon took the best land and had all the rights. Cecil Rhodes Rhodesia’s Founder They couldn’t believe Great Zimbabwe had been Great Zimbabwe Constructed by locals – by those with black skin. This fortress in ruins from medieval times Bird Sculpture from Had been city and home Great Zimbabwe to a culture refined. White settlers built cities Great Zimbabwe and farms in this place, And blacks became second class due to their race. But in 1980, Robert Mugabe, democratic elections Zimbabwe’s First Prime Minister allowed the majority to make their selection. ZIMBABWE 313 Sample Chapter from "Australia to Zimbabwe" ©2015 Copyrighted Material MEET ZIMBABWE! A new nation was born and Zimbabwe was named For a glorious past when the ancestors reigned. Statue to Unknown Soldiers Now from bustling cities – Bulawayo, Harare – [bu-la-WAY-yo, ha-RAR-ree] To villages tiny, Harare you’ll meet dear shamwari. [sham-WAH-ree, friends] They will say “Makadee!” [mah-kah-DEE] while clapping their hands, To mean “How are you?” come enjoy our great land! Clapping Hands in Greeting Makadee! Salibonani!* *Makadee is a Shona greeting. Salibonani! [sah-lee-boh-NAH-nee], means “Hello!” in Sindebele. 314 ZIMBABWE Sample Chapter from "Australia to Zimbabwe" ©2015 Copyrighted Material SEE ZIMBABWE! Zimbabwe’s flag was adopted in 1980 when the country gained internationally recognized independence and majority rule by black Zimbabweans. The bird pictured on the mast was part of the ruins found at Great Zimbabwe, an African kingdom that ruled here long before the arrival of Europeans in the 1880s. Beneath the bird is a star, which symbolizes the movement and struggle for independence. The white triangle represents peace. The green stripes represent Zimbabwe’s abundant farm land, the yellow, its mineral wealth. The red stripes stand for the blood shed in their struggle for independence and the black stripe represents Zimbabwe’s rule by its black majority. ZIMBABWE got its name from Great Zimbabwe, the ruin of a medieval kingdom that was Democratic built with tall stone TANZANIA walls. Its discovery by Republic of archaeologists proved CONGO the existence of an advanced civilization MALAWI here long before ANGOLA the arrival of white ZAMBIA colonists. Zimbabwe means “house of stone” or “venerated houses” in Shona ZIMBABWE language. NAMIBIA MOZAMBIQUE BOTSWANA MADAGASCAR SWAZILAND SOUTHSOUTH Official Name: AFRICA Republic of Zimbabwe AFRICA LESOTHO Population: 13.8 million Capital: Harare Largest Cities: Harare, Zimbabwe in Southern Africa Bulawayo, Chitungwiza (a suburb of Harare), Mutare Comparative Size: Slightly larger than Montana, and a bit larger than Germany Ethnicity: Shona 82%, GeoGraPhiCal NotEs Ndebele 14%, other African 2%, Though Zimbabwe is in mixed and Asian 1%, white <1% the tropics, it sits on a high plateau, far above sea level. Language: English, Shona, The high altitude makes Sindebele the temperatures very moderate. In the capital, Religion: Christian 87%, syncretic (Christian and Harare, the temperature generally gets as low as the traditional) 50%, traditional 4% mid 40s°F (6°C) in June and none 8%, as high as the mid 80s°F Currency: Zimbabwean dollar (29°C) in October. The rainy season is November Important Industry: –March, when there are Mining heavy rain showers in the Top Export: Platinum Where in the World is Zimbabwe? afternoons. ZIMBABWE 315 Sample Chapter from "Australia to Zimbabwe" ©2015 Copyrighted Material SEE ZIMBABWE! There are many national parks in Zimbabwe, and within the parks abundant wildlife Giraffe roams, including zebras, giraffes, elephants, cheetahs, lions and hippos. Outside of parks, there are fewer wild animals, but elephants are known for sometimes getting into farms and eating the crops. Zebra Elephant Hippopotamus The mbira or thumb piano is a popular instrument in Zimbabwean music, particularly that of the Shona people. The Shona use the mbira in ceremonies to call back the spirits of ancestors. Cotton The Ndebele people have a similar belief in Zimbabwe has rich farmland contacting the ancestors, and regularly exports tobacco, but use drums to call their cotton and sugar. Commercial spirits during a traditional fall Mbira agriculture and mining are their festival. two largest industries. Zimbabwe is famous for its many stone sculptors, and their work is found in art museums around the world. Each sculptor has a unique style of carving, but a popular theme is semi-abstract depictions of human relationships. Sculpture Victoria Falls Sculptor Victoria Falls is locally known as Mosi with Her Oa Tunya, or the “Smoke that Thunders,” Work which describes the roaring sound and the cloud of mist it produces. It is the world’s largest waterfall, as measured by the size of its curtain of water. The waterfall is over 5,000 ft (1524 m) across and 350 ft Bota (107 m) tall. Victoria Falls is part of the Zambezi River and lies just on the border of Zimbabwe and Zambia. Bota and sadza are both made from mealie meal, the Zimbabwean term for corn meal. Sadza Bota, eaten for breakfast, is a type of corn porridge similar to American grits. It is usually seasoned with peanut butter, milk, butter or jam. Sadza is thicker than bota, and it is eaten for lunch and dinner along with sauces made from vegetables, meats or beans. It looks similar to mashed potatoes, but sadza is stiffer and can actually be picked up, rolled into a ball and then dipped into sauces. It is eaten using only the right hand. 316 ZIMBABWE Sample Chapter from "Australia to Zimbabwe" ©2015 Copyrighted Material SEE ZIMBABWE! Southern Rhodesian stamps featuring Cecil Rhodes and the colonial ideal of “civilizing the natives” – see the figures under 1890 and 1940. Great Zimbabwe Wall Great Zimbabwe is a ruin of a city built from stone Prior to their independence, during the 11th to 14th centuries CE. It was the capital of the Zimbabwe was known as Monomotapa Empire and home to the king, his court and Southern Rhodesia. Both it up to 18,000 others. Great Zimbabwe was a center for gold and Northern Rhodesia (present mining and international trade in its time. The walls surrounding day Zambia) were named for it were as high as 36 ft (11 m) and were built using precisely the British empire-maker Cecil cut granite blocks, stacked with no mortar. Covering over 7 Rhodes. Cecil Rhodes was born sq km, it is the largest historical structure that has been found in England but went on to make his in Sub-Saharan Africa. When white colonists first saw the fortune in the diamond business in ruins of Great Zimbabwe, they developed many theories as to South Africa. He founded De Beers, who could’ve built it: Arabs, Phoenicians, even the Queen of a company that still dominates the Sheba – anyone but the ancestors of the local population. The diamond mining industry. He helped Rhodesian government even suppressed archaeological to spread British mining rights findings that suggest it was built by ancestors of the north to present-day Zambia and Shona. They wanted to maintain the myth that Zimbabwe, eventually founding a civilization only arrived with Europeans. colony there in 1890, which people For the new nation, Great Zimbabwe called “Rhodesia” in his honor. became a symbol of black rule and Rhodes was a believer that British indigenous civilization. colonialism was a gift to the world. If the British Empire could spread Eight bird round the world, it would bring figurines were “civilization” everywhere. This found on walls belief in the benevolence of British and atop totems at rule was widespread in Britain at Great Zimbabwe. that time. Great Zimbabwe Bird The bird, which is an African fishing eagle, may have been an emblem of the king and has now become another symbol of Zimbabwe, appearing on the flag and on coins. Close-ups of the mortarless granite walls, which still stand due to the precision of the stone cutting. Robert Great Zimbabwe Mugabe Robert Mugabe was Zimbabwe’s first prime minister. After being a leader in the struggle for majority rule and becoming a national hero, he was elected in 1980. Ruling Zimbabwe for more that three decades, he has never been willing to leave office. Critics claim his unwillingness to let go of power has made the country a quasi-dictatorship. His reputed human rights abuses and oppression of opposition groups has damaged his reputation as a liberator of Zimbabwe. A new constitution has set term limits for all future presidents.
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