Smart Materials for Smart Living
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MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES SMART MATERIALS FOR SMART LIVING No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services. MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES Additional books in this series can be found on Nova’s website under the Series tab. Additional e-books in this series can be found on Nova’s website under the eBooks tab. MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES SMART MATERIALS FOR SMART LIVING RADHESHYAM RAI EDITOR Copyright © 2017 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic, tape, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise without the written permission of the Publisher. We have partnered with Copyright Clearance Center to make it easy for you to obtain permissions to reuse content from this publication. Simply navigate to this publication’s page on Nova’s website and locate the “Get Permission” button below the title description. This button is linked directly to the title’s permission page on copyright.com. Alternatively, you can visit copyright.com and search by title, ISBN, or ISSN. 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In addition, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from any methods, products, instructions, ideas or otherwise contained in this publication. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information with regard to the subject matter covered herein. It is sold with the clear understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering legal or any other professional services. If legal or any other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent person should be sought. FROM A DECLARATION OF PARTICIPANTS JOINTLY ADOPTED BY A COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION AND A COMMITTEE OF PUBLISHERS. Additional color graphics may be available in the e-book version of this book. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ISBN: 978-1-53612-280-0 (eBook) Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. † New York CONTENTS Preface vii Chapter 1 Smart Material Nanofibers for Day to Day Life 1 Madan Lal, Mamta Shandilya, Seema Sharma and Radheshyam Rai Chapter 2 Possible Applications of Zinc and Titanium in Modern Life 67 Anjali Sharma, Madan Lal, Naheed Ahmad and Radheshyam Rai Chapter 3 High Dielectric Materials for Supercapacitors 95 Poonam Kumari, Mamta Shandilya, Madan Lal and Radheshyam Rai Chapter 4 Development of Double Perovskite Electroceramics 137 Shweta Thakur, Mamta Shandilya and Radheshyam Rai Chapter 5 Magnetic Properties, Magnetoresistance and Functionality of Perovskite Manganese Oxides 173 I. O. Troyanchuk, D. V. Karpinsky, M. V. Silibin, S. A. Garvilov, S. V. Dubkov and V. V. Sikolenko Chapter 6 Piezoresponse Force Microscopy of P(VDF-TrFE)- Graphene Oxide Films 191 M. V. Silibin, V. S. Bystrov, D. V. Karpinsky, N. Nasani, G. Goncalves, A. V. Sysa, A. V. Solnyshkin, P. A. A. P. Marques, Budhendra Singh and I. K. Bdikin Chapter 7 Piezoelectric Electroceramic Perovskites and Their Applications 205 Poonam Kumari, Madan Lal, Shashi Prakash Rai and Radheshyam Rai Chapter 8 Biodiversity and Sustainable Development 257 Naheed Ahmad, Anjali Sharma and Radheshyam Rai Chapter 9 Fabrication of KNN Thin-Films via a Spin Coating Technique 277 Rashmi Rani, Seema Sharma, Marzia Quaglio, Simelys Hernandez, Stefano Bianco, Angelica Chiodoni and Candido Fabrizio Pirri vi Contents Chapter 10 Ferrroelectric and Ferromagnetic Properties of Bi1-x-yDyxCyFe1-yTiyO3 Solid Solution 291 Radheshyam Rai, Anjali Sharma, Igor Bdikin, M. A. Valente and Seema Sharma Chapter 11 M-Type Barium Nanohexaferrite Material: A Novel EntRant for Storage Enrichment and High Frequency Applications 303 Virender Pratap Singh, Gagan Kumar, Ramprakash Dwivedi, K. M. Battoo, R. K. Kotnala and M. Singh Chapter 12 Hyperspectral Imaging: A Brief Introduction for Beginners 337 Ankit Gupta Chapter 13 Dielectric Relaxation in BaTiO3-Based Perovskite 345 Mamta Shandilya, Shweta Thakur, Radheshyam Rai and Jagtar Singh Chapter 14 Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts 365 Sapna Thakur, Shweta Thakur, Mamta Shandilya, Madan Lal and Radheshyam Rai About the Editor 383 Index 385 PREFACE In view of the potential importance of Smart Materials and its diversified applications, the book provides adequate material to researchers in the field of Material Science. The concept of development in present world can be understood by the infrastructure, social development and health. Now in these days, basic needs are centered on “Materials”. How judiciously one uses the materials and resources is the point of concern. The purpose of this book is to synthesize materials that prove to be beneficial for the society in different respect. Smart material like (Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric ceramics and nanomaterials) are presently one of focused point in materials research. Smart materials are becoming more interested subject as materials scientists. They are focus on materials chemistry, physics and application in real world because it induces conformational changes in complex structures and properties which are useful for devise and control them. The smart materials with the most promising ability to alter the mode via an external stimuli including stress, electric or magnetic fields, temperature, moisture or etc. These types of materials have been found to be very useful and interesting for different solid state devices in real life. Changing structures, advances in technologies and the greater reliance of researchers on materials poses a number of challenges for maintaining good manufacturing practices. Also, the theoretical and experimental aspects have been dealt with in detail. Now these days, everything in human surrounding are moves towards materials. The focus of the chapters is too dealt with different type of environment friendly materials. The main challenge faced while compiling the matter for this book was identification and prioritization of the various materials that help in making our lives better. I would love to bring about changes for a better living through the research material included in this book. I am thankful to the students and all other team members for encouraging me to write this book. I express my gratitude to “Nova publisher” for bringing out this book in its present form. The work has been described in fourteen chapters. The book Smart Materials for Smart Living has a wide range of collection of materials that are involved in the things that govern our day to day lives. The research work presented in the book begins with Chapter 1 on General Introduction on Smart Material Nanofibers giving a general idea of nanofibers and their application. Applications of SMNFs are used in different areas such as Filtration media, Gas sensing and a great deal of biomedical applications too. The treatment of heart blockage, brain hemorrhage has been significantly affected by these materials, due to their properties of extremely small pore size, electrical and viii Radheshyam Rai magnetic properties, large surface to volume ratio and being light in weight. These are also useful to be better materials in solar cells, batteries and many other applications. Chapter 2 deals with detailed description of possible application on Zinc and Titanium in our life. Zinc is a material that has been used since ancient times, especially in India. Its antibacterial and biocompatible properties make it one of the best materials to be used in medical industry. Applications of TiO2 are used for reducing air and water pollution and separation of cadmium. Also ZnO has worldwide applications in rubber industry, paints, cosmetics, photocopying, fire retardants etc. They are also used in pharmaceutical industry in curing Diarrhea (children), bad breath, Down’s syndrome, Immune function etc. The applications of such materials are obviously possible only and only if they are synthesized in the best manner. Nano fibers are used in wound